`
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Hybrid Coupler
3 dB, 90
PRELIMINARY
Description
The X3C07F1-03S is a low profile, high performance 3dB hybrid coupler in a
new easy to use, manufacturing friendly surface mount package. It is
designed for AMPS, GSM, WCDMA and LTE band applications. The
X3C07F1-03S is designed particularly for balanced power and low noise
amplifiers, plus signal distribution and other applications where low insertion
loss and tight amplitude and phase balance is required. It can be used in
high power applications up to 25 watts.
Parts have been subjected to rigorous qualification testing and they are
manufactured using materials with coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE)
compatible with common substrates such as FR4, G-10, RF-35, RO4003 and
polyimide. Produced with 6 of 6 RoHS compliant tin immersion finish.
Electrical Specifications **
Features:
600-1000 MHz
AMPS, GSM, WCDMA & LTE
High Power
Very Low Loss
Tight Amplitude Balance
High Isolation
Production Friendly
Tape and Reel
Lead-Free
Frequency
Isolation
Insertion
Loss
VSWR
Amplitude
Balance
MHz
dB Min
dB Max
Max : 1
700-1000
600-900
695-805
731-881
758-960
23
23
26
26
23
0.25
0.17
0.15
0.17
0.25
1.15
1.15
1.12
1.12
1.15
Group Delay
Phase
Power
ns
Degrees
Avg. CW Watts
at 95º C
ºC/Watt
ºC
0.24 ± 0.04
0.24 ± 0.04
0.24 ± 0.04
0.24 ± 0.04
0.24 ± 0.04
90 ± 4.0
90 ± 3.0
90 ± 4.0
90 ± 4.0
90 ± 4.0
25
25
25
25
25
45.6
45.6
45.6
45.6
45.6
-55 to +140
-55 to +140
-55 to +140
-55 to +140
-55 to +140
JC
dB Max
± 0.60
± 0.70
± 0.35
± 0.50
± 0.45
Operating
Temp.
**Specification based on performance of unit properly installed on Anaren Test Board with small signal applied.
Specifications subject to change without notice. Refer to parameter definitions for details.
Mechanical Outline
X3C
07F1-03S
RR CC
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Hybrid Coupler Pin Configuration
The X3C07F1-03S has an orientation marker to denote Pin 1. Once port one has been identified the other ports
are known
automatically. Please see the chart below for clarification:
Configuration
Splitter
Splitter
Splitter
Splitter
Pin 1
Input
Isolated
Pin 2
Isolated
Input
-3dB 90
-3dB
-3dB
-3dB 90
*Combiner
*Combiner
*Combiner
*Combiner
A 90
A
Isolated
Output
A
A 90
Output
Isolated
Pin 3
-3dB 90
-3dB
Input
Isolated
Pin 4
-3dB
-3dB 90
Isolated
Input
Isolated
Output
Output
Isolated
A 90
A
A
A 90
*Notes: “A” is the amplitude of the applied signals. When two quadrature signals with equal amplitudes are
applied to the coupler as described in the table, they will combine at the output port. If the amplitudes are not
equal, some of the applied energy will be directed to the isolated port.
The actual phase, , or amplitude at a given frequency for all ports, can be seen in our de-embedded sparameters, that can be downloaded at www.anaren.com.
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`
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
PRELIMINARY
Insertion Loss and Power Derating Curves
Insertion Loss Derating:
Power Derating:
The insertion loss, at a given frequency, of a group of
couplers is measured at 25C and then averaged. The
measurements are performed under small signal
conditions (i.e. using a Vector Network Analyzer). The
process is repeated at 85C and 150C. A best-fit line
for the measured data is computed and then plotted
from -55C to 150C.
The power handling and corresponding power derating
plots are a function of the thermal resistance, mounting
surface temperature (base plate temperature),
maximum continuous operating temperature of the
coupler, and the thermal insertion loss. The thermal
insertion loss is defined in the Power Handling section of
the data sheet.
As the mounting interface temperature approaches the
maximum continuous operating temperature, the power
handling decreases to zero.
If mounting temperature is greater than 95C, Xinger
coupler will perform reliably as long as the input power
is derated to the curve above.
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Typical Performance (-55°C , 25°C, 105°C, 140°C)
Return Loss for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 2)
Return Loss for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 1)
0
0
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
-10
Return Loss (dB)
Return Loss (dB)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-20
-30
-40
-50
500
600
700
800
900
Frequency (MHz)
1000
-50
500
1100
Return Loss for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 3)
700
800
900
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1100
0
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
-20
-30
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
-10
Return Loss (dB)
-10
600
Return Loss for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 4)
0
Return Loss (dB)
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
-20
-30
-40
-40
-50
500
600
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800
900
Frequency (MHz)
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1000
1100
-50
500
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Manufacturing.
600
700
800
900
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1100
`
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Typical Performance (-55°C , 25°C, 105°C, 140°C)
PRELIMINARY
Coupling for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 1)
Isolation for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 1)
-2.7
0
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
-2.8
-2.9
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
-10
-3
Isolation (dB)
Coupling (dB)
-3.1
-3.2
-3.3
-20
-30
-3.4
-3.5
-40
-3.6
-3.7
-3.8
500
600
700
800
900
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1100
-50
500
600
700
800
900
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1100
Phase Balance for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 1)
Insertion Loss for X3C07F1-03S (Feeding Port 1)
0
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
-0.1
-55ºC
25ºC
95ºC
140ºC
4
Phase Balance (deg)
Insertion Loss (dB)
2
-0.2
-0.3
0
-2
-0.4
-4
-0.5
500
600
700
800
900
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1100
500
600
700
800
900
Frequency (MHz)
1000
Definition of Measured Specifications
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1100
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Parameter
Definition
VSWR
(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
The impedance match of
the coupler to a 50
system. A VSWR of 1:1 is
optimal.
Return Loss
Insertion Loss
Isolation
Phase Balance
The impedance match of
the coupler to a 50
system. Return Loss is an
alternate means to express
VSWR.
The input power divided by
the sum of the power at the
two output ports.
The input power divided by
the power at the isolated
port.
The difference in phase
angle between the two
output ports.
Amplitude Balance
The power at each output
divided by the average
power of the two outputs.
Group Delay
Group delay is average of
group delay’s from input
port to the coupled port
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Mathematical Representation
VSWR =
Vmax
Vmin
Vmax = voltage maxima of a standing wave
Vmin = voltage minima of a standing wave
Return Loss (dB)= 20log
VSWR 1
VSWR - 1
Insertion Loss(dB)= 10log
Pin
Pcpl Pdirect
Isolation(dB)= 10log
Pin
Piso
Phase at coupled port – Phase at direct port
10log
Pdirect
Pcpl
and 10log
Pcpl Pdirect
Pcpl Pdirect
2
2
Average ( GD-C)
`
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Notes on RF Testing and Circuit Layout
PRELIMINARY
The X3C07F1-03S Surface Mount Couplers require the use of a test fixture for verification of RF performance. This test
fixture is designed to evaluate the coupler in the same environment that is recommended for installation. Enclosed inside
the test fixture, is a circuit board that is fabricated using the recommended footprint. The part being tested is placed into the
test fixture and pressure is applied to the top of the device using a pneumatic piston. A four port Vector Network Analyzer is
connected to the fixture and is used to measure the S-parameters of the part. Worst case values for each parameter are
found and compared to the specification. These worst case values are reported to the test equipment operator along with a
Pass or Fail flag. See the illustrations below.
2dB, 3 dB and 5dB
Test Board
Test Board
In Fixture
Test Station
Test Board
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Rev D
The effects of the test fixture on the measured data must be minimized in order to accurately determine the performance of
the device under test. If the line impedance is anything other than 50 and/or there is a discontinuity at the microstrip to
SMA interface, there will be errors in the data for the device under test. The test environment can never be “perfect”, but the
procedure used to build and evaluate the test boards (outlined below) demonstrates an attempt to minimize the errors
associated with testing these devices. The lower the signal level that is being measured, the more impact the fixture errors
will have on the data. Parameters such as Return Loss and Isolation/Directivity, which are specified as low as 27dB and
typically measure at much lower levels, will present the greatest measurement challenge.
The test fixture errors introduce an uncertainty to the measured data. Fixture errors can make the performance of the device
under test look better or worse than it actually is. For example, if a device has a known return loss of 30dB and a
discontinuity with a magnitude of –35dB is introduced into the measurement path, the new measured Return Loss data
could read anywhere between –26dB and –37dB. This same discontinuity could introduce an insertion phase error of up to
1.
There are different techniques used throughout the industry to minimize the affects of the test fixture on the measurement
data. Anaren uses the following design and de-embedding criteria:
Test boards have been designed and parameters specified to provide trace impedances of 50 1.
Furthermore, discontinuities at the SMA to microstrip interface are required to be less than –35dB and
insertion phase errors (due to differences in the connector interface discontinuities and the electrical
line length) should be less than 0.50 from the median value of the four paths.
A “Thru” circuit board is built. This is a two port, microstrip board that uses the same SMA to microstrip
interface and has the same total length (insertion phase) as the actual test board. The “Thru” board
must meet the same stringent requirements as the test board. The insertion loss and insertion phase
of the “Thru” board are measured and stored. This data is used to completely de-embed the device
under test from the test fixture. The de-embedded data is available in S-parameter form on the Anaren
website (www.anaren.com).
Note: The S-parameter files that are available on the anaren.com website include data for frequencies that are outside of
the specified band. It is important to note that the test fixture is designed for optimum performance through 2.3GHz. Some
degradation in the test fixture performance will occur above this frequency and connector interface discontinuities of –25dB
or more can be expected. This larger discontinuity will affect the data at frequencies above 2.3GHz.
Circuit Board Layout
The dimensions for the Anaren test board are shown below. The test board is printed on Rogers RO4350 material that is
0.020” thick. Consider the case when a different material is used. First, the pad size must remain the same to accommodate
the part. But, if the material thickness or dielectric constant (or both) changes, the reactance at the interface to the coupler
will also change. Second, the linewidth required for 50 will be different and this will introduce a step in the line at the pad
where the coupler interfaces with the printed microstrip trace. Both of these conditions will affect the performance of the
part. To achieve the specified performance, serious attention must be given to the design and layout of the circuit
environment in which this component will be used.
If a different circuit board material is used, an attempt should be made to achieve the same interface pad reactance that is
present on the Anaren RO4350 test board. When thinner circuit board material is used, the ground plane will be closer to
the pad yielding more capacitance for the same size interface pad. The same is true if the dielectric constant of the circuit
board material is higher than is used on the Anaren test board. In both of these cases, narrowing the line before the
interface pad will introduce a series inductance, which, when properly tuned, will compensate for the extra capacitive
reactance. If a thicker circuit board or one with a lower dielectric constant is used,
the interface pad will have less capacitive reactance than the Anaren test board. In this case, a wider section of line before
the interface pad (or a larger interface pad) will introduce a shunt capacitance and when properly tuned will match the
performance of the Anaren test board.
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Notice that the board layout for the 2dB, 3dB , 4dB and 5dB couplers is different
PRELIMINARY
from that of the 10dB and 20dB couplers. The test board for the 2 to 5dB couplers has all four traces interfacing
with the
coupler at the same angle. The test board for the 10dB and 20dB couplers has two traces approaching at one angle and the
other two traces at a different angle. The entry angle of the traces has a significant impact on the RF performance and
these parts have been optimized for the layout used on the test boards shown below.
.025 TYP
4x .040
69772-PFHX_A
(1.930)
2x .065
Ø.015
THRU HOLE
.140
(2.290)
2dB- 5dB Coupler Test Board
Testing Sample Parts Supplied on Anaren Test Boards
If you have received a coupler installed on an Anaren produced microstrip test board, please remember to remove the loss
of the test board from the measured data. The loss is small enough that it is not of concern for Return Loss and
Isolation/Directivity, but it should certainly be considered when measuring coupling and calculating the insertion loss of the
coupler. An S-parameter file for a “Thru” board (see description of “Thru” board above) will be supplied upon request. As a
first order approximation, one should consider the following loss estimates:
Frequency Band
869-894 MHz
925-960 MHz
1805-1880 MHz
1930-1990 MHz
2110-2170 MHz
2000-2500 MHz
2500-3000 MHz
3000-3500 MHz
3500-4000 MHz
Avg. Ins. Loss of Test Board @ 25C
~0.092dB
~0.095dB
~0.166dB
~0.170dB
~0.186dB
~0.208dB
~0.240dB
~0.270dB
~0.312dB
It is important to note that the loss of the test board will change with temperature and must be considered if the coupler is to
be evaluated at other temperatures.
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Peak Power Handling
High-Pot testing of these couplers during the qualification procedure resulted in a minimum breakdown voltage of 1.37Kv
(minimum recorded value). This voltage level corresponds to a breakdown resistance capable of handling at least 12dB
peaks over average power levels, for very short durations. The breakdown location consistently occurred across the air
interface at the coupler contact pads (see illustration below). The breakdown levels at these points will be affected by any
contamination in the gap area around these pads. These areas must be kept clean for optimum performance. It is
recommended that the user test for voltage breakdown under the maximum operating conditions and over worst case
modulation induced power peaking. This evaluation should also include extreme environmental conditions (such as high
humidity).
Orientation Marker
A printed circular feature appears on the top surface of the coupler to designate Pin 1. This orientation marker is not
intended to limit the use of the symmetry that these couplers exhibit but rather to facilitate consistent placement of these
parts into the tape and reel package. This ensures that the components are always delivered with the same orientation.
Refer to the table on page 2 of the data sheet for allowable pin configurations.
Test Plan
Xinger couplers are manufactured in large panels and then separated. All parts are RF small signal tested and DC tested
for shorts/opens at room temperature in the fixture described above . (See “Qualification Flow Chart” section for details on
the accelerated life test procedures.)
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Power Handling
PRELIMINARY
The average power handling (total input power) of a Xinger coupler is a function of:
Internal circuit temperature.
Unit mounting interface temperature.
Unit thermal resistance
Power dissipated within the unit.
All thermal calculations are based on the following assumptions:
The unit has reached a steady state operating condition.
Maximum mounting interface temperature is 95oC.
Conduction Heat Transfer through the mounting interface.
No Convection Heat Transfer.
No Radiation Heat Transfer.
The material properties are constant over the operating temperature range.
Finite element simulations are made for each unit. The simulation results are used to calculate the unit thermal resistance.
The finite element simulation requires the following inputs:
Unit material stack-up.
Material properties.
Circuit geometry.
Mounting interface temperature.
Thermal load (dissipated power).
The classical definition for dissipated power is temperature delta ( T) divided by thermal resistance (R). The dissipated
power (Pdis) can also be calculated as a function of the total input power (P in) and the thermal insertion loss (ILtherm):
ILtherm
T
Pdis
Pin 1 10 10
R
(W )
(1)
Power flow and nomenclature for an “X” style coupler is shown in Figure 1.
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
PIn
Input Port
POut(RL)
POut(ISO)
Isolated Port
Pin 1
Coupled Port Pin 4
Direct Port
POut(CPL)
POut(DC)
Figure 1
The coupler is excited at the input port with Pin (watts) of power. Assuming the coupler is not ideal, and that there are no
radiation losses, power will exit the coupler at all four ports. Symbolically written, Pout(RL) is the power that is returned to the
source because of impedance mismatch, Pout(ISO) is the power at the isolated port, Pout(CPL) is the power at the coupled port,
and Pout(DC) is the power at the direct port.
At Anaren, insertion loss is defined as the log of the input power divided by the sum of the power at the coupled and direct
ports:
Note: in this document, insertion loss is taken to be a positive number. In many places, insertion loss is written as a
negative number. Obviously, a mere sign change equates the two quantities.
Pin
IL 10 log 10
P
out ( CPL ) Pout ( DC )
(dB)
(2)
In terms of S-parameters, IL can be computed as follows:
2
2
IL 10 log 10 S31 S41
(dB)
(3)
We notice that this insertion loss value includes the power lost because of return loss as well as power lost to the isolated
port.
For thermal calculations, we are only interested in the power lost “inside” the coupler. Since P out(RL) is lost in the source
termination and Pout(ISO) is lost in an external termination, they are not be included in the insertion loss for thermal
calculations. Therefore, we define a new insertion loss value solely to be used for thermal calculations:
ILtherm
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(dB)
(4)
`
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
In terms of S-parameters, ILtherm can be computed as follows:
PRELIMINARY
2
2
2
2
ILtherm 10 log 10 S11 S 21 S31 S 41
(dB)
(5)
The thermal resistance and power dissipated within the unit are then used to calculate the average total input power of the
unit. The average total steady state input power (Pin) therefore is:
Pin
Pdis
ILtherm
1 10 10
T
R
ILtherm
1 10 10
(W )
(6)
Where the temperature delta is the circuit temperature (T circ) minus the mounting interface temperature (T mnt):
T Tcirc Tmnt
( oC )
(7)
The maximum allowable circuit temperature is defined by the properties of the materials used to construct the unit. Multiple
material combinations and bonding techniques are used within the Xinger product family to optimize RF performance.
Consequently the maximum allowable circuit temperature varies. Please note that the circuit temperature is not a function
of the Xinger case (top surface) temperature. Therefore, the case temperature cannot be used as a boundary condition for
power handling calculations.
Due to the numerous board materials and mounting configurations used in specific customer configurations, it is the end
users responsibility to ensure that the Xinger coupler mounting interface temperature is maintained within the limits defined
on the power derating plots for the required average power handling. Additionally appropriate solder composition is
required to prevent reflow or fatigue failure at the RF ports. Finally, reliability is improved when the mounting interface and
RF port temperatures are kept to a minimum.
The power-derating curve illustrates how changes in the mounting interface temperature result in converse changes of the
power handling of the coupler.
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Mounting
Coupler Mounting Process
In order for Xinger surface mount couplers to work
optimally, there must be 50Ω transmission lines leading
to and from all of the RF ports. Also, there must be a
very good ground plane underneath the part to ensure
proper electrical performance. If either of these two
conditions is not satisfied, electrical performance may not
meet published specifications.
The process for assembling this component is a
conventional surface mount process as shown in Figure
1. This process is conducive to both low and high volume
usage.
Overall ground is improved if a dense population of
plated through holes connect the top and bottom ground
layers of the PCB. This minimizes ground inductance
and improves ground continuity. All of the Xinger hybrid
and directional couplers are constructed from ceramic
filled PTFE composites which possess excellent electrical
and mechanical stability having X and Y thermal
coefficient of expansion (CTE) of 17-25 ppm/oC.
When a surface mount hybrid coupler is mounted to a
printed circuit board, the primary concerns are; ensuring
the RF pads of the device are in contact with the circuit
trace of the PCB and insuring the ground plane of neither
the component nor the PCB is in contact with the RF
signal.
Mounting Footprint
To ensure proper electrical and thermal
performance there must be a ground plane with
100% solder connection underneath the part
orientated as shown with text facing up.
Figure 1: Surface Mounting Process Steps
Storage of Components: The Xinger products are
available in an immersion tin finish. IPC storage
conditions used to control oxidation should be followed
for these surface mount components.
Substrate: Depending upon the particular component,
the circuit material has an x and y coefficient of thermal
expansion of between 17 and 25 ppm/°C. This coefficient
minimizes solder joint stresses due to similar expansion
rates of most commonly used board substrates such as
RF35, RO4003, FR4, polyimide and G-10 materials.
Mounting to “hard” substrates (alumina etc.) is possible
depending upon operational temperature requirements.
The solder surfaces of the coupler are all copper plated
with either an immersion tin or tin-lead exterior finish.
Solder Paste: All conventional solder paste formulations
will work well with Anaren’s Xinger surface mount
components. Solder paste can be applied with stencils or
syringe dispensers. An example of a stenciled solder
paste deposit is shown in Figure 2. As shown in the
figure solder paste is applied to the four RF pads and the
entire ground plane underneath the body of the part.
X3C
XXFX-XXS
RR CC
4x .015
[0.38]
4x .065
[1.65]
4x .039
[0.98]
4x 50
Transmission
Line
.140
[3.56]
Multiple Plated
Thru Holes
To Ground
Dimensions are in Inches [Millimeters]
X3CXXFX-XXS Mounting Footprint
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
PRELIMINARY
Reflow: The surface mount coupler is conducive to most of
today’s conventional reflow methods. A low and high
temperature thermal reflow profile are shown in Figures 5
and 6, respectively. Manual soldering of these components
can be done with conventional surface mount non-contact
hot air soldering tools. Board pre-heating is highly
recommended for these selective hot air soldering
methods. Manual soldering with conventional irons should
be avoided.
Figure 2: Solder Paste Application
Coupler Positioning: The surface mount coupler can
be placed manually or with automatic pick and place
mechanisms. Couplers should be placed (see Figure 3
and 4) onto wet paste with common surface mount
techniques and parameters. Pick and place systems
must supply adequate vacuum to hold a 0.073 gram
coupler.
Figure 3: Component Placement
Figure 4: Mounting Features Example
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Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Figure 5 – Low Temperature Solder Reflow Thermal Profile
Figure 6 – High Temperature Solder Reflow Thermal Profile
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Europe:
(315) 432-8909
(800) 411-6596
+44 2392-232392
Available on Tape and
Reel for Pick and Place
Manufacturing.
`
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Qualification Flow Chart
PRELIMINARY
Visual Inspection
n=45
Automated TT&R Operation
n=45
Solderability Test
n=5
Visual Inspection
n=45
Mechanical Inspection
n=40
Initial RF Test
n=40
Solder Units to Test Board
n=20
Post Solder Visual Inspection
n=20
Initial RF Test Board Mounted
Over Temp
n=20
Thermal Shock
n=40
Visual Inspection
n=40
Post Shock RF Test
n=40
Moisture Resistance
n=40
Reflow /Resistance to
Solder Heat
n=20 (loose)
Bake Units
n=40
Visual Inspection
n=40
RF Test
n = 20 (loose), n = 20
(mounted over temp)
Micro section
n = 1 loose control, n = 1
mounted control, n = 3
board mounted, n = 3
loose
Life Test
n=3
Voltage Breakdown
n=10
Final RF Test
n=3
Visual Inspection
n=10
Micro section
n=2
RF Test
n=10
Available on Tape
and Reel for Pick and
Place Manufacturing.
USA/Canada:
Toll Free:
Europe:
(315) 432-8909
(800) 411-6596
+44 2392-232392
Model X3C07F1-03S
Rev D
Packaging and Ordering Information
Parts are available in reels. Packaging follows EIA 481-D for reels. Parts are oriented in tape and reel as shown
below. Tape and reel is available in 4000 pcs per reel.
.079
[2.00]
Ø.059
[Ø1.50]
A
.012
[0.30]
A
SECTION A-A
Dimensions are in Inches [Millimeters]
ØA
ØC
TABLE 1
REEL DIMENSIONS (inches [mm])
B
.945 [24.0]
ØC
4.017 [102.03]
ØD
0.512 [13.0]
USA/Canada:
Toll Free:
Europe:
.217
[5.50] .472
[12.00]
X3C
XXFX-XXS
RR CC
.138
[3.50]
.071
[1.80]
13.0 [330.0]
.069
[1.75]
.157
[4.00]
.213
[5.40]
ØA
.315
[8.00]
(315) 432-8909
(800) 411-6596
+44 2392-232392
B
Available on Tape and
Reel for Pick and Place
Manufacturing.
Direction of
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