AGQ100-48S1V8P-4

AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter Technical Reference Notes Industry Standard Quarter Brick: 36~75V Input, 1.2V~5V Single Output Features • • Industry Standard Quarter Brick : 2.28”X 1.45’’ X 0.38’’ (open frame) or 2.28” x 1.45” x 0. 5” (baseplate) Options • • Choice of positive logic or negative logic for CNT function Choice of short pins or long pins • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Delivers up to 20~30A output current Industry standard quarter brick (open frame/baseplate): 57.9mm % 36.8mm % 9.7/12.7mm (2.28” % 1.45” % 0.38/0.5”) Basic isolation Ultra high efficiency High power density Low output noise Industry standard pinout 2:1 wide input voltage of 36-75V CNT function Remote sense Trim function: +10%/-20% Input under-voltage lockout Output over-current protection (hiccup) Output over-voltage protection (hiccup) Over-temperature protection RoHS compliant Description The AGQ100&AVQ100B series is a new open frame/baseplate DC-DC converter for optimum efficiency and power density. The AGQ100&AVQ100B provide up to 25~30A output current in an industry standard quarter brick, which makes it an ideal choice for small space, high current and low voltage applications. The AGQ100&AVQ100B series uses an industry standard quarter brick (open frame/baseplate): 57.9mm % 36.8mm % 9.7/12.7mm (2.28” % 1.45” % 0.38/0.5”) and standard TEL: (86) 755-86010808 BOM:31020701 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn DATE: 2011-08-2 1/30 REV1.2 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN pinouts configuration. It includes extensive control and protection features for maximum flexibility and provides a versatile solution for a whole range of applications with its input voltage range of 36-75 VDC and it can provide 1.2V~5V single output that are isolated from inputs. The converter can achieve ultra high efficiencies and excellent thermal performance, for most applications a heat sink is not required. The product features fast dynamic response characteristics and low output ripple. This high quality and highly reliable product is competitively priced and an ideal solution for distributed power, telecoms and datacom applications. Module Numbering AGQ 100 - 48 S 1V8 P B - 4 Pin length: Omit for 5.8mm ±0.5mm (0.228in. ±0.02in.) -4---4.8mm±0.5mm (0.189in. ±0.02in.) -6---3.80mm±0.25mm (0.150in. ±0.010in.) -8---2.80mm±0.25mm (0.110in.±0.010in.) Baseplated. By default, no baseplate CNT logic, P---positive logic control, default is negative logic control Output rated voltage: 1V2---1.2V, 1V5---1.5V, 1V8---1.8V, 2V5---2.5V, 3V3---3.3V, 05---5V, 12---12V Output number: S---single output, D---dual output Input Inputrated ratedvoltage: voltage:48V 48V Rated output power: 100W. The lower output is limited by its current Series name Note: The following is based on negative logic modules. Positive logic modules are the same with negative ones except for their pin logic. TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 2/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage and temperature conditions. Standard test condition on a single unit is as following: Tc (board): 25 C Airflow: 200 LFM +Vin: 48V ± 2% -Vin: Return pin for +Vin CNT: Connect to -Vin for negative logic Open for positive logic +Vout: Connect to load -Vout: Connect to load (return) +Sense: Connect to +Vout -Sense: Connect to -Vout Trim (Vadj): Open Input Specifications Parameter Operating Input Voltage Maximum Input Current (VI = 0 to VI,max, Io = Io,max) Symbol Min Typ Max Unit VI 36 48 75 VDC II,max - - 3.2 A II - - 20 mAp-p - 50 60 - dB Input Reflected-ripple Current (5Hz to 20MHz, 12uH source impedance, TA = 25 ºC) Supply voltage rejection (1kHz) CAUTION: This power module is not internally fused. An input line fuse must always be used. TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 3/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operational sections of the IPS. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Continuous All VI - - 80 Vdc Transient (100ms) All VI, trans - - 100 Vdc All Ta -40 - 85 ºC Operating Board Temperature All Tc -40 - 110 ºC Storage Temperature All TSTG -55 - 125 ºC Operating Humidity All - - - 95 RH% All - 2000 Vdc Input Voltage Operating Ambient Temperature (See Thermal Consideration) Basic Input-Output Isolation (Conditions: 1mA for 60 sec, slew rate of 1500V/10sec) Output Power TEL: (86) 755-86010808 1.2V 36 1.5V 37.5 1.8V Po,max - - 45 3.3V 82.5 5V 100 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn W 4/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Output Specifications All specifications are typical at normal input Vin=48Vdc, rated output current at 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified. Parameter Device Output Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak (5 Hz to 20 MHz) 1.2V 35 1.5V 35 (Across 1µF @50V, X7R ceramic capacitor 1.8V & 470µF @25V LOW ESR Aluminum 3.3V 50 5V 40 capacitor) External Load Capacitance Symbol - Min - Typ 40 Max Unit - mVpp 1.2V 10,000 1.5V 10,000 1.8V - - - 10,000 3.3V 10,000 5V 5000 1.2V 1.18 1.2 1.22 Output Voltage Setpoint 1.5V 1.48 1.5 1.52 (VI = VI,min to VI,max: Io = Io,max; Ta = 25 ºC ) 1.8V 1.77 1.8 1.83 3.3V 3.25 3.3 3.35 5V 4.95 5 5.05 Line (Vi,min to Vi,max) Output Regulati on Load (Io,min to Io,max) Temperature (Tc = -40 ºC to +100ºC) TEL: (86) 755-86010808 Vo,set 1.2V 1 1.5V 1 1.8V - - 1 3.3V 1 5V 1 1.2V 1 1.5V 1 1.8V - - 1 3.3V 1 5V 1 All - - - www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn µF Vdc - mV - mV 0.02 %Vo/ ºC 5/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Parameter Rated Output Current Output Current-limit Inception (Hiccup) Efficiency (VI = VI,nom; 100%Io,max ; TA = 25°C) Efficiency (VI = VI,nom ; 50%Io,max ; TA = 25°C) TEL: (86) 755-86010808 Device Symbol Min Typ Max 1.2V, 30 1.5V 25 1.8V Io 0 - 25 3.3V 25 5V 20 1.2V 33 42 1.5V 27.5 35 1.8V Io 28 - 35 3.3V 28 35 5V 22 28 1.2V 87 1.5V 87.5 1.8V - - 89 3.3V 91 5V 93 1.2V 86.5 1.5V 88.5 1.8V - - 88.5 3.3V 92 5V 92 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn Unit A A - % - % 6/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Output Specifications (Cont) Parameter 25% Ionom step from 50%Ionom Device Symbol Min Typ 1.2V 50 1.5V 50 1.8V - 45 3.3V 60 (∆Io/∆t = 1A/10µs, 5V 60 VI = VI,nom; Ta = 25°C) 1.2V 100 1.5V 140 Dynamic Response Deviation Settling Time 25% Ionom step from Dynamic Response 50%Ionom (∆Io/∆t = 1A/1µs; VI = VI,nom; Ta = 25°C, additional 220µF load capacitor) Deviation Settling Time Turn-On Time (Io = Io,max ; Vo within 1%) Output Voltage Overshoot (Io = Io,max ; TA = 25°C) Switching Frequency TEL: (86) 755-86010808 1.8V - 70 3.3V 70 5V 70 1.2V 150 1.5V 150 1.8V - 140 3.3V 150 5V 160 1.2V 60 1.5V 100 1.8V Max - 60 3.3V 80 5V 80 Unit mV - µsec - mv - µsec All - - 3 - msec All - - 0 - %Vo All - 310 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn kHz 7/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Feature Specifications Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Logic Low All -0.7 - 1.2 V Logic High All 3.5 - 12 V Enable pin current Logic Low All - 0.4 - mA (leakage current, @10V) Logic High All - - - µA 80 - 110 %Vo Enable pin voltage Output Voltage Adjustment Range Output Over-voltage (Hiccup) Over-temperature Protection (Auto-recovery) All* - 1.2V 1.4 2.0 1.5V 1.8 2.5 1.8V Voclamp 2.2 - 3.0 3.3V 3.9 5.0 5V 6.0 7.5 All V 125 C Turn-on Point All - 31 34 36 V Turn-off Point All - 30 33 35 V Isolation Capacitance All - - 3000 - PF Isolation Resistance All - 10 - - MΩ All - - - Hours All - - 30 g (oz.) Under-voltage Lockout Calculated MTBF (Io = Io,max ; Tc = 25°C) Weight 2,500,0 00 - * Output Voltage Adjustment Rang of 12V module is 90% to 110%. TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 8/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN 1 1 0.9 0.9 Effiency Effiency Characteristic Curves 0.8 Vin=36V 0.7 0.8 Vin=36V 0.7 Vin=48V Vin=48V Vin=75V Vin=75V 0.6 0.6 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 Output current(A) Fig. 1 Typical efficiency of AGQ100-48S1V2 20 25 Fig. 2 Typical efficiency of AGQ100-48S1V5 1 1 Effiency 0.9 Effic ienc y 15 Output current(A) 0.8 Vin=75V 0.7 0.9 0.8 Vin=36V Vin=48V Vin=48V Vin=75V 0.7 Vin=36V 0 0.6 0 5 10 15 20 Output current(A) 25 30 Fig. 3 Typical efficiency of AGQ100-48S1V8 5 10 15 20 25 Output current(A) Fig. 4 Typical efficiency of AVQ100B-48S3V3 95 Effiency(%) 90 85 80 Vin=36V 75 Vin=48V Vin=75V 70 0 5 10 15 Output current(A) 20 Fig. 5 Typical efficiency of AVQ100B-48S05 TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 9/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN 1.2 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 1.4 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Output Current (A) 35 40 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 Output Current (A) 30 35 Fig. 6 Typical over-current of AGQ100-48S1V2 Fig. 7 Typical over-current of AGQ100-48S1V5 3.5 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Output Current (A) 30 35 Fig. 8 Typical over-current of AGQ100-48S1V8 0 5 10 15 20 25 Output Current (A) 30 Fig. 9 Typical over-current of AVQ100B-48S3V3 Output Voltage (V) 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 Output Current (A) 25 30 Fig. 10 Typical over-current of AVQ100B-48S05 TEL: (86) 755-86010808 35 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 10/30 6 6 5 5 Dissipation(W) Dissipation(W) AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN 4 3 Vin=36V 2 Vin=48V 1 Vin=75V 0 4 3 2 Vin=36V Vin=48V 1 Vin=75V 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 Load(A) Dissipation(W) Dissipation(W) 6 5 4 Vin=36V Vin=48V Vin=75V 1 5 10 15 25 of AGQ100-48S1V5 7 0 20 Fig. 12 Typical power dissipation curve of AGQ100-48S1V2 2 15 Load(A) Fig. 11 Typical power dissipation curve 3 10 20 25 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Vin=36V Vin=48V Vin=75V 0 Load(A) 5 10 15 20 25 Load(A) Fig. 13 Typical power dissipation curve Fig. 14 Typical power dissipation curve of AGQ100-48S1V8 of AVQ100B-48S3V3 8 Dissipation(W) 7 6 5 4 3 Vin=36V 2 Vin=48V 1 Vin=75V 0 0 5 10 Load(A) 15 20 Fig. 15 Typical power dissipation curve of AVQ100B-48S05 TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 11/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Fig. 16 Typical output ripple voltage AGQ100 Fig. 17 Typical output ripple voltage AGQ100 -48S1V2, room temperature, Io = Io,max -48S1V5, room temperature, Io = Io,max Fig. 18 Typical output ripple voltage AGQ100 Fig. 19 Typical output ripple voltage AVQ100B -48S1V8, room temperature, Io = Io,max -48S3V3, room temperature, Io = Io,max Fig. 20 Typical output ripple voltage AVQ100B -48S05, room temperature, Io = Io,max TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 12/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Fig.21 Typical start-up from power on of AGQ100-48S1V2 Fig.23 Typical start-up from power on of AGQ100-48S1V5 Fig.25 Typical start-up from power on of AGQ100-48S1V8 TEL: (86) 755-86010808 Fig.22 Typical start-up from CNT on of AGQ100-48S1V2 Fig.24 Typical start-up from CNT on of AGQ100-48S1V5 Fig.26 Typical start-up from CNT on of AGQ100-48S1V8 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 13/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Fig.27 Typical start-up from power on of Fig.28 Typical start-up from CNT on of AVQ100B-48S3V3 AVQ100B-48S3V3 Fig.29 Typical start-up from power on of Fig.30 Typical start-up from CNT on of AVQ100B-48S05 AVQ100B-48S05 Fig.31 Typical transient response to step Fig.32 Typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 0.1A/1µs) temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 1A/1µs) of AGQ100-48S1V2 of AGQ100-48S1V2 TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 14/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Fig.33 Typical transient response to step Fig.34 Typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 0.1A/1µs) temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 1A/1µs) of AGQ100-48S1V5 of AGQ100-48S1V5 Fig.35 Typical transient response to step Fig.36 Typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 0.1A/1µs) temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 1A/1µs) of AGQ100-48S1V8 of AGQ100-48S1V8 TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 15/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Fig.37 Typical transient response to step Fig.38 Typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 0.1A/1µs) temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 1A/1µs) of AVQ100B-48S3V3 of AVQ100B-48S3V3 Fig.39 Typical transient response to step Fig.40 Typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room decrease in load from 50% to 25%, room temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 0.1A/1µs) temperature, 48Vdc input (∆Io/∆t = 1A/1µs) of AVQ100B-48S05 of AVQ100B-48S05 TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 16/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN 30 Output Current Io (A) Output Current Io (A) 30 25 2m/s 20 1.5m/s 15 1m/s 10 0.5m/s 5 0m/s 25 2m/s 20 1.5m/s 15 1m/s 10 0.5m/s 5 0 0m/s 0 25 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE, Ta ( ℃) 85 25 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE，Ta ( ℃) 85 Fig.41 Output power derating AGQ100-48S1V2 Fig.42 Output power derating AGQ100-48S1V2 (airflow direction from output to input, (airflow direction from output to input, open frame) baseplate) 25 Output Current Io (A) Output Current Io (A) 25 20 2m/s 15 1.5m/s 10 1m/s 0.5m/s 5 0m/s 20 2m/s 15 1.5m/s 10 1m/s 0.5m/s 5 0m/s 0 0 25 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE, Ta ( ℃) 25 85 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE, Ta ( ℃) 85 Fig.43 Output power derating AGQ100-48S1V5 Fig.44 Output power derating AGQ100-48S1V5 (airflow direction from output to input, (airflow direction from output to input, baseplate) 30 30 25 25 Output Current(A) Output Current(A) open frame) 20 15 2.0m/s 10 1.5m/s 20 15 2.0m/s 1.5m/s 1.0m/s 0.5m/s 10 1.0m/s 0.5m/s 5 5 0m/s 0m/s 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 25 40 Temperature(℃) 55 70 85 Temperature(℃) Fig.45 Output power derating AGQ100-48S1V8 Fig.46 Output power derating AGQ100-48S1V8 (airflow direction from output to input, (airflow direction from output to input, open frame) TEL: (86) 755-86010808 baseplate) www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 17/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN 25 Output Current Io (A) Output Current Io (A) 25 20 2m/s 15 1.5m/s 1m/s 10 0.5m/s 5 0m/s 0 20 2m/s 15 1.5m/s 1m/s 10 0.5m/s 5 0m/s 0 25 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE, Ta ( ℃) 85 25 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE, Ta ( ℃) 85 Fig.47 Output power derating AVQ100B-48S3V3 Fig.48 Output power derating AVQ100B-48S3V3 (airflow direction from output to input, (airflow direction from output to input, open frame) baseplate) 20 15 Output Current Io (A) Output Current Io (A) 20 2m/s 1.5m/s 10 1m/s 0.5m/s 5 0m/s 15 2m/s 1.5m/s 10 1m/s 0.5m/s 5 0m/s 0 0 25 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE, Ta ( ℃) 85 25 40 55 70 TEMPERATURE, Ta ( ℃) 85 Fig.49 Output power derating AVQ100B-48S05 Fig.50 Output power derating AVQ100B-48S05 (airflow direction from output to input, (airflow direction from output to input, open frame) TEL: (86) 755-86010808 baseplate) www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 18/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Feature Description CNT Function The converter is equipped with a primary ON/OFF pin used to remotely turn converter on or off via a system signal. Two CNT logic options are available. For the positive logic model a system logic low signal will turn the unit off. For the negative logic model a system logic high signal will turn the converter off. For negative logic models where no control signal will be used the ON/OFF pin should be connected directly to -Vin to ensure proper operation. For positive logic models where no control signal will be used the ON/OFF pin should be left unconnected. The following figure shows a few simple CNT circuits. When the converter is supporting loads far away, or is used with undersized cabling, significant voltage drop can occur at the load. The best defense against such drops is to locate the load close to the converter and to ensure adequately sized cable is used. When this is not possible, the converter can compensate for a drop of up to 10%Vo, through use of the sense leads. When used, the + Sense and - Sense leads should be connected from the converter to the point of load as shown in Figure 52, using twisted pair wire, or parallel pattern to reduce noise effect. The converter will then regulate its output voltage at the point where the leads are connected. Care should be taken not to reverse the sense leads. If reversed, the converter will trigger OVP protection. When not used, the +Sense lead must be connected with +Vo, and -Sense with -Vo. If +Sense and –Sense are not connected the output voltage could drift beyond the nominal range. Although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. The maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. Fig. 51 CNT Circuit Remote Sense The converter can remotely sense both lines of its output which moves the effective output voltage regulation point from the output terminals of the unit to the point of connection of the remote sense pins. The sense leads TEL: (86) 755-86010808 conduct very little current compared with the power leads and therefore provide a more accurate indication of load voltage for regulation purposes. This feature automatically adjusts the real output voltage of the converter in order to compensate for voltage drops in distribution and maintain a regulated voltage at the point of load. Note that at elevated output voltages the maximum power rating of the module remains the same, and the output current capability will decrease correspondingly. www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 19/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN R adj − up = 5.1 × V nom × (100 + ∆ ) 510 − − 10.2( KΩ ) 0. 6 × ∆ ∆ For others： Radj −up = 5.1 × Vnom × (100 + ∆ ) 510 − − 10.2( KΩ) 1.225 × ∆ ∆ Note: △= (Vo-Vnom) % 100/Vnom Fig. 52 Sense connections For example: 1.8V to trim up the output to 1.98V, Trim △=(1.98-1.8) % 100/1.8=10 The +Vo output voltage of the AGQ100&AVQ100B can be trimmed using the trim pin provided. Applying a resistor to the trim pin through a voltage divider from the output will cause the +Vo output to increase by up to 10% or decrease by up to 20%. Trimming up by more than 10% of the nominal output may activate the OVP circuit or damage the converter. Trimming down more than 20% can cause the converter to regulate improperly. If the trim pin is not needed, it should be left open. R adj − up = 5.1 × 1.8 × (100 + 10 ) 510 − − 10.2( KΩ) 1.225 × 10 10 R adj −up = 21.23( KΩ) Trim down With an external resistor between the TRIM and -SENSE pins, the output voltage set point decreases (see Figure 54). Trim up With an external resistor connected between the TRIM and +SENSE pins, the output voltage set point increases (see Figure 53). Fig. 54 Trim down circuit The following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. Radj −down = 510 − 10.2( KΩ) ∆ Note: △= (Vnom-Vo) % 100/Vnom For example: 1.8V to trim down the output to Fig. 53 Trim up circuit The following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. For 1.2V： 1.62V, △=(1.8-1.62) % 100/1.8=10 Radj − down = 510 − 10.2( KΩ) 10 Radj − down = 40.8( KΩ) TEL: (86) 755-86010808 www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 20/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN Although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. The maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. Note that at elevated output voltages the maximum power rating of the module remains the same, and the output current capability will decrease correspondingly. Minimum Load Requirements There is no minimum load requirement for the AGQ100&AVQ100B series module. Output Capacitance High output current transient rate of change (high di/dt) loads may require high values of output capacitance to supply the instantaneous energy requirement to the load. To minimize the output voltage transient drop during this transient, low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) capacitors may be required, since a high ESR will produce a correspondingly higher voltage drop during the current transient. When the load is sensitive to ripple and noise, an output filter can be added to minimize the effects. A simple output filter to reduce output ripple and noise can be made by connecting a capacitor C1 across the output as shown in Figure 55. The recommended value for the output capacitor C1 is 470μF. Fig. 55 Output ripple filter TEL: (86) 755-86010808 Fig. 56 Output ripple filter for a distant load Extra care should be taken when long leads or traces are used to provide power to the load. Long lead lengths increase the chance for noise to appear on the lines. Under these conditions C1 can be added across the load, with a 1μF ceramic capacitor C2 in parallel generally as shown in Figure 56. Decoupling Noise on the power distribution system is not always created by the converter. High speed analog or digital loads with dynamic power demands can cause noise to cross the power inductor back onto the input lines. Noise can be reduced by decoupling the load. In most cases, connecting a 10 μ F tantalum or ceramic capacitor in parallel with a 0.1 μ F ceramic capacitor across the load will decouple it. The capacitors should be connected as close to the load as possible. Ground Loops Ground loops occur when different circuits are given multiple paths to common or earth ground, as shown in Figure 57. Multiple ground points have slightly different potential and cause current flow through the circuit from one point to another. This can result in additional noise in all the circuits. To eliminate the problem, circuits should be designed with a single ground connection as shown in Figure 58. www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 21/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN removed. This prevents damage to the load circuit. Over-Temperature Protection The module feature an over-temperature protection circuit to safeguard against thermal damage. The module will work on intermittent mode when the maximum device reference temperature is exceeded. When the over-temperature condition is removed, the converter will automatically restart. Fig. 57 Ground loops Input Reverse Voltage Protection Fig. 58 Single point ground Output Over-current Protection AGQ100&AVQ100B DC/DC converters feature foldback current limiting as part of their OCP (Over-current Protection) circuits. When output current exceeds 110 to 140% of rated current, such as during a short circuit condition, the module will shut down and then enter a “hiccup mode” where it repeatedly turn on and off at a 100Hz(nominal) frequency with a 5% duty cycle until the short circuit condition is removed. This prevents excessive heating of the converter or the load board. Under installation and cabling conditions where reverse polarity across the input may occur, reverse polarity protection is recommended. Protection can easily be provided as shown in Figure 59. In both cases the diode used is rated for 10A/100V. Placing the diode across the inputs rather than in-line with the input offers an advantage in that the diode only conducts in a reverse polarity condition, which increases circuit efficiency and thermal performance. Fig. 59 Reverse polarity protection circuit Output Over-Voltage Protection Safety Consideration The output over-voltage protection consists of circuitry that monitors the voltage on the output terminals. If the voltage on the output terminals exceeds the over voltage protection threshold, the module will shut down and then enter a “hiccup mode” where it repeatedly turn on and off at a 100Hz(nominal) frequency with a 40% duty cycle until the over-voltage condition is TEL: (86) 755-86010808 For safety-agency approval of the system in which the power module is used, the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standard, i.e., UL1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950-95, and EN60950. The AGQ100&AVQ100B input-to-output isolation is a basic insulation. The DC/DC power module www.emersonnetworkpower.com.cn 22/30 AGQ100&AVQ100B Series DC/DC Converter TRN should be installed in end-use equipment, in compliance with the requirements of the ultimate application, and is intended to be supplied by an isolated secondary circuit. When the supply to the DC/DC power module meets all the requirements for SELV (