ACPL-M46T-500E

ACPL-M46T Automotive Intelligent Power Module with R2Coupler™ Isolation and Small Outline, 5 Lead Package Data Sheet Lead (Pb) Free RoHS 6 fully compliant RoHS 6 fully compliant options available; -xxxE denotes a lead-free product Description Features The ACPL-M46T consists of a AlGaAs optically coupled to an integrated high gain photo detector. Minimized propagation delay difference between devices make these optocouplers excellent solutions for improving automotive inverter efficiency through reduced switching dead time.  Performance specified for common IPM applications over automotive temperature range: -40°C to 125°C Specification and performance plots are given for typical IPM applications.  Very high Common Mode Rejection (CMR): 15 kV/μs at VCM = 1500 V Avago R2Coupler isolation products provide the reinforced insulation and reliability needed for critical in automotive and high temperature industrial applications.  Fast maximum propagation delays - tPHL & tPLH = 550 ns  Minimized Pulse Width Distortion (PWD = 370 ns)  CTR > 44% at IF = 10 mA  Qualified to AEC-Q100 Test Guidelines  Safety approval - UL recognized per UL1577 (file no. E55361) 4000 Vrms for 1 minute Schematic Diagram - IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Approved ANODE 1 CATHODE 3 SHIELD 6 VCC 5 VOUT 4 GND Truth Table - CSA Approved LED VO Applications ON L OFF H  Automotive IPM isolation for battery management system and motor control The connection of a 0.1 μF bypass capacitor between pins 4 and 6 is recommended.  Isolated IGBT/MOSFET gate drive  AC and brushless dc motor drives  Industrial inverters for power supplies and motor controls CAUTION: It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly of this component to prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by ESD. Ordering Information Option Part Number (RoHS) Compliant Package -000E SO-5 ACPL-M46T Surface Mount Tape & Reel IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Quantity X 100 per tube -060E X X -500E X X -560E X X 100 per tube 1500 per reel X 1500 per reel To order, choose a part number from the part number column and combine with the desired option from the option column to form an order entry. Example 1: ACPL-M46T-500E to order product of SO-5 Surface Mount package in Tape and Reel packaging with RoHS compliant. Example 2: ACPL-M46T-000E to order product of SO-5 Surface Mount package in tube packaging with RoHS compliant. Option datasheets are available. Contact your Avago sales representative or authorized distributor for information. Package Outline Drawing ACPL-M46T-000E Small Outline SO-5 Package (JEDEC MO-155) Land Pattern Recommendation 4.4 (0.17) M46T YWW 4.4 ± 0.1 (0.173 ± 0.004) 7.0 ± 0.2 (0.276 ± 0.008) EE 2.5 (0.10) Extended Datecode for lot tracking 2.0 (0.080) 0.64 (0.025) 8.27 (0.325) 0.4 ± 0.05 (0.016 ± 0.002) 3.6 ± 0.1* (0.142 ± 0.004) 2.5 ± 0.1 (0.098 ± 0.004) 1.3 (0.05) DIMENSION IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES) 0.102 ± 0.102 (0.004 ± 0.004) 0.20 ± 0.025 (0.008 ± 0.001) 7° MAX. 1.27 BSC (0.050) DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES) * MAXIMUM MOLD FLASH ON EACH SIDE IS 0.15 mm (0.006) NOTE: FLOATING LEAD PROTRUSION IS 0.15 mm (6 mils) MAX. 2 0.71 MIN (0.028) MAX. LEAD COPLANARITY = 0.102 (0.004) Recommended Pb-Free IR Profile Recommended reflow condition as per JEDEC Standard, J-STD-020 (latest revision). Note: Non-halide flux should be used Regulatory Information The ACPL-M46T is approved by the following organizations: UL IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Approved under UL 1577, component recognition program up to VISO = 4000 VRMS Approved under: IEC 60747-5-2:2007 EN 60747-5-2:2001 + A1 DIN EN 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884 Teil 2) CSA Approved under CSA Component Acceptance Notice #5. IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Insulation Characteristics* Description Symbol Installation classification per DIN VDE 0110/1.89, Table 1 for rated mains voltage ≤ 150 Vrms for rated mains voltage ≤ 300 Vrms for rated mains voltage ≤ 600 Vrms Characteristic Unit I – IV I – III I – II Climatic Classification 55/125/21 Pollution Degree (DIN VDE 0110/1.89) 2 Maximum Working Insulation Voltage VIORM 567 Vpeak Input to Output Test Voltage, Method b* VIORM x 1.875=VPR, 100% Production Test with tm=1 sec, Partial discharge < 5 pC VPR 1063 Vpeak Input to Output Test Voltage, Method a* VIORM x 1.6=VPR, Type and Sample Test, tm=10 sec, Partial discharge < 5 pC VPR 907 Vpeak Highest Allowable Overvoltage (Transient Overvoltage tini = 60 sec) VIOTM 6000 Vpeak Safety-limiting values – maximum values allowed in the event of a failure. Case Temperature Input Current Output Power TS IS, INPUT PS, OUTPUT 175 230 600 °C mA mW Insulation Resistance at TS, VIO = 500 V RS >109 W * 3 Refer to the optocoupler section of the Isolation and Control Components Designer’s Catalog, under Product Safety Regulations section, (IEC/ EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2) for a detailed description of Method a and Method b partial discharge test profiles. Insulation Related Specifications Parameter Symbol Value Units Conditions Minimum External Air Gap (Clearance) L(101) ≥5 mm Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance through air. Minimum External Tracking (Creepage) L(102) ≥5 mm Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance path along body. 0.08 mm Through insulation distance conductor to conductor, usually the straight line distance thickness between the emitter and detector. 200 Volts DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303 Part 1 Minimum Internal Plastic Gap (Internal Clearance) Tracking Resistance (ComparativeTracking Index) CTI Isolation Group IIIa Material Group (DIN VDE 0110) Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units Storage Temperature TS -55 150 °C Operating Temperature TA -40 125 °C Average Input Current IF(avg) 20 mA Peak Input Current (50% duty cycle, 11.0 V). 8. Common mode transient immunity in a Logic Low level is the maximum tolerable dVCM/dt of the common mode pulse, VCM, to assure that the output will remain in a Logic Low state (i.e., VO < 1.0 V). 9. Pulse Width Distortion (PWD) is defined as |tPHL - tPLH| for any given device. 6 LED Drive Circuit Considerations For Ultra High CMR Performance Without a detector shield, the dominant cause of optocoupler CMR failure is capacitive coupling from the input side of the optocoupler, through the package, to the detector IC as shown in Figure 14. The ACPL-M46T improves CMR performance by using a detector IC with an optically transparent Faraday shield, which diverts the capacitively coupled current away from the sensitive IC circuitry. However, this shield does not eliminate the capacitive coupling between the LED and the optocoupler output pin and output ground as shown in Figure 15. This capacitive coupling causes perturbations in the LED current during common mode transients and becomes the major source of CMR failures for a shielded optocoupler. The main design objective of a high CMR LED drive circuit becomes keeping the LED in the proper state (on or off ) during common mode transients. For example, the recommended application circuit (Figure 13), can achieve 15 kV/μs CMR while minimizing component complexity. Note that a CMOS gate is recommended in Figure 13 to keep the LED off when the gate is in the high state. Another cause of CMR failure for a shielded optocoupler is direct coupling to the optocoupler output pins through CLEDO1 in Figure 15. Many factors influence the effect and magnitude of the direct coupling including: the position of the LED current setting resistor and the value of the capacitor at the optocoupler output (CL). Techniques to keep the LED in the proper state and minimize the effect of the direct coupling are discussed in the next two sections. CMR with the LED on (CMRL) A high CMR LED drive circuit must keep the LED on during common mode transients. This is achieved by overdriving the LED current beyond the input threshold so that it is not pulled below the threshold during a transient. The recommended minimum LED current of 10 mA provides adequate margin over the maximum ITH of 4.0 mA (see Figure 2) to achieve 15 kV/μs CMR. The placement of the LED current setting resistor effects the ability of the drive circuit to keep the LED on during transients and interacts with the direct coupling to the optocoupler output. For example, the LED resistor in Figure 16 is connected to the anode. Figure 17 shows the AC equivalent circuit for Figure 16 during common mode transients. During a +dVCM/dt in Figure 17, the current available at the LED anode (Itotal) is limited by the series resistor. The LED current (IF) is reduced from its DC value by an amount equal to the current that flows through CLEDP and CLEDO1. The situation is made worse because the 7 current through CLEDO1 has the effect of trying to pull the output high (toward a CMR failure) at the same time the LED current is being reduced. For this reason, the recommended LED drive circuit (Figure 13) places the current setting resistor in series with the LED cathode. Figure 18 is the AC equivalent circuit for Figure 13 during common mode transients. In this case, the LED current is not reduced during a +dVCM/dt transient because the current flowing through the package capacitance is supplied by the power supply. During a dVCM/dt transient, however, the LED current is reduced by the amount of current flowing through CLEDN. But, better CMR performance is achieved since the current flowing in CLEDO1 during a negative transient acts to keep the output low. CMR with the LED Off (CMRH) A high CMR LED drive circuit must keep the LED off (VF ≤ VF(OFF)) during common mode transients. For example, during a +dVCM/dt transient in Figure 18, the current flowing through CLEDN is supplied by the parallel combination of the LED and series resistor. As long as the voltage developed across the resistor is less than VF(OFF) the LED will remain off and no common mode failure will occur. Even if the LED momentarily turns on, the 100 pF capacitor from pins 5-4 will keep the output from dipping below the threshold. The recommended LED drive circuit (Figure 13) provides about 10 V of margin between the lowest optocoupler output voltage and a 3 V IPM threshold during a 15kV/μs transient with VCM = 1500 V. Additional margin can be obtained by adding a diode in parallel with the resistor, as shown by the dashed line connection in Figure 18, to clamp the voltage across the LED below VF(OFF). Since the open collector drive circuit, shown in Figure 19, cannot keep the LED off during a +dVCM/dt transient, it is not desirable for applications requiring ultra high CMRH performance. Figure 20 is the AC equivalent circuit for Figure 19 during common mode transients. Essentially all the current flowing through CLEDN during a +dVCM/ dt transient must be supplied by the LED. CMRH failures can occur at dv/dt rates where the current through the LED and CLEDN exceeds the input threshold. Figure 21 is an alternative drive circuit which does achieve ultra high CMR performance by shunting the LED in the off state. IPM Dead Time and Propagation Delay Specifications The ACPL-M46T includes a Propagation Delay Difference specification intended to help designers minimize “dead time” in their power inverter designs. Dead time is the time period during which both the high and low side power transistors (Q1 and Q2 in Figure 22) are off. Any overlap in Q1 and Q2 conduction will result in large currents flowing through the power devices between the high and low voltage motor rails. To minimize dead time the designer must consider the propagation delay characteristics of the optocoupler as well as the characteristics of the IPM IGBT gate drive circuit. Considering only the delay characteristics of the optocoupler (the characteristics of the IPM IGBT gate drive circuit can be analyzed in the same way) it is important to know the minimum and maximum turn-on (tPHL) and turn-off (tPLH) propagation delay specifications, preferably over the desired operating temperature range. The limiting case of zero dead time occurs when the input to Q1 turns off at the same time that the input to Q2 turns on. This case determines the minimum delay between LED1 turn-off and LED turn-on, which is related to the worst case optocoupler propagation delay waveforms, as shown in Figure 23. A minimum dead time of zero is achieved in Figure 23 when the signal to turn on LED is delayed by (tPLH max - tPHL min) from the LED1 turn off. Note that the propagation delays used to calculate PDD are taken at equal temperatures since the optocouplers under consideration are typically mounted in close proximity to each other. (Specifically, tPLH max and tPHL min in the previous equation are not the same as the tPLH max and tPHL min, over the full operating temperature range, specified in the data sheet.) This delay is the maximum value for the propagation delay difference specification which is specified at 370 ns for the ACPL-M46T over an operating temperature range of -40°C to 125°C. Delaying the LED signal by the maximum propagation delay difference ensures that the minimum dead time is zero, but it does not tell a designer what the maximum dead time will be. The maximum dead time occurs in the highly unlikely case where one optocoupler with the fastest tPLH and another with the slowest tPHL are in the same inverter leg. The maximum dead time in this case becomes the sum of the spread in the tPLH and tPHL propagation delays as shown in Figure 24. The maximum dead time is also equivalent to the difference between the maximum and minimum propagation delay difference specifications. The maximum dead time (due to the optocouplers) for the ACPL-M46T is 520 ns (= 370 ns (-150 ns)) over an operating temperature range of -40°C to 125°C. 1.05 25°C 10 125°C 8 -40°C 6 VO =0.6V 4 2 0 0 5 10 IF - FORWARD CURRENT - mA Figure 2. Typical Transfer Characteristics. 8 15 20 NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT IO - OUTPUT CURRENT - mA 12 1.00 0.95 0.90 IF = 10mA VO = 0.6V 0.85 0.80 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 3. Normalized Output Current vs. Temperature. 100 120 140 IF IF - FORWARD CURRENT - mA IOH - HIGH LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT - uA 100.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 VF=0.8V VCC = VO = 30V 0.50 10.00 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C 100 120 + VF – 1.00 0.10 0.01 0.00 -40 TA = 25°C 140 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 VF - FORWARD VOLTAGE - VOLTS Figure 5. Input Current vs. Forward Voltage. Figure 4. High Level Output Current vs. Temperature. IF(ON) =10 mA 6 1 If 0.1 µF + 20 kΩ 5 – VCC = 15 V CL* 3 4 SHIELD tf VO + VOUT – tr 90% 90% 10% 10% VTHHL VTHLH *TOTAL LOAD CAPACITANCE tPHL tPLH Figure 6. Propagation Delay Test Circuit. VCM IF 0.1 µF B δV = VCM δt Δt 6 1 5 A VCC =15 V 20 kΩ VOUT + – OV Δt 100 pF* + 3 4 SHIELD VFF VO *100 pF TOTAL CAPACITANCE + – – VCM = 1500 V SWITCH AT A: IF = 0 mA VO SWITCH AT B: IF = 10 mA Typical CMR Waveform. Figure 7. CMR Test Circuit. 9 VCC VOL 800 IF = 10mA VCC = 15V CL = 100pF RL = 20kΩ 400 tP – PROPAGATION DELAY – ns TP - PROPOGATION DELAY - ns 500 300 200 100 tPLH tPHL 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C 100 120 140 tP – PROPAGATION DELAY – ns tP – PROPAGATION DELAY – n 400 200 200 300 400 500 CL – LOAD CAPACITANCE – pF Figure 10. Propagation Delay vs. Load Capacitance. TP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns 400 300 200 0 VCC = 15V CL = 100pF RL = 20kΩ TA = 25°C 5 10 15 IF - LED FORWARD CURRENT - mA Figure 12. Propagation Delay vs. Input Current. 10 200 10 20 30 40 RL – LOAD RESISTANCE – KΩ 50 IF = 10 mA CL = 100 pF RL = 20 kΩ TA = 25 °C 1000 800 tPLH tPHL 600 400 200 0 5 10 15 20 VCC – SUPPLY VOLTAGE – V Figure 11. Propagation Delay vs. Supply Voltage. 500 100 tPLH tPHL 1200 IF = 10 mA VCC = 15 V 1000 R = 20 KΩ L TA = 25 °C 800 tPLH tPHL 600 100 400 0 1200 0 600 Figure 9. Propagation Delay vs. Load Resistance. Figure 8. Propagation Delay with External 20 kΩ RL vs. Temperature. 0 IF = 10 mA VCC = 15 V CL = 100 pF TA = 25 °C tPLH tPHL 20 25 30 1 +5 V 6 0.1 μF 20 kΩ 5 310 W VOUT VCC =15 V + – CLEDP 1 6 5 100 pF 3 4 SHIELD CMOS CLEDN 3 4 *100 pF TOTAL CAPACITANCE Figure 13. Recommended LED Drive Circuit. Figure 14. Optocoupler Input to Output Capacitance Model for Unshielded Optocouplers. +5 V 1 CLEDP 6 310 Ω CLED01 1 6 0.1 μF 5 20 kΩ 5 VOUT 100 pF 3 CLEDN 4 SHIELD 3 CMOS Figure 15. Optocoupler Input to Output Capacitance Model for Shielded Optocouplers. ITOTAL* 300 Ω 1 ICLEDP ICLED01 IF 5 *100 pF TOTAL CAPACITANCE Figure 16. LED Drive Circuit with Resistor Connected to LED Anode (Not Recommended). 1 6 CLED01 VOUT SHIELD 5 + VR** – 4 * THE ARROWS INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW FOR +dVCM/dt TRANSIENTS. – + VCM Figure 17. AC Equivalent Circuit for Figure 16 during Common Mode Transients. 11 6 CLED01 VOUT 100 pF CLEDN 300 Ω 3 ICLEDN* 20 kΩ SHIELD 4 * THE ARROWS INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW FOR +dVCM/dt TRANSIENTS. ** OPTIONAL CLAMPING DIODE FOR IMPROVED CMH PERFORMANCE. VR < VF (OFF) DURING +dVCM/dt. + – CLEDN CLEDP 20 kΩ 100 pF 3 4 SHIELD VCM Figure 18. AC Equivalent Circuit for Figure 13 during Common Mode Transients. VCC =15 V + – +5 V 1 1 6 CLEDP 6 CLED01 5 5 3 Q1 Q1 4 SHIELD 20 kΩ VOUT 100 pF CLEDN 3 ICLEDN* SHIELD 4 + – * THE ARROWS INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW FOR +dVCM/dt TRANSIENTS. VCM Figure 19. Not Recommended Open Collector LED Drive Circuit. Figure 20. AC Equivalent Circuit for Figure 19 during Common Mode Transients. +5 V 1 6 5 3 4 SHIELD Figure 21. Recommended LED Drive Circuit for Ultra High CMR. +5 V ILED1 1 ACPL-M46T IPM 6 0.1 μF 5 310 Ω ILED2 CMOS 1 SHIELD ACPL-M46T 3 SHIELD Figure 22. Typical Application Circuit. 12 +HV VOUT1 M 4 Q2 6 0.1 μF 5 310 Ω 20 kΩ Q1 3 CMOS +5 V VCC1 4 VCC2 20 kΩ VOUT2 ACPL-M46T ACPL-M46T ACPL-M46T ACPL-M46T ACPL-M46T -HV ILED1 ILED1 Q1 OFF Q1 OFF VOUT1 VOUT2 Q1 ON VOUT1 VOUT2 Q2 OFF Q1 ON Q2 OFF Q2 ON Q2 ON ILED2 ILED2 tPLH MAX. tPLH MIN. tPLH MAX. tPHL MIN. PDD* MAX. PDD* MAX. = (tPLH-tPHL) MAX. = tPLH MAX. - tPHL MIN. tPHL MIN. tPHL MAX. *PDD = PROPAGATION DELAY DIFFERENCE MAX. DEAD TIME NOTE: THE PROPAGATION DELAYS USED TO CALCULATE PDD ARE TAKEN AT EQUAL TEMPERATURES. MAXIMUM DEAD TIME (DUE TO OPTOCOUPLER) = (tPLH MAX. - tPLH MIN.) + (tPHL MAX. - tPHL MIN.) Figure 23. Minimum LED Skew for Zero Dead Time. = (tPLH MAX. - tPHL MIN.) - (tPLH MIN. - tPHL MAX.) = PDD* MAX. - PDD* MIN. *PDD = PROPAGATION DELAY DIFFERENCE NOTE: THE PROPAGATION DELAYS USED TO CALCULATE THE MAXIMUM DEAD TIME ARE TAKEN AT EQUAL TEMPERATURES. Figure 24. Waveforms for Deadtime Calculation. For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our website: www.avagotech.com Avago, Avago Technologies, the A logo and R2Coupler™ are trademarks of Avago Technologies in the United States and other countries. Data subject to change. Copyright © 2005-2011 Avago Technologies. All rights reserved. Obsoletes 5989-2118EN AV02-0822EN - December 1, 2011