EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
General Description
The MAX16963 is a high-efficiency, dual synchronous
step-down converter that operates with a 2.7V to 5.5V
input voltage range and provides a 0.8V to 3.6V output
voltage range. The device delivers up to 1.5A of load
current per output. The low input/output voltage range
and the ability to provide high output currents make this
device ideal for on-board point-of-load and postregulation
applications. The device achieves Q3% output error over
load, line, and temperature ranges.
The device features a 2.2MHz fixed-frequency PWM mode
for better noise immunity and load transient response,
and a skip mode for increased efficiency during light-load
operation. The 2.2MHz frequency operation allows for
an all-ceramic capacitor design and small-size external
components. An optional spread-spectrum frequency
modulation minimizes radiated electromagnetic emissions
due to the switching frequency.
On-board low RDSON switches help minimize efficiency
losses at heavy loads and reduce critical/parasitic inductance, making the layout a much simpler task with respect
to discrete solutions. Following a simple layout and footprint
ensures first-pass success in new designs.
The device is offered in a factory-preset output voltage or
adjustable output-voltage version (see the Selector Guide
for options). Factory-preset output-voltage versions allow
customers to achieve Q3% output-voltage accuracy without
using external resistors, while the adjustable output-voltage
version provides the flexibility to set the output voltage to
any desired value between 0.8V and 3.6V using an external
resistive divider.
Additional features include 8ms fixed soft-start, 16ms
fixed power-good delay, overcurrent, and overtemperature
protections.
The MAX16963 is available in thermally enhanced 16-pin
TSSOP-EP and 4mm x 4mm, 16-pin TQFN-EP packages,
and is specified for operation over the -40NC to +125NC
automotive temperature range.
Benefits and Features
S Small Size Components
Dual 2.2MHz DC-DC Converter
S Ideal for Point-of-Load Applications
Up to 1.5A Output Current
Adjustable Output Voltage: 0.8V to 3.6V
2.7V to 5.5V Operating Supply voltage
S High Efficiency at Light Load
Skip Mode with 36µA Quiescent Current
S Low Electromagnetic Emission
Programmable SYNC I/O Pin
Spread Spectrum
S Low Power Mode Saves Energy
Independent Enable Inputs
S Output Rail Monitoring Helps Prevent System Failure
Open-Drain Power-Good Output
S Limits Inrush Current During Startup
Built-In Soft-Start Timer
S Overtemperature and Short-Circuit Protections
S 4mm x 4mm, 16-Pin TQFN and 16-Pin TSSOP
Packages
S -40NC to 125NC Operating Temperature Range
Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet.
Typical Application Circuit
VPV1
PV1
4.7µF
Industrial/Military
Point-of-Load Applications
VOUT1
22µF
PV2
4.7µF
VPV
2.2µH
LX1
VPV2
PGND1
EN2
OUTS2
1.5µH
VOUT2
LX2
10Ω
22µF
PV
Applications
Automotive Postregulation
OUTS1
EN1
PGND2
1µF
VOUT1
GND
VOUT2
MAX16963
20kΩ
PG2
EP
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct
at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.
20kΩ
PG1
19-6487; Rev 5; 7/15
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PV, PV1, PV2 to GND...............................................-0.3V to +6V
EN1, EN2, PG1, PG2 to GND..................................-0.3V to +6V
LX_ Current............................................................ ±1.6 (Note 1)
PGND1 and PGND2 to GND ...............................-0.3V to +0.3V
PV to PV1 and PV2................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
LX1 and LX2 Continuous RMS Current....................................1A
All Other Pins Voltages to GND... (VPV + 0.3V) to (VGND - 0.3V)
Output Short-Circuit Duration.....................................Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC)
TQFN (derate 25mW/NC above +70NC)................... 2000mW*
TSSOP (derate 26.1mW/NC above +70NC)........... 2088.8mW*
Operating Temperature Range......................... -40NC to +125NC
Junction Temperature......................................................+150NC
Storage Temperature Range............................. -65NC to +150NC
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300NC
Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC
*As per JEDEC51 Standard (multilayer board).
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note 1: LX_ has internal clamp diodes for PGND_ and PV_. Applications that forward bias these diodes should take care not to
exceed the IC’s package power-dissipation limits.
PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 2)
TQFN
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (BJA)...........40NC/W
Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (BJC)..................6NC/W
TSSOP
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (BJA)........38.3NC/W
Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (BJC)..................3NC/W
Note 2: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer
board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VPV = VPV1 = VPV2 = 5V, VEN_ = 5V, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 3)
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage Range
Supply Current
Shutdown Supply Current
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
VPV
Normal operation
2.7
IPV
No load, VPWM = 0V
16
ISHDN
Undervoltage Lockout Threshold
Low
VUVLO_L
Undervoltage Lockout Threshold
High
VUVLO_H
VEN1 = VEN2 = 0V, TA = +25°C
TYP
MAX
UNITS
5.5
V
36
60
FA
1
5
FA
2.37
V
2.6
Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis
0.07
V
V
SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN DC-DC CONVERTER 1
FB Regulation Voltage
Feedback Set-Point Accuracy
VOUTS1
VOUTS1
800
ILOAD = 4% to 100%
0
-0.5
mV
+3
%
+2
+3
%
pMOS On-Resistance
RDSON_P1
VPV1 = 5V, ILX1 = 0.4A
90
148
mI
nMOS On-Resistance
RDSON_N1 VPV1 = 5V, ILX1 = 0.8A
68
128
mI
2.35
3.15
A
Maximum pMOS Current-Limit
Threshold
Maxim Integrated
ILIMP1
ILOAD = 0%
-3
1.95
2
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VPV = VPV1 = VPV2 = 5V, VEN_ = 5V, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 3)
PARAMETER
Maximum Output Current
SYMBOL
IOUT1
OUTS1 Bias Current
IB_OUTS1
LX1 Leakage Current
ILX1_LEAK
Minimum On-Time
LX1 Discharge Resistance
CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
1.5
Fixed output-voltage variants
-1
+1
Adjustable output variants
-1
+1
TA = +25°C
-1
+1
TA = +125°C
-5
+5
VPV1 = 6V, LX1 =
PGND1 or PV1
tON_MIN
RLX1
TYP
(VOUT1 + 0.5V P VPV1 P 5.5V) (Note 4)
A
60
VEN1 = 0V, through the OUTS_ pin
15
UNITS
24
Maximum Short-Circuit Current
FA
FA
ns
55
I
3.9
A
SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN DC-DC CONVERTER 2
FB Regulation Voltage
Feedback Set-Point Accuracy
VOUTS2
VOUTS2
800
mV
ILOAD = 4% to 100%
-3
0
+3
ILOAD = 0%
+1
+2
+3
%
pMOS On-Resistance
RDSON_P2
VPV2 = 5V, ILX2 = 0.4A
90
148
mI
nMOS On-Resistance
RDSON_N2 VPV2 = 5V, ILX2 = 0.8A
68
128
mI
2.55
3.15
A
2
5
Maximum pMOS Current-Limit
Threshold
ILIMP2
Maximum Output Current
IOUT2
OUTS2 Bias Current
IB_OUTS2
LX2 Leakage Current
ILX2_LEAK
Minimum On-Time
LX2 Discharge Resistance
1.95
(VOUT2 + 0.5V P VIN2 P 5.5V) (Note 4)
Fixed output-voltage variants
1.5
1
Adjustable output variants
VPV2 = 6V, LX2 =
PGND2 or PV2
1
TA = +25°C
-1
+1
TA = +125°C
-5
+5
tON_MIN
RLX2
A
60
VEN2 = 0V, through the OUTS_ pin
15
24
Maximum Short-Circuit Current
FA
FA
55
ns
I
3.9
A
2.4
MHz
OSCILLATOR
Oscillator Frequency
fSW
Spread Spectrum
Df/f
SYNC Input Frequency Range
fSYNC
2.0
Spread spectrum enabled
50% duty cycle (Note 5)
2.2
+6
1.7
%
2.4
MHz
THERMAL OVERLOAD
Thermal Shutdown Threshold
165
°C
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
15
°C
POWER-GOOD OUTPUTS (PG1, PG2)
PG_ Overvoltage Threshold
PGOVTH
Percentage of nominal output
106
110
114
%
PG_ Undervoltage Threshold
PGUVTH
Percentage of nominal output
89.5
92
94
%
Active Timeout Period
Maxim Integrated
16
ms
3
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VPV = VPV1 = VPV2 = 5V, VEN_ = 5V, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 3)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
Undervoltage/Overvoltage
Propagation Delay
TYP
MAX
28
Output High Leakage Current
PG1 Output Low Voltage
PG2 Output Low Voltage
UNITS
Fs
TA = +25°C
0.2
2.6V ≤ VPV1 ≤ 5.5V, ISINK = 3mA
0.4
VPV1 = 1.2V, ISINK = 100FA
0.4
2.6V ≤ VPV2 ≤ 5.5V, ISINK = 3mA
0.4
VPV2 = 1.2V, ISINK = 100FA
0.4
FA
V
V
ENABLE INPUTS (EN1, EN2)
Input Voltage High
VINH
Input rising
2.4
1.7
2.4
V
Input Voltage Low
VINL
Input falling
0.5
0.85
0.5
V
Input Current
VEN_ = high
0.1
1.0
2
FA
Pulldown Resistor
VEN_ = low
50
100
200
kI
Input Hysteresis
0.85
V
DIGITAL INPUTS (SYNC, PWM)
Input Voltage High
VINH
Input Voltage Low
VINL
1.8
V
0.4
Input Voltage Hysteresis
50
Pulldown Resistor
50
100
V
mV
200
kI
0.4
V
DIGITAL OUTPUT (SYNC)
SYNC Output Voltage Low
VOL
ISINK = 3mA
SYNC Output Voltage High
VOH
VPV_ = 5V, ISOURCE = 3mA
4.2
V
Note 3: All limits are 100% production tested at +25°C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design.
Note 4: Calculated value based on an assumed inductor ripple of 30%.
Note 5: For SYNC frequency outside (1.7, 2.4)MHz, contact the factory.
Maxim Integrated
4
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VPV = VPV1 = 5V, VEN1 = VEN2 = 5V, VOUT1 = 3.3V, VOUT2 = 1.8V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
(VOUT = 1.8V)
40
60
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
VIN = 5V
0.01
0.1
1
VIN = 5V
0
0.001
10
0.01
LOAD CURRENT (A)
MAX16963 toc04
0
TA = +125°C
-1.0
-1.5
TA = -40°C
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
TA = +25°C
-0.25
70
TA = +125°C
40
TA = +25°C
20
3.1
3.5
3.9 4.3
VPV (V)
4.7
5.1
5.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
VPV (V)
fSW vs. TEMPERATURE
LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (PWM)
MAX16963 toc07
TA = +125°C
TA = -40°C
2.20
MAX16963 toc08
2.18
2.16
1.5A
VIN = 5V
PWM MODE
ILOAD = 0A
2.14
fSW (MHz)
0.15A
0A
2.12
2.10
2.08
2.06
VOUT
AC-COUPLED
25
1.50
10
ILOAD
30
1.25
VPWM = 0V
VEN1 = VEN2 = VPV
VOUT1 = VOUT2 = 0.8V
60
40
35
1.00
30
2.7
1.50
1.25
0.75
IPV vs. VPV (SKIP)
TA = -40°C
-0.20
IPV vs. TEMPERATURE (SKIP)
IPV (µA)
0.50
50
-0.15
ILOAD (A)
VPV = 5V
VPWM = 0V
VEN1 = VEN2 = VPV
VOUT1 = VOUT2 = 0.8
0.25
ILOAD (A)
-0.40
0
45
-3.0
10
-0.10
-0.35
TA = +25°C
-3.0
50
1
VOUT = 1.8V
ILOAD = 0.75A
-0.05
-0.30
-2.0
-2.5
0.1
0
REGULATION (%)
REGULATION (%)
0.5
-0.5
TA = +25°C
-2.0
VOUT LINE REGULATION (PWM)
VIN = 5V
VOUT = 3.3V
1.0
TA = -40°C
LOAD CURRENT (A)
VOUT1 LOAD REGULATION (SKIP)
1.5
-1.5
-2.5
IPV (µA)
0
0.001
PWM
50
-1.0
MAX16963 toc06
PWM
50
MAX16963 toc05
60
-0.5
TA = +125°C
SKIP
70
VIN = 5V
VOUT = 3.3V
MAX16963 toc09
70
80
REGULATION (%)
SKIP
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
80
0
MAX16963 toc02
90
VOUT LOAD REGULATION (PWM)
100
MAX16963 toc01
100
MAX16963 toc03
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
(VOUT = 3.3V)
50mv/div
2.04
2.02
20
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Maxim Integrated
2.00
VOUT = 3.3V
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
100µs/div
TEMPERATURE (°C)
5
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
SYNC
PWM
GND
TOP VIEW
PV
Pin Configurations
12
11
10
9
TOP VIEW
8
PG2 13
7
OUTS2 14
PG1
OUTS1
MAX16963
EN2 15
EP
2
3
4
LX1
LX2
1
5
PGND1
+
PGND2
PV2 16
6
EN1
PV1
EN2
1
PV2
+
16
OUTS2
2
15
PG2
LX2
3
14
PV
PGND2
4
13
SYNC
PGND1
5
LX1
6
PV1
7
EN1
8
MAX16963
EP
12
PWM
11
GND
10
PG1
9
OUTS1
TSSOP-EP
TQFN-EP
(4mm x 4mm)
Pin Descriptions
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
TQFN
TSSOP
1
3
LX2
2
4
PGND2
Converter #2 Power Ground
3
5
PGND1
Converter #1 Power Ground
4
6
LX1
Converter #1 Switching Node. LX1 is high impedance when converter #1 is off.
5
7
PV1
Converter #1 Input Supply. Bypass PV1 with at least a 4.7FF ceramic capacitor to PGND1.
6
8
EN1
Converter #1 Enable Input. Drive EN1 high to enable converter #1. Drive EN1 low to disable
converter #1.
7
9
OUTS1
Converter #1 Feedback Input (Adjustable Output Option Only). Connect an external resistive
divider from VOUT1 to OUTS1 and GND to set the output voltage.
8
10
PG1
OUT1 Power-Good Output. Open-drain output. PG1 asserts when VOUT1 drops by 8%. Connect
to a 10kI pullup resistor.
9
11
GND
Ground
10
12
PWM
PWM Control Input. Drive PWM high to put converters in forced PWM mode. Drive PWM low to
put converters in skip mode.
11
13
SYNC
Factory-Set Sync Input or Output. As an input, SYNC accepts a 1.7MHz to 2.5HMz external
signal. As an output, SYNC outputs a 90° phase-shifted signal with respect to internal oscillator.
Maxim Integrated
Converter #2 Switching Node. LX2 is high impedance when converter #2 is off.
6
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
Pin Descriptions (continued)
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
14
PV
Device Supply Voltage Input. Bypass with at least a 1FF ceramic capacitor to GND. In addition,
connect a 10I decoupling resistor between PV and the bypass capacitor.
13
15
PG2
OUT2 Power-Good Output. Open-drain output. PG2 asserts when VOUT2 drops by 8%. Connect
to a 10kI pullup resistor.
14
16
OUTS2
Converter #2 Feedback Input (Adjustable Output Option Only). Connect an external resistive
divider from VOUT2 to OUTS2 and GND to set the output voltage.
15
1
EN2
Converter #2 Enable Input. Drive EN2 high to enable converter #2. Drive EN2 low to disable
converter #2.
16
2
PV2
Converter #2 Input Supply. Bypass PV2 with at least a 4.7FF ceramic capacitor to PGND2.
—
—
EP
Exposed Pad. Connect EP to a large-area contiguous copper ground plane for effective power
dissipation. Do not use as the only IC ground connection. EP must be connected to GND.
TQFN
TSSOP
12
Detailed Description
The MAX16963 is a high-efficiency, dual synchronous
step-down converter that operates with a 2.7V to 5.5V
input voltage range and provides a 0.8V to 3.6V output
voltage range. The MAX16963 delivers up to 1.5A of load
current per output and achieves Q3% output error over
load, line, and temperature ranges.
The device features a PWM input that, when set to
logic-high, forces the MAX16963 into a fixed-frequency,
2.2MHz PWM mode. A logic-low at the PWM input
enables the device to enter a low-power pulse frequency
modulation mode (PFM) under light-load conditions. An
optional spread-spectrum frequency modulation minimizes radiated electromagnetic emissions due to the
switching frequency and a factory programmable synchronization I/O (SYNC) allows better noise immunity.
On-board low RDSON switches help minimize efficiency
losses at heavy loads and reduce critical/parasitic
inductance, making the layout a much simpler task with
respect to discrete solutions. Following a simple layout
and footprint ensures first-pass success in new designs.
The device is offered in factory-preset output voltages to allow customers to achieve Q3% output-voltage
accuracy without using expensive Q1% resistors. In
addition, the adjustable output-voltage versions can be
set to any desired values between 0.8V to 3.6V using
an external resistive divider. See the Selector Guide for
available options.
Maxim Integrated
Additional features include 8ms fixed soft-start, 16ms
fixed power-good output, overcurrent, and overtemperature protections. See Figure 1.
Power-Good Output
The MAX16963 features an open-drain power-good output that asserts when the output voltage drops 8% below
the regulated voltage. PG_ remains asserted for a fixed
16ms timeout period after the output rises up to its regulated voltage. Connect PG_ to OUTS_ with a 10kI resistor.
Soft-Start
The MAX16963 includes an 8ms fixed soft-start time.
Soft-start time limits startup inrush current by forcing the
output voltage to ramp up towards its regulation point.
Spread-Spectrum Option
The MAX16963 featuring spread-spectrum (SS) operation varies the internal operating frequency up by SS
= 6% relative to the internally generated operating frequency of 2.2MHz (typ). This function does not apply
to externally applied oscillation frequency. The internal
oscillator is frequency modulated with a 6% frequency
deviation. See the Selector Guide for available options.
Synchronization (SYNC)
SYNC is a factory-programmable I/O. See the Selector
Guide for available options. When SYNC is configured
as an input, a logic-high on PWM enables SYNC to
accept signal frequency in the range of 1.7MHz < fSYNC
< 2.5MHz. When SYNC is configured as an output, a
logic-high on PWM enables SYNC to output a 90N phaseshifted signal with respect to internal oscillator.
7
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
PV1
CURRENT-SENSE
AMP
MAX16963
SKIP CURRENT
COMP
PV1
CLK1
PEAK CURRENT
COMP
RAMP
GENERATOR
CONTROL LOGIC
STEP-DOWN #1
PGND1
Σ
LX1
PV
PMW
COMP
PGND1
VREF
SOFT-START
GENERATOR
ERROR
AMP
ZERO-CROSSING
COMP
FPWM CLK1
POWER-GOOD
COMP
OUTS1
CURRENT LIM
COMP
P1-OK
FEEDBACK
DRIVER
PGND1
PV2
CURRENT-SENSE
AMP
SKIP CURRENT
COMP
PV1
CLK2
PEAK CURRENT
COMP
RAMP
GENERATOR
CONTROL LOGIC
STEP-DOWN #2
Σ
PGND2
LX2
PV
PMW
COMP
PGND2
VREF
SOFT-START
GENERATOR
ERROR
AMP
FPWM CLK2
ZERO-CROSSING
COMP
POWER-GOOD
COMP
OUTS1
CURRENT LIM
COMP
P2-OK
FEEDBACK
DRIVER
PGND2
CLK1
SYNC
OSC.
CLK2
OTP
TRIM BITS
FPWM
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
TH-SD
P1-OK
P2-OK
EN1
MAIN
CONTROL
LOGIC
VREF
PG1
PG2
EN2
GND
Figure 1. Internal Block Diagram
Maxim Integrated
8
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
turns on the IC again after the junction temperature cools
by 15°C.
VOUT_
MAX16963
R1
C1
Adjustable Output-Voltage Option
OUTS_
R2
Figure 2. Adjustable Output Voltage Setting
Current-Limit/Short-Circuit Protection
The MAX16963 features current limit that protects the
device against short-circuit and overload conditions at an
output. In the event of a short-circuit or overload condition at an output, the high-side MOSFET remains on until
the inductor current reaches the high-side MOSFET’s
current-limit threshold. The converter then turns on the
low-side MOSFET and the inductor current ramps down.
The converter allows the high-side MOSFET to turn on
only when the inductor current ramps down to the lowside MOSFET’s current threshold. This cycle repeats until
the short or overload condition is removed.
FPWM/Skip Modes
The MAX16963 features an input (PWM) that puts the
converter either in skip mode for forced PWM (FPWM)
mode of operation. See the Pin Descriptions for mode
detail. In FPWM mode, the converter switches at a constant frequency with variable on-time. In skip mode, the
converter’s switching frequency is load-dependent until
the output load reaches a certain threshold. At higher
load current, the switching frequency does not change
and the operating mode is similar to the FPWM mode.
Skip mode helps improve efficiency in light-load applications by allowing the converters to turn on the highside switch only when the output voltage falls below a
set threshold. As such, the converter does not switch
MOSFETs on and off as often as is the case in the FPWM
mode. Consequently, the gate charge and switching
losses are much lower in skip mode.
Overtemperature Protection
Thermal overload protection limits the total power dissipation in the MAX16963. When the junction temperature
exceeds 165°C (typ), an internal thermal sensor shuts
down the internal bias regulator and the step-down
controller, allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor
Maxim Integrated
Applications Information
The MAX16963 has an adjustable output voltage (see
the Selector Guide for options) that allows the customer
to set the outputs to any voltage between 0.8V and 3.6V.
Connect a resistive divider from output (VOUT_) to OUTS_
to GND to set the output voltage (Figure 2). Select R2
(OUTS_ to GND resistor) less than or equal to 100kI.
Calculate R1 (VOUT_ to OUTS_ resistor) with the following equation:
V
R1 R2 OUT_ − 1
=
VOUTS_
R1× R2
where
≤ 7.5kΩ
R1 + R2
where VOUTS_ = 800mV (see the Electrical Characteristics
table).
The external feedback resistive divider must be frequency
compensated for proper operation. Place a capacitor
across each resistor in the resistive divider network.
Use the following equation to determine the value of the
capacitors:
R2
C1 = 10pF
R1
Connect OUTS_ to VOUT_ for the fixed output-voltage
versions.
Inductor Selection
Three key inductor parameters must be specified for
operation with the MAX16963: inductance value (L),
inductor saturation current (ISAT), and DC resistance
(RDCR). Use the following formulas to determine the minimum inductor value:
VOUT_
3
L MIN1 =
(VIN − VOUT_ ) ×
×
×
×
V
f
V
G
REF
CS
IN OP
where fOP is the operating frequency; this value is 2.2MHz,
unless externally synchronized to a different frequency;
VREF is the reference voltage equal to 1.25V; GCS is the
internal current-sense conductance equal to 0.8.
The next equation ensures that the inductor current down
slope is less than the internal slope compensation. For
9
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
Table 1. Inductor Values vs. (VIN - VOUT)
VIN - VOUT (V)
5.5 to 3.3
5.5 to 2.5
5.5 to 1.5
3.0 to 0.8
INDUCTOR (µH), ILOAD = 1.5A
1.5
1.5
1.0
0.68
this to be the case, the following equation needs to be
satisfied:
m2
−m ≥
2
where m2 is the inductor current down slope:
Input Capacitor
The input filter capacitor reduces peak currents drawn
from the power source and reduces noise and voltage
ripple on the input caused by the circuit’s switching.
The input capacitor RMS current requirement (IRMS) is
defined by the following equation:
VOUT
L
and -m is the slope compensation:
0.8 × VREF
µs × G CS
Solving for L:
L MIN2
= VOUT ×
µs
1.6 × VREF × G CS
The equation that provides the bigger inductor value
must be chosen for proper operation.
L MIN = max(L MIN1, L MIN2 )
Then:
L MAX= 2 × L MIN
The maximum inductor value must not exceed the calculated value from the above formula. This ensures that
the current feedback loop receives the correct amount of
current ripple for proper operation.
Table 1 lists some of the inductor values for 1.5A output
current and several output voltages.
Maxim Integrated
IRMS = ILOAD(MAX)
VOUT_ (VPV_ − VOUT_ )
VPV_
IRMS has a maximum value when the input voltage
equals twice the output voltage (VPV_ = 2VOUT_), so
IRMS(MAX) = ILOAD(MAX)/2.
Choose an input capacitor that exhibits less than +10NC
self-heating temperature rise at the RMS input current for
optimal long-term reliability.
The input-voltage ripple is composed of DVQ (caused
by the capacitor discharge) and DVESR (caused by the
ESR of the capacitor). Use low-ESR ceramic capacitors
with high-ripple current capability at the input. Assume
the contribution from the ESR and capacitor discharge
equal to 50%. Calculate the input capacitance and ESR
required for a specified input voltage ripple using the following equations:
∆VESR
ESRIN =
∆I
I OUT_ + L
2
where:
(VPV_ − VOUT_ ) × VOUT_
∆IL =
VPV_ × fSW × L
and:
VOUT_
I
× D(1 − D)
CIN = OUT_
and D =
VPV_
∆VQ × fSW
where IOUT_ is the maximum output current, and D is the
duty cycle.
10
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
Output Capacitor
The minimum capacitor required depends on output
voltage, maximum device current capability, and the
error-amplifier voltage gain. Use the following formula to
determine the required output capacitor value:
C OUT(MIN) =
=
VREF x GEAMP
2π × fCO × VOUT × R CS
0.8V x 31.7
2π × 210kHz × VOUT × 378mΩ
where fCO is the target crossover frequency equal to
210kHz, GEAMP is the error-amplifier voltage gain equal to
31.7V/V, and RCS is 378mΩ.
PCB Layout Guidelines
Careful PCB layout is critical to achieve low switching
losses and clean, stable operation. Use a multilayer
board whenever possible for better noise immunity and
power dissipation. Follow these guidelines for good PCB
layout:
1) Use a large contiguous copper plane under the
MAX16963 package. Ensure that all heat-dissipating
components have adequate cooling. The bottom
pad of the MAX16963 must be soldered down to
this copper plane for effective heat dissipation and
maximizing the full power out of the MAX16963. Use
multiple vias or a single large via in this plane for
heat dissipation.
2) Isolate the power components and high current path
from the sensitive analog circuitry. This is essential to
prevent any noise coupling into the analog signals.
3) Add small footprint blocking capacitors with low selfresonance frequency close to PV1, PV2, and PV.
4) Keep the high-current paths short, especially at the
ground terminals. This practice is essential for stable,
jitter-free operation. The high current path composed
of input capacitors at PV1 and PV2, inductor, and the
output capacitor should be as short as possible.
5) Keep the power traces and load connections short.
This practice is essential for high efficiency. Use
thick copper PCBs (2oz vs. 1oz) to enhance full-load
efficiency.
6) OUTS_ are sensitive to noise for devices with external
feedback option. The resistive network, R1, R2, and
C1 must be placed close to OUTS_ and far away from
the LX_ node and high switching current paths. The
ground node of R2 must be close to GND.
7) The ground connection for the analog and power
section should be close to the IC. This keeps the
ground current loops to a minimum. In cases where
only one ground is used enough isolation between
analog return signals and high power signals must
be maintained.
Chip Information
PROCESS: BiCMOS
Maxim Integrated
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a
“+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only.
Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the
drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
16 TQFN-EP
T1644+4
21-0139
90-0070
16 TSSOP-EP
U16E+3
21-0108
90-0120
11
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
Selector Guide
ROOT PART
PACKAGE
SUFFIX
OPTION
SUFFIX
ILOAD PER
OUTPUT (A)
MAX16963
MAX16963
MAX16963
MAX16963
MAX16963
MAX16963
MAX16963
RAUE
SAUE
RATE
SATE
SATE
SATE
SATE
A/V+
A/V+
A/V+
A/V+
C/V+
D/V+
F/V+
1.5/1.5
1.5/1.5
1.5/1.5
1.5/1.5
1.5/1.5
1.5/1.5
1.5/1.5
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
Ext.
Ext.
Ext.
Ext.
Ext.
Ext.
Ext.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
SPREAD
SPECTRUM
SYNC IN/
OUT
POWER-GOOD
DELAY (ms)
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
In
In
In
In
Out
In
Out
16
16
16
16
16
8
8
Note: Contact the factory for variants with different output voltage, spread spectrum, and power-good delay time settings.
Ordering Information
TEMP RANGE
LOAD CURRENT CAPABILITY
PER OUTPUT (A)
MAX16963_ATE_/V+
-40°C to +125°C
1.5/1.5
16 TQFN-EP*
MAX16963_AUE_/V+
-40°C to +125°C
1.5/1.5
16 TSSOP-EP*
PART
PIN-PACKAGE
/V denotes an automotive qualified part.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed pad.
Maxim Integrated
12
MAX16963
Dual 2.2MHz, Low-Voltage Step-Down
DC-DC Converter
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE
0
11/12
Initial release
1
9/13
Updated input voltage high min spec and input voltage low max spec, Figure 2,
equation, step 6 in the PCB Layout Guidelines section, and the Ordering Information
2
10/13
Updated Ordering Information and added MAX16963SATE/V+ and PG timing
column to Selector Guide
3
2/14
Added FB regulation voltage to the Electrical Characteristics table, corrected VOUT
mismatch in the Typical Operating Characteristic section, updated Inductor Selection
and Output Capacitor sections, updated Table 2, updated note in the Selector Guide
4
4/14
Updated VPV_ condition for PG_ output low voltage specification
5
7/15
Added formula to equation in the Setting the Output Voltage section, replaced the
Output Capacitor section, and deleted Table 2
DESCRIPTION
PAGES
CHANGED
—
4, 9, 11, 12
12
2, 3, 5,
9, 10, 12
4
9–11
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent
licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and
max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000
© 2015 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
13
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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