LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
SIMPLE SWITCHER ® 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator
General Description
Features
The LM2575 series of regulators are monolithic integrated
circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down
(buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a 1A load with
excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V, and an
adjustable output version.
n 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V, and adjustable output versions
n Adjustable version output voltage range,
1.23V to 37V (57V for HV version) ± 4% max over
line and load conditions
n Guaranteed 1A output current
n Wide input voltage range, 40V up to 60V for HV version
n Requires only 4 external components
n 52 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator
n TTL shutdown capability, low power standby mode
n High efficiency
n Uses readily available standard inductors
n Thermal shutdown and current limit protection
n P+ Product Enhancement tested
Requiring a minimum number of external components, these
regulators are simple to use and include internal frequency
compensation and a fixed-frequency oscillator.
The LM2575 series offers a high-efficiency replacement for
popular three-terminal linear regulators. It substantially reduces the size of the heat sink, and in many cases no heat
sink is required.
A standard series of inductors optimized for use with the
LM2575 are available from several different manufacturers.
This feature greatly simplifies the design of switch-mode
power supplies.
Other features include a guaranteed ± 4% tolerance on output voltage within specified input voltages and output load
conditions, and ± 10% on the oscillator frequency. External
shutdown is included, featuring 50 µA (typical) standby current. The output switch includes cycle-by-cycle current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under
fault conditions.
Typical Application
Applications
n
n
n
n
Simple high-efficiency step-down (buck) regulator
Efficient pre-regulator for linear regulators
On-card switching regulators
Positive to negative converter (Buck-Boost)
(Fixed Output Voltage
Versions)
01147501
Note: Pin numbers are for the TO-220 package.
SIMPLE SWITCHER ® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS011475
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV Series SIMPLE SWITCHER 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator
August 2004
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Block Diagram and Typical Application
01147502
3.3V, R2 = 1.7k
5V, R2 = 3.1k
12V, R2 = 8.84k
15V, R2 = 11.3k
For ADJ. Version
R1 = Open, R2 = 0Ω
Note: Pin numbers are for the TO-220 package.
FIGURE 1.
Connection Diagrams
(XX indicates output voltage option. See Ordering Information table for complete part
number.)
Straight Leads
5–Lead TO-220 (T)
Bent, Staggered Leads
5-Lead TO-220 (T)
01147522
Top View
LM2575T-XX or LM2575HVT-XX
See NS Package Number T05A
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01147523
Top View
2
01147524
Side View
LM2575T-XX Flow LB03 or
LM2575HVT-XX Flow LB03
See NS Package Number T05D
16–Lead DIP (N or J)
24-Lead Surface Mount (M)
01147525
*No Internal Connection
Top View
LM2575N-XX or LM2575HVN-XX
See NS Package Number N16A
LM1575J-XX-QML
See NS Package Number J16A
01147526
*No Internal Connection
Top View
LM2575M-XX or LM2575HVM-XX
See NS Package Number M24B
TO-263(S)
5-Lead Surface-Mount Package
01147529
Top View
01147530
Side View
LM2575S-XX or LM2575HVS-XX
See NS Package Number TS5B
Ordering Information
Package
NSC
Standard
High
Temperature
Type
Package
Voltage Rating
Voltage Rating
Range
Number
(40V)
(60V)
5-Lead TO-220
T05A
Straight Leads
5-Lead TO-220
T05D
LM2575T-3.3
LM2575HVT-3.3
LM2575T-5.0
LM2575HVT-5.0
LM2575T-12
LM2575HVT-12
LM2575T-15
LM2575HVT-15
LM2575T-ADJ
LM2575HVT-ADJ
LM2575T-3.3 Flow LB03
LM2575HVT-3.3 Flow LB03
Bent and
LM2575T-5.0 Flow LB03
LM2575HVT-5.0 Flow LB03
Staggered Leads
LM2575T-12 Flow LB03
LM2575HVT-12 Flow LB03
LM2575T-15 Flow LB03
LM2575HVT-15 Flow LB03
LM2575T-ADJ Flow LB03
LM2575HVT-ADJ Flow LB03
3
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Connection Diagrams (XX indicates output voltage option. See Ordering Information table for complete part
number.) (Continued)
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Ordering Information
(Continued)
Package
NSC
Standard
High
Temperature
Type
Package
Voltage Rating
Voltage Rating
Range
Number
16-Pin Molded
N16A
DIP
24-Pin
M24B
Surface Mount
5-Lead TO-263
TS5B
Surface Mount
16-Pin Ceramic
DIP
J16A
(40V)
(60V)
LM2575N-5.0
LM2575HVN-5.0
LM2575N-12
LM2575HVN-12
LM2575N-15
LM2575HVN-15
LM2575N-ADJ
LM2575HVN-ADJ
LM2575M-5.0
LM2575HVM-5.0
LM2575M-12
LM2575HVM-12
LM2575M-15
LM2575HVM-15
LM2575M-ADJ
LM2575HVM-ADJ
LM2575S-3.3
LM2575HVS-3.3
LM2575S-5.0
LM2575HVS-5.0
LM2575S-12
LM2575HVS-12
LM2575S-15
LM2575HVS-15
LM2575S-ADJ
LM2575HVS-ADJ
LM1575J-3.3-QML
LM1575J-5.0-QML
−55˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +150˚C
LM1575J-12-QML
LM1575J-15-QML
LM1575J-ADJ-QML
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−40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +125˚C
4
Minimum ESD Rating
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Lead Temperature
(C = 100 pF, R = 1.5 kΩ)
2 kV
(Soldering, 10 sec.)
260˚C
Maximum Supply Voltage
LM1575/LM2575
45V
LM2575HV
63V
ON /OFF Pin Input Voltage
Operating Ratings
Temperature Range
−0.3V ≤ V ≤ +VIN
Output Voltage to Ground
(Steady State)
−1V
Power Dissipation
Internally Limited
Storage Temperature Range
−65˚C to +150˚C
Maximum Junction Temperature
LM1575
−55˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +150˚C
LM2575/LM2575HV
−40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +125˚C
Supply Voltage
150˚C
LM1575/LM2575
40V
LM2575HV
60V
LM1575-3.3, LM2575-3.3, LM2575HV-3.3
Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range .
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-3.3
LM2575-3.3
Units
LM2575HV-3.3 (Limits)
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
3.267
3.234
V(Min)
3.333
3.366
V(Max)
3.200/3.168
3.168/3.135
V(Min)
3.400/3.432
3.432/3.465
V(Max)
3.200/3.168
3.168/3.135
V(Min)
3.416/3.450
3.450/3.482
V(Max)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 4) Test Circuit Figure 2
VOUT
Output Voltage
VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 0.2A
3.3
V
Circuit of Figure 2
VOUT
VOUT
η
Output Voltage
4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A
LM1575/LM2575
Circuit of Figure 2
Output Voltage
4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V, 0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A
LM2575HV
Circuit of Figure 2
Efficiency
VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A
3.3
V
3.3
V
75
%
LM1575-5.0, LM2575-5.0, LM2575HV-5.0
Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-5.0
LM2575-5.0
LM2575HV-5.0
Units
(Limits)
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
4.950
4.900
V(Min)
5.050
5.100
V(Max)
4.850/4.800
4.800/4.750
V(Min)
5.150/5.200
5.200/5.250
V(Max)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 4) Test Circuit Figure 2
VOUT
Output Voltage
VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 0.2A
5.0
Circuit of Figure 2
VOUT
Output Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM1575/LM2575
8V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V
Output Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM2575HV
8V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V
4.850/4.800
4.800/4.750
V(Min)
Circuit of Figure 2
5.175/5.225
5.225/5.275
V(Max)
5.0
Circuit of Figure 2
VOUT
V
V
5.0
5
V
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
LM1575-5.0, LM2575-5.0, LM2575HV-5.0
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-5.0
LM2575-5.0
LM2575HV-5.0
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
77
Units
(Limits)
%
LM1575-12, LM2575-12, LM2575HV-12
Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range .
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-12
LM2575-12
LM2575HV-12
Units
(Limits)
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
11.88
11.76
V(Min)
12.12
12.24
V(Max)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 4) Test Circuit Figure 2
VOUT
Output Voltage
VIN = 25V, ILOAD = 0.2A
12
Circuit of Figure 2
VOUT
VOUT
η
V
Output Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM1575/LM2575
15V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V
11.64/11.52
11.52/11.40
V(Min)
Circuit of Figure 2
12.36/12.48
12.48/12.60
V(Max)
12
V
Output Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM2575HV
15V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V
11.64/11.52
11.52/11.40
V(Min)
Circuit of Figure 2
12.42/12.54
12.54/12.66
V(Max)
Efficiency
12
VIN = 15V, ILOAD = 1A
V
88
%
LM1575-15, LM2575-15, LM2575HV-15
Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range .
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-15
LM2575-15
LM2575HV-15
Units
(Limits)
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
14.85
14.70
V(Min)
15.15
15.30
V(Max)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 4) Test Circuit Figure 2
VOUT
Output Voltage
VIN = 30V, ILOAD = 0.2A
15
Circuit of Figure 2
VOUT
VOUT
Output Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM1575/LM2575
18V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V
14.55/14.40
14.40/14.25
V(Min)
Circuit of Figure 2
15.45/15.60
15.60/15.75
V(Max)
Output Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM2575HV
18V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V
15
Efficiency
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V
15
Circuit of Figure 2
η
V
VIN = 18V, ILOAD = 1A
88
6
V
14.55/14.40
14.40/14.25
V(Min)
15.525/15.675
15.68/15.83
V(Max)
%
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ= 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature
Range.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-ADJ
LM2575-ADJ
Units
LM2575HV-ADJ (Limits)
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 4) Test Circuit Figure 2
VOUT
VOUT
VOUT
Feedback Voltage
VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 0.2A
1.230
V
VOUT = 5V
1.217
1.217
V(Min)
Circuit of Figure 2
1.243
1.243
V(Max)
Feedback Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM1575/LM2575
8V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V
1.205/1.193
1.193/1.180
V(Min)
VOUT = 5V, Circuit of Figure 2
1.255/1.267
1.267/1.280
V(Max)
1.205/1.193
1.193/1.180
V(Min)
1.261/1.273
1.273/1.286
V(Max)
1.230
Feedback Voltage
0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A,
LM2575HV
8V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V
Efficiency
VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A, VOUT = 5V
V
1.230
V
VOUT = 5V, Circuit of Figure 2
η
77
%
All Output Voltage Versions
Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version, VIN = 25V for the 12V version,
and VIN = 30V for the 15V version. ILOAD = 200 mA.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-XX
LM2575-XX
Units
LM2575HV-XX (Limits)
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
100/500
100/500
DEVICE PARAMETERS
Ib
Feedback Bias Current
VOUT = 5V (Adjustable Version Only)
50
fO
Oscillator Frequency
(Note 13)
52
VSAT
Saturation Voltage
IOUT = 1A (Note 5)
0.9
DC
Max Duty Cycle (ON)
(Note 6)
98
ICL
IL
Current Limit
Output Leakage
Peak Current (Notes 5, 13)
(Notes 7, 8)
Current
Output = −1V
ISTBY
Quiescent Current
Standby Quiescent
47/42
kHz(Min)
58/63
kHz(Max)
V
1.2/1.4
1.2/1.4
V(Max)
93
93
%(Min)
%
(Note 7)
A
1.7/1.3
1.7/1.3
A(Min)
3.0/3.2
3.0/3.2
A(Max)
2
2
mA(Max)
30
30
mA(Max)
10/12
10
mA(Max)
200/500
200
µA(Max)
7.5
Output = −1V
IQ
47/43
58/62
2.2
Output = 0V
mA
5
ON /OFF Pin = 5V (OFF)
mA
50
Current
7
nA
kHz
µA
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
LM1575-ADJ, LM2575-ADJ, LM2575HV-ADJ
Electrical Characteristics
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
All Output Voltage Versions
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version, VIN = 25V for the 12V version,
and VIN = 30V for the 15V version. ILOAD = 200 mA.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ
LM1575-XX
LM2575-XX
Units
(Limits)
LM2575HV-XX
Limit
Limit
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
DEVICE PARAMETERS
θJA
T Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 9)
65
θJA
Thermal Resistance
T Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 10)
45
θJC
T Package, Junction to Case
2
θJA
N Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 11)
85
θJA
M Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 11)
100
θJA
S Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 12)
37
˚C/W
ON /OFF CONTROL Test Circuit Figure 2
VIH
ON /OFF Pin Logic
VOUT = 0V
1.4
2.2/2.4
2.2/2.4
V(Min)
VIL
Input Level
VOUT = Nominal Output Voltage
1.2
1.0/0.8
1.0/0.8
V(Max)
IIH
ON /OFF Pin Input
ON /OFF Pin = 5V (OFF)
12
ON /OFF Pin = 0V (ON)
0
Current
IIL
µA
30
30
µA(Max)
10
10
µA(Max)
µA
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Note 2: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes (bold type face). All limits are used to calculate Average
Outgoing Quality Level, and all are 100% production tested.
Note 3: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes (bold type face). All room temperature limits are 100%
production tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
Note 4: External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator system performance. When the
LM1575/LM2575 is used as shown in the Figure 2 test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters section of Electrical Characteristics.
Note 5: Output (pin 2) sourcing current. No diode, inductor or capacitor connected to output pin.
Note 6: Feedback (pin 4) removed from output and connected to 0V.
Note 7: Feedback (pin 4) removed from output and connected to +12V for the Adjustable, 3.3V, and 5V versions, and +25V for the 12V and 15V versions, to force
the output transistor OFF.
Note 8: VIN = 40V (60V for the high voltage version).
Note 9: Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 5 lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with 1⁄2 inch leads in a socket, or on a PC
board with minimum copper area.
Note 10: Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 5 lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with 1⁄2 inch leads soldered to a PC board
containing approximately 4 square inches of copper area surrounding the leads.
Note 11: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with approximately 1 square inch of pc board copper surrounding the leads. Additional copper area will lower
thermal resistance further. See thermal model in Switchers made Simple software.
Note 12: If the TO-263 package is used, the thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the PC board copper area thermally connected to the package: Using
0.5 square inches of copper area, θJA is 50˚C/W; with 1 square inch of copper area, θJA is 37˚C/W; and with 1.6 or more square inches of copper area, θJA is 32˚C/W.
Note 13: The oscillator frequency reduces to approximately 18 kHz in the event of an output short or an overload which causes the regulated output voltage to drop
approximately 40% from the nominal output voltage. This self protection feature lowers the average power dissipation of the IC by lowering the minimum duty cycle
from 5% down to approximately 2%.
Note 14: Refer to RETS LM1575J for current revision of military RETS/SMD.
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8
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Typical Performance Characteristics
(Circuit of Figure 2)
Normalized Output Voltage
Line Regulation
01147532
01147533
Dropout Voltage
Current Limit
01147534
01147535
Standby
Quiescent Current
Quiescent Current
01147536
01147537
9
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Typical Performance Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 2)
(Continued)
Switch Saturation
Voltage
Oscillator Frequency
01147539
01147538
Efficiency
Minimum Operating Voltage
01147541
01147540
Quiescent Current
vs Duty Cycle
Feedback Voltage
vs Duty Cycle
01147542
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01147543
10
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Typical Performance Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 2)
(Continued)
Maximum Power Dissipation
(TO-263) (See (Note 12))
Feedback Pin Current
01147528
01147505
Switching Waveforms
Load Transient Response
01147506
VOUT = 5V
01147507
A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/div
B: Output Pin Current, 1A/div
C: Inductor Current, 0.5A/div
D: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div,
AC-Coupled
Horizontal Time Base: 5 µs/div
Single-point grounding (as indicated) or ground plane construction should be used for best results. When using the
Adjustable version, physically locate the programming resistors near the regulator, to keep the sensitive feedback wiring
short.
Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines
As in any switching regulator, layout is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance
generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For
minimal inductance and ground loops, the length of the leads
indicated by heavy lines should be kept as short as possible.
11
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines
(Continued)
Fixed Output Voltage Versions
01147508
CIN — 100 µF, 75V, Aluminum Electrolytic
COUT — 330 µF, 25V, Aluminum Electrolytic
D1 — Schottky, 11DQ06
L1 — 330 µH, PE-52627 (for 5V in, 3.3V out, use 100 µH, PE-92108)
Adjustable Output Voltage Version
01147509
where VREF = 1.23V, R1 between 1k and 5k.
R1 — 2k, 0.1%
R2 — 6.12k, 0.1%
Note: Pin numbers are for the TO-220 package.
FIGURE 2.
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12
PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Versions)
EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Versions)
Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage (3.3V, 5V, 12V, or
15V) VIN(Max) = Maximum Input Voltage ILOAD(Max) =
Maximum Load Current
Given: VOUT = 5V VIN(Max) = 20V ILOAD(Max) = 0.8A
1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Select the correct Inductor
value selection guide from Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 (Output
voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V or 15V respectively). For other
output voltages, see the design procedure for the adjustable
version. B. From the inductor value selection guide, identify
the inductance region intersected by VIN(Max) and
ILOAD(Max), and note the inductor code for that region. C.
Identify the inductor value from the inductor code, and
select an appropriate inductor from the table shown in
Figure 9. Part numbers are listed for three inductor
manufacturers. The inductor chosen must be rated for
operation at the LM2575 switching frequency (52 kHz) and
for a current rating of 1.15 x ILOAD. For additional inductor
information, see the inductor section in the Application Hints
section of this data sheet.
1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Use the selection guide
shown in Figure 4. B. From the selection guide, the
inductance area intersected by the 20V line and 0.8A line is
L330. C. Inductor value required is 330 µH. From the table
in Figure 9, choose AIE 415-0926, Pulse Engineering
PE-52627, or RL1952.
2. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A. The value of the
output capacitor together with the inductor defines the
dominate pole-pair of the switching regulator loop. For
stable operation and an acceptable output ripple voltage,
(approximately 1% of the output voltage) a value between
100 µF and 470 µF is recommended. B. The capacitor’s
voltage rating should be at least 1.5 times greater than the
output voltage. For a 5V regulator, a rating of at least 8V is
appropriate, and a 10V or 15V rating is recommended.
Higher voltage electrolytic capacitors generally have lower
ESR numbers, and for this reason it may be necessary to
select a capacitor rated for a higher voltage than would
normally be needed.
2. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A. COUT = 100 µF
to 470 µF standard aluminum electrolytic. B. Capacitor
voltage rating = 20V.
3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. The catch-diode current
rating must be at least 1.2 times greater than the maximum
load current. Also, if the power supply design must
withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have
a current rating equal to the maximum current limit of the
LM2575. The most stressful condition for this diode is an
overload or shorted output condition. B. The reverse voltage
rating of the diode should be at least 1.25 times the
maximum input voltage.
3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. For this example, a 1A
current rating is adequate. B. Use a 30V 1N5818 or SR103
Schottky diode, or any of the suggested fast-recovery
diodes shown in Figure 8.
4. Input Capacitor (CIN) An aluminum or tantalum
electrolytic bypass capacitor located close to the regulator is
needed for stable operation.
4. Input Capacitor (CIN) A 47 µF, 25V aluminum electrolytic
capacitor located near the input and ground pins provides
sufficient bypassing.
13
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
LM2575 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Inductor Value Selection Guides
(For Continuous Mode Operation)
01147512
01147510
FIGURE 5. LM2575(HV)-12
FIGURE 3. LM2575(HV)-3.3
01147513
01147511
FIGURE 6. LM2575(HV)-15
FIGURE 4. LM2575(HV)-5.0
01147514
FIGURE 7. LM2575(HV)-ADJ
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14
PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Versions)
(Continued)
EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Versions)
Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage VIN(Max) =
Maximum Input Voltage ILOAD(Max) = Maximum Load
Current F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at 52 kHz)
Given: VOUT = 10V VIN(Max) = 25V ILOAD(Max) = 1A F =
52 kHz
1. Programming Output Voltage (Selecting R1 and R2, as
shown in Figure 2 ) Use the following formula to select the
appropriate resistor values.
1.Programming Output Voltage (Selecting R1 and R2)
R1 can be between 1k and 5k. (For best temperature coefficient and stability with time, use 1% metal film resistors)
R2 = 1k (8.13 − 1) = 7.13k, closest 1% value is 7.15k
2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate the inductor Volt •
microsecond constant, E • T (V • µs), from the following
formula:
2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate E • T (V • µs)
B. E • T = 115 V • µs C. ILOAD(Max) = 1A D. Inductance
Region = H470 E. Inductor Value = 470 µH Choose from AIE
part #430-0634, Pulse Engineering part #PE-53118, or
Renco part #RL-1961.
B. Use the E • T value from the previous formula and match
it with the E • T number on the vertical axis of the Inductor
Value Selection Guide shown in Figure 7. C. On the horizontal axis, select the maximum load current. D. Identify the
inductance region intersected by the E • T value and the
maximum load current value, and note the inductor code for
that region. E. Identify the inductor value from the inductor
code, and select an appropriate inductor from the table shown
in Figure 9. Part numbers are listed for three inductor manufacturers. The inductor chosen must be rated for operation at
the LM2575 switching frequency (52 kHz) and for a current
rating of 1.15 x ILOAD. For additional inductor information, see
the inductor section in the application hints section of this data
sheet.
3. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A.
3. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A. The value of the
output capacitor together with the inductor defines the
dominate pole-pair of the switching regulator loop. For
stable operation, the capacitor must satisfy the following
requirement:
However, for acceptable output ripple voltage select COUT ≥
220 µF COUT = 220 µF electrolytic capacitor
The above formula yields capacitor values between 10 µF
and 2000 µF that will satisfy the loop requirements for stable
operation. But to achieve an acceptable output ripple voltage,
(approximately 1% of the output voltage) and transient response, the output capacitor may need to be several times
larger than the above formula yields. B. The capacitor’s voltage rating should be at last 1.5 times greater than the output
voltage. For a 10V regulator, a rating of at least 15V or more
is recommended. Higher voltage electrolytic capacitors generally have lower ESR numbers, and for this reason it may be
necessary to select a capacitor rate for a higher voltage than
would normally be needed.
4. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. The catch-diode current
rating must be at least 1.2 times greater than the maximum
load current. Also, if the power supply design must
withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have
a current rating equal to the maximum current limit of the
LM2575. The most stressful condition for this diode is an
overload or shorted output. See diode selection guide in
Figure 8. B. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should
be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage.
4. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. For this example, a 3A
current rating is adequate. B. Use a 40V MBR340 or
31DQ04 Schottky diode, or any of the suggested
fast-recovery diodes in Figure 8.
15
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Inductor Value Selection Guides (For Continuous Mode Operation)
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Inductor Value Selection Guides (For Continuous Mode Operation)
(Continued)
PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Versions)
EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Versions)
5. Input Capacitor (CIN) An aluminum or tantalum
electrolytic bypass capacitor located close to the regulator is
needed for stable operation.
5. Input Capacitor (CIN) A 100 µF aluminum electrolytic
capacitor located near the input and ground pins provides
sufficient bypassing.
To further simplify the buck regulator design procedure, National Semiconductor is making available computer design software to
be used with the Simple Switcher line of switching regulators. Switchers Made Simple (version 3.3) is available on a (31⁄2")
diskette for IBM compatible computers from a National Semiconductor sales office in your area.
www.national.com
16
VR
Schottky
1A
20V
30V
40V
50V
60V
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Inductor Value Selection Guides (For Continuous Mode Operation)
(Continued)
Fast Recovery
3A
1N5817
1N5820
MBR120P
MBR320
SR102
SR302
1N5818
1N5821
MBR130P
MBR330
11DQ03
31DQ03
SR103
SR303
1N5819
IN5822
MBR140P
MBR340
11DQ04
31DQ04
SR104
SR304
MBR150
MBR350
11DQ05
31DQ05
SR105
SR305
MBR160
MBR360
11DQ06
31DQ06
SR106
SR306
1A
3A
The following The following
diodes are all diodes are all
rated to 100V rated to 100V
11DF1
MUR110
HER102
31DF1
MURD310
HER302
FIGURE 8. Diode Selection Guide
Inductor
Inductor
Code
Value
Schott
Pulse Eng.
Renco
(Note 17)
(Note 15)
(Note 16)
L100
100 µH
67127000
PE-92108
RL2444
L150
150 µH
67127010
PE-53113
RL1954
L220
220 µH
67127020
PE-52626
RL1953
L330
330 µH
67127030
PE-52627
RL1952
L470
470 µH
67127040
PE-53114
RL1951
L680
680 µH
67127050
PE-52629
RL1950
H150
150 µH
67127060
PE-53115
RL2445
H220
220 µH
67127070
PE-53116
RL2446
H330
330 µH
67127080
PE-53117
RL2447
H470
470 µH
67127090
PE-53118
RL1961
H680
680 µH
67127100
PE-53119
RL1960
H1000
1000 µH
67127110
PE-53120
RL1959
H1500
1500 µH
67127120
PE-53121
RL1958
H2200
2200 µH
67127130
PE-53122
RL2448
Note 15: Schott Corp., (612) 475-1173, 1000 Parkers Lake Rd., Wayzata, MN 55391.
Note 16: Pulse Engineering, (619) 674-8100, P.O. Box 12236, San Diego, CA 92112.
Note 17: Renco Electronics Inc., (516) 586-5566, 60 Jeffryn Blvd. East, Deer Park, NY 11729.
FIGURE 9. Inductor Selection by Manufacturer’s Part Number
17
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
pletely contained within the core, it generates more electromagnetic interference (EMI). This EMI can cause problems
in sensitive circuits, or can give incorrect scope readings
because of induced voltages in the scope probe.
The inductors listed in the selection chart include ferrite pot
core construction for AIE, powdered iron toroid for Pulse
Engineering, and ferrite bobbin core for Renco.
An inductor should not be operated beyond its maximum
rated current because it may saturate. When an inductor
begins to saturate, the inductance decreases rapidly and the
inductor begins to look mainly resistive (the DC resistance of
the winding). This will cause the switch current to rise very
rapidly. Different inductor types have different saturation
characteristics, and this should be kept in mind when selecting an inductor.
The inductor manufacturer’s data sheets include current and
energy limits to avoid inductor saturation.
Application Hints
INPUT CAPACITOR (CIN)
To maintain stability, the regulator input pin must be bypassed with at least a 47 µF electrolytic capacitor. The
capacitor’s leads must be kept short, and located near the
regulator.
If the operating temperature range includes temperatures
below −25˚C, the input capacitor value may need to be
larger. With most electrolytic capacitors, the capacitance
value decreases and the ESR increases with lower temperatures and age. Paralleling a ceramic or solid tantalum capacitor will increase the regulator stability at cold temperatures. For maximum capacitor operating lifetime, the
capacitor’s RMS ripple current rating should be greater than
INDUCTOR RIPPLE CURRENT
When the switcher is operating in the continuous mode, the
inductor current waveform ranges from a triangular to a
sawtooth type of waveform (depending on the input voltage).
For a given input voltage and output voltage, the peak-topeak amplitude of this inductor current waveform remains
constant. As the load current rises or falls, the entire sawtooth current waveform also rises or falls. The average DC
value of this waveform is equal to the DC load current (in the
buck regulator configuration).
If the load current drops to a low enough level, the bottom of
the sawtooth current waveform will reach zero, and the
switcher will change to a discontinuous mode of operation.
This is a perfectly acceptable mode of operation. Any buck
switching regulator (no matter how large the inductor value
is) will be forced to run discontinuous if the load current is
light enough.
INDUCTOR SELECTION
All switching regulators have two basic modes of operation:
continuous and discontinuous. The difference between the
two types relates to the inductor current, whether it is flowing
continuously, or if it drops to zero for a period of time in the
normal switching cycle. Each mode has distinctively different
operating characteristics, which can affect the regulator performance and requirements.
The LM2575 (or any of the Simple Switcher family) can be
used for both continuous and discontinuous modes of operation.
The inductor value selection guides in Figure 3 through
Figure 7 were designed for buck regulator designs of the
continuous inductor current type. When using inductor values shown in the inductor selection guide, the peak-to-peak
inductor ripple current will be approximately 20% to 30% of
the maximum DC current. With relatively heavy load currents, the circuit operates in the continuous mode (inductor
current always flowing), but under light load conditions, the
circuit will be forced to the discontinuous mode (inductor
current falls to zero for a period of time). This discontinuous
mode of operation is perfectly acceptable. For light loads
(less than approximately 200 mA) it may be desirable to
operate the regulator in the discontinuous mode, primarily
because of the lower inductor values required for the discontinuous mode.
The selection guide chooses inductor values suitable for
continuous mode operation, but if the inductor value chosen
is prohibitively high, the designer should investigate the
possibility of discontinuous operation. The computer design
software Switchers Made Simple will provide all component
values for discontinuous (as well as continuous) mode of
operation.
Inductors are available in different styles such as pot core,
toriod, E-frame, bobbin core, etc., as well as different core
materials, such as ferrites and powdered iron. The least
expensive, the bobbin core type, consists of wire wrapped
on a ferrite rod core. This type of construction makes for an
inexpensive inductor, but since the magnetic flux is not comwww.national.com
OUTPUT CAPACITOR
An output capacitor is required to filter the output voltage and
is needed for loop stability. The capacitor should be located
near the LM2575 using short pc board traces. Standard
aluminum electrolytics are usually adequate, but low ESR
types are recommended for low output ripple voltage and
good stability. The ESR of a capacitor depends on many
factors, some which are: the value, the voltage rating, physical size and the type of construction. In general, low value or
low voltage (less than 12V) electrolytic capacitors usually
have higher ESR numbers.
The amount of output ripple voltage is primarily a function of
the ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) of the output capacitor and the amplitude of the inductor ripple current
(∆IIND). See the section on inductor ripple current in Application Hints.
The lower capacitor values (220 µF–680 µF) will allow typically 50 mV to 150 mV of output ripple voltage, while largervalue capacitors will reduce the ripple to approximately 20
mV to 50 mV.
Output Ripple Voltage = (∆IIND) (ESR of COUT)
To further reduce the output ripple voltage, several standard
electrolytic capacitors may be paralleled, or a higher-grade
capacitor may be used. Such capacitors are often called
“high-frequency,” “low-inductance,” or “low-ESR.” These will
reduce the output ripple to 10 mV or 20 mV. However, when
operating in the continuous mode, reducing the ESR below
0.05Ω can cause instability in the regulator.
18
high-level TTL or CMOS signal. The ON /OFF pin can be
safely pulled up to +VIN without a resistor in series with it.
The ON /OFF pin should not be left open.
(Continued)
Tantalum capacitors can have a very low ESR, and should
be carefully evaluated if it is the only output capacitor. Because of their good low temperature characteristics, a tantalum can be used in parallel with aluminum electrolytics,
with the tantalum making up 10% or 20% of the total capacitance.
GROUNDING
To maintain output voltage stability, the power ground connections must be low-impedance (see Figure 2). For the
TO-3 style package, the case is ground. For the 5-lead
TO-220 style package, both the tab and pin 3 are ground and
either connection may be used, as they are both part of the
same copper lead frame.
With the N or M packages, all the pins labeled ground, power
ground, or signal ground should be soldered directly to wide
printed circuit board copper traces. This assures both low
inductance connections and good thermal properties.
The capacitor’s ripple current rating at 52 kHz should be at
least 50% higher than the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current.
CATCH DIODE
Buck regulators require a diode to provide a return path for
the inductor current when the switch is off. This diode should
be located close to the LM2575 using short leads and short
printed circuit traces.
HEAT SINK/THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
In many cases, no heat sink is required to keep the LM2575
junction temperature within the allowed operating range. For
each application, to determine whether or not a heat sink will
be required, the following must be identified:
1. Maximum ambient temperature (in the application).
Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best efficiency, especially in low output voltage switching regulators (less than
5V). Fast-Recovery, High-Efficiency, or Ultra-Fast Recovery
diodes are also suitable, but some types with an abrupt
turn-off characteristic may cause instability and EMI problems. A fast-recovery diode with soft recovery characteristics
is a better choice. Standard 60 Hz diodes (e.g., 1N4001 or
1N5400, etc.) are also not suitable. See Figure 8 for Schottky and “soft” fast-recovery diode selection guide.
2.
3.
Maximum regulator power dissipation (in application).
Maximum allowed junction temperature (150˚C for the
LM1575 or 125˚C for the LM2575). For a safe, conservative design, a temperature approximately 15˚C cooler
than the maximum temperature should be selected.
4. LM2575 package thermal resistances θJA and θJC.
Total power dissipated by the LM2575 can be estimated as
follows:
PD = (VIN) (IQ) + (VO/VIN) (ILOAD) (VSAT)
where IQ (quiescent current) and VSAT can be found in the
Characteristic Curves shown previously, VIN is the applied
minimum input voltage, VO is the regulated output voltage,
and ILOAD is the load current. The dynamic losses during
turn-on and turn-off are negligible if a Schottky type catch
diode is used.
When no heat sink is used, the junction temperature rise can
be determined by the following:
∆TJ = (PD) (θJA)
To arrive at the actual operating junction temperature, add
the junction temperature rise to the maximum ambient temperature.
TJ = ∆TJ + TA
If the actual operating junction temperature is greater than
the selected safe operating junction temperature determined
in step 3, then a heat sink is required.
When using a heat sink, the junction temperature rise can be
determined by the following:
∆TJ = (PD) (θJC + θinterface + θHeat sink)
The operating junction temperature will be:
TJ = TA + ∆TJ
As above, if the actual operating junction temperature is
greater than the selected safe operating junction temperature, then a larger heat sink is required (one that has a lower
thermal resistance).
When using the LM2575 in the plastic DIP (N) or surface
mount (M) packages, several items about the thermal properties of the packages should be understood. The majority of
the heat is conducted out of the package through the leads,
with a minor portion through the plastic parts of the package.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE AND TRANSIENTS
The output voltage of a switching power supply will contain a
sawtooth ripple voltage at the switcher frequency, typically
about 1% of the output voltage, and may also contain short
voltage spikes at the peaks of the sawtooth waveform.
The output ripple voltage is due mainly to the inductor sawtooth ripple current multiplied by the ESR of the output
capacitor. (See the inductor selection in the application
hints.)
The voltage spikes are present because of the fast switching
action of the output switch, and the parasitic inductance of
the output filter capacitor. To minimize these voltage spikes,
special low inductance capacitors can be used, and their
lead lengths must be kept short. Wiring inductance, stray
capacitance, as well as the scope probe used to evaluate
these transients, all contribute to the amplitude of these
spikes.
An additional small LC filter (20 µH & 100 µF) can be added
to the output (as shown in Figure 15) to further reduce the
amount of output ripple and transients. A 10 x reduction in
output ripple voltage and transients is possible with this filter.
FEEDBACK CONNECTION
The LM2575 (fixed voltage versions) feedback pin must be
wired to the output voltage point of the switching power
supply. When using the adjustable version, physically locate
both output voltage programming resistors near the LM2575
to avoid picking up unwanted noise. Avoid using resistors
greater than 100 kΩ because of the increased chance of
noise pickup.
ON /OFF INPUT
For normal operation, the ON /OFF pin should be grounded
or driven with a low-level TTL voltage (typically below 1.6V).
To put the regulator into standby mode, drive this pin with a
19
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Application Hints
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Application Hints
the available output current. Also, the start-up input current
of the buck-boost converter is higher than the standard
buck-mode regulator, and this may overload an input power
source with a current limit less than 1.5A. Using a delayed
turn-on or an undervoltage lockout circuit (described in the
next section) would allow the input voltage to rise to a high
enough level before the switcher would be allowed to turn
on.
(Continued)
Since the lead frame is solid copper, heat from the die is
readily conducted through the leads to the printed circuit
board copper, which is acting as a heat sink.
For best thermal performance, the ground pins and all the
unconnected pins should be soldered to generous amounts
of printed circuit board copper, such as a ground plane.
Large areas of copper provide the best transfer of heat to the
surrounding air. Copper on both sides of the board is also
helpful in getting the heat away from the package, even if
there is no direct copper contact between the two sides.
Thermal resistance numbers as low as 40˚C/W for the SO
package, and 30˚C/W for the N package can be realized with
a carefully engineered pc board.
Because of the structural differences between the buck and
the buck-boost regulator topologies, the buck regulator design procedure section can not be used to select the inductor
or the output capacitor. The recommended range of inductor
values for the buck-boost design is between 68 µH and 220
µH, and the output capacitor values must be larger than what
is normally required for buck designs. Low input voltages or
high output currents require a large value output capacitor
(in the thousands of micro Farads).
Included on the Switchers Made Simple design software is
a more precise (non-linear) thermal model that can be used
to determine junction temperature with different input-output
parameters or different component values. It can also calculate the heat sink thermal resistance required to maintain the
regulators junction temperature below the maximum operating temperature.
The peak inductor current, which is the same as the peak
switch current, can be calculated from the following formula:
Additional Applications
Where fosc = 52 kHz. Under normal continuous inductor
current operating conditions, the minimum VIN represents
the worst case. Select an inductor that is rated for the peak
current anticipated.
Also, the maximum voltage appearing across the regulator is
the absolute sum of the input and output voltage. For a −12V
output, the maximum input voltage for the LM2575 is +28V,
or +48V for the LM2575HV.
INVERTING REGULATOR
Figure 10 shows a LM2575-12 in a buck-boost configuration
to generate a negative 12V output from a positive input
voltage. This circuit bootstraps the regulator’s ground pin to
the negative output voltage, then by grounding the feedback
pin, the regulator senses the inverted output voltage and
regulates it to −12V.
For an input voltage of 12V or more, the maximum available
output current in this configuration is approximately 0.35A. At
lighter loads, the minimum input voltage required drops to
approximately 4.7V.
The Switchers Made Simple (version 3.3) design software
can be used to determine the feasibility of regulator designs
using different topologies, different input-output parameters,
different components, etc.
The switch currents in this buck-boost configuration are
higher than in the standard buck-mode design, thus lowering
01147515
FIGURE 10. Inverting Buck-Boost Develops −12V
NEGATIVE BOOST REGULATOR
Another variation on the buck-boost topology is the negative
boost configuration. The circuit in Figure 11 accepts an input
voltage ranging from −5V to −12V and provides a regulated
−12V output. Input voltages greater than −12V will cause the
output to rise above −12V, but will not damage the regulator.
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Because of the boosting function of this type of regulator, the
switch current is relatively high, especially at low input voltages. Output load current limitations are a result of the
maximum current rating of the switch. Also, boost regulators
can not provide current limiting load protection in the event of
a shorted load, so some other means (such as a fuse) may
be necessary.
20
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Additional Applications
(Continued)
01147517
Note: Complete circuit not shown.
01147516
Note: Pin numbers are for the TO-220 package.
Typical Load Current
200 mA for VIN = −5.2V
500 mA for VIN = −7V
FIGURE 12. Undervoltage Lockout for Buck Circuit
Note: Pin numbers are for TO-220 package.
FIGURE 11. Negative Boost
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT
In some applications it is desirable to keep the regulator off
until the input voltage reaches a certain threshold. An undervoltage lockout circuit which accomplishes this task is
shown in Figure 12, while Figure 13 shows the same circuit
applied to a buck-boost configuration. These circuits keep
the regulator off until the input voltage reaches a predetermined level.
VTH ≈ VZ1 + 2VBE (Q1)
01147518
Note: Complete circuit not shown (see Figure 10).
DELAYED STARTUP
The ON /OFF pin can be used to provide a delayed startup
feature as shown in Figure 14. With an input voltage of 20V
and for the part values shown, the circuit provides approximately 10 ms of delay time before the circuit begins switching. Increasing the RC time constant can provide longer
delay times. But excessively large RC time constants can
cause problems with input voltages that are high in 60 Hz or
120 Hz ripple, by coupling the ripple into the ON /OFF pin.
Note: Pin numbers are for the TO-220 package.
FIGURE 13. Undervoltage Lockout
for Buck-Boost Circuit
ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT, LOW-RIPPLE
POWER SUPPLY
A 1A power supply that features an adjustable output voltage
is shown in Figure 15. An additional L-C filter that reduces
the output ripple by a factor of 10 or more is included in this
circuit.
01147519
Note: Complete circuit not shown.
Note: Pin numbers are for the TO-220 package.
FIGURE 14. Delayed Startup
21
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Additional Applications
(Continued)
01147520
Note: Pin numbers are for the TO-220 package.
FIGURE 15. 1.2V to 55V Adjustable 1A Power Supply with Low Output Ripple
Definition of Terms
BUCK REGULATOR
A switching regulator topology in which a higher voltage is
converted to a lower voltage. Also known as a step-down
switching regulator.
01147521
FIGURE 16. Simple Model of a Real Capacitor
Most standard aluminum electrolytic capacitors in the
100 µF–1000 µF range have 0.5Ω to 0.1Ω ESR. Highergrade capacitors (“low-ESR”, “high-frequency”, or “lowinductance”’) in the 100 µF–1000 µF range generally have
ESR of less than 0.15Ω.
BUCK-BOOST REGULATOR
A switching regulator topology in which a positive voltage is
converted to a negative voltage without a transformer.
DUTY CYCLE (D)
Ratio of the output switch’s on-time to the oscillator period.
EQUIVALENT SERIES INDUCTANCE (ESL)
The pure inductance component of a capacitor (see Figure
16). The amount of inductance is determined to a large
extent on the capacitor’s construction. In a buck regulator,
this unwanted inductance causes voltage spikes to appear
on the output.
OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE
The AC component of the switching regulator’s output voltage. It is usually dominated by the output capacitor’s ESR
multiplied by the inductor’s ripple current (∆IIND). The peakto-peak value of this sawtooth ripple current can be determined by reading the Inductor Ripple Current section of the
Application hints.
CATCH DIODE OR CURRENT STEERING DIODE
The diode which provides a return path for the load current
when the LM2575 switch is OFF.
EFFICIENCY (η)
The proportion of input power actually delivered to the load.
CAPACITOR RIPPLE CURRENT
RMS value of the maximum allowable alternating current at
which a capacitor can be operated continuously at a specified temperature.
STANDBY QUIESCENT CURRENT (ISTBY)
Supply current required by the LM2575 when in the standby
mode (ON /OFF pin is driven to TTL-high voltage, thus
turning the output switch OFF).
CAPACITOR EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE (ESR)
The purely resistive component of a real capacitor’s impedance (see Figure 16). It causes power loss resulting in
capacitor heating, which directly affects the capacitor’s operating lifetime. When used as a switching regulator output
filter, higher ESR values result in higher output ripple voltages.
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INDUCTOR RIPPLE CURRENT (∆IIND)
The peak-to-peak value of the inductor current waveform,
typically a sawtooth waveform when the regulator is operating in the continuous mode (vs. discontinuous mode).
22
nates. Inductor current is then limited only by the DC resistance of the wire and the available source current.
(Continued)
CONTINUOUS/DISCONTINUOUS MODE OPERATION
OPERATING VOLT MICROSECOND CONSTANT (E • Top)
The product (in VoIt • µs) of the voltage applied to the inductor
and the time the voltage is applied. This E • Top constant is a
measure of the energy handling capability of an inductor and
is dependent upon the type of core, the core area, the
number of turns, and the duty cycle.
Relates to the inductor current. In the continuous mode, the
inductor current is always flowing and never drops to zero,
vs. the discontinuous mode, where the inductor current
drops to zero for a period of time in the normal switching
cycle.
INDUCTOR SATURATION
The condition which exists when an inductor cannot hold any
more magnetic flux. When an inductor saturates, the inductor appears less inductive and the resistive component domi-
23
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LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Definition of Terms
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters)
unless otherwise noted
16-Lead Ceramic Dual-in-Line (J)
Order Number LM1575J-3.3/883, LM1575J-5.0/883,
LM1575J-12/883, LM1575J-15/883, or LM1575J-ADJ/883
NS Package Number J16A
14-Lead Wide Surface Mount (WM)
Order Number LM2575M-5.0, LM2575HVM-5.0, LM2575M-12,
LM2575HVM-12, LM2575M-15, LM2575HVM-15,
LM2575M-ADJ or LM2575HVM-ADJ
NS Package Number M24B
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24
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
16-Lead Molded DIP (N)
Order Number LM2575N-5.0, LM2575HVN-5.0, LM2575N-12, LM2575HVN-12,
LM2575N-15, LM2575HVN-15, LM2575N-ADJ or LM2575HVN-ADJ
NS Package Number N16A
5-Lead TO-220 (T)
Order Number LM2575T-3.3, LM2575HVT-3.3, LM2575T-5.0, LM2575HVT-5.0, LM2575T-12,
LM2575HVT-12, LM2575T-15, LM2575HVT-15, LM2575T-ADJ or LM2575HVT-ADJ
NS Package Number T05A
25
www.national.com
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
TO-263, Molded, 5-Lead Surface Mount
Order Number LM2575S-3.3, LM2575HVS-3.3, LM2575S-5.0, LM2575HVS-5.0, LM2575S-12,
LM2575HVS-12, LM2575S-15, LM2575HVS-15, LM2575S-ADJ or LM2575HVS-ADJ
NS Package Number TS5B
www.national.com
26
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
Bent, Staggered 5-Lead TO-220 (T)
Order Number LM2575T-3.3 Flow LB03, LM2575HVT-3.3 Flow LB03,
LM2575T-5.0 Flow LB03, LM2575HVT-5.0 Flow LB03,
LM2575T-12 Flow LB03, LM2575HVT-12 Flow LB03,
LM2575T-15 Flow LB03, LM2575HVT-15 Flow LB03,
LM2575T-ADJ Flow LB03 or LM2575HVT-ADJ Flow LB03
NS Package Number T05D
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NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE
National Semiconductor certifies that the products and packing materials meet the provisions of the Customer Products
Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification
(CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2.
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Americas Customer
Support Center
Email: new.feedback@nsc.com
Tel: 1-800-272-9959
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Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86
Email: europe.support@nsc.com
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Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com
Tel: 81-3-5639-7560
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
LM1575/LM2575/LM2575HV Series SIMPLE SWITCHER 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator
Physical Dimensions
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