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LM4680
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LM4680
10W High-Efficiency Mono BTL Audio Power
Amplifier
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FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
1
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
Soft-Start Circuitry Eliminates Noise During
Turn-On Transition
Low Current Shutdown Mode
Low Quiescent Current
6W BTL Output, RL = 8Ω, THD+N = 1%
Short Circuit Protection
Fixed, Internally Set Gain of 30dB
Internal Clamp Diodes Protect Amplifier
Outputs
KEY SPECIFICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
Power Output BTL (VDD = 14V, fIN = 1kHz,
THD+N = 10%, RL = 8Ω): 10W (typ)
Quiescent Power Supply Current: 25mA (typ)
Efficiency (VDD = 12V, fIN = 1kHz, RL = 8Ω, POUT
= 6W): 81% (typ)
Shutdown Current: 0.1mA (typ)
Fixed Gain: 30dB (typ)
Flat Panel Monitors
Flat Panel TVs
Computer Sound Cards
DESCRIPTION
The LM4680 is a high efficiency switching audio
power amplifier primarily designed for demanding
applications in flat panel monitors and TV’s. It is
capable of delivering 10W to an 8Ω mono BTL load
with less than 10% distortion (THD+N) when powered
from a 14VDC power supply.
Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed
specifically to provide high quality output power with a
minimal amount of external components. The
LM4680 features a micro-power, active-low shutdown
mode, an internal thermal shutdown protection
mechanism, output fault detect, and short circuit
protection.
The LM4680 contains advanced transient (“pop and
click”) suppression circuitry that eliminates noises that
would otherwise occur during turn-on and turn-off
transitions.
Connection Diagram
BYPASS-2
1
14
NC
IN
2
13
NC
S-VDD
3
12
OUT_1
NC
4
11
P-GND
SHUTDOWN
5
10
P-VDD
BYPASS-1
6
9
OUT_2
S-GND
7
8
NC
Figure 1. Top View
14-Pin VSSOP
See NHM0014A Package
1
2
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
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Typical Application
VDD
VDD
C2
0.1 PF
C3
10 PF
C4
0.1 PF
3
S-VDD
C1
1.0 PF
IN
C9
1.0 PF
10
P-VDD
P-VDD P-GND
CORRECTION
VOLTAGE
2 IN
ACTIVE
CLAMP
-
7
AMP3
AMP1
1 BYPASS_2
+
S-GND
-
OUT_1
ACTIVE
CLAMP
9
AMP4
OUT_2
+
4
C5
0.27 PF
P-VDD P-GND
PWM
MODULATOR
AND
PROTECTION
LOGIC
AMP2
SHUTDOWN 5
12
L1
27 PH
C7
0.27 PF
L2
27 PH
8:
C8
0.27 PF
VDD/2
CORRECTION
VOLTAGE
NC
8
NC
13 NC
14 NC
P-GND
BYPASS_1
C10
10 PF
6
11
Figure 2. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
LM4680SD Demo Board Bill of Material
2
Item
Part Description
Package Size
Qty
Ref Designator
1
LM4680SD Audio Amplifier
LLP14
1
U1
Remark
Supplier
2
Cer Cap 0.1μF 16V 10%
0805
1
3
Cer Cap 0.27μF 16V 10%
0805
3
C4
PCC1812CT-ND
Digi - Key
C5, C7, C8
PCC1916CT-ND
Digi - Key
4
Cer Cap 1.0μF 25V 10%
0805
2
C1 - C2
PCC2319CT-ND
Digi - Key
5
Tant Cap 1.0μF 16V 10%
Size = A (3216)
2
C9
399-1583-2-ND
Digi - Key
6
Tant Cap 10.0μF 16V 10%
Size = A (3216)
2
C10
478-1655-2-ND
Digi - Key
7
Tant Cap 10.0μF 16V 10%
Size = A (3216)
1
C3
478-1655-2-ND
Digi - Key
8
Inductor 4922 Series 27μH SMT
2
L1, L2
DN2218CT-ND
Digi - Key
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These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2)
Supply Voltage
16V
−65°C to +150°C
Storage Temperature
−0.3V to VDD +0.3V
Input Voltage
(3)
Internally limited
ESD Susceptibility (4)
2000V
ESD Susceptibility (5)
200V
Power Dissipation
Junction Temperature
Thermal Resistance
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
150°C
θJC
2°C/W
θJA
40°C/W
All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin unless otherwise specified.
Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for
which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical
specifications under particular test conditions which specify performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating
Ratings. Specifications are not ensured for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device
performance.
The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJA, and the ambient temperature
TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX − TA)/θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings,
whichever is lower. For the LM4680 typical application (shown in Figure 2) with VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω stereo operation, the total power
dissipation is 900mW. θJA = 40°C/W
Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor.
Machine model, 220pF – 240pF discharged through all pins.
Operating Ratings
Temperature Range
TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX
Supply Voltage
(1)
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C
(1)
9.0V ≤ VDD ≤ 14V
Please refer to Under Voltage Protection under General Features.
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Electrical Characteristics for the LM4680 (1)
The following specifications apply for the circuit shown in Figure 2 operating with VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, and fIN = 1kHz,
unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25°C.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
LM4680
Typical (2)
Limit (3) (4)
52
Units
(Limits)
IDD
Quiescent Power Supply Current
VIN = 0V, IO = 0A, RL = 8Ω
28
ISD
Shutdown Current
VSHUTDOWN = GND (5)
0.1
mA
AV
Amplifier Gain
BTL output voltage with respect to input voltage
30
PO
Output Power
THD+N = 1% (max)
THD+N = 10%, VDD = 14V
6
10
THD+N
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise
POUT = 1WRMS
0.2
%
fBW
Frequency Response Bandwidth
POUT = 6W, post filter,
-3dB relative to 1kHz
20
20000
Hz
Hz
η
Efficiency
POUT = 6W
81
%
éN
Output Noise
A-Weighted Filter, VIN = 0V,
Input Referred
10
µV
SNR
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
A-Weighted Filter, POUT = 6W
Input Referred
116
dB
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VRIPPLE = 200mVp-p, CBYPASS_1 = 10µF,
Input Referred
f = 50Hz
f = 60Hz
f = 100Hz
f = 120Hz
f = 1kHz
99
101
102
102
104
CBYPASS = 10µF
600
ms
170
°C
°C
mA
dB
5
W
dB
tWU
Wake-Up time
TSD
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
VSDIH
Shutdown Voltage Input High
4
V (min)
VSDIL
Shutdown Voltage Input Low
1.5
V (max)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
4
All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin unless otherwise specified.
Typicals are measured at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.
Limits are ensured to AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Data sheets min and max specification limits are specified by design, test, or statistical analysis.
Shutdown current is measured in a normal room environment. The SHUTDOWN pin should be driven as close as possible to GND for
minimum shutdown current.
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Typical Performance Characteristics
THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 1W
10
10
5
5
2
2
THD + N(%)
THD + N(%)
THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 9V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 1W
1
0.5
0.2
1
0.5
0.2
0.1
20
50 100 200 500 1k 2k
0.1
20
5k 10k 20k
50 100 200 500 1k 2k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
5k 10k 20k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 14V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 1W
THD+N vs Output Power
RL = 8Ω, VDD = 9V, f = 1kHz
10
10
5
5
1
2
THD + N(%)
THD + N(%)
2
1
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.2
0.02
0.1
20
50 100 200 500 1k 2k
0.01
10m
5k 10k 20k
50m
200m 500m 1
20m
100m
FREQUENCY (Hz)
5
10
OUTPUT POWER (W)
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
THD+N vs Output Power
RL = 8Ω, VDD = 12V, f = 1kHz
THD+N vs Output Power
RL = 8Ω, VDD = 14V, f = 1kHz
10
10
5
5
2
2
1
THD + N(%)
1
THD + N(%)
2
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
10m
0.01
20m
50m
200m 500m 1
20m
100m
2
5
10
100m
500m 1
50m
200m
2
5
10 20
OUTPUT POWER (W)
OUTPUT POWER (W)
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
Amplifier Output Power vs Power Supply Voltage
RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
Amplifier Output Magnitude vs Frequency
RL = 8Ω, VDD = 12V
10
10
OUTPUT MAGNITUDE (dB)
AMPLIFIER OUTPUT POWER (W)
8
THD+N = 10%
8
6
4
THD+N = 1%
2
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
0
+9
_
-10
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
20
5k 10k 20k
FREQUENCY RESPONSE (Hz)
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Power Rejection Ratio vs Frequency
VDD = 9V, RL = 8Ω, Input Referred
Power Rejection Ratio vs Frequency
VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, Input Referred
100
100
80
80
PSRR (dB)
PSRR (dB)
50 100 200 500 1k 2k
60
40
60
40
20
20
0
0
10
100
1k
10k
10
100k
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Power Rejection Ratio vs Frequency
VDD = 14V, RL = 8Ω, Input Referred
Amplifier Power Dissipation vs Amplifier Load Dissipation
VDD = 14V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
3
AMPLIFIER POWER DISSIPATION (W)
100
PSRR (dB)
80
60
40
20
0
10
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
THD + N = 1%
2_
THD + N = 10%
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
AMPLIFIER LOAD DISSIPATION (W)
Figure 13.
6
2.5
Figure 14.
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
Amplifier Power Dissipation vs Load Power Dissipation
VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
Amplifier Power Dissipation vs Total Load Power
Dissipation
VDD = 9V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz
1.2
2
THD + N = 1%
1.5
THD + N = 10%
1
0.5
AMPLIFIER POWER DISSIPATION (W)
AMPLIFIER POWER DISSIPATION (W)
2.5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
THD + N = 1%
0.8
0.6
THD + N = 10%
0.4
0.2
0_
0_
8
2
2.5
_
3
3.5
4_
Figure 16.
Output Power vs Load Resistance
VDD = 14V, f = 1kHz
Output Power vs Load Resistance
VDD = 12V, f = 1kHz
8
7
OUTPUT POWER (W)
8
THD+N = 10%
6
4
6
5
THD+N = 10%
4
3
2
THD+N = 1%
2_
THD+N = 1%
1
0
8_
12
16
_
20
24
_
28
_
0
32
_
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
LOAD RESISTANCE (:)
LOAD RESISTANCE (:)
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Output Power vs Load Resistance
VDD = 9V, f = 1kHz
Power Supply Current vs Power Supply Voltage
VIN = 0V, RL = 8Ω
4
31
3.5
30
POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT POWER (W)
1.5
_
Figure 15.
10
OUTPUT POWER (W)
1_
TOTAL LOAD DISSIPATION (W)
TOTAL LOAD DISSIPATION (W)
12
_
0.5
_
3
THD+N = 10%
2.5
2
1.5
1
THD+N = 1%
29
28
27
26
25
24
0.5
23
0
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
LOAD RESISTANCE (:)
9
10
11
12
13
_
14
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature
3_
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0_
0_
20
_
40
_
60
_
80
_
100 120
160
140
_ _
_
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 21.
8
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GENERAL FEATURES
SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION
Modulation Technique
Unlike typical Class D amplifiers that use single-ended comparators to generate a pulse-width modulated
switching waveform and RC timing circuits to set the switching frequency, the LM4680 uses a balanced
differential floating modulator. Oscillation is a result of injecting complimentary currents onto the respective plates
of a floating, on-die capacitor. The value of the floating capacitor and value of the components in the modulator’s
feedback network and sets the nominal switching frequency at 450kHz. Modulation results from imbalances in
the injected currents. The amount of current imbalance is directly proportional to the applied input signal’s
magnitude and frequency.
Using a balanced, floating modulator produces a Class D amplifier that is immune to common mode noise
sources such as substrate noise. This noise occurs because of the high frequency, high current switching in the
amplifier’s output stage. The LM4680 is immune to this type of noise because the modulator, the components
that set its switching frequency, and even the load all float with respect to ground.
The balanced modulator’s pulse width modulated output drives the gates of the LM4680’s H-bridge configured
output power MOSFETs. The pulse-train present at the power MOSFETs’ output is applied to an LC low pass
filter that removes the 450kHz energy component. The filter’s output signal, which is applied to the driven load, is
an amplified replica of the audio input signal.
Shutdown Function
The LM4680’s active-low shutdown function allows the user to place the amplifier in a shutdown mode while the
system power supply remains active. Activating shutdown deactivates the output switching waveform and
minimizes the quiescent current. Applying logic 0 (GND) to pin 8 enables the shutdown function. Applying logic 1
(4V ≤ VLOGIC ≤ VDD) to pin 8 disables the shutdown function and restores full amplifier operation.
Under Voltage Proctection
The under voltage protection disables the output driver section of the LM4680 while the supply voltage is below
8V. This condition may occur as power is first applied or during low line conditions, changes in load resistance,
or when power supply sag occurs. The under voltage protection ensures that all of the LM4680’s power
MOSFETs are off. This action eliminates shoot-through current and minimizes output transients during turn-on
and turn-off. The under voltage protection gives the digital logic time to stabilize into known states, further
minimizing turn output transients.
Turn-On Time
The LM4680 has an internal timer that determines the amplifier’s turn-on time. After power is first applied or the
part returns from shutdown, the nominal turn-on time is 600ms. This delay allows all externally applied capacitors
to charge to a final value of VDD/2. Further, during turn-on, the outputs are muted. This minimizes output
transients that may occur while the part settles into is quiescent operating mode.
Output Stage Current Limit and Fault Detection Protection
The output stage MOSFETs are protected against output conditions that could otherwise compromise their
operational status. The first stage of protection is output current limiting. When conditions that require high
currents to drive a load, the LM4680’s current limit circuitry clamps the output current at a nominal value of 2.5A.
The output waveform is present, but may be clipped or its amplitude reduced. The same 2.5A nominal current
limit also occurs if the amplifier outputs are shorted together or either output is shorted to VDD or GND.
The second stage of protection is an onboard fault detection circuit that continuously monitors the signal on each
output MOSFET’s gate and compares it against the respective drain voltage. When a condition is detected that
violates a MOSFET’s Safe Operating Area (SOA) and the drive signal is disconnected from the output
MOSFETs’ gates. The fault detect circuit maintains this protective condition for approximately 600ms, at which
time the drive signal is reconnected. If the fault condition is no longer present, normal operation resumes. If the
fault condition remains, however, the drive signal is again disconnected.
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Thermal Protection
The LM4680 has thermal shutdown circuitry that monitors the die temperature. Once the LM4680 die
temperature reaches 170°C, the LM4680 disables the output switching waveform and remains disabled until the
die temperature falls below 140°C (typ).
Over-Modulation Protection
The LM4680’s over-modulation protection is a result of the preamplifier’s (AMP1 and AMP2, Figure 2) inability to
produce signal magnitudes that equal the power supply voltages. Since the preamplifier’s output magnitude will
always be less than the supply voltage, the duty cycle of the amplifier’s switching output will never reach zero.
Peak modulation is limited to a nominal 95%.
10
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
SUPPLY BYPASSING
Correct power supply bypassing has two important goals. The first is to reduce noise on the power supply lines
and minimize deleterious effects that the noise may cause to the amplifier’s operation. The second is to help
stabilize an unregulated power supply and to improve the supply’s transient response under heavy current
demands. These two goals require different capacitor value ranges. Therefore, various types and values are
recommended for supply bypassing. For noise de-coupling, generally small ceramic capacitors (0.01µF to 0.1µF)
are recommended. Larger value (1µF to 10µF) tantalum capacitors are needed for the transient current
demands. These two capacitors in parallel will do an adequate job of removing most noise from the supply rails
and providing the necessary transient current. These capacitors should be placed as close as possible to each
IC’s supply pin(s) using leads as short as possible.
The LM4680 has two VDD pins: a power VDD (PVDD) and a signal VDD (SVDD). The parallel combination of the low
value ceramic (0.1µF) and high value tantalum (10µF) should be used to bypass the PVDD pin. A small value
(0.1µF) ceramic or tantalum can be used to bypass the SVDD pin.
OUTPUT STAGE FILTERING
The LM4680 requires a low pass filter connected between the amplifier’s bridge output and the load. Figure 2
shows the recommended LC filter. A minimum value of 27µH is recommended. As shown in Figure 2, using the
values of the components connected between the amplifier BTL outputs and the load achieves a 2nd-order
lowpass filter response with a -3dB cutoff frequency of 25kHz.
THD+N MEASUREMENTS AND OUT OF AUDIO BAND NOISE
THD+N (Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise) is a very important parameter by which all audio amplifiers are
measured. Often it is shown as a graph where either the output power or frequency is changed over the
operating range. A very important variable in the measurement of THD+N is the bandwidth-limiting filter at the
input of the test equipment. Class D amplifiers, by design, switch their output power devices at a much higher
frequency than the accepted audio range (20Hz - 20kHz). Alternately switching the output voltage between VDD
and GND allows the LM4680 to operate at much higher efficiency than that achieved by traditional Class AB
amplifiers. Switching the outputs at high frequency also increases the out-of-band noise. Under normal
circumstances the output lowpass filter significantly reduces this out-of-band noise. If the low pass filter is not
optimized for a given switching frequency, there can be significant increase in out-of-band noise. THD+N
measurements can be significantly affected by out-of-band noise, resulting in a higher than expected THD+N
measurement. To achieve a more accurate measurement of THD, the test equipment’s input bandwidth of the
must be limited. Some common upper filter points are 22kHz, 30kHz, and 80kHz. The input filter limits the noise
component of the THD+N measurement to a smaller bandwidth resulting in a more real-world THD+N value.
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Recommended Printed Circuit Board Layout
Figure 22, Figure 23, and Figure 24 show the recommended two-layer PC board layout that is optimized for the
14-pin NHM0014A packaged LM4680 and associated external components. This circuit is designed for use with
an external 12V supply and 8W speakers (or load resistors). This circuit board is easy to use. Apply 12V and
ground to the board’s VDD and GND terminals, respectively. Connect speakers (or load resistors) between the
board’s -OUT and +OUT terminals. Apply the input signal to the input pin labeled -IN.
Demonstration Board Layout
Figure 22. Recommended SD PCB Layout
Top Silkscreen
Figure 23. Recommended SD PCB Layout
Top Layer
12
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Figure 24. Recommended SD PCB Layout
Bottom Layer
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REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Original (April 2013) to Revision A
•
14
Page
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 13
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