APS12625
and APS12626
2
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
-
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
DESCRIPTION
• Flexible and easy-to-use sensor for motors/encoders
• ISO 26262:2011 / ASIL A functional safety compliance
• 2D magnetic sensing via planar and vertical Hall elements
□□ Quadrature independent of magnet pole pitch and air
gap—no target optimization required
□□ Works in almost any orientation to the target (XY, ZX,
and ZY options)
• Reduces accumulation of lost counts/pulses
□□ System can restore correct state after power-cycling
(-P option)
• Dual outputs of quadrature or speed/direction signals
• High magnetic sensitivity
• Optimized for applications with regulated power rails
□□ Operation from 2.8 to 5.5 V
• Automotive grade/qualified per AEC-Q100
□□ TJ up to 175°C
□□ Output short-circuit protection
□□ Resistant to physical stress
• Small size
The APS12625 and APS12626 integrated circuits are dual
ultrasensitive Hall-effect latches optimized for use with ring
magnets. They feature both vertical and planar Hall elements
with sensing axes that are orthogonal to one another, providing
90° of phase separation. This phase separation is inherently
independent of magnet pole spacing and air gap. No target
optimization is required, making them extremely flexible and
easy to use.
For example, the ring magnet pole-pitch can be changed without
having to modify the sensor position or other mechanical design
details. Additionally, XY, ZX, and ZY options are available to
work in almost any orientation to the target. The APS12625
features Speed and Direction outputs, while the APS12626 has
quadrature outputs (Channel A/B).
A unique feature allows the host system to restore the correct
state after power-cycling the device (-P option). This reduces
the potential accumulation of lost counts/pulses when the device
wakes up with one or more sensors in its hysteresis region.
Continued on the next page…
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
• Automotive
• Motorized window
□□ Power closures/actuators
blinds
□□ Electronic power steering
• White goods
□□ Seat/window/sunroof motors
□□ Trunk/door/liftgate motors
• Industrial motors/encoders
• Garage door openers
PACKAGE
5-Pin SOT23-W (Suffix LH)
Not to scale
VDD
Y Hall
Z Hall
POS
Logic
To All
Subcircuits
OUTPUTA
Low-Pass
Filter
Amp
Sample, Hold,
& Averaging
Demultiplexer /
Speed and Direction /
Quadrature Logic
X Hall
Dynamic Offset
Cancellation &
Multiplexer
Power-On
Reset
POS
Logic
OUTPUTB
GND
Functional Block Diagram
APS12625-6-DS, Rev. 4
MCO-0000340
December 2, 2020
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
DESCRIPTION (continued)
On a single silicon chip, these devices include: three Hall plates
(one planar and two vertical), a multiplexer, a small-signal
amplifier, chopper stabilization, a Schmitt trigger, and two NMOS
output transistors which can sink up to 10 mA continuously. They
operate from a regulated supply voltage of 2.8 to 5.5 V and have
been qualified beyond the requirements of AEC-Q100 grade 0 for
operation up to 175°C junction temperature.
The small geometries of the BiCMOS process allow these devices
to be offered in an ultrasmall package. Package designator “LH”
indicates a modified SOT23-W surface-mount package. This
package is RoHS compliant and lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte
tin leadframe plating.
SELECTION GUIDE
Complete Part Number Format
Allegro Iden er (Device Family)
APS
Device Type
1262 X
Output Type
5 – Pin 1, Speed of target movement
Pin 2, Direc�on of target movement
6 – Pin 1, Output from X or Z Hall channel*
Pin 2, Output from Y or X Hall channel*
Configura on Op ons
Speed &
Direc on
Quadrature
APS
APS
12625
-
12626
* Corresponding output signal depends on selected Sensing Axes
Power-on State (POS)
_ – POS is HIGH
P – POS is user se able
Temperature Coefficient (TC)
A – Flat
F – Ferrite
Sensing Axes
RoHS
A – X and Y axis
COMPLIANT
B – Z and X axis
C – Z and Y axis
Instruc ons (Packing)
LT – 7-in. reel, 3,000 pieces/reel (LH Only)
LX – 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel (LH Only)
Package Designa on
LHA – 5-pin SOT23W Surface Mount
Opera ng Temperature Range
L – -40°C to +150°C
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Characteristic
Symbol
Notes
Rating
Unit
6
V
Forward Supply Voltage
VDD
Reverse Supply Voltage
VRDD
–0.3
V
B
Unlimited
G
Output Off Voltage
VOUT
6
V
Output Current
IOUT
Magnetic Flux Density
Maximum Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature
TJ(MAX)
Tstg
Through short-circuit current-limiting device
For 500 hours
45
mA
165
°C
175
°C
–65 to 170
°C
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
2
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS: May require derating at maximum conditions; see application information
Characteristic
Symbol
Notes
Rating
Unit
RθJA
Package LH-5 4-layer board based on the JEDEC standard JESD51-7
124
°C/W
Package Thermal Resistance
Power Dissipation, PD (mW)
* Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website.
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
4-L
ay
er
P
(R CB,
θJ
P
A=
12 ack
4ºC ag
/W e LH
)
-5
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Temperature (°C)
Maximum Power Dissipation versus Ambient Temperature
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955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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3
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
PINOUT DIAGRAMS, TERMINAL LIST, AND OUTPUT OPTION TABLES
+z
OUTPUTA
+y
OUTPUTB
1
2
5
GND
4
GND
3
VDD
Vertical Hall (X)
Vertical Hall (Y)
Planar Hall (Z)
+x
Package LH, 5-Pin SOT23-W
Terminal List Table
Number
Symbol
1
OUTPUTA
See output option table
2
OUTPUTB
See output option table
3
VDD
Connects power supply to chip
4
GND
Ground [1]
5
GND
Ground [1]
[1]
Description
Only one GND connection is required; other GND pin can float or also be
tied to GND.
Output Option Table
Device
APS12625
APS12626
[2]
Order Option [2]
Sensing
Axes
A
XY
B
ZX
OUTPUT A (Pin 1)
OUTPUTB (Pin 2)
Speed of target movement
Direction of target movement
C
ZY
A
XY
X channel output
Y channel output
B
ZX
Z channel output
X channel output
C
ZY
Z channel output
Y channel output
See Selection Guide.
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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4
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and ambient temperature range TA = –40°C to 150°C,
unless otherwise specified
Characteristics
Supply Voltage
Output Leakage Current
Symbol
VDD
IOUTOFF
Test Conditions
Operating, TJ ≤ TJ(max)
Min.
Typ. [1]
Max.
Unit
2.8
–
5.5
V
B < BRP
–
–
10
µA
Output On Voltage
VOUT(SAT)
IOUT = 2 mA, B > BOP
–
180
500
mV
Output Off Voltage
VOUT(OFF)
OUTA and OUTB are open-drain;
application sets output off voltage
–
–
5.5
V
Supply Current
IDD
Output Current
IOUT
Output Sink Current
–
3
4.5
mA
Value used during characterization
–
5
–
mA
–
–
10
mA
VDD = 5.5 V, TJ ≤ TJ(max)
15
–
45
mA
IOUTPUT(SINK)
Output Short-Circuit Current Limit
IOM
Time [2][3]
tr
CLOAD = 20 pF, RLOAD = 820 Ω
–
0.2
–
µs
tf
CLOAD = 20 pF, RLOAD = 820 Ω
–
0.1
–
µs
Both outputs, APS12625
–
150
300
µs
Both outputs, APS12626
–
50
100
µs
100
–
–
µs
Output Rise
Output Fall Time [2][3]
Power-On Time
Power-On State External Input
Power-On State, Output A and B
tON
tPOS_input
Hold time for external POS setting signal,
-P option only; see Figure 10
POS
High
–
Delay Between Direction and
Speed Pin Update
tdir-to-speed
Only valid for APS12625
2.8
4.0
8
µs
Speed Pin Input Low Level
Channel A / B Input Low Level
VIN(LOW)
For APS12625 -P option
For APS12626 -P option
–
–
0.8
V
Speed Pin Input High Level
Channel A / B Input High Level
VIN(HIGH)
For APS12625 -P option
For APS12626 -P option
2.0
–
–
V
Typical data are at TA = 25°C and VDD = 4 V.
Power-on time, rise time, and fall time are guaranteed through device characterization.
[3] C
LOAD = oscilloscope probe capacitance.
[1]
[2]
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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5
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and temperature ranges, unless otherwise specified
Characteristics
Operate Point [3]
Symbol
BOP(A), BOP(B)
Test Conditions
TC = 0
Min.
Typ. [1]
Max.
Unit [2]
TA = –40°C
12
27.8
44
G
TA = 25°C
11
25.0
41
G
TA = 150°C
1
19.7
39
G
1
21
40
G
TA = –40°C
–44
–27.8
–12
G
TA = 25°C
–41
–25.0
–11
G
TA = 150°C
–39
–19.7
–1
G
–40
–21
–1
G
TA = –40°C
38
55.5
72
G
TA = 25°C
35
50.0
66
G
TA = 150°C
25
39.4
54
G
25
42
65
G
TC = 1
Release Point [3]
BRP(A), BRP(B)
TC = 0
TC = 1
Hysteresis (BOP – BRP)
BHYS(A), BHYS(B)
TC = 0
TC = 1
Symmetry: Channel A, Channel B,
BOP(A) + BRP(A), BOP(B) + BRP(B)
BSYM(A), BSYM(B)
–35
–
35
G
Operate Symmetry: BOP(A) – BOP(B)
BSYM(AB,OP)
–15
–
15
G
Release Symmetry: BRP(A) – BRP(B)
BSYM(AB,RP)
–15
–
15
G
TC = 0, APS12625-F, APS12626-F
–
–0.17
–
% / °C
TC = 1, APS12625, APS12626
–
0
–
% / °C
Temperature Coefficient
TC
Typical data are at TA = 25°C and VDD = 4 V.
G (gauss) = 0.1 mT (millitesla)
[3] Applicable to all directions (X, Y, and Z).
[1]
[2] 1
N
S
Z
Y
N
S
X
South polarity magnetic fields, in the orientations
illustrated (right), are considered positive fields.
S
N
Allegro MicroSystems
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6
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Electrical Characteristics
Output On Voltage vs. Temperature
IOUT = 2 mA, B > BOP
Output On Voltage, VOUT(SAT) (mV)
500
450
400
350
300
250
VSAT(A)
200
VSAT(B)
150
100
50
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Supply Current (XY) vs. Supply Voltage
Supply Current (XY) vs. Temperature
4.5
4
4
3.5
3.5
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
4.5
3
2.5
2
2.8 V
1.5
4.0 V
1
5.5 V
2
0
50
100
25°C
1
0
-50
-40°C
1.5
150°C
0.5
0.5
0
3
2.5
150
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
5
5.5
6
4.5
4
4
3.5
3.5
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
4.5
Supply Current (ZX & ZY) vs. Supply Voltage
Supply Current (ZX & ZY) vs. Temperature
4.5
3
2.5
2
2.8 V
1.5
4.0 V
1
5.5 V
3
2.5
2
-40°C
1.5
25°C
1
150°C
0.5
0.5
0
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
100
150
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
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955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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7
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Output Leakage Current vs. Temperature
Output Leakage Current, IOUTOFF (µA)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
IOUTOFF(A)
3
IOUTOFF(B)
2
1
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Output Current Limit vs. Temperature
Output Current Limit, IOM (mA)
45
40
35
30
IOM(A)
25
IOM(B)
20
15
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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8
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
40
35
30
25
20
15
BOP(A)
10
BOP(B)
5
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
40
40
35
35
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
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955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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9
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
BRP(A)
-30
BRP(B)
-35
-40
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
0
-5
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
0
-10
-15
-20
-25
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-30
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-30
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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10
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
80
70
60
50
40
30
BHYS(A)
20
BHYS(B)
10
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
80
70
70
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
80
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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11
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
35
25
25
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
35
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-35
-50
0
50
100
15
5
-5
-25
-35
150
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
25
25
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
35
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
35
-35
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
5
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-25
-35
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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12
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-15
-50
0
50
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
-15
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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13
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
40
35
30
25
20
15
BOP(A)
10
BOP(B)
5
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
40
40
35
35
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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14
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
BRP(A)
-30
BRP(B)
-35
-40
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
0
-5
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
0
-10
-15
-20
-25
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-30
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-30
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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15
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
80
70
60
50
40
30
BHYS(A)
20
BHYS(B)
10
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
80
80
70
70
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
16
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
35
25
25
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
35
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-35
-50
0
50
100
15
5
-5
-25
-35
150
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
25
25
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
35
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
35
-35
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
5
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-25
-35
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
17
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-15
-50
0
50
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
-15
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
18
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
40
35
30
25
20
15
BOP(A)
10
BOP(B)
5
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
40
40
35
35
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
19
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
BRP(A)
-30
BRP(B)
-35
-40
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
0
-5
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
0
-10
-15
-20
-25
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-30
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-30
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
20
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
80
70
60
50
40
30
BHYS(A)
20
BHYS(B)
10
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
80
70
70
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
80
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
0
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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21
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
35
25
25
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
35
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-35
-50
0
50
100
15
5
-5
-25
-35
150
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
25
25
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
35
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
35
-35
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
5
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-25
-35
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
22
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-15
-50
0
50
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
-15
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
23
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
40
35
30
25
20
15
BOP(A)
10
BOP(B)
5
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
40
35
35
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
40
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
30
25
20
15
-40°C
25°C
150°C
10
5
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
24
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
BRP(A)
-30
BRP(B)
-35
-40
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
0
0
-5
-5
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
-10
-15
-20
-25
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-30
-35
-40
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
25
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
80
70
60
50
40
30
BHYS(A)
20
BHYS(B)
10
0
-50
0
50
100
150
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
80
80
70
70
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
5
5.5
6
60
50
40
30
-40°C
25°C
150°C
20
10
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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26
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
35
25
25
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
35
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-35
-50
0
50
100
15
5
-5
-25
-35
150
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
25
25
15
5
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-25
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
35
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
35
-35
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
5
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-25
-35
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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27
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-15
-50
0
50
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
10
5
0
-5
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-10
-50
0
50
Ambient Temperature, TA (°C)
4.5
5
5.5
6
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
15
-15
4
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
100
150
15
10
5
0
-5
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-10
-15
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
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28
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Removal of the magnetic field will leave the device output
latched on if the last crossed switchpoint is BOP, or latched off if
the last crossed switchpoint is BRP.
V+
Switch to High
Outputs
The Speed (SPD) output is the XOR of the output of the two
active Hall elements, providing two times the resolution of a
single channel, while the direction (DIR) output provides the
direction of the target. The direction output, DIR, is always
updated before SPD, according to tdir-to-speed. It is updated on
every transition of either Hall sensor, allowing the use of updown counters without loss of pulses.
QUADRATURE
The APS12626 offers individual outputs of the two active Hall
sensors, referred to here as Channel A and Channel B. The Output
Option Table indicates which Hall sensing element corresponds
to “Channel A” and “Channel B” in each configuration.
B-
BRP
Internal logic circuitry of the APS12625 provides outputs representing the speed and direction of the magnetic field across the
package.
VOUT(ON)
0
BOP
SPEED AND DIRECTION
VOUT(OFF)
Switch to Low
With dual-planar Hall sensors, the ring magnet must be properly
designed and optimized for the physical Hall element spacing
(distance) to have the two channels in quadrature or 90 degrees
out of phase. With the APS12625/6, which uses one planar and
one vertical Hall-effect sensing element, or two vertical Halleffect sensing elements perpendicular to one another, no target
optimization is required. When the face of the IC is facing the
ring magnet, the planar Hall senses the magnet poles and the
vertical Hall senses the transition between poles; therefore, the
two channels will inherently be in quadrature, regardless of the
ring-magnet pole spacing. The same is true in the dual-vertical
Hall configuration, with the vertical Hall element facing the magnet poles sensing the magnet IC poles and the other vertical Hall
element sensing the transitions between poles. The quadrature
relationship allows for the direction signal to be appropriately
updated.
The Channel A and Channel B outputs of the APS12626 switch
low (turn on) when the corresponding Hall element is presented
with a perpendicular south magnetic field of sufficient strength
(>BOP). The device outputs switch high (turn off) when the
strength of a perpendicular north magnetic field exceeds the
release point (BRP). The difference in the magnetic operate and
release points is the hysteresis (BHYS) of the device. See Figure 1.
VOUTPUT
2-Dimensional Sensing
B+
BHYS
Figure 1: Switching Behavior of Latches
On the horizontal axis, the B+ direction indicates increasing
south polarity magnetic field strength, and the B– direction
indicates decreasing south polarity field strength (including
the case of increasing north polarity)
This built-in hysteresis allows clean switching of the output even
in the presence of external mechanical vibration and electrical
noise. The outputs will power-on in the high output state, even
when powering-on in the hysteresis region, between BOP and BRP
for both versions of the device, with and without the power-on
state setting feature.
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
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29
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Operation
With dual-planar Hall sensors, the ring magnet must be properly
designed and optimized for the physical Hall spacing (distance)
for the outputs of the two latches to be in quadrature, or 90
degrees out of phase. With the APS12625 and APS12626, no
target optimization is required. When the face of the IC is facing
the ring magnet, the planar Hall senses the magnet poles and the
vertical Hall senses the transition between poles; therefore, the
two channels will inherently be in quadrature, regardless of the
ring-magnet pole spacing.
Figure 2 shows a ring magnet optimized for the E1-to-E2 spacing
dual
planar
of a dual-planar sensor, resulting in quadrature, or 90 degrees
phase separation between channels. This same target also results
in quadrature for the 2D sensing APS12625/6. However when
a different ring magnet is used which is not optimized for the
E1-to-E2 spacing, the dual-planar sensor exhibits diminished
phase separation, making signal processing the outputs into speed
and direction less robust. Using a different ring-magnet geometry
has no effect on the APS12625/6, and the two channels remain in
quadrature (see Figure 3).
The relationship of the various signals and the typical system timing is shown in Figure 4.
APS12625/6
Dual Planar
Sensor
APS12626
Figure 2: Ring magnet optimized for a dual-planar Hall-effect sensor resulting in output
quadrature also results in quadrature for the APS12625/6.
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
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30
APS12625 and
APS12626
dual
planar
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625/6
Dual Planar
Sensor
APS12626
Figure 3: Ring magnet not optimized for a dual-planar Hall-effect sensor resulting in significantly
reduced output phase separation, however still results in quadrature for the APS12625/6.
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
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31
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Output Response to a
Speed and Direction Part
2
Clockwise Rotation
1
Bx
By
Counterclockwise Rotation
By
Time
(s)
Bx
Vertical
Time
(s)
Planar
3
Bx
APS12626
4
Speed
Time
(s)
tdir-to-speed
Direction
APS12625
Time
(s)
Time
(s)
Figure 4: Typical System Timing
The two active Hall signals represent the magnetic input
signal, which is converted to the device outputs, OUTPUTA
and OUTPUTB, respectively for the Quadrature Output
configuration. If the Speed and Direction option is selected, the
outputs will reflect Direction and Speed. The Direction output
will update before Speed output by tdir-to-speed. Only one case
is shown above; however, the Direction output will indicate
a direction change after any one channel has two consecutive
output transitions without the other channel having any output
transitions.
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
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32
APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Sampling
Cycle
Channel A
Channel B
Channel A
Channel B
Channel A
Channel B
Channel A
Channel B
Channel A
Channel B
t
BOP(A)
0
BRP(A)
t
BOP(B)
0
BRP(B)
t
Signal OUTA
0
t
Signal OUTB
0
Sampling
Cycle
Channel B
t
Channel A
Channel B
Sampling
Cycle
Channel A
Channel B
Channel A
Channel B
Channel A
t
t
BOP(A)
BOP(A)
0
BRP(A)
t
Signal OUTA
0
0
BRP(A)
t
Signal OUTA
t
0
t
Figure 5: Output signal updating with respect to the channel sampling
The two active channels are multiplexed with a typical 20 µs
sampling period per channel. If the magnetic signal crosses the
respective BOP or BRP of a particular channel, that channel’s
output will not be updated until the end of its sampling period.
If the signal crosses the thresholds while the alternate channel
is sampling, the update will occur at the end of the next
sampling period (as long as the signal does not cross back over
the thresholds). This is illustrated in Figure 5. The sampling
error introduced by the multiplexing increases with magnetic
input frequency, which can affect the output duty cycle and
phase separation between outputs. Contact your Allegro field
applications engineer (FAE) for more information regarding
suitability to high frequency applications.
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625/6 Sensor and Relationship to Target
There are no output options for the APS12625; it is always
Speed/Direction. The APS12626 has A/B outputs. Additionally,
each device is available in 3 different sensing configurations,
with X-axis vertical Hall and Y-axis vertical Hall active, with
Z-axis planar Hall and the X-axis vertical Hall active, or with
the Z-axis planar Hall and the Y-axis vertical Hall active. This
offers incredible flexibility for positioning the IC within various
applications.
Axes option B (Z-X) supports having the IC positioned with
the face of the package facing the ring magnet, and the axis of
rotation (Figure 7a) lengthwise along the package body, or with
either of the non-leaded sides of the package facing the ring
magnet (Figure 7b).
Axes option A (X-Y) supports having the IC positioned with the
face of the package in-plane with the ring magnet from either the
leadless (Figure 6a) or leaded (Figure 6b) sides of the package.
Figure 7a
Figure 7b
Axes option C (Z-Y) supports the traditional configuration with
the face of the package facing the ring magnet (Figure 8a), with the
axis of rotation going across the leads, or with either of the leaded
sides of the package facing the ring magnet (Figure 8b).
Figure 6a
Figure 6b
Figure 8a
Figure 7b
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Table 1 : APS12625 Sensor and Relationship to Target
IC and
Relationship to Target
Active Axis Over 360 Clockwise Rotation
Magne�c Field
Target
Clockwise
Counterclockwise
(anticlockwise)
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
Low
High
Low
High
Clockwise XY
1
-1
State of Direction Output
0
90
180
270
360
X-Axis
Y-Axis
270
360
X-Axis
Y-Axis
Degrees of Rota�on
Magne�c Field
XY
Clockwise XY
1
-1
0
90
180
Magne�c FIeld
Degrees of Rota�on
Clockwise ZX
1
-1
0
90
180
270
360
X-Axis
Z-Axis
270
360
X-Axis
Z-Axis
270
360
Degrees of Rota�on
Magne�c Field
ZX
Clockwise ZX
1
-1
0
90
180
Magne�c Field
Degrees of Rota�on
Clockwise ZY
1
-1
0
90
180
Degrees of Rota�on
Magne�c FIeld
ZY
Z-Axis
Y-Axis
0
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Temperature Coefficient and Magnet Selection
The APS12625/6 allows the user to select the magnetic temperature coefficient to compensate for the drift of SmCo and ferrite
magnets over temperature, as indicated in the specifications table
on page 5. This compensation improves the magnetic system
performance over the entire temperature range. For example, the
magnetic field strength from ferrite decreases as the temperature
increases from 25°C to 150°C. This lower magnetic field strength
means that a lower switching threshold is required to maintain
switching at the same distance from the magnet to the sensor.
Correspondingly, higher switching thresholds are required at cold
temperatures, as low as –40°C, due to the higher magnetic field
strength from the ferrite magnet. The APS12625/6 compensate
the switching thresholds over temperature as described above. It
is recommended that system designers evaluate their magnetic
circuit over the expected operating temperature range to ensure
the magnetic switching requirements are met.
For example, the typical ferrite compensation is –0.17%/°C.
With a 25°C temperature BOP switchpoint of 25 G, the
switchpoint changes nominally by –0.17%/°C × 25 × (150°C
– 25°C) = –5.3 G to 25 G – 5.3 G = 19.7 G at 150°C.
And at –40°C, the switchpoint changes by –0.17%/°C ×
25 × (–40°C – 25°C) = 2.8 G to 25 G + 2.8 G = 27.8 G.
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Power-On Sequence and Timing
NON-P OPTION
-P OPTION
The default power-on state has been achieved when the supply
voltage is within the specified operating range (VDD(MIN) ≤ VDD
≤ VDD(MAX)) and the power-on time has elapsed (t > tON). Refer
to Figure 9: Power-On Sequence and Timing for an illustration of
the power-on sequence.
For the –P option device (user/externally set power-on state), the
power-on sequence is similar to the default with the exception
that if either of the outputs have input field in the hysteresis band,
the output state can be externally set low with a low setting pulse.
Output Undefined for
VDD < VDD(MIN)
VOUT(ON)
0
Input Mode
VOUT(SAT )
Output Undefined for
VDD < VDD(MIN)
VOUT(ON)
0
Output Responds According
to Magne�c Field Input
B > BOP or B < BRP
t > tON(MAX)
time
Output Responds According
to Magnetic Field Input
B > BOP or B < BRP
t > tON(MAX)
time
OUTPUT B
OUTPUTB
Output Undefined for V DD < VDD(MIN)
V
POS
VOUT(OFF)
VOUT(OFF)
Output Undefined for V DD < VDD(MIN)
Input Mode
VOUT(SAT )
Output Responds According
to Magne�c Field Input
B > BOP or B < BRP
t > tON(MAX)
time
V
VDD(MIN)
VDD
0
VOUT(OFF)
time
V
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Output Responds According
to Magnetic Field Input
B > BOP or B < BRP
t > tON(MAX)
OUTPUT A
POS
VOUT(OFF)
V
t ON
time
Figure 9: Power-On Sequence and Timing
Once the supply voltage is within the operational range, the
outputs will be in the high state (power-on state), regardless of
the magnetic field. The outputs will remain high until the sensor
is fully powered on (t > tON)—note that the vertical Hall channel
typically responds before the planar Hall channel.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
OUTPUTA
V
V
VDD(MIN)
0
tON
time
tPOS_input
B > BOP or BRP < B < BOP with OUTx pin(s) pulled low during tPOS _input
B < BRP or BRP < B < BOP with OUTx pin(s) not pulled low during tPOS _input
Figure 10: Power-On Sequence and Timing, -P option
If the desired power-on state is high, the user should not input a
power-on state pulse. The outputs will default to the high state
until the device is fully powered on.
If the desired power-on state is low, the user should input a low
output state setting pulse for at least tPOS_input. The output will
switch low after tON if the field level is within the hysteresis band
(BRP < B < BOP). For the APS12625-P, the power-on state can
only be set on the Speed output (OUTPUT A).
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Setting the Power-On State (-P option only)
The power-on state can be set by the host so that when the sensor is being power-cycled for power savings, the outputs can be
restored to the desired state. The start-up flow for quadrature outputs (APS12626) is shown in Figure 11, and the flow for speed
and direction outputs (APS12625) is shown in Figure 12.
APS12626
When the sensor powers on, each channel assumes an output
state based on the input magnetic field present at the time, unless
the field level is within the hysteresis band. In that case (field
within hysteresis band), the output can be forced low externally
Power-On State Setting
Quadrature Speed
Outputs
Conditions:
- The sensor supply was turned off
- Before turning off the sensor
supply, the micro-controller stored
the state of Channel A and/or B
- The motor has not moved while
the sensor was turned off
during the time where no conclusive field is seen by the sensor.
The forcing signal needs to be provided for more than 100 µs, the
minimum Power-On State External Input time (tPOS_input). The
state of each channel will be copied by the sensor.
This allows setting a wake-up state that is consistent with the
shutdown state, thus avoiding errors in the total pulse count. If
the target starts moving before t > tPOS_input, the desired wake-up
state may not be correctly set. The sensor will exit POS mode
once either of the output channels has an output transition (i.e.
sufficient target movement).
Channels A and B are set independently of one another.
Start
Pull down Channel A and/or
Channel B if power-down
state was low externally
Turn on sensor supply
After VDD > VDD(min), wait
minimum (tON + tPOS_input)
seconds
Stop pulling down Channel
A and/or Channel B
Wait until the lines have settled
(e.g. 5 × RC of pull-up resistor and
line capacitance)
Start monitoring Channel A/B
Start motor
Figure 11: Output setting at power-on, dual quadrature outputs (APS12626)
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625
For the Speed and Direction option (APS12625), when the sensor
powers-on, the Speed output is set as A XOR B, and Direction is
in the high state until a transition on internal channels A or B has
been seen.
If one of the channels wakes up with the magnetic input field in
the hysteresis band, then it is possible to set the speed pin value
Power-On State Setting
Speed and Direction
Outputs
Conditions:
- The sensor supply was turned off
- Before turning off the sensor
supply, the micro-controller stored
the state of the SPEED channel
- The motor has not moved while
the sensor was turned off
to be consistent with the state at shutdown. A default value of
high will be assumed by the sensor, unless a low state-setting
pulse is seen during tPOS_input. If the target starts moving before
t > tPOS_input, the desired wake-up state may not be correctly set.
The forcing signal needs to be provided for more than 100 µs, the
minimum Power-On State External Input time (tPOS_input). The
sensor will exit POS mode once either of the output channels has
an output transition (i.e. sufficient target movement).
Start
Pull down SPEED Channel if
power-down state was low
Turn on sensor supply
After VDD > VDD(min), wait
minimum (tON + tPOS_input)
seconds
Stop pulling down
SPEED Channel
Wait until the lines have settled
(e.g. 5 × RC of pull-up resistor and
line capacitance)
Start monitoring SPEED
transitions with DIRECTION
Start motor
Figure 12: Output setting at power-on, Speed and Direction (APS12625)
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Functional Safety
Applications
The APS12625/6 was designed in accordance
2
with the international standard for automotive
functional safety, ISO 26262:2011. This
product achieves an ASIL (Automotive Safety
Integrity Level) rating of ASIL A according to the standard.
The APS12625/6 is classified as a SEOoC (Safety Element
Out of Context) and can be easily integrated into safetycritical systems requiring higher ASIL ratings that incorporate
external diagnostics or use measures such as redundancy.
Safety documentation will be provided to support and guide
the integration process. Contact your local FAE for A2-SIL™
documentation: www.allegromicro.com/ASIL.
-
The APS12625/6 has internal diagnostics to check the voltage
supply (an undervoltage lockout regulator).
An external bypass capacitor must be connected (in close proximity to the Hall sensor) between the supply and ground of the
device to guarantee correct performance and to reduce noise from
internal circuitry. As shown in Figure 13, a 0.1 µF capacitor is
typical. If the application requires additional EMC protection,
additional components are suggested in gray in the same figure.
Extensive applications information on magnets and Hall-effect
sensors is available in:
• Hall-Effect IC Applications Guide, AN27701,
• Hall-Effect Devices: Guidelines for Designing Subassemblies
Using Hall-Effect Devices, AN27703.1
• Soldering Methods for Allegro’s Products – SMD and
Through-Hole, AN26009
• Air-Gap-Independent Speed and Direction Sensing Using the
Allegro A1262, AN296124
• Improved Speed and Direction Sensing Using Vertical Hall
Technology, AN296130
All are provided on the Allegro website:
www.allegromicro.com
VS
RSERIES*
100 Ω
VDD
CBYP
0.1 µF
APS12625/6
RLOAD
RLOAD
Sensor
Outputs
OUTPUTA
OUTPUTB
COUT*
4.7 nF
GND
GND
* Optional components for enhanced EMC protection.
Figure 13: Typical Application Circuit
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Chopper Stabilization Technique
When using Hall-effect technology, a limiting factor for
switchpoint accuracy is the small signal voltage developed across
the Hall element. This voltage is disproportionally small relative
to the offset that can be produced at the output of the Hall sensor
IC. This makes it difficult to process the signal while maintaining an accurate, reliable output over the specified operating
temperature and voltage ranges. Chopper stabilization is a proven
approach used to minimize Hall offset on the chip.
The Allegro technique, namely Dynamic Quadrature Offset
Cancellation, removes key sources of the output drift induced by
thermal and mechanical stresses. This offset reduction technique
is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. The undesired offset signal is separated from the magnetic field-induced
signal in the frequency domain through modulation.
The chopper stabilization technique uses a high frequency clock,
generally at hundreds of kilohertz. A sample-and-hold technique
is used for demodulation, where the sampling is performed at
twice the chopper frequency. This high-frequency operation
allows a greater sampling rate, which results in higher accuracy
and faster signal-processing capability. This approach desensitizes the chip to the effects of thermal and mechanical stresses,
and produces devices that have extremely stable quiescent Hall
output voltages and precise recoverability after temperature
cycling. This technique is made possible through the use of a
BiCMOS process, which allows the use of low-offset, low-noise
amplifiers in combination with high-density logic integration and
sample-and-hold circuits.
The subsequent demodulation acts as a modulation process for
the offset, causing the magnetic-field-induced signal to recover
its original spectrum at base band, while the DC offset becomes a
high-frequency signal. The magnetic signal then can pass through
a low-pass filter, while the modulated DC offset is suppressed.
Clock/Logic
Low-Pass
Filter
Hall
Element
Amp.
Sample and Hold
Figure 14: Model of Chopper Stabilization Technique
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
POWER DERATING
The device must be operated below the maximum junction
temperature of the device, TJ(max). Under certain combinations of
peak conditions, reliable operation may require derating supplied
power or improving the heat dissipation properties of the application. This section presents a procedure for correlating factors
affecting operating TJ. (Thermal data is also available on the
Allegro MicroSystems website.)
The Package Thermal Resistance (RθJA) is a figure of merit summarizing the ability of the application and the device to dissipate
heat from the junction (die), through all paths to the ambient air.
Its primary component is the Effective Thermal Conductivity (K)
of the printed circuit board, including adjacent devices and traces.
Radiation from the die through the device case (RθJC) is relatively
small component of RθJA. Ambient air temperature (TA) and air
motion are significant external factors, damped by overmolding.
The effect of varying power levels (Power Dissipation, PD), can
be estimated. The following formulas represent the fundamental
relationships used to estimate TJ at PD.
A worst-case estimate (PD(max)) represents the maximum allowable power level (VDD(max), IDD(max)), without exceeding TJ(max),
at a selected RθJA and TA.
Example: Reliability for VDD at TA = 150°C, package LH-5,
using low-K PCB.
Observe the worst-case ratings for the device, specifically:
RθJA = 124°C/W, TJ(max) = 165°C, VDD(max) = 5.5 V, and
IDD(max) = 4.5 mA.
Calculate the maximum allowable power level (PD(max)). First,
invert equation 3:
∆Tmax = TJ(max) – TA = 165°C – 150°C = 15°C
This provides the allowable increase to TJ resulting from internal
power dissipation. Then, invert equation 2:
PD(max) = ∆Tmax ÷ RθJA = 15°C ÷ 124°C/W = 121 mW
Finally, invert equation 1 with respect to voltage:
PD = VIN × IIN
(1)
VDD(est) = PD(max) ÷ IDD(max)
∆T = PD × RθJA (2)
VDD(est) = 121 mW ÷ 4.5 mA
TJ = TA + ∆T
(3)
For example, given common conditions such as: TA = 25°C,
VDD = 5 V, IDD = 3 mA, and RθJA = 124°C/W for the LH-5 package, then:
PD = VDD × IDD = 5 V × 3 mA = 15 mW
∆T = PD × RθJA = 15 mW × 124°C/W = 1.9°C
VDD(est) = 26.9 V
The result indicates that, at TA, the application and device can
dissipate adequate amounts of heat at voltages ≤ VDD(est).
Compare VDD(est) to VDD(max). If VDD(est) ≤ VDD(max), then reliable operation between VDD(est) and VDD(max) requires enhanced
RθJA. If VDD(est) ≥ VDD(max), then operation between VDD(est) and
VDD(max) is reliable under these conditions.
TJ = TA + ∆T = 25°C + 1.9°C = 26.9°C
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWING
For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use
(Reference DWG-0000628)
Dimensions in millimeters – NOT TO SCALE
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
AX
+0.12
2.98
–0.08
D
0.11
REF
2.90
4° ±4°
AZ
AY
5
+0.020
0.180
–0.053
D1 D
D1 D
+0.10
–0.20
1.91
+0.19
–0.06
D3 D
D D2
1
0.17
D REF
2
D2 D
0.25 MIN
D D3
0.55
REF
D3 D
0.25 BSC
Branded Face
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
8 × 10° ±5°
1.00 ±0.13
D D2
+0.10
0.05
–0.05
0.40 ±0.10
0.95
BSC
D1 D
0.20 MIN
NNN
C
2.40
Standard Branding Reference View
AX Active Area Distance, X Axis, 0.955 nominally. AX is measured from the edge of the package
to the sensitive element; therefore, the tolerances are reflected in the body width dimension.
AY Active Area Distance, Y Axis, 1.49 nominally. AY is measured from the edge of the package
to the sensitive element; therefore, the tolerances are reflected in the body length dimension.
AZ Active Area Depth, Z Axis, 0.28 ±0.04
1.00
0.70
B
0.95
PCB Reference Layout View
B
Reference land pattern layout; all pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads;
adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances
(reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5).
C
Branding Scale and appearance at supplier discretion
D
Hall Elements (D1, D2, and D3), not to scale
Figure 15: Package LH, 5-Pin SOT23-W
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APS12625 and
APS12626
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
Revision History
Number
Date
Description
–
November 15, 2017
Initial release
1
December 19, 2018
Updated Figure 10 and other minor editorial updates
2
January 9, 2020
3
November 2, 2020
Updated Selection Guide (page 2), Pinout Diagram (page 4), Figures 7 and 8 (page 34), Table 1 (page
35), and Package Outline Drawing active area depth (page 43).
4
December 2, 2020
Corrected Pinout Diagram (page 4); updated magnetic orientation diagram (page 6) and Package
Outline Drawing dimensions and active area distances (page 43).
Minor editorial updates
Copyright 2020, Allegro MicroSystems.
Allegro MicroSystems reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit
improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the
information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in any devices or systems, including but not limited to life support devices or systems, in which a failure of
Allegro’s product can reasonably be expected to cause bodily harm.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems assumes no responsibility for its use; nor
for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
Copies of this document are considered uncontrolled documents.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
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