BQ24050, BQ24052
SLUS940D – SEPTEMBER 2009 – REVISED MAY 2021
BQ2405x 1-A, Single-Cell Li-Ion and Li-Pol Battery Charger With Automatic Adaptor
and USB Detection
1 Features
3 Description
•
The BQ2405x series of devices are highly integrated
Li-Ion and Li-Pol linear chargers devices targeted
at space-limited portable applications. The devices
operate from either a USB port or AC adapter.
The high-input voltage range with input overvoltage
protection supports low-cost unregulated adapters.
•
•
Charging
– 1% Charge voltage accuracy
– 10% Charge current accuracy
– Pin selectable USB 100-mA and 500-mA
maximum input current limit
– Programmable termination and precharge
threshold
Protection
– 30-V Input Rating; With 6.6-V input overvoltage
protection
– Input voltage dynamic power management
– 125 °C Thermal regulation; 150°C thermal
shutdown protection
– OUT Short-circuit protection and ISET short
detection
– Operation over JEITA range through battery
NTC - ½ fast-charge-current at cold, 4.06 V at
hot
– Fixed 10-hour safety timer
System
– Auto input source detection (D+, D– pins)
• No device transceiver required
• USB Friendly
– Automatic termination and timer disable mode
(TTDM) for absent battery pack with thermistor
– Status indication – charging/done
– Available in small 2-mm × 2-mm package
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
Headphones, speakers, and audio accessories
Wristbands and wearables
Smart door locks
Low-power handheld devices
The BQ2405x has a single power output that charges
the battery. A system load can be placed in parallel
with the battery as long as the average system load
does not keep the battery from charging fully during
the 10-hour safety timer.
The battery is charged in three phases: conditioning,
constant current, and constant voltage. In all charge
phases, an internal control loop monitors the IC
junction temperature and reduces the charge current
if an internal temperature threshold is exceeded.
The charger power stage and charge current sense
functions are fully integrated. The charger function
has high accuracy current and voltage regulation
loops, charge status display, and charge termination.
The precharge current and termination current
threshold are programmed through an external
resistor. The fast charge current value is also
programmable through an external resistor.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
BQ24050
BODY SIZE (NOM)
WSON (10)
BQ24052
(1)
PACKAGE
2.00 mm × 2.00 mm
For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
BQ24050/2
Adaptor
DC+
1
IN
OUT
10
2
ISET
TS
9
3
VSS
CHG
8
4
PRETERM ISET2
7
5
D+
6
System Load
1.5kW
GND
1mF
1kW
OR
D-
Battery Pack
+
1mF
VDD
2kW
TTDM
USB Port
ISET/100/500 mA
VBUS
GND
GND
D+
D+
D-
D-
Host
Disconnect after Detection
Simplified Circuit
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
BQ24050, BQ24052
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SLUS940D – SEPTEMBER 2009 – REVISED MAY 2021
Table of Contents
1 Features............................................................................1
2 Applications..................................................................... 1
3 Description.......................................................................1
4 Revision History.............................................................. 2
5 Pin Configuration and Functions...................................4
6 Specifications.................................................................. 5
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) .................................... 5
6.2 ESD Ratings............................................................... 5
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions(1) .................... 5
6.4 Thermal Information....................................................6
6.5 Electrical Characteristics.............................................6
6.6 Timing Requirements................................................ 10
6.7 Switching Characteristics..........................................10
6.8 Typical Characteristics.............................................. 11
7 Detailed Description......................................................15
7.1 Overview................................................................... 15
7.2 Functional Block Diagram......................................... 16
7.3 Feature Description...................................................17
7.4 Device Functional Modes..........................................25
7.5 Programming............................................................ 25
8 Application and Implementation.................................. 26
8.1 Application Information............................................. 26
8.2 Typical Applications.................................................. 26
9 Power Supply Recommendations................................28
10 Layout...........................................................................29
10.1 Layout Guidelines................................................... 29
10.2 Layout Example...................................................... 29
10.3 Thermal Considerations..........................................30
11 Device and Documentation Support..........................31
11.1 Device Support........................................................31
11.2 Documentation Support.......................................... 31
11.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates.. 31
11.4 Support Resources................................................. 31
11.5 Trademarks............................................................. 31
11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution.............................. 31
11.7 Glossary.................................................................. 31
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision C (December 2014) to Revision D (May 2021)
Page
• Updated the numbering format for tables, figures, and cross-references throughout the document..................1
• Deleted BQ24055 from data sheet .................................................................................................................... 1
• Changed the Applications list ............................................................................................................................ 1
• Deleted PG pin information from the Specifications section...............................................................................5
• Moved Tstg From: ESD Ratings To: Absolute Maximum Ratings .......................................................................5
• Changed the Handling Ratings table To: ESD Ratings table .............................................................................5
• Changed IBD-Sink minimum from 7 mA to 6 mA...................................................................................................6
• Changed IIH Source current required for HI from 8 μA to 9.6 μA........................................................................6
• Deleted graphs "OVP 8-V Adapter – Hot Plug" and "OVP from Normal Operation" from the Power Up, Down,
OVP, Disable and Enable Waveforms section ................................................................................................. 11
• Deleted graph "Entering and Exiting Sleep Mode" from the Battery Removal With Fixed TS = 0.5 V section ....
13
• Changed text From: "2-mm × 2-mm or 2-mm × 3-mm single-cell Li-Ion..." To: "2-mm × 2-mm single-cell LiIon..." in the first paragraph of the Overview section ....................................................................................... 15
• Deleted the PG pin information from the Feature Description section..............................................................17
• Deleted text "the PG pin goes low." from the Overvoltage Protection (OVP) – Continuously Monitored section
..........................................................................................................................................................................19
• Deleted the PG pin information from the Device Functional Modes section.....................................................25
• Deleted the PG pin information from the Application and Implementation section...........................................26
• Removed the Vpg curve from Figure 8-3 and Figure 8-4 ................................................................................ 27
Changes from Revision B (June 2012) to Revision C (December 2014)
Page
• Added Handling Rating table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and
Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and
Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section................... 1
Changes from Revision A (September 2009) to Revision B (June 2012)
Page
• Changed all occurrences of Li-Ion To: Li-Ion and Li-Pol..................................................................................... 1
2
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SLUS940D – SEPTEMBER 2009 – REVISED MAY 2021
Changes from Revision * (August 2009) to Revision A (September 2009)
Page
• Changed the status of the devices From: Product Preview To: Production Data............................................... 1
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SLUS940D – SEPTEMBER 2009 – REVISED MAY 2021
5 Pin Configuration and Functions
1 IN
OUT 10
2 ISET
TS 9
3 VSS
CHG 8
4 PRETERM
5 D+
ISET 2 7
D- 6
Figure 5-1. DSQ Package 10-Pin WSON With Exposed Thermal Pad BQ24050/BQ24052 Top View
Table 5-1. Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
CHG
8
O
Low (FET on) indicates charging and Open Drain (FET off) indicates no Charging or Charge
complete.
D+
5
I
USB port D+ input connection
D–
6
I
USB port D– input connection
IN
1
I
Input power, connected to external DC supply (AC adapter or USB port). Expected range of bypass
capacitors 1 μF to 10 μF, connect from IN to VSS.
ISET
2
I
Programs the Fast-charge current setting. External resistor from ISET to VSS defines fast charge
current value. Range is 52.3k (10 mA) to 540 Ω (1 A).
ISET2
7
I
Programming the Input/Output Current Limit for the USB or Adaptor source: High = 500 mA max,
Low = ISET, FLOAT = 100 mA max. D+D– Detection initially sets the charge threshold and requires
ISET2 to change states to take control.
OUT
10
O
Battery Connection. System Load may be connected. Average load should not be excessive,
allowing battery to charge within the 10-hour safety timer window. Expected range of bypass
capacitors 1 μF to 10 μF.
PRE-TERM
4
I
Programs the Current Termination Threshold (5 to 50% of Iout which is set by ISET) and Sets the
Precharge Current to twice the Termination Current Level.
Expected range of programming resistor is 1k to 10 kΩ (2k: IOUT/10 for term; IOUT/5 for precharge)
TS
VSS
Thermal Pad
(1)
4
Temperature sense pin connected to ‘50 — 10k at 25°C NTC thermistor, ’52 — 100k NTC at 25°C,
in the battery pack. Floating TS Pin or pulling High puts part in TTDM and disable TS monitoring,
Timers and Termination. Pulling pin Low disables the IC (CE function). If NTC sensing is not
needed, connect this pin to VSS through an external ‘50 — 10-kΩ /’52—100-kΩ resistor. A ‘50 —
250-kΩ/’52 880-kΩ from TS to ground will prevent IC entering TTDM when battery with thermistor
is removed.
9 (1)
I
3
–
Ground terminal
–
There is an internal electrical connection between the exposed thermal pad and the VSS pin of the
device. The thermal pad must be connected to the same potential as the VSS pin on the printed
circuit board. Do not use the thermal pad as the primary ground input for the device. VSS pin must
be connected to ground at all times.
Pad 2x2mm2
Spins have different pin definitions
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Input Voltage
MIN
MAX
UNIT
IN (with respect to VSS)
–0.3
30
V
OUT (with respect to VSS)
–0.3
7
V
PRE-TERM, ISET, ISET2, TS, CHG, D+, D–,
(with respect to VSS)
–0.3
7
V
A
Input Current
IN
1.25
Output Current (Continuous)
OUT
1.25
A
Output Sink Current
CHG
15
mA
Junction temperature, TJ
Tstg
(1)
Storage temperature range
–40
150
°C
–65
150
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage
values are with respect to the network ground terminal unless otherwise noted.
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
pins(1)
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101,
all pins(2)
UNIT
±3000
V
±1500
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions(1)
MIN
IN voltage range
VIN
IN operating voltage range, Restricted by VDPM and VOVP
NOM
UNIT
3.5
28
V
4.45
6.45
V
IIN
Input current, IN pin
1.0
A
IOUT
Current, OUT pin
1.0
A
TJ
Junction temperature
0
125
°C
RPRE-TERM
Programs precharge and termination current thresholds
1
10
kΩ
RISET
Fast-charge current programming resistor
0.540
52.3
kΩ
1.66
258
kΩ
24
885
kΩ
RTS
(1)
10k NTC thermistor range without entering TTDM, BQ24050
100k NTC thermistor range without entering TTDM, BQ24052
Operation with VIN less than 4.5 V or in drop-out may result in reduced performance.
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6.4 Thermal Information
BQ24050
BQ24052
THERMAL METRIC(1)
UNIT
DSQ (WSON)
10 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
63.5
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
79.5
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
33.9
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
7.8
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
34.3
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
7.5
(1)
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
6.5 Electrical Characteristics
Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
INPUT
UVLO
Undervoltage lock-out Exit
VIN: 0V → 4V Update based on sim/char
3.15
3.3
3.45
V
VHYS_UVLO
Hysteresis on VUVLO_RISE falling
VIN: 4V→0V,
VUVLO_FALL = VUVLO_RISE –VHYS-UVLO
175
230
280
mV
VIN-DT
Input power good detection threshold
is VOUT + VIN-DT
(Input power good if VIN > VOUT + VIN-DT);
VOUT = 3.6V, VIN: 3.5V → 4V
30
80
145
mV
6.5
6.65
VHYS-INDT
Hysteresis on VIN-DT falling
VOUT = 3.6V, VIN: 4V → 3.5V
VOVP
Input overvoltage protection threshold
VIN: 5V → 7V (50/52)
VHYS-OVP
Hysteresis on OVP
VIN-DPM
IIN-USB-CL
USB/Adaptor low input voltage
protection. Restricts lout at VIN-DPM
31
VIN: 11V → 5V
mV
6.8
95
V
mV
Feature active in USB mode; Limit Input Source
Current to 50mA; VOUT = 3.5V; RISET = 825Ω
4.34
4.4
4.46
Feature active in Adaptor mode; Limit Input
Source Current to 50mA; VOUT = 3 .5V;
RISET = 825Ω
4.24
4.3
4.36
V
USB input I-Limit 100 mA
ISET2 = Float; RISET = 825Ω
85
92
100
USB input I-Limit 500 mA
ISET2 = High; RISET = 825Ω
430
462
500
mA
ISET SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
RISET_SHORT
Highest Resistor value considered a
fault (short). Monitored for Iout>90mA
Riset: 600Ω → 250Ω, Iout latches off. Cycle power
to Reset. USB100 mode.
280
500
Ω
IOUT_CL
Maximum OUT current limit
Regulation (Clamp)
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 3.6V, VISET2 = Low, Riset: 600Ω
→ 250Ω, IOUT latches off after tDGL-SHORT
1.05
1.4
A
0.75
0.85
V
BATTERY SHORT PROTECTION
VOUT(SC)
OUT pin short-circuit detection
threshold/ precharge threshold
VOUT: 3V → 0.5V, no deglitch
VOUT(SC-HYS)
OUT pin Short hysteresis
Recovery ≥ VOUT(SC) + VOUT(SC-HYS);
Rising, no Deglitch
IOUT(SC)
Source current to OUT pin during
short-circuit detection
0.8
77
10
15
mV
20
mA
QUIESCENT CURRENT
IOUT(PDWN)
Battery current into OUT pin
VIN = 0V
1
IOUT(DONE)
OUT pin current, charging terminated
VIN = 6V, VOUT > VOUT(REG)
6
IIN(STDBY)
Standby current into IN pin
TS = LO, VIN ≤ 6V
Active supply current, IN pin
TS = open, VIN = 6V, TTDM – no load on OUT pin,
VOUT > VOUT(REG), IC enabled
ICC
μA
125
μA
0.8
1
mA
BATTERY CHARGER FAST-CHARGE
6
VOUT(REG)
Battery regulation voltage
VIN = 5.5V, IOUT = 25mA, VTS-45°C ≤ VTS ≤ VTS-0°C
4.16
4.20
4.23
V
VO_HT(REG)
Battery hot regulation Voltage
VIN = 5.5V, IOUT = 25mA, VTS-60°C ≤ VTS ≤ VTS-45°C
4.02
4.06
4.1
V
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
IOUT(RANGE)
Programmed Output “fast charge”
current range
VOUT(REG) > VOUT > VLOWV, VIN = 5V, ISET2=Lo,
RISET = 675 to 10.8kΩ
VDO(IN-OUT)
Drop-Out, VIN – VOUT
Adjust VIN down until IOUT = 0.5A, VOUT = 4.15V,
RISET = 675 , ISET2 = Lo (Adaptor Mode);
Tj ≤ 100°C
IOUT
Output “fast charge” formula
VOUT(REG) > VOUT > VLOWV, VIN = 5V, ISET2 = Lo
KISET
Fast charge current factor
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
800
mA
500
mV
10
325
KISET/RISET
RISET = KISET /IOUT 50 < IOUT < 1 A
510
RISET = KISET /IOUT 25 < IOUT < 50 mA
RISET = KISET /IOUT 10 < IOUT < 25 mA
A
540
570
480
527
600
350
520
680
2.4
2.5
2.6
AΩ
PRECHARGE – SET BY PRETERM PIN
VLOWV
Precharge to fast-charge transition
threshold
tDGL1(LOWV)
Deglitch time on precharge to fastcharge transition
IPRE-TERM
Refer to the Termination Section
%PRECHG
Precharge Current Level, Default
Setting
VOUT < VLOWV; RPRE-TERM = High Z (≥13kΩ);
RISET = 1k
Precharge current formula
RPRE-TERM = KPRE-CHG (Ω/%) × %PRE-CHG (%)
KPRE-CHG
70
% Precharge Factor
18
V
μs
20
22
%IOUT-CC
RPRE-TERM/KPRE-CHG
VOUT < VLOWV, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 2k to 10kΩ;
RISET = 1080Ω , RPRE-TERM = KPRE-CHG × %IFASTCHG, where %IFAST-CHG is 20 to 100%
90
100
110
Ω/%
VOUT < VLOWV, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 1k to 2kΩ;
RISET = 1080Ω, RPRE-TERM = KPRE-CHG × %IFASTCHG, where %IFAST-CHG is 10% to 20%
84
100
117
Ω/%
TERMINATION – SET BY PRE-TERM PIN
%TERM
KTERM
Termination Current Threshold,
Default Setting
VOUT > VRCH; RPRE-TERM = High Z (≥13kΩ);
RISET = 1k
Termination Current Threshold
Formula
RPRE-TERM = KTERM (Ω/%) × %TERM (%)
% Term Factor
9
10
11
%IOUT-CC
RPRE-TERM/ KTERM
VOUT > VRCH, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 2k to 10kΩ ;
RISET = 750Ω; KTERM × %IFAST-CHG,
where %IFAST-CHG is 10 to 50%
182
VOUT > VRCH, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 1k to 2kΩ ;
RISET = 750Ω; KTERM × %IFAST-CHG,
where %IFAST-CHG is 5 to 10%
174
199
224
71
75
81
μA
IPRE-TERM
Current for programming the term. and
precharge with resistor. ITerm-Start is the RPRE-TERM = 2k, VOUT = 4.15V
initial PRE-TERM curent.
%TERM
Termination current formula
ITerm-Start
Start,
200
216
Ω/%
RTERM/ KTERM
Elevated PRE-TERM current for, tTermduring start of charge to prevent
recharge of full battery,
80
85
92
μA
VO(REG)–
0.120
VO(REG) –
0.095
VO(REG)–
0.070
V
VO_HT(REG) VO_HT(REG) VO_HT(REG)
–0.130
–0.105
–0.080
V
RECHARGE OR REFRESH
VRCH
Recharge detection threshold –
Normal Temp
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, VOUT: 4.25V → VRCH
Recharge detection threshold – Hot
Temp
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.2V, VOUT: 4.15V → VRCH
BATTERY DETECT ROUTINE(1)
VREG-BD
VOUT Reduced regulation during
battery detect
IBD-SINK
Sink current during VREG-BD
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, Battery Absent
VO(REG)–
0.450
VO(REG)–
0.350
VO(REG)–
0.100
VO(REG)–
0.050
V
VREG-BD
+0.100
VREG-BD
+0.150
V
6
VBD-HI
High battery detection threshold
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, Battery Absent
VO(REG)–
0.150
VBD-LO
Low battery detection threshold
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, Battery Absent
VREG-BD
+0.050
BATTERY-PACK NTC
VO(REG–
0.400
10
V
mA
MONITOR(2)
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
TYP
MAX
INTC-10k
NTC bias current; 10k NTC thermistor,
VTS = 0.3V
BQ24050
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
48
50
52
μA
INTC-100k
NTC bias current; 100k NTC
thermistor, BQ24052
VTS = 0.3V
4.8
5
5.2
μA
INTC-DIS-10k
BQ24050 bias current when Charging
is disabled.
VTS = 0V
27
30
34
μA
INTC-DIS-100k
BQ24052 bias current when Charging
is disabled.
VTS = 0V
4.4
5
5.8
μA
INTC-FLDBK-10k
INTC is reduced prior to entering
TTDM to keep cold thermistor from
entering TTDM, BQ24050
VTS: Set to 1.525V
4
5
6.5
μA
INTC-FLDBK-100k
INTC is reduced prior to entering
TTDM to keep cold thermistor from
entering TTDM, BQ24052
VTS: Set to 1.525V
1.1
1.5
1.9
μA
VTTDM(TS)
Termination and timer disable mode
Threshold – Enter
VTS: 0.5V → 1.7V; Timer Held in Reset
1550
1600
1650
mV
VHYS-TTDM(TS)
Hysteresis exiting TTDM
VTS: 1.7V → 0.5V; Timer Enabled
VCLAMP(TS)
TS maximum voltage clamp
VTS= Open (Float)
1800
1950
2000
mV
VTS_I-FLDBK
TS voltage where INTC is reduce to
keep thermistor from entering TTDM
INTC adjustment (90 to 10%; 45 to 6.6uA) takes
place near this spec threshold.
VTS: 1.425V → 1.525V
CTS
Optional Capacitance – ESD
VTS-0°C
BQ2405x Low temperature CHG
Pending
Low Temp Charging to Pending;
VTS: 1V → 1.5V
VHYS-0°C
Hysteresis at 0°C
Charge pending to low temp charging;
VTS: 1.5V → 1V
VTS-10°C
Low temperature, half charge
Normal charging to low temp charging;
VTS: 0.5V → 1V
VHYS-10°C
Hysteresis at 10°C
Low temp charging to normal CHG;
VTS: 1V → 0.5V
VTS-45°C
High temperature at 4.1V
Normal charging to high temp CHG;
VTS: 0.5V → 0.2V
VHYS-45°C
Hysteresis at 45°C
High temp charging to normal CHG;
VTS: 0.2V → 0.5V
VTS-60°C
High temperature Disable
High temp charge to pending;
VTS: 0.2V → 0.1V
VHYS-60°C
Hysteresis at 60°C
Charge pending to high temp CHG;
VTS: 0.1V → 0.2V
VTS-EN-10k
Charge Enable Threshold, (10k NTC)
VTS: 0V → 0.175V;
VTS-DIS_HYS-10k
HYS below VTS-EN-10k to Disable, (10k
VTS: 0.125V → 0V;
NTC)
VTS-EN-100k
Charge Enable Threshold, (100k NTC) VTS: 0V → 0.175V
VTS-DIS_HYS-100k
HYS below VTS-EN-100k to Disable,
(100k NTC)
100
1205
mV
1475
mV
0.22
μF
1230
1255
86
765
790
278
815
178
293
88
186
VTS: 0.125V → 0V;
150
mV
mV
96
12
140
mV
mV
11.5
80
mV
mV
10.7
170
mV
mV
35
263
UNIT
mV
mV
160
mV
50
mV
°C
THERMAL REGULATION
TJ(REG)
Temperature regulation limit
125
TJ(OFF)
Thermal shutdown temperature
155
°C
TJ(OFF-HYS)
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
20
°C
LOGIC LEVELS ON ISET2
VIL
Logic LOW input voltage
Sink more than 8μA
VIH
Logic HIGH input voltage
Source more than 8μA
0.4
1.4
V
V
IIL
Sink current required for LO
2
9
μA
IIH
Source current required for HI
1.1
9.5
μA
VFLT
ISET2 Float Voltage
650
1200
mV
900
D+/D– DETECTION – BQ2405x
8
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
0.475
0.6
0.7
V
1.5
mA
150
μA
VD+ = 5V
1
μA
VD– = 5V
1
μA
VD+
Bias at D+, during detection routine
Can source at least 200μA
ID+
Current Limit at D+ pin, during
detection routine
VD+ = 0V
ID–
Current Sink at D– pin, during
detection routine
VD– = 0.5V
ID+_LEAK
D+ leakage when not in detection
mode
ID–_LEAK
D– leakage when not in detection
mode
VDPDM_0.4V
D– Comparator Threshold Rising
VDPDM_HYS_0.4V
D– Comparator Hysteresis
VDPDM_0.8V
D+/D– Comparator Threshold Rising
VDPDM_HYS_0.8V
D+/D– Comparator Hysteresis
50
100
0.35
0.45
42
0.75
UNIT
V
mV
0.875
42
V
mV
LOGIC LEVELS ON CHG
VOL
Output LOW voltage
ISINK = 5mA
0.4
V
Ilkg
Leakage current into IC
V CHG = 5V
1
μA
(1)
(2)
In Hot Mode VO(REG) becomes VO_HT(REG)
TS pin: BQ24050: 10k NTC; BQ24052: 100k NTC; see Section 7.3.11 for thermistor information.
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6.6 Timing Requirements
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
PRECHARGE – SET BY PRETERM PIN
tDGL2(LOWV)
Deglitch time on fast-charge to precharge transition
32
ms
29
ms
1.25
min
57
ms
8
μs
TERMINATION – SET BY PRE-TERM PIN
tDGL(TERM)
Deglitch time, termination detected
tTerm-Start
Elevated termination threshold initially active for tTerm-Start
BATTERY-PACK NTC MONITOR(2)
tDGL(TTDM)
Deglitch exit TTDM between states
Deglitch enter TTDM between states
6.7 Switching Characteristics
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
INPUT
tDGL(OVP-SET)
Input overvoltage blanking time
VIN: 5V → 12V
tDGL(OVP-REC)
Deglitch time exiting OVP
Time measured from VIN: 12V → 5V
113
μs
30
μs
1
ms
ISET SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
tDGL_SHORT
Deglitch time transition from ISET short
Clear fault by cycling IN or TS
to Iout disable
RECHARGE OR REFRESH
tDGL1(RCH)
Deglitch time, recharge threshold
detected
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, VOUT: 4.25V → 3.5V in
1μs; tDGL1(RCH) is time to ISET ramp
29
ms
tDGL2(RCH)
Deglitch time, recharge threshold
detected in OUT-Detect Mode
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, VOUT = 3.5V inserted;
tDGL2(RCH) is time to ISET ramp
3.6
ms
VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, Battery Absent
25
ms
BATTERY DETECT ROUTINE(1)
tDGL(HI/LOW REG)
Regulation time at VREG or VREG-BD
BATTERY CHARGING TIMERS AND FAULT TIMERS
tPRECHG
Precharge safety timer value
Restarts when entering precharge; Always
enabled when in precharge.
tMAXCH
Charge safety timer value
Clears fault or resets at UVLO, TS (CE) disable,
OUT Short, exiting LOWV and Refresh
1700
1940
2250
s
34000
38800
45000
s
BATTERY-PACK NTC MONITOR(2)
tDGL(TS_10C)
Deglitch for TS thresholds: 10°C
tDGL(TS)
Deglitch for TS thresholds: 0/45/60C.
Normal to Cold Operation: VTS: 0.6V → 1V
40
ms
Cold to Normal Operation: VTS: 1.0V → 0.6V
12
ms
Battery charging
30
ms
t = 0 at D– pulled-up > 0.5V or D+ pulled up
externally, >0.8V
65
ms
D+/D– DETECTION – BQ2405x
tDPDM
10
DetectionTime from start of D+/D–
detection to latched output
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6.8 Typical Characteristics
SETUP: BQ24050, BQ24052 typical applications schematic; VIN = 5 V, VBAT = 3.6 V (unless otherwise indicated)
RISET = 1k; IOUT_FAST_CHG = 540 mA; RPAC_TERM = 2k; IOUT_PRE_CHG = 108 mA; IOUT_TERM = 54 mA
6.8.1 Power Up, Down, OVP, Disable and Enable Waveforms
Vin
Vin
2V/div
D+
2V/div
D+
1V/div
Vd-
1V/div
Vd-
1V/div
1V/div
Vchg
2V/div
5V/div
Viset
2V/div
Vchg
Viset
2V/div
t - time - 100ms/div
t - time - 10ms/div
.
Detected D– line pulled to 0.6 V and the detection routine is
started
Figure 6-1. D+ D– Detection for Adaptor Hot Plug
Vin
.
No signal detected on D+ or D–. After 500 ms, the detection
routine is forced to run
Figure 6-2. D+ D– Detection for Unknown Source
Hot Plug
Vin
2V/div
2V/div
D+
1V/div
Vd-
1V/div
End of
Detection
Routine
D+
1V/div
Detection Routine
Started
Vd1V/div
5V/div
Vchg
5V/div
Viset
2V/div
Viset
USB Communication
Between Host and
Device Receiver
Vchg
2V/div
t - time - 100ms/div
(Device transceiver is "dead") After 500 ms, the detection
routine is forced to run.
Figure 6-3. D+ D– Detection for USB Hot Plug No
Pullup
t - time - 50ms/div
Figure 6-4. D+ D– Detection for USB Hot Plug With
Pullup
Vout
Vin
2V/div
Vchg
Vout
Viset
500mV/div
1 Battery Detect Cycle
1V/div
5V/div
1V/div
Viset
1V/div
Vts
1V/div
Vts
Entered TTDM
2V/div
t - time - 5ms/div
t - time - 10ms/div
42-Ω Load
100–Ω Load
Figure 6-5. Battery Removal – GND Removed First
Figure 6-6. Battery Removal With OUT and TS
Disconnect First
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Vout
1V/div
Vchg
Battery Declared Absent
5V/div
Viset
1V/div
V_0.1 W_OUT
100mV/div
t - time - 20ms/div
.
Continuous battery detection when not in TTDM
Figure 6-7. Battery Removal With Fixed TS = 0.5 V
12
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6.8.2 Protection Circuits Waveforms
Vchg
Vin
2V/div
2V/div
Vchg
Vin
2V/div
2V/div
500mV/div
Short Detected in 100mA
mode and Latched Off
Viset
Viset
V_0.1W_OUT
20mV/div
500mV/div
V_0.1 W_OUT
20mV/div
t - time - 1ms/div
t - time - 5ms/div
CH4: IOUT (0.2 A/Div)
CH4: IOUT (0.2 A/Div)
Figure 6-8. ISET Shorted Before USB Power Up
Vin
Figure 6-9. DPM – Adaptor Current Limits – VIN
Regulated to 4.3 V
2V/div
Vchg
Vin
Vout
2V/div
1V/div
2V/div
Enters
Thermal
Regulation
Exits
Thermal
Regulation
Viset
1V/div
500mV/div
20mV/div
V_0.1W_OUT
Viset
50mV/div
V_0.1W_OUT
t - time - 500ms/div
t - time - 1s/div
Figure 6-10. DPM – USB Current Limits – VIN
Regulated to 4.4 V
The IC temperature rises to 125°C and enters thermal
regulation. Charge current is reduced to regulate the IC at
125°C .
VIN is reduced, the IC temperature drops, the charge current
returns to the programmed value.
Figure 6-11. Thermal Regulator – VIN Increases
546
4.212
Kiset
VO @ 0°C
544
VOUT - Output Voltage DC - V
542
Low to High Currents
(may occur in recharge to fast charge transion)
540
Kiset - W
ROUT = 100 Ω
4.21
538
High to Low Currents
(may occur in Voltage Regulation - Taper Current)
536
534
532
530
4.208
4.206
VO @ 25°C
4.204
4.202
VO @ 85°C
4.2
4.198
528
0
.15
0.2
0.4
IO - Output Current - A
0.6
0.8
Figure 6-12. KISET for Low and High Currents
4.196
4.5
5
5.5
VI - Input Voltage DC - V
6
6.5
Figure 6-13. Line Regulation
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363.4
4.2
363.2
4.199
IO @ 25°C
IO - Output Current - mA
Vreg @ 25°C
VO - Output Voltage - V
4.198
Vreg @ 85°C
4.197
4.196
4.195
Vreg @ 0°C
362.8
362.4
362.2
4.193
362
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
IO - Output Current - A
0.8
1
Figure 6-14. Load Regulation Overtemperature
IO @ 85°C
362.6
4.194
4.192
14
363
361.8
2.5
IO @ 0°C
3
3.5
VO - Output Voltage - V
4
4.5
Figure 6-15. Current Regulation Overtemperature
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The BQ2405x is a highly integrated family of 2-mm × 2-mm single-cell Li-Ion and Li-Pol chargers. The charger
can be used to charge a battery, power a system or both. The charger has three phases of charging: precharge
to recover a fully discharged battery, fast-charge constant current to supply the buck charge safely and voltage
regulation to safely reach full capacity. The charger is flexible, allowing programming of the fast-charge current,
precharge current and termination. This charger is designed to work with a USB connection or adaptor (DC out).
The charger also checks to see if a battery is present.
The charger also comes with a full set of safety features: JEITA Temperature Standard, Overvoltage Protection,
DPM-IN, Safety Timers, and ISET short protection. All of these features and more are described in detail below.
The charger is designed for a single power path from the input to the output to charge a single cell Li-Ion or
Li-Pol battery pack. Upon application of a 5VDC power source the D+, D– detection routine is run to determine if
the source is an Adaptor or a USB port. This feature is useful, when the battery is discharged (USB transceiver
dead) or there is no transceiver, by early detection of an adaptor, thus allowing initial charging at the adaptor
level. ISET and OUT short checks are performed in parallel with the detection routine to assure a proper charge
cycle.
If the battery voltage is below the LOWV threshold, the battery is considered discharged and a preconditioning
cycle begins. The amount of precharge current can be programmed using the PRE-TERM pin which programs
a percent of fast charge current (10 to 100%) as the precharge current. This feature is useful when the system
load is connected across the battery stealing the battery current. The precharge current can be set higher to
account for the system loading while allowing the battery to be properly conditioned. The PRE-TERM pin is a
dual-function pin which sets the precharge current level and the termination threshold level. The termination
"current threshold" is always half of the precharge programmed current level.
Once the battery voltage has charged to the VLOWV threshold, fast charge is initiated and the fast charge current
is applied. The fast charge constant current is programmed using the ISET pin. The constant current provides
the bulk of the charge. Power dissipation in the IC is greatest in fast charge with a lower battery voltage. If the
IC reaches 125°C, the IC enters thermal regulation. Slow the timer clock by half and reduce the charge current
as needed to keep the temperature from rising any further. Figure 7-1 shows the charging profile with thermal
regulation. Typically under normal operating conditions, the IC’s junction temperature is less than 125°C and
thermal regulation is not entered.
Once the cell has charged to the regulation voltage the voltage loop takes control and holds the battery at the
regulation voltage until the current tapers to the termination threshold. The charge termination can be disabled if
desired. The CHG pin is low (LED on) during the first charge cycle only and turns off once the charge termination
threshold is reached, regardless if termination is enabled or disabled.
The TS pin monitors the voltage across the pack thermistor and implements the JEITA standard. This allows for
reduced voltage regulation at hot temperatures and reduced charge currents at low temperatures. The TS pin
incorporates a chip disable feature when pulled low and an Termination and Timer Disable Mode (TTDM) feature
when left floating or pulled high.
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7.2 Functional Block Diagram
Internal Charge
Current Sense
w/Multiple Outputs
IN
OUT
OUT
IN
OUT
+
_
+
_
80 Input
mV Power
+ Detect
_
+
-
IN-DPMREF
IOUT x 1.5 V
540 AW
Charge
Pump
OUTREGREF
TJ°C
+
_
125°CREF
FAST CHARGE
Thermal Regulation
PRE-CHARGE
ISET
IN
+
_
1.5 V
Pre-CHG Reference
+
_
USB Sense
Resistor
USB100/500REF
TJoC
+
_
Term Reference
+
_
150oCREF
Thermal Shutdown
Charge
Pump
X2 Gain (1:2)
Term:Pre-CHG
75mA+
PRE-TERM
IN
Increased from 75mA to 85mA for
1st minute of charge.
+
_
+
OUT
VTERM_EN
CHG
OVPREF
+
_
On During
1st Charge Only
+
_
ON:
OFF:
ISET2 (LOW = ISET, HI = USB500,
CHARGE
CONTROL
0.9 V Float
FLOAT = USB100)
VCOLD-10C
+
_
+
_
VHOT-45C
HI = Half CHG (JEITA)
HI = 4.06Vreg (JEITA)
0.6 V(200 mA)
VCOLD-FLT
+
_
+
_
VHOT-FLT
D+
D+ / DDETECTION
CONTROL
- On Initial
Supply Power
Connection
LO = TTDM MODE
HI = Suspend CHG
TS
VTTDM
VDISABLE
+
_
16
(100 mA)
HI = CHIP DISABLE
+
_
Cold Temperature
Sink Current
VCLAMP = 1.4 V
= 45mA
+
_
5 mA
D-
Disable
Sink Current
= 20mA
+
_
45mA
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VO(REG)
PreConditioning
Phase
Thermal
Regulation
Phase
Current
Regulation
Phase
Voltage Regulation and
Charge Termination
Phase
DONE
IO(OUT)
FAST-CHARGE
CURRENT
PRE-CHARGE
CURRENT AND
TERMINATION
THRESHOLD
Battery
Voltage,
V(OUT)
Battery Current,
I(OUT)
Charge
Complete
Status,
Charger
Off
VO(LOWV)
I(TERM)
IO(PRECHG)
T(THREG)
0A
Temperature, Tj
T(PRECHG)
T(CHG)
DONE
Figure 7-1. Charging Profile With Thermal Regulation
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Power Down, or Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
The BQ2405x family is in power down mode if the voltage of the IN pin is less than UVLO. The part is
considered dead and all the pins are high impedance. Once the IN voltage rises above the UVLO threshold the
IC enters Sleep Mode or Active mode depending on the voltage of the OUT pin (battery).
7.3.2 Power Up
The IC is alive after the IN voltage ramps above UVLO (see Section 7.4.1), resets all logic and timers, and starts
to perform the D+D– detection along with many of the continuous monitoring routines. The D+/D– detection
typically take less than 100 ms, but can take as long as 600 ms if there is no activity on the D+ or D– lines which
indicates the device transceiver nor an adaptor is present. Typically the input voltage quickly rises through the
UVLO and sleep states where the IC declares power good, starts the qualification charge at 100 mA, finishes
the USB detection routine, sets the input current limit threshold base on the source detected (ISET=adaptor or
100mA=USB), starts the safety timer, and enables the CHG pin. See Figure 7-3.
7.3.3 D+, D– Detection
This detection is designed to give the charger advance notice that an adaptor or USB port is connect for the
cases where the battery is discharged and device transceiver is not able to communicate with a USB host or
there is not a device transceiver. If an adaptor is detected, then the charger can immediately start charging
at the programmed ISET level. Without this early detection, the charger would have to default to the 100-mA
input current level to make sure it was not over-loading a low power USB port. The detection method monitors
the D+, D– communication lines looking for a short between the lines (Adaptor source connected) or pulldown
resistors on D+, D– (USB source connected) to determine what source is connected (no USB communication
takes place). If an adaptor source is detected then the charger will transition from the 100 mA startup level to the
ISET programmed current level. If a USB port is detected, the input current limit will stay at the 100 mA level.
If a different charge level is desired, than the one detected, the host has to change the state of the ISET2 pin
(signals the internal logic to start using the ISET2 as the program pin) and then set to the desired state.
The D+ and D– pin connections inside the charger are disconnected within 100 ms of the D+ or D– lines being
pulled high (start of detection), to minimize any interaction between the charger detection pins and the USB
normal communications. If the device transceiver is able to communicate with the USB host, communication
typically starts after 100 ms after the device has pulled the D+ or D– line high indicating it is “on line”, and by
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then the IC detection is complete and has been disconnected. The device host then may change the ISET2 level
or disable the IC by pulling the TS pin low.
7.3.4 New Charge Cycle
A new charge cycle is started when a good power source is applied, performing a chip disable/enable (TS pin),
exiting Termination and Timer Disable Mode (TTDM), detecting a battery insertion or the OUT voltage dropping
below the VRCH threshold. The CHG pin is active low only during the first charge cycle, therefore exiting TTDM
or a dropping below VRCH will not turn on the CHG pin FET, if the CHG pin is already high impedance.
VSS
1.8V
Disabled
4.06 V
HOT
Operation
Normal
Operation
4.06 V
HOT
Operation
HOT
Fault
Disabled
Normal
Operation
Cold
Operation
Cold
Fault
LDO
Mode
Cold
Fault
tDGL(TTDM)
Enter
Normal
Operation
Cold
Operation
t < tDGL(IS)
Normal
Operation
LDO
Mode
tDGL(TTDM)
Enter
tDGL(TTDM)
Exit
LDO
t < tDGL(TTDM)
Exit
LDOHYS
tDGL(TS)
tDGL(TS)
tDGL(TS1_IOC)
Cold to Normal
0°C
0°CHYS
tDGL(TS_IOC)
Rising
tDGL(TS_IOC)
Falling
10°C
10°CHYS
tDGL(TS)
tDGL(TS)
tDGL(TS)
45°CHYS
45°C
tDGL(TS)
tDGL(TS)
60°CHYS
Dots Show Threshold Trip Points
fllowed by a deglitch time before
transitioning into a new mode.
60°C
EN
DISHYS
0V
t
Drawing Not to Scale
Figure 7-2. TS Battery Temperature Bias Threshold and Deglitch Timers
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Apply Input
Power
Is Chip Enabled &Alive?
VTS > VEN
& VIN>VUVLO
No
Yes
Start Running USB
Detection Routine
Yes
Is power good?
VBAT +VDT < VIN < VOVP
& VUVLO < VIN
No
Yes
Set Input Current Limit to 100mA
and Start Charge
Perform ISET & OUT short tests
Remember ISET2 State
Yes
Has ISET2 changed state since
Detection Routine was run?
No
Yes
Set charge current
based on ISET2 truth
table.
Set charge current
based Detection
Routine..
Return to
Charge
Figure 7-3. Power Up Flow Diagram
7.3.5 Overvoltage Protection (OVP) – Continuously Monitored
If the input source applies an overvoltage, the pass FET, if previously on, turns off after a deglitch, tBLK(OVP). The
timer ends and the CHG pin goes to a high impedance state. Once the overvoltage returns to a normal voltage,
timer continues, charge continues and the CHG pin goes low after a 25-ms deglitch.
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7.3.6 CHG Pin Indication
The charge pin has an internal open drain FET which is on (pulls down to VSS) during the first charge only
(independent of TTDM) and is turned off once the battery reaches voltage regulation and the charge current
tapers to the termination threshold set by the PRE-TERM resistor.
The charge pin will be high impedance in sleep mode and OVP and return to its previous state when the
condition is removed.
Cycling input power, pulling the TS pin low and releasing or entering precharge mode will cause the CHG pin to
reset and is considered the start of a first charge.
7.3.7 CHG LED Pullup Source
For host monitoring, a pullup resistor is used between the STATUS pin and the VCC of the host and for a visual
indication a resistor in series with an LED is connected between the STATUS pin and a power source. If the
CHG source can exceed 7 V, a 6.2-V Zener diode should be used to clamp the voltage. If the source is the OUT
pin, note that as the battery changes voltage, the brightness of the LEDs vary.
CHARGING STATE
CHG FET/LED
1st Charge
ON
Refresh Charge
OVP
OFF
SLEEP
TEMP FAULT
ON for 1st Charge
7.3.8 Input DPM Mode (VIN-DPM or IN-DPM)
The IN-DPM feature is used to detect an input source voltage that is folding back (voltage dropping), reaching its
current limit due to an excessive load. When the input voltage drops to the VIN-DPM threshold the internal pass
FET starts to reduce the current until there is no further drop in voltage at the input. This would prevent a source
with voltage less than VIN-DPM to power the out pin. This works well with current limited adaptors and USB ports
as long as the nominal voltage is above 4.3 V and 4.4 V respectively. This is an added safety feature that helps
protect the source from excessive loads.
7.3.9 OUT
The OUT pin of the charger provides current to the battery and to the system, if present. This IC can be used
to charge the battery plus power the system, charge just the battery or just power the system (TTDM) assuming
the loads do not exceed the available current. The OUT pin is a current limited source and is inherently protected
against shorts. If the system load ever exceeds the output programmed current threshold, the output will be
discharged unless there is sufficient capacitance or a charged battery present to supplement the excessive load.
20
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7.3.10 ISET
An external resistor is used to Program the Output Current (10 mA to 1.0 A) and can be used as a current
monitor.
RISET = KISET ÷ IOUT
(1)
Where:
IOUT is the desired fast charge current;
KISET is a gain factor found in the electrical specification
For greater accuracy at lower currents, part of the sense FET is disabled to give better resolution. Figure 6-12
shows the transition from low current to higher current. Going from higher currents to low currents, there is
hysteresis and the transition occurs around 0.15 A.
o
1.8
For < 45 C, 4.2V Regulation
No Operation
During Cold
Fault
3
o
1.6
o
60 C to 45 C
HOT TEMP
4.06V
Regulation
1.4
VOUT
IO - Output Current - A
3.5
2.5
< 48oC
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
o
o
o
0C
10 C
60 C
Termination
Disable
2
100% of Programmed
Current
} IC Disable
} Hot Fault
Normalized OUT Current and VREG - V
4
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
IOUT Internal Clamp Range
1
0.8
IOUT Programmed
max
0.6
ISET Short
Fault
Range
min
0.2
Cold
Fault
IOUT
0.2
1.2
0.4
50%
IOUT Clamp min - max
4.5
IOUT Fault min - max
The ISET resistor is short protected and will detect a resistance lower than ≉340 Ω. The detection requires at
least 80 mA of output current. If a “short” is detected, then the IC will latch off and can only be reset by cycling
the power. The OUT current is internally clamped to a maximum current between 1.05 A and 1.4 A and is
independent of the ISET short detection circuitry, as shown in Figure 7-5. Also, see Figure 8-2 and Figure 6-8.
Non Restricted
Operating Area
0
1.6
1.8
100
VTS - Voltage - V
1000
10000
ISET - W
Figure 7-4. Operation Over TS Bias Voltage
Figure 7-5. Programmed / Clamped Out Current
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7.3.11 TS
The TS pin is designed to follow the new JEITA temperature standard for Li-Ion and Li-Pol batteries. There
are now four thresholds, 60°C, 45°C, 10°C, and 0°C. Normal operation occurs from 10°C to 45°C. If between
0°C and 10°C the charge current level is cut in half and if between 45°C and 60°C the regulation voltage is
reduced to 4.1 Vmax, see Figure 7-4. The TS feature is implemented using an internal 50-μA current source
to bias the thermistor (BQ24050 designed for use with a 10k NTC β = 3370 (SEMITEC 103AT-2 or Mitsubishi
TH05-3H103F), and BQ24052 with a 100k NTC β = 3540 (Mitsubishi TH05-36104F) or equivalent) connected
from the TS pin to VSS. If this feature is not needed, a fixed 10k can be placed between TS and VSS to allow
normal operation. This may be done if the host is monitoring the thermistor and then the host would determine
when to pull the TS pin low to disable charge.
The TS pin has two additional features, when the TS pin is pulled low or floated/driven high. A low disables
charge (similar to a CE feature) and a high puts the charger in TTDM.
Above 60°C or below 0°C the charge is disable. Once the thermistor reaches ≉–10°C the TS current folds back
to keep a cold thermistor (from –10°C to –50°C) from placing the IC in the TTDM mode. If the TS pin is pulled
low into disable mode, the current is reduce to ≉30 μA, see Figure 7-2. Because the ITS current is fixed along
with the temperature thresholds, it is not possible to use thermistor values other than the 10k and 100k.
7.3.12 Termination and Timer Disable Mode (TTDM) -TS Pin High
The battery charger is in TTDM when the TS pin goes high from removing the thermistor (removing battery
pack/floating the TS pin) or by pulling the TS pin up to the TTDM threshold.
When entering TTDM, the 10 hour safety timer is held in reset and termination is disabled. A battery detect
routine is run to see if the battery was removed or not. If the battery was removed then the CHG pin will go to its
high impedance state if not already there. If a battery is detected the CHG pin does not change states until the
current tapers to the termination threshold, where the CHG pin goes to its high impedance state if not already
there (the regulated output will remain on).
The charging profile does not change (still has precharge, fast-charge constant current and constant voltage
modes). This implies the battery is still charged safely and the current is allowed to taper to zero.
When coming out of TTDM, the battery detect routine is run and if a battery is detected, then a new charge cycle
begins and the CHG LED turns on.
If TTDM is not desired upon removing the battery with the thermistor, one can add a 237k resistor between TS
and VSS to disable TTDM. This keeps the current source from driving the TS pin into TTDM. This creates ≉0.1°C
error at hot and a ≉3°C error at cold.
7.3.13 Timers
The precharge timer is set to 30 minutes . The precharge current, can be programmed to offset any system load,
making sure that the 30 minutes is adequate.
The fast charge timer is fixed at 10 hours and can be increased real time by going into thermal regulation,
IN-DPM or if in USB current limit. The timer clock slows by a factor of 2, resulting in a clock than counts half as
fast when in these modes. If either the 30 minute or 10-hour timer times out, the charging is terminated and the
CHG pin goes high impedance if not already in that state. The timer is reset by disabling the IC, cycling power, or
going into and out of TTDM.
7.3.14 Termination
Once the OUT pin goes above VRCH, (reaches voltage regulation) and the current tapers down to the
termination threshold, the CHG pin goes high impedance and a battery detect route is run to determine if the
battery was removed or the battery is full. If the battery is present, the charge current terminates. If the battery
was removed along with the thermistor, then the TS pin is driven high and the charge enters TTDM. If the battery
was removed and the TS pin is held in the active region, then the battery detect routine continues until a battery
is inserted.
22
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7.3.15 Battery Detect Routine
The battery detect routine should check for a missing battery while keeping the OUT pin at a useable voltage.
Whenever the battery is missing the CHG pin should be high impedance.
The battery detect routine is run when entering and exiting TTDM to verify if battery is present, or run all the time
if battery is missing and not in TTDM. On power up, if battery voltage is greater than VRCH threshold, a battery
detect routine is run to determine if a battery is present.
The battery detect routine will be disabled while the IC is in TTDM or has a TS fault. See Figure 7-6 for the
Battery Detect Flow diagram.
7.3.16 Refresh Threshold
After termination, if the OUT pin voltage drops to VRCH (100 mV below regulation) then a new charge is
initiated, but the CHG pin remains at a high impedance (off).
7.3.17 Starting a Charge on a Full Battery
The termination threshold is raised by ≉14%, for the first minute of a charge cycle so if a full battery is removed
and reinserted or a new charge cycle is initiated, that the new charge terminates (less than 1 minute). Batteries
that have relaxed many hours may take several minutes to taper to the termination threshold and terminate
charge.
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Start
BATT_DETECT
Start 25ms timer
Timer Expired?
No
Yes
Is VOUTVREG-300mV?
Battery Present
Turn off Sink Current
Return to flow
No
Battery Absent
Don’t Signal Charge
Turn off Sink Current
Return to Flow
Figure 7-6. Battery Detect Flow Diagram
24
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7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Sleep Mode
If the IN pin voltage is between VOUT+VDT and UVLO, the charge current is disabled, the safety timer counting
stops (not reset) and the CHG pins are high impedance. As the input voltage rises and the charger exits sleep
mode, the safety timer continues to count, charge is enabled and the CHG pin returns to its previous state.
7.5 Programming
7.5.1 PRE_TERM – Precharge and Termination Programmable Threshold
Pre-Term is used to program both the precharge current and the termination current threshold, on the BQ2405x.
The precharge current level is a factor of two higher than the termination current level. The termination can be
set between 5 and 50% of the programmed output current level set by ISET. If left floating the termination and
precharge are set internally at 10/20%, respectively. The precharge-to-fast-charge, Vlowv threshold is set to 2.5 V.
RPRE-TERM = %Term × KTERM = %Pre-CHG × KPRE-CHG
(2)
Where:
%Term is the percent of fast charge current where termination occurs;
%Pre-CHG is the percent of fast charge current that is desired during precharge;
KTERM and KPRE-CHG are gain factors found in the electrical specifications.
7.5.2 ISET2
Is a 3-state input and programs the Input Current Limit/Regulation Threshold. A low will program a regulated
fast charge current via the ISET resistor and is the maximum allowed input/output current for any ISET2 setting,
Float will program a 100-mA Current limit and High will program a 500-mA Current limit. Note that initially the
D+/D– detection will latch the charge mode according to the source detected (dedicated charger: ISET; USB
Host: at 100 mA) until the ISET2 pin has changed states, indicating the processor or transceiver is controlling the
pin.
The detection routine registers the input level (Low–High-Z–High) of the ISET2 pin typically 532 μs after applying
input power (VIN > 3.4 V – UVLO). After the detection routine is complete, which is typically 100 ms after a pullup
on the D+ or D– line or after typically 570 ms if no pullup, the IC monitors the ISET2 pin for a change of state.
If the state changes (Low–High-Z–High) from the one registered, for more than 5 μs, then the "detected" latched
charge mode is released and is then controlled by the ISET2 pin. The completion of the detection routine varies
due to the mechanical-plugging action of the USB cable; therefore, it is best to wait ≥ 600 ms after VIN > 3.4 V to
take control of the ISET2 pin.
The following illustration shows two configurations for driving the 3-state ISET2 pin:
VCC
VCC
To
ISET2
R1
To ISET2
Drive
Logic
Q1
OR
Drive
Logic
R1/R2 Divider
set to 0.9 V
Which is the
Float Voltage
R2
Q2
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8 Application and Implementation
Note
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification,
and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for
determining suitability of components for their purposes, as well as validating and testing their design
implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The BQ2405x evaluation module (EVM) is used to perform a stand-alone evaluation for the BQ2405x device
family. Refer to the 0.8-A, Single-Input, Single-Cell Li-Ion Battery Charger User's Guide for details.
8.2 Typical Applications
8.2.1 BQ2405x Charger Application Design Example
The BQ2405x chargers are designed to deliver up to 800 mA of continuous current to the battery output when
programmed with a resistor on the ISET pin and is programmed for typically 540 mA at the factory. The USB
current limit modes are selected by the ISET2 pin and ISET2 pin programs the charge current using the ISET
resistor.
BQ24050/2
Adaptor
1
DC+
IN
OUT
System Load
10
1.5kW
GND
2
ISET
TS
9
3
VSS
CHG
8
4
PRETERM
5
D+
Battery Pack
+
1kW
1mF
1mF
OR
ISET 2 7
D- 6
VDD
2kW
TTDM
USB Port
ISET/100/500 mA
VBUS
GND
GND
D+
D+
D-
D-
Host
Disconnect after Detection
IOUT_FAST_CHG = 540 mA; IOUT_PRE_CHG = 108 mA; IOUT_TERM = 54 mA
Figure 8-1. Typical Application Circuit, BQ24050, BQ24052
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
•
•
•
•
•
26
Supply voltage = 5 V
Fast charge current: IOUT-FC = 540 mA; ISET-pin 2
Termination Current Threshold: %IOUT-FC = 10% of Fast Charge or ≉54 mA
Precharge Current by default is twice the termination Current or ≉108 mA
TS – Battery Temperature Sense = 10-kΩ NTC (103AT)
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8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.1.2.1 Program the Fast Charge Current, ISET
RISET = [K(ISET) / I(OUT)]
from electrical characteristics table. . . K(SET) = 540 AΩ
RISET = [540AΩ/0.54A] = 1.0 kΩ
Selecting the closest standard value, use a 1-kΩ resistor between ISET (pin 16) and VSS.
8.2.1.2.2 Program the Termination Current Threshold, ITERM
RPRE-TERM = K(TERM) × %IOUT-FC
RPRE-TERM = 200Ω/% × 10% = 2 kΩ
Selecting the closest standard value, use a 2-kΩ resistor between ITERM (pin 15) and Vss.
One can arrive at the same value by using 20% for a precharge value (factor of 2 difference).
RPRE-TERM = K(PRE-CHG) × %IOUT-FC
RPRE-TERM = 100Ω/% × 20%= 2 kΩ
8.2.1.2.3 TS Function
Use a 10-kΩ NTC thermistor in the battery pack (103AT).
To disable the temp sense function, use a fixed 10-kΩ resistor between the TS (Pin 1) and VSS.
8.2.1.2.4 CHG
LED Status: connect a 1.5-kΩ resistor in series with a LED between the OUT pin and the CHG pin.
Processor Monitoring: Connect a pullup resistor between the power rail of the processor and the CHG pin.
8.2.1.2.5 Selecting IN and OUT Pin Capacitors
In most applications, all that is needed is a high-frequency decoupling capacitor (ceramic) on the power pin,
input and output pins. Using the values shown on the application diagram, is recommended. After evaluation
of these voltage signals with real system operational conditions, one can determine if capacitance values can
be adjusted toward the minimum recommended values (DC load application) or higher values for fast high
amplitude pulsed load applications. Note if designed for high input voltage sources (bad adaptors or wrong
adaptors), the capacitor needs to be rated appropriately. Ceramic capacitors are tested to 2x their rated values
so a 16-V capacitor may be adequate for a 30-V transient (verify tested rating with capacitor manufacturer).
8.2.1.3 Application Curves
Vout 1V/div
Vchg 2V/div
Vchg
500 mV/div
2V/div
Iout Clamped Current
Viset
Vout
500mV/div
Vts
100 mV/div
Viset
ISET Short Detected and
Latched Off
2V/div
t - time - 50ms/div
Figure 8-2. ISET Shorted During Normal Operation
10-kΩ resistor from TS to GND.
10 kΩ is shorted to disable the IC.
Figure 8-3. TS Enable and Disable
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Vchg
2V/div
Vout
2V/div
Battery Detect Mode
Vin
5V/div
t - time - 20ms/div
.
Fixed 10-kΩ resistor, between TS and GND
Figure 8-4. Hot Plug Source w/No Battery – Battery Detection
9 Power Supply Recommendations
The devices are designed to operate from an input voltage supply range between 3.5 V and 28 V and current
capability of at least the maximum designed charge current. This input supply should be well regulated. If located
more than a few inches from the BQ2405x IN and GND terminals, a larger capacitor is recommended.
28
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10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
To obtain optimal performance, the decoupling capacitor from IN to GND (thermal pad) and the output filter
capacitors from OUT to GND (thermal pad) should be placed as close as possible to the BQ2405x, with short
trace runs to both IN, OUT and GND (thermal pad).
•
•
•
All low-current GND connections should be kept separate from the high-current charge or discharge paths
from the battery. Use a single-point ground technique incorporating both the small signal ground path and the
power ground path.
The high current charge paths into IN pin and from the OUT pin must be sized appropriately for the maximum
charge current in order to avoid voltage drops in these traces
The BQ2405x family is packaged in a thermally enhanced MLP package. The package includes a thermal
pad to provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed circuit board (PCB); this thermal
pad is also the main ground connection for the device. Connect the thermal pad to the PCB ground
connection. It is best to use multiple 10-mill vias in the power pad of the IC and in close proximity to conduct
the heat to the bottom ground plane. The bottom ground place should avoid traces that “cut off” the thermal
path. The thinner the PCB the less temperature rise. The EVM PCB has a thickness of 0.031 inches and
uses 2 oz. (2.8-mill thick) copper on top and bottom, and is a good example of optimal thermal performance.
10.2 Layout Example
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10.3 Thermal Considerations
The BQ2405x family is packaged in a thermally enhanced MLP package. The package includes a thermal pad to
provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed circuit board (PCB). The power pad should
be directly connected to the VSS pin. Full PCB design guidelines for this package are provided in the QFN
and SON PCB Attachment Application Report. The most common measure of package thermal performance
is thermal impedance (θJA ) measured (or modeled) from the chip junction to the air surrounding the package
surface (ambient). The mathematical expression for θJA is:
θJA = (TJ – T) / P
(3)
Where:
TJ = chip junction temperature
T = ambient temperature
P = device power dissipation
Factors that can influence the measurement and calculation of θJA include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Whether or not the device is board mounted
Trace size, composition, thickness, and geometry
Orientation of the device (horizontal or vertical)
Volume of the ambient air surrounding the device under test and airflow
Whether other surfaces are in close proximity to the device being tested
Due to the charge profile of Li-Ion and Li-Pol batteries the maximum power dissipation is typically seen at the
beginning of the charge cycle when the battery voltage is at its lowest. Typically after fast charge begins the pack
voltage increases to ≉3.4 V within the first 2 minutes. The thermal time constant of the assembly typically takes
a few minutes to heat up so when doing maximum power dissipation calculations, 3.4 V is a good minimum
voltage to use. This is verified, with the system and a fully discharged battery, by plotting temperature on the
bottom of the PCB under the IC (pad should have multiple vias), the charge current and the battery voltage as a
function of time. The fast charge current will start to taper off if the part goes into thermal regulation.
The device power dissipation, P, is a function of the charge rate and the voltage drop across the internal
PowerFET. It can be calculated from the following equation when a battery pack is being charged:
P = [V(IN) – V(OUT)] × I(OUT) + [V(OUT) – V(OUT)] × I(OUT)
(4)
The thermal loop feature reduces the charge current to limit excessive IC junction temperature. TI recommends
that the design not run in thermal regulation for typical operating conditions (nominal input voltage and nominal
ambient temperatures) and use the feature for nontypical situations such as hot environments or higher than
normal input source voltage. With that said, the IC will still perform as described, if the thermal loop is always
active.
10.3.1 Leakage Current Effects on Battery Capacity
To determine how fast a leakage current on the battery discharges, the battery is used for the calculation. The
time from full to discharge can be calculated by dividing the Amp-Hour Capacity of the battery by the leakage
current. For a 0.75AHr battery and a 10-μA leakage current (750mAHr/0.010mA = 75000 hours), it would take
75k hours or 8.8 years to discharge. In reality, the self discharge of the cell is much faster, so the 10 μA leakage
would be considered negligible.
30
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Device Support
11.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
TI'S PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
OR A WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR ENDORSEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, EITHER
ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY TI PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
11.2 Documentation Support
11.2.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following: QFN and SON PCB Attachment Application Report
11.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. Click on
Subscribe to updates to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed. For
change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
11.4 Support Resources
TI E2E™ support forums are an engineer's go-to source for fast, verified answers and design help — straight
from the experts. Search existing answers or ask your own question to get the quick design help you need.
Linked content is provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do
not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use.
11.5 Trademarks
TI E2E™ is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled
with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may
be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published
specifications.
11.7 Glossary
TI Glossary
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
16-Jul-2022
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
BQ24050DSQR
ACTIVE
WSON
DSQ
10
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAUAG
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CVC
Samples
BQ24050DSQT
ACTIVE
WSON
DSQ
10
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAUAG
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CVC
Samples
BQ24052DSQR
ACTIVE
WSON
DSQ
10
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAUAG
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CGT
Samples
BQ24052DSQT
ACTIVE
WSON
DSQ
10
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAUAG
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CGT
Samples
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of