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LM2679
SNVS026O – MARCH 2000 – REVISED JUNE 2016
LM2679 SIMPLE SWITCHER® 5-A Step-Down Voltage Regulator
With Adjustable Current Limit
1 Features
3 Description
•
•
The LM2679 series of regulators are monolithic
integrated circuits which provide all of the active
functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator
capable of driving up to 5-A loads with excellent line
and load regulation characteristics. High efficiency
(>90%) is obtained through the use of a low ONresistance DMOS power switch. The series consists
of fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V and
an adjustable output version.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Efficiency Up to 92%
Simple and Easy to Design Using Off-The-Shelf
External Components
Resistor Programmable Peak Current Limit Over a
Range of 3 A to 7 A
120-mΩ DMOS Output Switch
3.3-V, 5-V, 12-V Fixed Output and Adjustable
(1.2 V to 37 V) Versions
±2% Maximum Output Tolerance Over Full Line
and Load Conditions
Wide Input Voltage Range: 8 V to 40 V
260-kHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator
Soft-Start Capability
−40 to 125°C Operating Junction Temperature
Range
2 Applications
•
•
•
Simple-to-Design, High Efficiency (>90%)
Step-Down Switching Regulators
Efficient System Preregulator for Linear Voltage
Regulators
Battery Chargers
The SIMPLE SWITCHER® concept provides for a
complete design using a minimum number of external
components. A high fixed frequency oscillator
(260 kHz) allows the use of physically smaller sized
components. A family of standard inductors for use
with the LM2679 are available from several
manufacturers to greatly simplify the design process.
Other features include the ability to reduce the input
surge current at power on by adding a soft-start
timing capacitor to gradually turn on the regulator.
The LM2679 series also has built-in thermal
shutdown and resistor programmable current limit of
the power MOSFET switch to protect the device and
load circuitry under fault conditions. The output
voltage is specified to a ±2% tolerance. The clock
frequency is controlled to within a ±11% tolerance.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
LM2679
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
TO-263 (7)
10.10 mm × 8.89 mm
TO-220 (7)
14.986 mm × 10.16 mm
VSON (14)
6.00 mm × 5.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
Typical Application
Feedback
0.01 PF
Input
Voltage
8V to 40V
CIN
3 x 15 PF/50V
VIN
LM2679 - 5.0
0.47 PF
+
+
+
Softstart
5.6k
1 nF
Current
Limit
Adjust
Boost
Output
Voltage
L
Switch
Ground Output
22 PH
6TQ045S
I CL =
+
5V/5A
+ C
OUT
2 x 180 PF/16V
37,125
RADJ Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM2679
SNVS026O – MARCH 2000 – REVISED JUNE 2016
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specification...........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
4
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics – 3.3 V ..............................
Electrical Characteristics – 5 V .................................
Electrical Characteristics – 12 V ...............................
Electrical Characteristics – Adjustable......................
Electrical Characteristics – All Output Voltage
Versions .....................................................................
6.10 Typical Characteristics ............................................
7
6
7
Detailed Description .............................................. 9
7.1 Overview ................................................................... 9
7.2 Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 9
7.3 Feature Description................................................... 9
7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 10
8
Application and Implementation ........................ 11
8.1 Application Information............................................ 11
8.2 Typical Application .................................................. 14
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 26
10 Layout................................................................... 26
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 26
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 27
11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 28
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
Related Documentation.........................................
Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
28
28
28
28
28
28
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 28
12.1 VSON Package Devices ....................................... 28
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision N (April 2013) to Revision O
Page
•
Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section. ................................................................................................. 1
•
Removed all references to Computer Design Software LM267X Made Simple (Version 6.0).............................................. 1
Changes from Revision M (April 2013) to Revision N
•
2
Page
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ........................................................................................................... 15
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
KTW Package
7-Pin TO-263
Top View
NDZ Package
7-Pin TO-220
Top View
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Not to scale
7
SS
6
FB
5
Current_adjust
4
GND
3
CB
2
Input
1
Switch_output
Switch_output
Input
CB
GND
Current_adjust
FB
SS
Not to scale
NHM Package
14-Pin VSON
Top View
NC
1
14
Switch_output
Input
2
13
Switch_output
Input
3
12
Switch_output
CB
4
11
NC
NC
DAP
NC
5
10
Current_adjust
6
9
GND
FB
7
8
SS
Not to scale
Connect DAP to pin 9
Pin Functions
PIN
I/O
DESCRIPTION
12, 13, 14
O
Source pin of the internal high side FET. This is a switching node. Attached
this pin to an inductor and the cathode of the external diode.
2
2, 3
I
Supply input pin to collector pin of high side FET. Connect to power supply
and input bypass capacitors CIN. Path from VIN pin to high frequency
bypass CIN and GND must be as short as possible.
CB
3
4
I
Boot-strap capacitor connection for high-side driver. Connect a high quality
100-nF capacitor from CB to VSW pin.
GND
4
9
—
Current adjust
5
6
I
Current limit adjust pin. Connect a resistor from this pin to GND to set the
current limit of the part.
FB
6
7
I
Feedback sense input pin. Connect to the midpoint of feedback divider to
set VOUT for adjustable version or connect this pin directly to the output
capacitor for a fixed output version.
SS
7
8
I
Soft-start pin. Connect a capacitor from this pin to GND to control the output
voltage ramp. If the feature not desired, the pin can be left floating
NC
—
1, 5, 10, 11
—
NAME
TO-263, TO-220
VSON
Switch output
1
Input
Power ground pins. Connect to system ground. Ground pins of CIN and
COUT. Path to CIN must be as short as possible.
No connect pins
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6 Specification
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2)
MIN
MAX
UNIT
45
V
–0.1
6
V
–1
VIN
V
VSW + 8 V
V
14
V
Input supply voltage
Soft-start pin voltage
Switch voltage to ground (3)
Boost pin voltage
Feedback pin voltage
–0.3
Power dissipation
Soldering temperature
Internally limited
Wave (4 s)
260
Infrared (10 s)
240
Vapor phase (75 s)
219
Storage Temperature, Tstg
(1)
(2)
(3)
–65
°C
150
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and
specifications.
The absolute maximum specification of the switch voltage to ground applies to DC voltage. An extended negative voltage limit of –10 V
applies to a pulse of up to 20 ns, –6 V of 60 ns and –3 V of up to 100 ns.
6.2 ESD Ratings
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) (2)
VALUE
UNIT
±2000
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
ESD was applied using the human-body model, a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kΩ resistor into each pin.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
Supply voltage
Junction temperature, TJ
4
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MIN
MAX
8
40
UNIT
V
–40
125
°C
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6.4 Thermal Information
LM2679
THERMAL METRIC
(1)
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NHM
(VSON)
7 PINS
7 PINS
14 PINS
65
—
—
See (3)
45
—
—
See (4)
—
56
—
(5)
—
35
—
See (6)
—
26
—
See (7)
—
—
55
(8)
—
—
29
2
2
—
See
See
RθJC(top)
KTW
(TO-263)
(2)
See
RθJA
NDZ
(TO-220)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
UNIT
°C/W
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 7-lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads in a
socket, or on a PCB with minimum copper area.
Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 7-lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads
soldered to a PCB containing approximately 4 square inches of (1 oz.) copper area surrounding the leads.
Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB area of 0.136 square inches (the
same size as the DDPAK package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.
Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB area of 0.4896 square inches
(3.6 times the area of the DDPAK package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.
Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB copper area of 1.0064 square inches
(7.4 times the area of the DDPAK 3 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper. Additional copper area reduces thermal resistance
further.
Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 14-lead VSON mounted on a PCB copper area equal to the die attach paddle.
Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 14-lead VSON mounted on a PCB copper area using 12 vias to a second layer of copper
equal to die attach paddle. Additional copper area reduces thermal resistance further. For layout recommendations, see AN-1187
Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP).
6.5 Electrical Characteristics – 3.3 V
Specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ (unless otherwise noted).
PARAMETER
VOUT
Output voltage
VIN = 8 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 5 A
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A
(1)
(2)
MIN (1)
TYP (2)
MAX (1)
TJ = 25°C
3.234
3.3
3.366
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
3.201
TEST CONDITIONS
UNIT
3.399
V
82%
All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA = TJ = 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified
through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level
(AOQL).
Typical values are determined with TA = TJ = 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
6.6 Electrical Characteristics – 5 V
Specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ (unless otherwise noted).
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
VOUT
Output voltage
VIN = 8 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 5 A
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A
(1)
(2)
TJ = 25°C
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
MIN (1)
TYP (2)
4.9
5
4.85
MAX (1) UNIT
5.1
5.15
V
84%
All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA = TJ = 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified
through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level
(AOQL).
Typical values are determined with TA = TJ = 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
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6.7 Electrical Characteristics – 12 V
Specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ (unless otherwise noted).
PARAMETER
VOUT
Output voltage
VIN = 15 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 5 A
η
Efficiency
VIN = 24 V, ILOAD = 5 A
(1)
(2)
MIN (1)
TYP (2)
MAX (1)
TJ = 25°C
11.76
12
12.24
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
11.64
TEST CONDITIONS
UNIT
V
12.36
92%
All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA = TJ = 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified
through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level
(AOQL).
Typical values are determined with TA = TJ = 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
6.8 Electrical Characteristics – Adjustable
Specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ (unless otherwise noted).
PARAMETER
VFB
Feedback voltage
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A
(1)
(2)
MIN (1)
TYP (2)
MAX (1)
TJ = 25°C
1.186
1.21
1.234
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
1.174
TEST CONDITIONS
VIN = 8 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 5 A,
VOUT programmed for 5 V
UNIT
V
1.246
84%
All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA = TJ = 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified
through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level
(AOQL).
Typical values are determined with TA = TJ = 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
6.9 Electrical Characteristics – All Output Voltage Versions
Specifications are for TA = TJ = 25°C, VIN = 12 V for the 3.3 V, 5-V, and adjustable versions, and VIN = 24 V for the 12-V
version (unless otherwise specified).
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
VFEEDBACK = 8 V for 3.3-V, 5-V, and adjustable versions,
VFEEDBACK = 15 V for 12-V version
IQ
Quiescent current
VADJ
Current limit adjust
voltage
TJ = 25°C
1.181
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
1.169
ICL
Current limit
RADJ = 5.6 kΩ (1)
IL
Output leakage current
VIN = 40 V, soft-start pin = 0 V
RDS(ON)
Switch ON-resistance
ISWITCH = 5 A
fO
Oscillator frequency
Measured at switch pin
D
Duty cycle
IBIAS
Feedback bias
current
VSFST
Soft-start threshold
voltage
TJ = 25°C
ISFST
Soft-start pin current
Soft-start pin = 0 V
(1)
6
TJ = 25°C
5.5
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
5.3
TYP
MAX
4.2
6
1.21
1.229
1.246
6.3
7.6
8.1
VSWITCH = 0 V
1
1.5
VSWITCH = −1 V
6
15
TJ = 25°C
0.12
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
0.14
0.225
TJ = 25°C
260
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
225
280
Maximum duty cycle
91%
Minimum duty cycle
0%
VFEEDBACK = 1.3 V (adjustable version only)
85
0.53
TJ = 25°C
0.74
3.7
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
mA
V
A
mA
Ω
kHz
nA
0.63
TJ = –40°C to 125°C
UNIT
6.9
V
μA
The peak switch current limit is determined by the following relationship: ICL = 37,125 / RADJ
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6.10 Typical Characteristics
Figure 1. Normalized Output Voltage
Figure 2. Line Regulation
Figure 3. Efficiency vs Input Voltage
Figure 4. Efficiency vs ILOAD
Figure 5. Switch Current Limit
Figure 6. Operating Quiescent Current
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Figure 8. Feedback Pin Bias Current
Figure 7. Switching Frequency
Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20 V, VOUT = 5 V,
ILOAD = 5 A, L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF, COUTESR = 13 mΩ
A. VSW pin voltage, 10 V/div
B. Inductor current, 2 A/div
C. Output ripple voltage, 20 mV/div AC-coupled
Figure 9. Horizontal Time Base: 1 μs/div
Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20 V, VOUT = 5 V,
ILOAD = 500 mA, L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF, COUTESR = 13 mΩ
A. VSW pin voltage, 10 V/div
B. Inductor current, 1 A/div
C. Output ripple voltage, 20 mV/div AC-coupled
Figure 10. Horizontal Time Base: 1 μs/div
Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 5 V, L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF, COUTESR = 13 mΩ
A. Output voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-coupled
B. Load current: 500-mA to 5-A load pulse
Figure 11. Horizontal Time Base: 100 μs/div
Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 5 V, L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF, COUTESR = 13 mΩ
A. Output voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-coupled
B. Load current: 200-mA to 3-A load pulse
Figure 12. Horizontal Time Base: 200 μs/div
8
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The LM2679 provides all of the active functions required for a step-down (buck) switching regulator. The internal
power switch is a DMOS power MOSFET to provide power supply designs with high current capability, up to 5 A,
and highly efficient operation.
The LM2679 is part of the SIMPLE SWITCHER® family of power converters. A complete design uses a minimum
number of external components, which have been predetermined from a variety of manufacturers. The software
is provided free of charge and can be downloaded from Texas Instruments Internet site: www.ti.com.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Switch Output
This is the output of a power MOSFET switch connected directly to the input voltage. The switch provides energy
to an inductor, an output capacitor and the load circuitry under control of an internal pulse-width-modulator
(PWM). The PWM controller is internally clocked by a fixed 260-kHz oscillator. In a standard step-down
application the duty cycle (Time ON/Time OFF) of the power switch is proportional to the ratio of the power
supply output voltage to the input voltage. The voltage on pin 1 switches between VIN (switch ON) and below
ground by the voltage drop of the external Schottky diode (switch OFF).
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.2 Input
The input voltage for the power supply is connected to pin 2. In addition to providing energy to the load the input
voltage also provides bias for the internal circuitry of the LM2679. For ensured performance the input voltage
must be in the range of 8 V to 40 V. For best performance of the power supply the input pin must always be
bypassed with an input capacitor placed close to pin 2.
7.3.3 C Boost
A capacitor must be connected from pin 3 to the switch output, pin 1. This capacitor boosts the gate drive to the
internal MOSFET above VIN to fully turn it ON. This minimizes conduction losses in the power switch to maintain
high efficiency. The recommended value for C Boost is 0.01 μF.
7.3.4 Ground
This is the ground reference connection for all components in the power supply. In fast-switching, high-current
applications such as those implemented with the LM2679, TI recommends that a broad ground plane be used to
minimize signal coupling throughout the circuit.
7.3.5 Current Adjust
A key feature of the LM2679 is the ability to tailor the peak switch current limit to a level required by a particular
application. This alleviates the requirement to use external components that must be physically sized to
accommodate current levels (under shorted output conditions for example) that may be much higher than the
normal circuit operating current requirements.
A resistor connected from pin 5 to ground establishes a current (I(pin 5) = 1.2 V / RADJ) that sets the peak current
through the power switch. The maximum switch current is fixed at a level of 37,125 / RADJ.
7.3.6 Feedback
This is the input to a two-stage high gain amplifier, which drives the PWM controller. It is necessary to connect
pin 6 to the actual output of the power supply to set the DC output voltage. For the fixed output devices (3.3-V,
5-V and 12-V outputs), a direct wire connection to the output is all that is required as internal gain setting
resistors are provided inside the LM2679. For the adjustable output version two external resistors are required to
set the DC output voltage. For stable operation of the power supply it is important to prevent coupling of any
inductor flux to the feedback input.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Soft Start
A capacitor connected from pin 7 to ground allows for a slow turnon of the switching regulator. The capacitor sets
a time delay to gradually increase the duty cycle of the internal power switch. This can significantly reduce the
amount of surge current required from the input supply during an abrupt application of the input voltage. If soft
start is not required this pin must be left open circuited. See Soft-Start Capacitor, CSS for further information
regarding soft-start capacitor values.
10
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
8.1.1 Design Considerations
Power supply design using the LM2679 is greatly simplified by using recommended external components. A wide
range of inductors, capacitors and Schottky diodes from several manufacturers have been evaluated for use in
designs that cover the full range of capabilities (input voltage, output voltage, and load current) of the LM2679. A
simple design procedure using nomographs and component tables provided in this data sheet leads to a working
design with very little effort.
The individual components from the various manufacturers called out for use are still just a small sample of the
vast array of components available in the industry. While these components are recommended, they are not
exclusively the only components for use in a design. After a close comparison of component specifications,
equivalent devices from other manufacturers could be substituted for use in an application.
Important considerations for each external component and an explanation of how the nomographs and selection
tables were developed follows.
8.1.2 Inductor
The inductor is the key component in a switching regulator. For efficiency the inductor stores energy during the
switch ON time and then transfers energy to the load while the switch is OFF.
Nomographs are used to select the inductance value required for a given set of operating conditions. The
nomographs assume that the circuit is operating in continuous mode (the current flowing through the inductor
never falls to zero). The magnitude of inductance is selected to maintain a maximum ripple current of 30% of the
maximum load current. If the ripple current exceeds this 30% limit the next larger value is selected.
The inductors offered have been specifically manufactured to provide proper operation under all operating
conditions of input and output voltage and load current. Several part types are offered for a given amount of
inductance. Both surface mount and through-hole devices are available. The inductors from each of the three
manufacturers have unique characteristics:
• Renco: ferrite stick core inductors; benefits are typically lowest cost and can withstand ripple and transient
peak currents above the rated value. These inductors have an external magnetic field, which may generate
EMI.
• Pulse Engineering: powdered iron toroid core inductors; these also can withstand higher than rated currents
and, being toroid inductors, have low EMI.
• Coilcraft: ferrite drum core inductors; these are the smallest physical size inductors and are available only as
surface mount components. These inductors also generate EMI but less than stick inductors.
8.1.3 Output Capacitor
The output capacitor acts to smooth the DC output voltage and also provides energy storage. Selection of an
output capacitor, with an associated equivalent series resistance (ESR), impacts both the amount of output ripple
voltage and stability of the control loop.
The output ripple voltage of the power supply is the product of the capacitor ESR and the inductor ripple current.
The capacitor types recommended in the tables were selected for having low ESR ratings.
In addition, both surface mount tantalum capacitors and through-hole aluminum electrolytic capacitors are offered
as solutions.
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Application Information (continued)
Impacting frequency stability of the overall control loop, the output capacitance, in conjunction with the inductor,
creates a double pole inside the feedback loop. In addition the capacitance and the ESR value create a zero.
These frequency response effects together with the internal frequency compensation circuitry of the LM2679
modify the gain and phase shift of the closed-loop system.
As a general rule for stable switching regulator circuits it is desired to have the unity gain bandwidth of the circuit
to be limited to no more than one-sixth of the controller switching frequency. With the fixed 26-kHz switching
frequency of the LM2679, the output capacitor is selected to provide a unity gain bandwidth of 40 kHz maximum.
Each recommended capacitor value has been chosen to achieve this result.
In some cases multiple capacitors are required either to reduce the ESR of the output capacitor, to minimize
output ripple (a ripple voltage of 1% of VOUT or less is the assumed performance condition), or to increase the
output capacitance to reduce the closed loop unity gain bandwidth (to less than 40 kHz). When parallel
combinations of capacitors are required it has been assumed that each capacitor is the exact same part type.
The RMS current and working voltage (WV) ratings of the output capacitor are also important considerations. In a
typical step-down switching regulator, the inductor ripple current (set to be no more than 30% of the maximum
load current by the inductor selection) is the current that flows through the output capacitor. The capacitor RMS
current rating must be greater than this ripple current. The voltage rating of the output capacitor must be greater
than 1.3 times the maximum output voltage of the power supply. If operation of the system at elevated
temperatures is required, the capacitor voltage rating may be de-rated to less than the nominal room temperature
rating. Careful inspection of the manufacturer's specification for de-rating of working voltage with temperature is
important.
8.1.4 Input Capacitor
Fast changing currents in high current switching regulators place a significant dynamic load on the unregulated
power source. An input capacitor helps to provide additional current to the power supply as well as smooth out
input voltage variations.
Like the output capacitor, the key specifications for the input capacitor are RMS current rating and working
voltage. The RMS current flowing through the input capacitor is equal to one-half of the maximum DC load
current so the capacitor must be rated to handle this. Paralleling multiple capacitors proportionally increases the
current rating of the total capacitance. The voltage rating must also be selected to be 1.3 times the maximum
input voltage. Depending on the unregulated input power source, under light load conditions the maximum input
voltage could be significantly higher than normal operation. Consider this when selecting an input capacitor.
The input capacitor must be placed very close to the input pin of the LM2679. Due to relative high current
operation with fast transient changes, the series inductance of input connecting wires or PCB traces can create
ringing signals at the input terminal which could possibly propagate to the output or other parts of the circuitry. It
may be necessary in some designs to add a small valued (0.1-μF to 0.47-μF) ceramic type capacitor in parallel
with the input capacitor to prevent or minimize any ringing.
8.1.5 Catch Diode
When the power switch in the LM2679 turns OFF, the current through the inductor continues to flow. The path for
this current is through the diode connected between the switch output and ground. This forward biased diode
clamps the switch output to a voltage less than ground. This negative voltage must be greater than −1 V so a low
voltage drop (particularly at high current levels) Schottky diode is recommended. Total efficiency of the entire
power supply is significantly impacted by the power lost in the output catch diode. The average current through
the catch diode is dependent on the switch duty cycle (D) and is equal to the load current times (1-D). Use of a
diode rated for much higher current than is required by the actual application helps to minimize the voltage drop
and power loss in the diode.
During the switch ON time the diode is reversed biased by the input voltage. The reverse voltage rating of the
diode must be at least 1.3 times greater than the maximum input voltage.
8.1.6 Boost Capacitor
The boost capacitor creates a voltage used to overdrive the gate of the internal power MOSFET. This improves
efficiency by minimizing the ON-resistance of the switch and associated power loss. For all applications TI
recommends a 0.01-μF, 50-V ceramic capacitor.
12
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Application Information (continued)
8.1.7 Adjustable Current Limit, RADJ
A key feature of the LM2679 is the ability to control the peak switch current. Without this feature the peak switch
current would be internally set to 7 A or higher to accommodate 5-A load current designs. This requires that both
the inductor (which could saturate with excessively high currents) and the catch diode be able to safely handle
up to 7 A which would be conducted under load fault conditions.
If an application only requires a load current of 3 A or 4 A the peak switch current can be set to a limit just over
the maximum load current with the addition of a single programming resistor. This allows the use of less powerful
and more cost-effective inductors and diodes.
The peak switch current is equal to a factor of 37,125 divided by RADJ. A resistance of 5.6 kΩ sets the current
limit to typically 6.3 A and an RADJ of 8.25 kΩ reduces the maximum current to approximately 4.4 A. For
predictable control of the current limit, TI recommends keeping the peak switch current greater than 3 A. For
lower current applications a 3-A switching regulator with adjustable current limit, the LM2673, is available.
When the power switch reaches the current limit threshold it is immediately turned OFF and the internal switching
frequency is reduced. This extends the OFF time of the switch to prevent a steady-state high current condition.
As the switch current falls below the current limit threshold, the switch turns back ON. If a load fault continues,
the switch again exceeds the threshold and switch back OFF. This results in a low duty cycle pulsing of the
power switch to minimize the overall fault condition power dissipation.
8.1.8 Soft-Start Capacitor, CSS
This optional capacitor controls the rate at which the LM2679 starts up at power on. The capacitor is charged
linearly by an internal current source. This voltage ramp gradually increases the duty cycle of the power switch
until it reaches the normal operating duty cycle defined primarily by the ratio of the output voltage to the input
voltage. The soft-start turnon time is programmable by the selection of CSS.
The formula for selecting a soft-start capacitor is Equation 1.
where
•
•
•
•
•
•
ISST = Soft-start current (3.7 μA typical)
tSS = Soft-start time (from Detailed Design Procedure)
VSST = Soft-start threshold voltage (0.63 V typical)
VOUT = Output voltage (from Detailed Design Procedure)
VSCHOTTKY = Schottky diode voltage drop (0.5 V typical)
VIN = Maximum input voltage (from Detailed Design Procedure)
(1)
If this feature is not desired, leave the soft-start pin (pin 7) open circuited.
With certain soft-start capacitor values and operating conditions, the LM2679 can exhibit an overshoot on the
output voltage during turnon. Especially when starting up into no load or low load, the soft-start function may not
be effective in preventing a larger voltage overshoot on the output. With larger loads or lower input voltages
during start-up this effect is minimized. In particular, avoid using soft-start capacitors between 0.033 µF and 1 µF.
8.1.9 Additional Application Information
When the output voltage is greater than approximately 6 V, and the duty cycle at minimum input voltage is
greater than approximately 50%, the designer must exercise caution in selection of the output filter components.
When an application designed to these specific operating conditions is subjected to a current limit fault condition,
it may be possible to observe a large hysteresis in the current limit. This can affect the output voltage of the
device until the load current is reduced sufficiently to allow the current limit protection circuit to reset itself.
Under current limiting conditions, the LM267x is designed to respond in the following manner:
1. At the moment when the inductor current reaches the current limit threshold, the ON-pulse is immediately
terminated. This happens for any application condition.
2. However, the current limit block is also designed to momentarily reduce the duty cycle to below 50% to avoid
subharmonic oscillations, which could cause the inductor to saturate.
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Application Information (continued)
3. Thereafter, once the inductor current falls below the current limit threshold, there is a small relaxation time
during which the duty cycle progressively rises back above 50% to the value required to achieve regulation.
If the output capacitance is sufficiently ‘arge, it may be possible that as the output tries to recover, the output
capacitor charging current is large enough to repeatedly re-trigger the current limit circuit before the output has
fully settled. This condition is exacerbated with higher output voltage settings because the energy requirement of
the output capacitor varies as the square of the output voltage (½ CV2), thus requiring an increased charging
current.
A simple test to determine if this condition might exist for a suspect application is to apply a short circuit across
the output of the converter, and then remove the shorted output condition. In an application with properly
selected external components, the output recovers smoothly.
Practical values of external components that have been experimentally found to work well under these specific
operating conditions are COUT = 47 µF, L = 22 µH. It must be noted that even with these components, for a
device’s current limit of ICLIM, the maximum load current under which the possibility of the large current limit
hysteresis can be minimized is ICLIM/2. For example, if the input is 24 V and the set output voltage is 18 V, then
for a desired maximum current of 1.5 A, the current limit of the chosen switcher must be confirmed to be at least
3 A.
Under extreme overcurrent or short-circuit conditions, the LM267X employs frequency foldback in addition to the
current limit. If the cycle-by-cycle inductor current increases above the current limit threshold (due to short circuit
or inductor saturation for example) the switching frequency is automatically reduced to protect the IC. Frequency
below 100 kHz is typical for an extreme short-circuit condition.
8.2 Typical Application
8.2.1 Typical Application for All Output Voltage Versions
Feedback
0.01 PF
Input
Voltage
8V to 40V
CIN
3 x 15 PF/50V
VIN
LM2679 - 5.0
0.47 PF
+
+
+
Softstart
5.6k
1 nF
Current
Limit
Adjust
Boost
Output
Voltage
L
Switch
Ground Output
22 PH
6TQ045S
I CL =
+
5V/5A
+ C
OUT
2 x 180 PF/16V
37,125
RADJ Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 13. Typical Application Schematic
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
Select the power supply operating conditions and the maximum output current. Then follow the procedure below
to find external components for LM2679.
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
Using the nomographs and tables in this data sheet (or use the available design software at http://www.ti.com) a
complete step-down regulator can be designed in a few simple steps.
Step 1: Define the power supply operating conditions:
• Required output voltage
• Maximum DC input voltage
• Maximum output load current
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Typical Application (continued)
Step 2: Set the output voltage by selecting a fixed output LM2679 (3.3-V, 5-V, or 12-V applications) or determine
the required feedback resistors for use with the adjustable LM2679−ADJ
Step 3: Determine the inductor required by using one of the four nomographs, Figure 14 through Figure 17.
Table 3 provides a specific manufacturer and part number for the inductor.
Step 4: Using Table 1 and Table 6 (fixed output voltage) or Table 9 and Table 10 (adjustable output voltage),
determine the output capacitance required for stable operation. Table 1 and Table 2 provide the specific
capacitor type from the manufacturer of choice.
Step 5: Determine an input capacitor from Table 7 and Table 8 for fixed output voltage applications. Use Table 1
and Table 2 to find the specific capacitor type. For adjustable output circuits select a capacitor from Table 1 and
Table 2 with a sufficient working voltage (WV) rating greater than VIN max, and an RMS current rating greater
than one-half the maximum load current (2 or more capacitors in parallel may be required).
Step 6: Select a diode from Table 4. The current rating of the diode must be greater than ILOAD max and the
reverse voltage rating must be greater than VIN max.
Step 7: Include a 0.01-μF, 50-V capacitor for CBOOST in the design and then determine the value of a soft-start
capacitor if desired.
Step 8: Define a value for RADJ to set the peak switch current limit to be at least 20% greater than IOUT max to
allow for at least 30% inductor ripple current (±15% of IOUT). For designs that must operate over the full
temperature range the switch current limit must be set to at least 50% greater than IOUT max (1.5 × IOUT max).
8.2.1.2.1 Capacitor Selection Guides
Table 1. Input and Output Capacitor Codes—Surface Mount
CAPACITOR
REFERENCE
CODE
SURFACE MOUNT
AVX TPS SERIES
SPRAGUE 594D SERIES
KEMET T495 SERIES
C (µF)
WV (V)
Irms (A)
C (µF)
WV (V)
Irms (A)
C (µF)
WV (V)
Irms (A)
C1
330
6.3
1.15
120
6.3
1.1
100
6.3
0.82
C2
100
10
1.1
220
6.3
1.4
220
6.3
1.1
C3
220
10
1.15
68
10
1.05
330
6.3
1.1
C4
47
16
0.89
150
10
1.35
100
10
1.1
C5
100
16
1.15
47
16
1
150
10
1.1
C6
33
20
0.77
100
16
1.3
220
10
1.1
C7
68
20
0.94
180
16
1.95
33
20
0.78
C8
22
25
0.77
47
20
1.15
47
20
0.94
C9
10
35
0.63
33
25
1.05
68
20
0.94
C10
22
35
0.66
68
25
1.6
10
35
0.63
C11
—
—
—
15
35
0.75
22
35
0.63
C12
—
—
—
33
35
1
4.7
50
0.66
C13
—
—
—
15
50
0.9
—
—
—
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Table 2. Input and Output Capacitor Codes—Through Hole
CAPACITOR
REFERENCE
CODE
THROUGH HOLE
SANYO OS-CON SA SERIES
SANYO MV-GX SERIES
NICHICON PL SERIES
PANASONIC HFQ SERIES
C (µF)
WV (V)
Irms (A)
C (µF)
WV (V)
Irms (A)
C (µF)
WV (V)
Irms (A)
C (µF)
WV (V)
C1
47
6.3
1
1000
6.3
0.8
680
10
0.8
82
35
Irms (A)
0.4
C2
150
6.3
1.95
270
16
0.6
820
10
0.98
120
35
0.44
C3
330
6.3
2.45
470
16
0.75
1000
10
1.06
220
35
0.76
C4
100
10
1.87
560
16
0.95
1200
10
1.28
330
35
1.01
C5
220
10
2.36
820
16
1.25
2200
10
1.71
560
35
1.4
C6
33
16
0.96
1000
16
1.3
3300
10
2.18
820
35
1.62
C7
100
16
1.92
150
35
0.65
3900
10
2.36
1000
35
1.73
C8
150
16
2.28
470
35
1.3
6800
10
2.68
2200
35
2.8
0.36
C9
100
20
2.25
680
35
1.4
180
16
0.41
56
50
C10
47
25
2.09
1000
35
1.7
270
16
0.55
100
50
0.5
C11
—
—
—
220
63
0.76
470
16
0.77
220
50
0.92
C12
—
—
—
470
63
1.2
680
16
1.02
470
50
1.44
C13
—
—
—
680
63
1.5
820
16
1.22
560
50
1.68
C14
—
—
—
1000
63
1.75
1800
16
1.88
1200
50
2.22
C15
—
—
—
—
—
—
220
25
0.63
330
63
1.42
C16
—
—
—
—
—
—
220
35
0.79
1500
63
2.51
C17
—
—
—
—
—
—
560
35
1.43
—
—
—
C18
—
—
—
—
—
—
2200
35
2.68
—
—
—
C19
—
—
—
—
—
—
150
50
0.82
—
—
—
C20
—
—
—
—
—
—
220
50
1.04
—
—
—
C21
—
—
—
—
—
—
330
50
1.3
—
—
—
C22
—
—
—
—
—
—
100
63
0.75
—
—
—
C23
—
—
—
—
—
—
390
63
1.62
—
—
—
C24
—
—
—
—
—
—
820
63
2.22
—
—
—
C25
—
—
—
—
—
—
1200
63
2.51
—
—
—
Table 3. Inductor Manufacturer Part Numbers
INDUCTOR
REFERENCE
NUMBER
INDUCTANCE
(µH)
CURRENT
(A)
L23
33
L24
22
L25
16
RENCO
PULSE ENGINEERING
THROUGH HOLE
SURFACE
MOUNT
1.35
RL-5471-7
1.65
RL-1283-22-43
15
2
L29
100
L30
L31
COILCRAFT
THROUGH HOLE
SURFACE
MOUNT
SURFACE MOUNT
RL1500-33
PE-53823
PE-53823S
DO3316-333
RL1500-22
PE-53824
PE-53824S
DO3316-223
RL-1283-15-43
RL1500-15
PE-53825
PE-53825S
DO3316-153
1.41
RL-5471-4
RL-6050-100
PE-53829
PE-53829S
DO5022P-104
68
1.71
RL-5471-5
RL6050-68
PE-53830
PE-53830S
DO5022P-683
47
2.06
RL-5471-6
RL6050-47
PE-53831
PE-53831S
DO5022P-473
L32
33
2.46
RL-5471-7
RL6050-33
PE-53932
PE-53932S
DO5022P-333
L33
22
3.02
RL-1283-22-43
RL6050-22
PE-53933
PE-53933S
DO5022P-223
L34
15
3.65
RL-1283-15-43
—
PE-53934
PE-53934S
DO5022P-153
L38
68
2.97
RL-5472-2
—
PE-54038
PE-54038S
—
L39
47
3.57
RL-5472-3
—
PE-54039
PE-54039S
—
L40
33
4.26
RL-1283-33-43
—
PE-54040
PE-54040S
—
L41
22
5.22
RL-1283-22-43
—
PE-54041
P0841
—
L44
68
3.45
RL-5473-3
—
PE-54044
—
—
L45
10
4.47
RL-1283-10-43
—
—
P0845
DO5022P-103HC
L46
15
5.6
RL-1283-15-43
—
—
P0846
DO5022P-153HC
L47
10
5.66
RL-1283-10-43
—
—
P0847
DO5022P-103HC
L48
47
5.61
RL-1282-47-43
—
—
P0848
—
L49
33
5.61
RL-1282-33-43
—
—
P0849
—
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Table 4. Schottky Diode Selection Table
REVERSE
VOLTAGE (V)
20
30
40
50 or more
SURFACE MOUNT
THROUGH HOLE
3A
5 A OR MORE
3A
5 A OR MORE
SK32
—
1N5820
—
—
—
SR302
—
SK33
MBRD835L
1N5821
—
30WQ03F
—
31DQ03
—
SK34
MBRD1545CT
1N5822
1N5825
30BQ040
6TQ045S
MBR340
MBR745
30WQ04F
—
31DQ04
80SQ045
MBRS340
—
SR403
6TQ045
MBRD340
—
—
—
SK35
—
MBR350
—
30WQ05F
—
31DQ05
—
—
—
SR305
—
8.2.1.3 Application Curves
For continuous mode operation
Figure 14. LM2679-3.3 V
Figure 15. LM2679-5 V
Figure 16. LM2679-12 V
Figure 17. LM2679-Adjustable Voltage
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8.2.2 Fixed Output Voltage Design Example
Figure 18. Basic Circuit for Fixed Output Voltage Applications
8.2.2.1 Detailed Design Procedure
A system logic power supply bus of 3.3 V is to be generated from a wall adapter which provides an unregulated
DC voltage of 13 V to 16 V. The maximum load current is 4 A. A soft-start delay time of 50 ms is desired.
Through-hole components are preferred.
Step 1: Operating conditions are:
• VOUT = 3.3 V
• VIN max = 16 V
• ILOAD max = 4 A
Step 2: Select an LM2679T-3.3. The output voltage has a tolerance of ±2% at room temperature and ±3% over
the full operating temperature range.
Step 3: Use the nomograph for the 3.3-V device, Figure 14. The intersection of the 16 V horizontal line (VIN max)
and the 4 A vertical line (Iload max) indicates that L46, a 15-μH inductor, is required.
From Table 3, L46 in a through-hole component is available from Renco with part number RL-1283-15-43.
Step 4: Use Table 5 and Table 6 to determine an output capacitor. With a 3.3-V output and a 15-μH inductor
there are four through-hole output capacitor solutions with the number of same type capacitors to be paralleled
and an identifying capacitor code given. Table 1 and Table 2 provide the actual capacitor characteristics. Any of
the following choices works in the circuit:
• 2 × 220-μF, 10-V Sanyo OS-CON (code C5)
• 2 × 820-μF, 16-V Sanyo MV-GX (code C5)
• 1 × 3900-μF, 10-V Nichicon PL (code C7)
• 2 × 560-μF, 35-V Panasonic HFQ (code C5)
Step 5: Use Table 7 and Table 8 to select an input capacitor. With 3.3-V output and 15 μH there are three
through-hole solutions. These capacitors provide a sufficient voltage rating and an RMS current rating greater
than 2 A (1/2 ILOAD max). Again using Table 1 and Table 2 for specific component characteristics the following
choices are suitable:
• 2 × 680-μF, 63-V Sanyo MV-GX (code C13)
• 1 × 1200-μF, 63-V Nichicon PL (code C25)
• 1 × 1500-μF, 63-V Panasonic HFQ (code C16)
Step 6: From Table 4, a 5-A or more Schottky diode must be selected. For through-hole components only 40-V
rated diodes are indicated and 4 part types are suitable:
• 1N5825
• MBR745
• 80SQ045
• 6TQ045
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Step 7: A 0.01-μF capacitor is used for CBOOST. For the 50-ms soft-start delay the following parameters are to be
used:
• ISST = 3.7 μA
• tSS = 50 ms
• VSST = 0.63 V
• VOUT = 3.3 V
• VSCHOTTKY = 0.5 V
• VIN = 16 V
Using VIN max ensures that the soft-start delay time is at least the desired 50 ms.
Using the formula for CSS a value of 0.148 μF is determined to be required. Use of a standard value 0.22-μF
capacitor produces more than sufficient soft-start delay.
Step 8: Determine a value for RADJ with Equation 2 to provide a peak switch current limit of at least 4 A plus 50%
or 6 A.
(2)
Use a value of 6.2 kΩ.
8.2.2.1.1 Capacitor Selection
Table 5. Output Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Surface Mount (1) (2)
SURFACE MOUNT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.3
5
12
(1)
(2)
INDUCTANCE (µH)
AVX TPS SERIES
SPRAGUE 594D SERIES
KEMET T495 SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
10
5
C1
5
C1
5
C2
15
4
C1
4
C1
4
C3
22
3
C2
2
C7
3
C4
33
1
C1
2
C7
3
C4
10
4
C2
4
C6
4
C4
15
3
C3
2
C7
3
C5
22
3
C2
2
C7
3
C4
33
2
C2
2
C3
2
C4
47
2
C2
1
C7
2
C4
10
4
C5
3
C6
5
C9
15
3
C5
2
C7
4
C9
22
2
C5
2
C6
3
C8
33
2
C5
1
C7
3
C8
47
2
C4
1
C6
2
C8
68
1
C5
1
C5
2
C7
100
1
C4
1
C5
1
C8
No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.
C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
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Table 6. Output Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Through Hole (1) (2)
THROUGH HOLE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(V)
3.3
5
12
(1)
(2)
INDUCTANCE (µH)
SANYO OS-CON
SA SERIES
SANYO MV-GX
SERIES
NICHICON PL
SERIES
PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
10
2
C5
2
C6
1
C8
2
C6
15
2
C5
2
C5
1
C7
2
C5
22
1
C5
1
C10
1
C5
1
C7
33
1
C5
1
C10
1
C5
1
C7
10
2
C4
2
C5
1
C6
2
C5
15
1
C5
1
C10
1
C5
1
C7
22
1
C5
1
C9
1
C5
1
C5
33
1
C4
1
C5
1
C4
1
C4
47
1
C4
1
C4
1
C2
2
C4
10
2
C7
1
C10
1
C14
2
C4
15
1
C8
1
C6
1
C17
1
C5
22
1
C7
1
C5
1
C13
1
C5
33
1
C7
1
C4
1
C12
1
C4
47
1
C7
1
C3
1
C11
1
C3
68
1
C6
1
C2
1
C10
1
C3
100
1
C6
1
C2
1
C9
1
C1
No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.
C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
Table 7. Input Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Surface Mount (1) (2) (3)
SURFACE MOUNT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INDUCTANCE (µH)
10
3.3
5
12
20
SPRAGUE 594D SERIES
KEMET T495 SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
3
C7
2
C10
3
C9
(4)
(4)
15
See
3
C13
4
C12
22
See (4)
See (4)
2
C13
3
C12
33
See (4)
See (4)
2
C13
3
C12
10
3
C4
2
C6
3
C9
See
15
4
C9
3
C12
4
C10
22
See (4)
See (4)
3
C13
4
C12
33
See (4)
See (4)
2
C13
3
C12
47
See
(4)
(4)
1
C13
2
C12
10
4
C9
2
C10
4
C10
15
4
C8
2
C10
4
C10
See
22
4
C9
3
C12
4
C10
33
See (4)
See (4)
3
C13
4
C12
47
See (4)
See (4)
2
C13
3
C12
68
See (4)
See (4)
2
C13
2
C12
(4)
(4)
1
C13
2
C12
100
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
AVX TPS SERIES
See
See
No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.
C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
Assumes worst case maximum input voltage and load current for a given inductance value
Check voltage rating of capacitors to be greater than application input voltage.
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Table 8. Input Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Through Hole (1) (2) (3)
THROUGH HOLE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(V)
3.3
5
12
INDUCTANCE (µH)
SANYO MV-GX
SERIES
NICHICON PL
SERIES
PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
10
2
C9
2
C8
1
C18
1
C8
15
See (4)
See (4)
2
C13
1
C25
1
C16
22
See (4)
See (4)
1
C14
1
C24
1
C16
33
See
(4)
See (4)
1
C14
1
C24
1
C16
10
2
C7
2
C8
1
C25
1
C8
(4)
See
2
C8
1
C25
1
C8
22
See (4)
See (4)
2
C13
1
C25
1
C16
33
See (4)
See (4)
1
C14
1
C23
1
C13
47
See (4)
See (4)
1
C12
1
C19
1
C11
10
2
C10
2
C8
1
C18
1
C8
15
2
C10
2
C8
1
C18
1
C8
22
See (4)
See (4)
2
C8
1
C18
1
C8
33
See
(4)
(4)
2
C12
1
C24
1
C14
47
See (4)
See (4)
1
C14
1
C23
1
C13
68
See (4)
See (4)
1
C13
1
C21
1
C15
(4)
(4)
1
C11
1
C22
1
C11
See
See
(4)
C CODE
15
100
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SANYO OS-CON
SA SERIES
See
See
No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.
C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
Assumes worst case maximum input voltage and load current for a given inductance value
Check voltage rating of capacitors to be greater than application input voltage.
8.2.3 Adjustable Output Design Example
Figure 19. Basic Circuit for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications
8.2.3.1 Detailed Design Procedure
In this example it is desired to convert the voltage from a two battery automotive power supply (voltage range of
20 V to 28 V, typical in large truck applications) to the 14.8-VDC alternator supply typically used to power
electronic equipment from single battery 12-V vehicle systems. The load current required is 3.5 A maximum. It is
also desired to implement the power supply with all surface mount components. Soft start is not required.
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Step 1: Operating conditions are:
• VOUT = 14.8 V
• VIN max = 28 V
• ILOAD max = 3.5 A
Step 2: Select an LM2679S-ADJ. To set the output voltage to 14.9 V, two resistors need to be chosen (R1 and
R2 in Figure 19). For the adjustable device, the output voltage is set by Equation 3.
where
•
VFB is the feedback voltage of typically 1.21 V
(3)
A recommended value to use for R1 is 1 k. In this example, R2 is determined with Equation 4.
(4)
R2 = 11.23 kΩ
The closest standard 1% tolerance value to use is 11.3 kΩ
This sets the nominal output voltage to 14.88 V which is within 0.5% of the target value.
Step 3: To use the nomograph for the adjustable device, Figure 17, requires a calculation of the inductor Volt •
microsecond constant (E • T expressed in V • μS) from Equation 5.
where
•
VSAT is the voltage drop across the internal power switch which is Rds(ON) times ILOAD
(5)
In this example, this is typically 0.12 Ω × 3.5 A or 0.42 V and VD is the voltage drop across the forward biased
Schottky diode, typically 0.5 V. The switching frequency of 260 kHz is the nominal value to use to estimate the
ON time of the switch during which energy is stored in the inductor.
For this example E • T is found with Equation 6 and Equation 7.
(6)
(7)
Using Figure 17, the intersection of 27 V • μS horizontally and the 3.5 A vertical line (ILOAD max) indicates that
L48 , a 47-μH inductor, or L49, a 33-μH inductor could be used. Either inductor is suitable, but for this example
selecting the larger inductance results in lower ripple current.
From Table 3, L48 in a surface mount component is available from Pulse Engineering with part number P0848.
Step 4: Use Table 9 and Table 10 to determine an output capacitor. With a 14.8-V output the 12.5 to 15 V row is
used and with a 47-μH inductor there are three surface mount output capacitor solutions. Table 1 and Table 2
provide the actual capacitor characteristics based on the C Code number. Any of the following choices can be
used:
• 1 × 33-μF, 20-V AVX TPS (code C6)
• 1 × 47-μF, 20-V Sprague 594 (code C8)
• 1 × 47-μF, 20-V Kemet T495 (code C8)
NOTE
When using the adjustable device in low voltage applications (less than 3-V output), if the
nomograph, Figure 17, selects an inductance of 22 μH or less, Table 9 and Table 10 do
not provide an output capacitor solution. With these conditions the number of output
capacitors required for stable operation becomes impractical. It is recommended to use
either a 33-μH or 47-μH inductor and the output capacitors from Table 9 and Table 10.
22
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Step 5: An input capacitor for this example requires at least a 35-V WV rating with an RMS current rating of 1.75
A (1/2 IOUT max). From Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that C12, a 33-μF, 35-V capacitor from Sprague, has
the highest voltage and current rating of the surface mount components and that two of these capacitor in
parallel is adequate.
Step 6: From Table 4, a 5-A or more Schottky diode must be selected. For surface mount diodes with a margin
of safety on the voltage rating one of two diodes can be used:
• MBRD1545CT
• 6TQ045S
Step 7: A 0.01-μF capacitor is used for CBOOST.
The soft-start pin is left open circuited.
Step 8: Determine a value for RADJ with Equation 8 to provide a peak switch current limit of at least 3.5 A plus
50% or 5.25 A.
(8)
Use a value of 7.15 kΩ.
8.2.3.1.1 Capacitor Selection
Table 9. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Surface Mount (1) (2)
SURFACE MOUNT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.21 to 2.5
2.5 to 3.75
3.75 to 5
5 to 6.25
6.25 to 7.5
7.5 to 10
10 to 12.5
(1)
(2)
(3)
INDUCTANCE (µH)
AVX TPS SERIES
SPRAGUE 594D SERIES
KEMET T495 SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
(3)
7
C1
6
C2
7
C3
47 (3)
5
C1
4
C2
5
C3
33 (3)
4
C1
3
C2
4
C3
(3)
33
47
3
C1
2
C2
3
C3
22
4
C1
3
C2
4
C3
33
3
C1
2
C2
3
C3
47
2
C1
2
C2
2
C3
22
3
C2
3
C3
3
C4
33
2
C2
2
C3
2
C4
47
2
C2
2
C3
2
C4
68
1
C2
1
C3
1
C4
22
3
C2
1
C4
3
C4
33
2
C2
1
C3
2
C4
47
1
C3
1
C4
1
C6
68
1
C2
1
C3
1
C4
33
2
C5
1
C6
2
C8
47
1
C5
1
C6
2
C8
68
1
C5
1
C6
1
C8
100
1
C4
1
C5
1
C8
33
1
C5
1
C6
2
C8
47
1
C5
1
C6
2
C8
68
1
C5
1
C6
1
C8
100
1
C5
1
C6
1
C8
No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.
C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
Set to a higher value for a practical design solution.
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Table 9. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Surface Mount(1)(2) (continued)
SURFACE MOUNT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INDUCTANCE (µH)
12.5 to 15
AVX TPS SERIES
SPRAGUE 594D SERIES
KEMET T495 SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
33
1
C6
1
C8
1
C8
47
1
C6
1
C8
1
C8
C8
68
1
C6
1
C8
1
100
1
C6
1
C8
1
C8
33
1
C8
1
C10
2
C10
47
1
C8
1
C9
2
C10
68
1
C8
1
C9
2
C10
100
1
C8
1
C9
1
C10
33
2
C9
2
C11
2
C11
47
1
C10
1
C12
1
C11
68
1
C9
1
C12
1
C11
100
1
C9
1
C12
1
C11
10
4
C13
8
C12
15
3
C13
5
C12
22
2
C13
4
C12
15 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 37
No values available
33
1
C13
3
C12
47
1
C13
2
C12
68
1
C13
2
C12
Table 10. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Through Hole (1) (2)
THROUGH HOLE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(V)
1.21 to 2.5
2.5 to 3.75
3.75 to 5
5 to 6.25
6.25 to 7.5
7.5 to 10
(1)
(2)
(3)
24
INDUCTANCE (µH)
SANYO OS-CON
SA SERIES
SANYO MV-GX
SERIES
NICHICON PL
SERIES
PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
(3)
2
C3
5
C1
5
C3
3
C
47 (3)
2
C2
4
C1
3
C3
2
C5
33 (3)
1
C3
3
C1
3
C1
2
C5
47 (3)
1
C2
2
C1
2
C3
1
C5
22
1
C3
3
C1
3
C1
2
C5
33
1
C2
2
C1
2
C1
1
C5
47
1
C2
2
C1
1
C3
1
C5
22
1
C5
2
C6
2
C3
2
C5
33
1
C4
1
C6
2
C1
1
C5
47
1
C4
1
C6
1
C3
1
C5
68
1
C4
1
C6
1
C1
1
C5
22
1
C5
1
C6
2
C1
1
C5
33
1
C4
1
C6
1
C3
1
C5
47
1
C4
1
C6
1
C1
1
C5
68
1
C4
1
C2
1
C1
1
C5
33
1
C7
1
C6
1
C14
1
C5
47
1
C7
1
C6
1
C14
1
C5
68
1
C7
1
C2
1
C14
1
C2
100
1
C7
1
C2
1
C14
1
C2
33
C CODE
No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.
C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
Set to a higher value for a practical design solution.
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Table 10. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Through Hole(1)(2) (continued)
THROUGH HOLE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(V)
10 to 12.5
12.5 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 37
INDUCTANCE (µH)
SANYO OS-CON
SA SERIES
SANYO MV-GX
SERIES
NICHICON PL
SERIES
PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
NO.
C CODE
33
1
C7
1
C6
1
C14
1
C5
47
1
C7
1
C2
1
C14
1
C5
68
1
C7
1
C2
1
C9
1
C2
100
1
C7
1
C2
1
C9
1
C2
33
1
C9
1
C10
1
C15
1
C2
47
1
C9
1
C10
1
C15
1
C2
68
1
C9
1
C10
1
C15
1
C2
100
1
C9
1
C10
1
C15
1
C2
33
1
C10
1
C7
1
C15
1
C2
47
1
C10
1
C7
1
C15
1
C2
68
1
C10
1
C7
1
C15
1
C2
100
1
C10
1
C7
1
C15
1
C2
33
1
C7
1
C16
1
C2
47
1
C7
1
C16
1
C2
C2
68
No values available
1
C7
1
C16
1
100
1
C7
1
C16
1
C2
10
1
C12
1
C20
1
C10
15
1
C11
1
C20
1
C11
1
C11
1
C20
1
C10
1
C11
1
C20
1
C10
47
1
C11
1
C20
1
C10
68
1
C11
1
C20
1
C10
22
33
No values available
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
The LM2679 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply up to 40 V. This input supply must be well
regulated and able to withstand maximum input current and maintain a stable voltage.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
Board layout is critical for the proper operation of switching power supplies. First, the ground plane area must be
sufficient for thermal dissipation purposes. Second, appropriate guidelines must be followed to reduce the effects
of switching noise. Switch mode converters are very fast switching devices. In such cases, the rapid increase of
input current combined with the parasitic trace inductance generates unwanted L di/dt noise spikes. The
magnitude of this noise tends to increase as the output current increases. This noise may turn into
electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can also cause problems in device performance. Therefore, take care in
layout to minimize the effect of this switching noise. The most important layout rule is to keep the AC current
loops as small as possible. Figure 20 shows the current flow in a buck converter. The top schematic shows a
dotted line which represents the current flow during the top switch on-state. The middle schematic shows the
current flow during the top switch off-state. The bottom schematic shows the currents referred to as ac currents.
These ac currents are the most critical because they are changing in a very short time period. The dotted lines of
the bottom schematic are the traces to keep as short and wide as possible. This also yields a small loop area
reducing the loop inductance. To avoid functional problems due to layout, review the PCB layout example. Best
results are achieved if the placement of the LM2679 device, the bypass capacitor, the Schottky diode, RFBB,
RFBT, and the inductor are placed as shown in the example. Note that, in the layout shown, R1 = RFBB and
R2 = RFBT. TI also recommends using 2-oz. copper boards or heavier to help thermal dissipation and to reduce
the parasitic inductances of board traces. See AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER® PCB Layout Guidelines for more
information.
Figure 20. Buck Converter Current Flow
26
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10.2 Layout Example
Figure 21. Top Layer Foil Pattern of Printed-Circuit Board
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following:
• AN-1187 Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP) (SNOA401)
• AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER® PCB Layout Guidelines (SNVA054)
11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
11.3 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.4 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
SIMPLE SWITCHER is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
12.1 VSON Package Devices
The LM2679 is offered in the 14-lead VSON surface mount package to allow for a significantly decreased
footprint with equivalent power dissipation compared to the DDPAK.
The Die Attach Pad (DAP) can and must be connected to PCB Ground plane or island. For CAD and assembly
guidelines, refer to AN-1187 Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP).
28
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Product Folder Links: LM2679
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
7-Oct-2021
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
LM2679S-12/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
45
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-12
LM2679S-3.3
NRND
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
45
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-3-235C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-3.3
LM2679S-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
45
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-3.3
LM2679S-5.0
NRND
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
45
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-3-235C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-5.0
LM2679S-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
45
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-5.0
LM2679S-ADJ
NRND
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
45
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-3-235C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-ADJ
LM2679S-ADJ/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
45
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-ADJ
LM2679SD-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
VSON
NHM
14
250
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
S0003HB
LM2679SD-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
VSON
NHM
14
250
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
S0003JB
LM2679SD-ADJ/NOPB
ACTIVE
VSON
NHM
14
250
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
S0003KB
LM2679SDX-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
VSON
NHM
14
2500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
S0003HB
LM2679SDX-ADJ/NOPB
ACTIVE
VSON
NHM
14
2500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
S0003KB
LM2679SX-12/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-12
LM2679SX-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-3.3
LM2679SX-5.0
NRND
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-3-235C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-5.0
LM2679SX-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-5.0
LM2679SX-ADJ
NRND
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-3-235C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-ADJ
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
Orderable Device
7-Oct-2021
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
LM2679SX-ADJ/NOPB
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
RoHS-Exempt
& Green
SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2679
S-ADJ
LM2679T-12/NOPB
ACTIVE
TO-220
NDZ
7
45
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-NA-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LM2679
T-12
LM2679T-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
TO-220
NDZ
7
45
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-NA-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LM2679
T-3.3
LM2679T-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
TO-220
NDZ
7
45
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-NA-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LM2679
T-5.0
LM2679T-ADJ/NOPB
ACTIVE
TO-220
NDZ
7
45
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-NA-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LM2679
T-ADJ
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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