PTN78000AAZT

PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 1.5-A, WIDE-INPUT ADJUSTABLE BUCK-BOOST SWITCHING REGULATOR FEATURES • • • • • • • • APPLICATIONS 1.5-A Output Current Wide-Input Voltage (7 V to 29 V) Wide-Output Voltage Adjust (–15 V to –3 V) High Efficiency (Up to 84%) Output Current Limit Overtemperature Shutdown Operating Temperature: –40°C to 85°C Surface-Mount Package Available • General-Purpose, Industrial Controls, HVAC Systems, Test and Measurement, Medical Instrumentation, AC/DC Adaptors, Vehicles, Marine, and Avionics DESCRIPTION The PTN78000A is a series of high-efficiency, buck-boost integrated switching regulators (ISR), that represent the third generation in the evolution of the PT78NR100 series of products. In new designs, it should be considered in place of the PT78NR100 series of single in-line pin (SIP) products. The PTN78000A is smaller and lighter than its predecessor, and has either similar or improved electrical performance characteristics. The caseless, double-sided package also exhibits improved thermal characteristics, and is compatible with TI's roadmap for RoHS and lead-free compliance. Operating from a wide-input voltage range, the PTN78000A provides high-efficiency, positive-to-negative voltage conversion for loads of up to 1.5 A. The output voltage is set using a single external resistor, and may be set to any value within the range, –15 V to –3 V. The PTN78000A has undervoltage lockout, and is suited to a wide variety of general-purpose applications that operate off 12-V, 24-V, or tightly regulated 28-V dc power. STANDARD APPLICATION VI 1 2 PTN78000A (Top View) 3 C1* 100 mF Electrolytic (Required) GND 5 C2* 2 x 4.7 mF Ceramic (Required) + 4 C3* 100 mF Electrolytic (Required) RSET# 1 %, 0.05 W (Required) VO GND *See the Application Information for capacitor recommendation. #RSET is required to adjust the output voltage lower than -3 V. See the Application Information for values. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2005–2006, Texas Instruments Incorporated PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. ORDERING INFORMATION PTN78000A (Basic Model) Description Pb – free and RoHS Compatible Package Designator PTN78000AAH Horizontal T/H Yes EUS PTN78000AAS (1) (2) Horizontal SMD No EUT Horizontal SMD Yes EUT Output Voltage Part Number –15 V to –3 V (1) (3) PTN78000AAZ (1) (2) (3) Add a T suffix for tape and reel option on SMD packages. Standard option specifies Sn/Pb solder ball material. Lead (Pb) - free option specifies Sn/Ag solder ball material. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted all voltages with respect to GND (pin 1), PTN78000A UNIT TA Over VI range Wave solder temperature Surface temperature of module body or pins (5 seconds) Solder reflow temperature Surface temperature of module body or pins –40 to 85 Horizontal SMD (suffix AH) 260 Horizontal SMD (suffix AS) 235 Horizontal SMD (suffix AZ) 260 Storage temperature Tstg (1) Operating free-air temperature °C –40 to 125 Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS VI Input voltage TA Operating free-air temperature PO Output power MIN MAX UNIT 7 32 – |VO| V –40 85 °C 9 W PACKAGE SPECIFICATIONS PTN78000A (Suffix AH, AS, and AZ) Weight 2 grams Flammability Meets UL 94 V-O Mechanical shock Per Mil-STD-883D, Method 2002.3, 1 ms, ½ sine, mounted Mechanical vibration Mil-STD-883D, Method 2007.2, 20-2000 Hz (1) 2 Qualification limit. 500 G (1) Horizontal T/H (suffix AH) 20 G (1) Horizontal SMD (suffix AS & AZ) 15 G (1) PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS operating at 25°C free-air temperature, VI = 12 V, VO = –5 V, IO = IO (max), C1 = 100 μF, C2 = 2x 4.7 μF, C3 = 100 μF (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER IO Output current VI Input voltage range VO VO Adj TEST CONDITIONS TA = 85°C, natural convection airflow Over IO range IO (LIM) TYP 0.6 VO = –12 V 0.1 0.75 (1) VO = –5 V 0.1 1.5 (1) VO = –3.3 V 0.1 1.5 (1) VO = –15 V 7 17 (2) VO = –12 V 7 20 (2) VO = –5 V 7 27 (2) VO = –3.3 V 7 28.7 (2) ±2% (3) TA = 25°C Temperature variation –40°C to 85°C ±0.5% Line regulation Over VI range ±10 Load regulation Over IO range ±10 Total output voltage variation Includes set point, line, load –40 < TA < 85°C 7 V ≤ VI ≤ (32 – |VO|) V 20-MHz bandwidth Current limit threshold ΔVO = –50 mV –15 83% VI = 12 V, RSET = 2 kΩ, VO = –12 V 84% VI = 12 V, RSET = 28.7 kΩ, VO = –5 V 82% VI = 12 V, RSET = 221 kΩ, VO = –3.3 V 77% A V mV (3) –3 VI = 12 V, RSET = 100 Ω, VO = –15 V UNIT (1) mV ±3% Output voltage adjust range Output voltage ripple MAX 0.1 Set-point voltage tolerance Efficiency η MIN VO = –15 V V V(PP) 2% VO 3.2 A 1 A/μs load step from 50% to 100% IOmax Transient response FS Switching frequency Over VI and IO ranges UVLO Undervoltage lockout VI increasing CI External input capacitance External output capacitance CO MTBF (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Calculated reliability Recovery time 200 VO over/undershoot 1 440 660 5.5 Ceramic 9.4 (4) Nonceramic 100 (4) Ceramic Nonceramic 100 (5) Equivalent series resistance (nonceramic) 14 (6) Per Telcordia SR-332, 50% stress, TA = 40°C, ground benign 550 μs %VO 8.9 kHz V μF μF 200 μF 1,000 μF mΩ 106 Hrs The maximum output current is 1.5 A or the maximum output power is 9 W, whichever is less. The maximum input voltage is limited and defined to be (32 – |VO|) volts. The set-point voltage tolerance is affected by the tolerance and stability of RSET. The stated limit is unconditionally met if RSET has a tolerance of 1% with 100 ppm/°C or better temperature stability. A 100-μF electrolytic capacitor and two 4.7-μF ceramic capacitors are required across the input (VI and GND) for proper operation. Locate the ceramic capacitance close to the module. 100 μF of output capacitance is required for proper operation. See the application information for further guidance. This is the typical ESR for all the electrolytic (nonceramic) capacitance. Use 17 mΩ as the minimum when using maximum ESR values to calculate. 3 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 PIN ASSIGNMENT 1 2 5 PTN78000A (Top View) 4 3 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O 1 O VI 2 I N/C 3 VO Adjust 4 I GND 5 I/O VO 4 DESCRIPTION The negative output voltage power node with respect to the GND node. It is also the reference for the VO Adjust control inputs. The positive input voltage power node to the module, which is referenced to common GND. This pin is active and must be isolated from any electrical connection. A 1% resistor must be connected between pin 1 and pin 4 to set the output voltage of the module lower than –3 V. If left open-circuit, the output voltage defaults to –3 V. The temperature stability of the resistor should be 100 ppm/°C (or better). The set-point range is –15 V to –3 V. The standard resistor value for a number of common output voltages is provided in the application information. The common ground connection for the VI and VO power connections. PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (7-V INPUT) (1) (2) EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 75 VO = -12 V 70 65 VO = -15 V 60 VO = -5 V VO = -3 V 55 50 45 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 VO = -12 V 120 VO = -15 V 100 80 60 40 VO = -5 V 20 VO = -3 V 0 0 1.5 1 VO = -5 V 0.5 VO = -3 V 0 1.2 0 1.5 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 Figure 2. Figure 3. TEMPERATURE DERATING vs OUTPUT CURRENT TEMPERATURE DERATING vs OUTPUT CURRENT TEMPERATURE DERATING vs OUTPUT CURRENT 90 90 Ambient Temperature - oC Ambient Temperature - oC 1.5 Figure 1. 80 200 LFM 70 60 100 LFM Nat conv 50 40 VO = -5 V 30 80 200 LFM 70 100 LFM 60 Nat conv 50 40 VO = -12 V 30 0 0.5 1 IO - Output Current - A Figure 4. (2) 0.9 VO = -15 V IO - Output Current - A 90 (1) 0.6 VO = -12 V 2 IO - Output Current - A IO - Output Current - A 20 0.3 1.5 Ambient Temperature - oC Efficiency - % 80 2.5 140 PD - Power Dissipation - W VO - Output Voltage Ripple - mVPP 90 85 POWER DISSIPATION vs OUTPUT CURRENT 80 200 LFM 70 100 LFM 60 Nat conv 50 40 VO = -15 V 30 20 20 0 0.25 0.5 IO - Output Current - A Figure 5. 0.75 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 IO - Output Current - A Figure 6. The electrical characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25°C. This data is considered typical for the converter. Applies to Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3. The temperature derating curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to modules soldered directly to a 100 mm x 100 mm, double-sided PCB with 2 oz. copper. For surface mount packages, multiple vias (plated through holes) are required to add thermal paths to the power pins. Please refer to the mechanical specification for more information. Applies toFigure 4 ,Figure 5 , and Figure 6. 5 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (12-V INPUT) (1) (2) OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 75 70 VO = -12 V 65 VO = -15 V 60 VO = -5 V 55 VO = -3 V 50 45 0 0.5 1 1.5 100 2 VO = -15 V 90 80 70 VO = -12 V 60 50 40 VO = -5 V 30 20 VO = -3 V 10 0 0 IO - Output Current - A VO = -5 V 0.6 0.4 VO = -3 V 0.2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 IO - Output Current - A TEMPERATURE DERATING vs OUTPUT CURRENT TEMPERATURE DERATING vs OUTPUT CURRENT TEMPERATURE DERATING vs OUTPUT CURRENT Ambient Temperature - oC Ambient Temperature - oC 1 0.8 Figure 9. 200 LFM 70 100 LFM 60 Nat conv 50 40 VO = -5 V and -3 V 0.5 90 80 200 LFM 70 100 LFM 60 Nat conv 50 40 VO = -12 V 30 20 1 IO - Output Current - A Figure 10. 6 1.2 Figure 8. 80 0 1.4 1.5 90 30 (2) 1 VO = -12 V Figure 7. 90 (1) 0.5 VO = -15 V 1.8 1.6 IO - Output Current - A 1.5 Ambient Temperature - oC Efficiency - % 80 POWER DISSIPATION vs OUTPUT CURRENT PD - Power Dissipation - W 90 85 VO - Output Voltage Ripple - mVPP EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 80 200 LFM 70 100 LFM 60 Nat conv 50 40 VO = -15 V 30 20 20 0 0.25 0.5 IO - Output Current - A Figure 11. 0.75 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 IO - Output Current - A Figure 12. The electrical characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25°C. This data is considered typical for the converter. Applies to Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9. The temperature derating curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to modules soldered directly to a 100-mm x 100-mm, double-sided PCB with 2 oz. copper. For surface mount packages, multiple vias (plated through holes) are required to add thermal paths to the power pins. Please refer to the mechanical specification for more information. Applies to Figure 10, Figure 11, and Figure 12. PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (24-V INPUT) (1) (2) EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 80 VO = -5 V Efficiency - % 75 70 65 VO = -3 V 60 55 50 45 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 70 2 1.8 60 VO = -5 V 50 PD - Power Dissipation - W VO - Output Voltage Ripple - mVPP 85 POWER DISSIPATION vs OUTPUT CURRENT 40 30 20 VO = -3 V 10 0 VO = -5 V 1.2 1 0.8 VO = -3 V 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 1.5 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.5 Figure 13. 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 IO - Output Current - A IO - Output Current - A IO - Output Current - A Figure 14. Figure 15. TEMPERATURE DERATING vs OUTPUT CURRENT Ambient Temperature - oC 90 80 70 200 LFM 100 LFM 60 Nat conv 50 40 VO = -5V and -3 V 30 20 0 0.5 1 IO - Output Current - A 1.5 Figure 16. (1) (2) The electrical characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25°C. This data is considered typical for the converter. Applies to Figure 13, Figure 14, and Figure 15. The temperature derating curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to modules soldered directly to a 100-mm x 100-mm, double-sided PCB with 2 oz. copper. For surface mount packages, multiple vias (plated through holes) are required to add thermal paths to the power pins. Please refer to the mechanical specification for more information. Applies to Figure 16. 7 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 APPLICATION INFORMATION Adjusting the Output Voltage of the PTN78000A Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules General A resistor must be connected directly between the VO Adjust control (pin 4) and the output voltage (pin 7) to set the output voltage lower than –3 V. The adjustment range is from –15 V to –3 V. If pin 4 is left open, the output voltage defaults to the highest value, –3 V. Table 1 gives the standard resistor value for a number of common voltages, and with the actual output voltage that the value produces. For other output voltages, the resistor value can either be calculated using the following formula, or simply selected from the range of values given in Table 2. Figure 17 shows the placement of the required resistor. RSET = 54.9 kW ´ 1.25 V |VO| - 3 V - 5.62 kW Input Voltage Considerations The PTN78000A is a buck-boost switching regulator. In order that the output remains in regulation, the input voltage must not exceed the output by a maximum differential voltage. For satisfactory performance, the maximum operating input voltage is (32 - |VO|) volts. As an example, Table 1 gives the operating input voltage range for the common output bus voltages. In addition, the Electrical Characteristics define the available output voltage adjust range for various input voltages. Table 1. Standard Values of Rset for Common Output Voltages VO (Required) RSET (Standard Value) VO (Actual) Operating VI Range –15 V 100 Ω –14.997 V 9 V to 17 V –12 V 2 kΩ –12.006 V 9 V to 20 V –5 V 28.7 kΩ –5.000 V 9 V to 27 V –3.3 V 221 kΩ –3.303 V 9 V to 28.7 V PTN78000A VI 2 VI GND Adj VO 4 1 + C1 C2 GND 5 RSET 0.05 W 1% + C3 VO GND (1) A 0.05-W rated resistor may be used. The tolerance should be 1%, with a temperature stability of 100 ppm/°C (or better). Place the resistor as close to the regulator as possible. Connect the resistor directly between pins 4 and 1 using dedicated PCB traces. (2) Never connect capacitors from VO Adjust to either GND or VO. Any capacitance added to the VO Adjust pin affects the stability of the regulator. Figure 17. VO Adjust Resistor Placement 8 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 Table 2. Output Voltage Set-Point Resistor Values VO Required RSET VO Required RSET VO Required RSET –15.0 V 99 Ω –11.9 V 2.09 kΩ –8.8 V 6.21 kΩ –14.9 V 147 Ω –11.8 V 2.18 kΩ –8.6 V 6.63 kΩ –14.8 V 196 Ω –11.7 V 2.27 kΩ –8.4 V 7.09 kΩ –14.7 V 245 Ω –11.6 V 2.36 kΩ –8.2 V 7.58 kΩ –14.6 V 296 Ω –11.5 V 2.45 kΩ –8.0 V 8.11 kΩ –14.5 V 347 Ω –11.4 V 2.55 kΩ –7.8 V 8.68 kΩ –14.4 V 400 Ω –11.3 V 2.65 kΩ –7.6 V 9.30 kΩ –14.3 V 453 Ω –11.2 V 2.75 kΩ –7.4 V 9.98 kΩ –14.2 V 507 Ω –11.1 V 2.82 kΩ –7.2 V 10.7 kΩ –14.1 V 562 Ω –11.0 V 2.96 kΩ –7.0 V 11.5 kΩ –14.0 V 619 Ω –10.9 V 3.07 kΩ –6.8 V 12.4 kΩ –13.9 V 676 Ω –10.8 V 3.18 kΩ –6.6 V 13.4 kΩ –13.8 V 734 Ω –10.7 V 3.29 kΩ –6.4 V 14.6 kΩ –13.7 V 794 Ω –10.6 V 3.41 kΩ –6.2 V 15.8 kΩ –13.6 V 854 Ω –10.5 V 3.53 kΩ –6.0 V 17.3 kΩ –13.5 V 916 Ω –10.4 V 3.65 kΩ –5.8 V 18.9 kΩ –13.4 V 979 Ω –10.3 V 3.78 kΩ –5.6 V 20.7 kΩ –13.3 V 1.04 kΩ –10.2 V 3.91 kΩ –5.4 V 22.9 kΩ –13.2 V 1.11 kΩ –10.1 V 4.04 kΩ –5.2 V 25.6 kΩ –13.1 V 1.18 kΩ –10.0 V 4.18 kΩ –5.0 V 28.7 kΩ –13.0 V 1.24 kΩ –9.9 V 4.33 kΩ –4.8 V 32.5 kΩ –12.9 V 1.31 kΩ –9.8 V 4.47 kΩ –4.6 V 37.2 kΩ –12.8 V 1.38 kΩ –9.7 V 4.62 kΩ –4.4 V 43.4 kΩ –12.7 V 1.46 kΩ –9.6 V 4.78 kΩ –4.2 V 51.6 kΩ –12.6 V 1.52 kΩ –9.5 V 4.94 kΩ –4.0 V 63.0 kΩ –12.5 V 1.60 kΩ –9.4 V 5.10 kΩ –3.8 V 80.1 kΩ –12.4 V 1.68 kΩ –9.3 V 5.27 kΩ –3.6 V 109 kΩ –12.3 V 1.76 kΩ –9.2 V 5.45 kΩ –3.4 V 166 kΩ –12.2 V 1.84 kΩ –9.1 V 5.63 kΩ –3.2 V 338 kΩ –12.1 V 1.92 kΩ –9.0 V 5.82 kΩ –3.0 V OPEN –12.0 V 2.01 kΩ –8.9 V 6.01 kΩ 9 PTN78000A SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 www.ti.com CAPACITOR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PTN78000 WIDE-OUTPUT ADJUST POWER MODULES Input Capacitor The minimum requirements for the input bus is 100 μF of nonceramic capacitance and 9.4 μF (2 x 4.7 μF) of ceramic capacitance, in either an X5R or X7R temperature characteristic, and 100 μF of electrolytic capacitance. Ceramic capacitors should be located within 0.5 inch (1,27 cm) of the regulator's input pins. Electrolytic capacitors should be used at the input in addition to the required ceramic capacitance. The minimum ripple current rating for any nonceramic capacitance must be at least 250 mA rms. The ripple current rating of electrolytic capacitors is a major consideration when they are used at the input. This ripple current requirement can be reduced by placing more ceramic capacitors at the input, in addition to the minimum required 9.4 μF. Tantalum capacitors are not recommended for use at the input bus, as none were found to meet the minimum voltage rating of 2 × (maximum dc voltage + ac ripple). The 2× rating is standard practice for regular tantalum capacitors to ensure reliability. Polymer-tantalum capacitors are more reliable and are available with a maximum rating of typically 20 V. These can be used with input voltages up to 16 V. Output Capacitor The minimum capacitance required to ensure stability is a 100 μF. Either ceramic or electrolytic-type capacitors can be used. The minimum ripple current rating for the nonceramic capacitance must be at least 200 mA rms. The stability of the module and voltage tolerances is compromised if the capacitor is not placed near the output bus pins. A high-quality, computer-grade electrolytic capacitor should be adequate. A ceramic capacitor can be also be located within 0.5 inch (1,27 cm) of the output pin. For applications with load transients (sudden changes in load current), the regulator response improves with additional capacitance. Additional electrolytic capacitors should be located close to the load circuit. These capacitors provide decoupling over the frequency range, 2 kHz to 150 kHz. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are suitable for ambient temperatures above 0°C. For operation below 0°C, tantalum or Os-Con-type capacitors are recommended. When using one or more nonceramic capacitors, the calculated equivalent ESR should be no lower than 14 mΩ (17 mΩ using the manufacturer's maximum ESR for a single capacitor). A list of recommended capacitors and vendors are identified in Table 3. Ceramic Capacitors Above 150 kHz, the performance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors becomes less effective. To further reduce the reflected input ripple current, or the output transient response, multilayer ceramic capacitors must be added. Ceramic capacitors have low ESR, and their resonant frequency is higher than the bandwidth of the regulator. When placed at the output, their combined ESR is not critical as long as the total value of ceramic capacitance does not exceed 200 μF. Tantalum Capacitors Tantalum-type capacitors may be used at the output, and are recommended for applications where the ambient operating temperature can be less than 0°C. The AVX TPS, Sprague 593D/594/595, and Kemet T495/T510/T520 capacitors series are suggested over many other tantalum types due to their rated surge, power dissipation, and ripple current capability. As a caution, many general-purpose tantalum capacitors have considerably higher ESR, reduced power dissipation, and lower ripple current capability. These capacitors are also less reliable as they have lower power dissipation and surge current ratings. Tantalum capacitors that do not have a stated ESR or surge current rating are not recommended for power applications. When specifying Os-Con and polymer-tantalum capacitors for the output, the minimum ESR limit is encountered well before the maximum capacitance value is reached. Capacitor Table The capacitor table, Table 3, identifies the characteristics of capacitors from various vendors with acceptable ESR and ripple current (rms) ratings. The recommended number of capacitors required at both the input and output buses is identified for each capacitor type. This is not an extensive capacitor list. Capacitors from other vendors are available with comparable specifications. Those listed are for guidance. The rms rating and ESR (at 100 kHz) are critical parameters necessary to ensure both optimum regulator performance and long capacitor life. 10 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 Designing for Load Transients The transient response of the dc/dc converter has been characterized using a load transient with a di/dt of 1 A/μs. The typical voltage deviation for this load transient is given in the data sheet specification table using the required value of output capacitance. As the di/dt of a transient is increased, the response of a converter's regulation circuit ultimately depends on its output capacitor decoupling network. This is an inherent limitation of any dc/dc converter once the speed of the transient exceeds its bandwidth capability. If the target application specifies a higher di/dt or lower voltage deviation, the requirement can only be met with additional output capacitor decoupling. In these cases, special attention must be paid to the type, value, and ESR of the capacitors selected. If the transient performance requirements exceed those specified in the data sheet, the selection of output capacitors becomes more important. Review the minimum ESR in the characteristic data sheet for details on the capacitance maximum. Table 3. Recommended Input/Output Capacitors CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS QUANTITY WORKING VOLTAGE (V) VALUE (μF) EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE (ESR) (Ω) 85°C MAXIMUM RIPPLE CURRENT (Irms) (mA) FC( Radial) 35 100 0.117 550 8 × 11,5 FC (SMD) 35 100 0.015 670 10 × 10,2 United Chemi-Con PXA (SMD) 16 180 0.016 4360 PS 25 100 0.020 LXZ 50 100 MVY(SMD) 50 Nichicon UWG (SMD) F550 (Tantalum) CAPACITOR VENDOR/ COMPONENT SERIES PHYSICAL SIZE (mm) INPUT OUTPUT BUS BUS VENDOR NUMBER 1 EEUFC1H181 ≥1 (1) 1 EEVFC1V101P 8 × 12 ≥1 (1) ≤1 4300 8 × 10,5 ≥1 (1) ≤1 0.220 485 8 × 12,5 ≥1 1 LXZ50VB101M8X12LL 100 0.300 500 10 × 10 ≥1 1 MVY50VC101M10X10TP (|VO| ≤ 5 V) 50 100 0.300 500 10 × 10 1 UWG1H101MNR1GS 10 100 0.055 2000 7.7 × 4,3 HD 50 120 0.072 979 10 × 12,5 Sanyo Os-Con SVP (SMD) 20 100 0.024 2500 8 × 12 ≥1 (1) ≤1 SP 16 100 0.032 2890 10 × 5 ≥1 (1) ≤1 16SP100M (VI, |VO| ≤ 14 V) 7,3 L × 4,3 W × 4,1 H ≥1 ≥1 N/R F551A107MN (|VO| ≤ 5 V) UHD1H101MPR 20SVP100M (VI, |VO| ≤ 16 V) N/R (3) ≤2 N/R (3) ≤2 TPSE107M020R0200 (|VO| ≤ 10 V) ≤2 GRM32ER61C476M (|Vo| ~ VI≤ 13.5 V) (1) ≤2 GRM422X5R476M6.3 (|VO| ≤ 5.5 V) ≥4 (4) 1 C3225X7R1E225KT/MT (|VO| ≤ 20 V) 3225 ≥4 (4) 1 GRM32RR71E225K (|VO| ≤ 20 V) >1000 3225 ≥4 (4) 1 C1210C225K3RAC (|VO| ≤ 20 V) 0.002 >1000 3225 ≥4 (4) 1 12103C225KAT2A (|VO| ≤ 20 V) 4.7 0.002 >1000 3225 ≥2 1 GRM32ER71H475KA88L 2.2 0.002 >1000 ≥4 1 C3225X7R1H225KT 2.2 0.004 >1000 ≥4 1 RPER71H2R2KK6F03 100 0.085 1543 20 100 0.200 > 817 Murata X5R Ceramic 16 47 0.002 >1000 3225 1 Murata X5R Ceramic 6.3 47 0.002 >1000 3225 N/R TDK X7R Ceramic 25 2.2 0.002 >1000 SMD Murata X7R Ceramic 25 2.2 0.002 >1000 Kemet X7R Ceramic 25 2.2 0.002 AVX X7R Ceramic 25 2.2 Murata X7R Ceramic 50 TDK X7R Ceramic 50 Murata Radial Through-hole 50 (3) (4) 1 ≥1 20 (2) ≤ 3 (2) 10FS100M (VI, |VO| < 22 V) TPSV107M020R0085 (|VO| ≤ 10 V) AVX Tantalum TPS (SMD) (1) (1) PXA16VC180MF60 (VI, |VO| < 14 V) (1) The voltage rating of the input capacitor must be selected for the desired operating input voltage range of the regulator. To operate the regulator at a higher input voltage, select a capacitor with the next higher voltage rating. The maximum voltage rating of the capacitor must be selected for the desired set-point voltage (VO ). To operate at a higher output voltage, select a capacitor with a higher voltage rating. Not recommended (N/R). The voltage rating does not meet the minimum operating limits in most applications. The maximum rating of the ceramic capacitor limits the regulator's operating input voltage to 20 V. Select a alternative ceramic component to operate at a higher input voltage. 11 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 Power-Up Characteristics When configured per the standard application, the PTN78000A power module produces a regulated output voltage following the application of a valid input source voltage. During power up, internal soft-start circuitry slows the rate that the output voltage rises, thereby limiting the amount of in-rush current that can be drawn from the input source. The soft-start circuitry introduces a short time delay (typically 5 ms – 10 ms) into the power-up characteristic. This is from the point that a valid input source is recognized. Figure 18 shows the power-up waveforms for a PTN78000A, operating from a 12-V input and with the output voltage adjusted to –5 V. The waveforms were measured with a 1.5-A resistive load. VI (5 V/div) VO (2 V/div) II (1 A/div) t - Time = 5 ms/div Figure 18. Power-Up Waveforms Undervoltage Lockout The undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit prevents the module from attempting to power up until the input voltage is above the UVLO threshold. This prevents the module from drawing excessive current from the input source at power up. Below the UVLO threshold, the module is held off. Current Limit Protection The PTN78000 modules protect against load faults with a continuous current limit characteristic. Under a load fault condition, the output current cannot exceed the current limit value. Attempting to draw current that exceeds the current limit value causes the module to progressively reduce its output voltage. Current is continuously supplied to the fault until it is removed. On removal of the fault, the output voltage promptly recovers. When limiting output current, the regulator experiences higher power dissipation, which increases its temperature. If the temperature increase is excessive, the module's overtemperature protection begins to periodically turn the output voltage completely off. Overtemperature Protection A thermal shutdown mechanism protects the module's internal circuitry against excessively high temperatures. A rise in temperature may be the result of a drop in airflow, a high ambient temperature, or a sustained current-limit condition. If the junction temperature of the internal control IC rises excessively, the module turns itself off, reducing the output voltage to zero. The module instantly restarts when the sensed temperature decreases by a few degrees. Note: Overtemperature protection is a last-resort mechanism to prevent damage to the module. It should not be relied on as permanent protection against thermal stress. Always operate the module within its temperature derated limits, for the worst-case operating conditions of output current, ambient temperature, and airflow. Operating the module above these limits, albeit below the thermal shutdown temperature, reduces the long-term reliability of the module. 12 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 Optional Input/Output Filters Power modules include internal input and output ceramic capacitors in all their designs. However, some applications require much lower levels of either input reflected or output ripple/noise. This application describes various filters and design techniques found to be successful in reducing both input and output ripple/noise. Input/Output Capacitors The easiest way to reduce output ripple and noise is to add one or more 1-μF ceramic capacitors, such as C5 shown in Figure 19. Ceramic capacitors should be placed close to the output power terminals. A single 4.7-μF capacitor reduces the output ripple/noise by 10% to 30% for modules with a rated output current of less than 3 A. (Note: C4 is recommended to improve the regulators transient response and does not reduce output ripple and noise.) Switching regulators draw current from the input line in pulses at their operating frequency. The amount of reflected (input) ripple/noise generated is directly proportional to the equivalent source impedance of the power source including the impedance of any input lines. The addition of C1, minimum 4.7-μF ceramic capacitor, near the input power pins, reduces reflected conducted ripple/noise by 20% to 30%. VI 2 PTN78000A VO VI GND 5 C1 4.7 mF Ceramic C2 100 mF Electrolytic (Required) C3 2 x 4.7 mF Ceramic (Required) (See Note A) VO 1 Adj 4 RSET C4 100 mF (Required) (See Note B) GND C5 4.7 mF Ceramic GND A. See specifications for required value and type. B. See Application Information for suggested value and type. Figure 19. Adding High-Frequency Bypass Capacitors to the Input and Output π Filters If a further reduction in ripple/noise level is required for an application, higher order filters must be used. A π (pi) filter, employing a ferrite bead (Fair-Rite Pt. No. 2673000701 or equivalent) in series with the input or output terminals of the regulator reduces the ripple/noise by at least 20 db (see Figure 20 and Figure 21). In order for the inductor to be effective in reduction of ripple and noise ceramic capacitors are required. (See the Capacitor Recommendations for the PTN78000A for additional information on vendors and component suggestions.) These inductors plus ceramic capacitors form an excellent filter because of the rejection at the switching frequency (650 kHz - 1 MHz). The placement of this filter is critical. It must be located as close as possible to the input or output pins to be effective. The ferrite bead is small (12,5 mm × 3 mm), easy to use, low cost, and has low dc resistance. Fair-Rite also manufactures a surface-mount bead (part number 2773021447), through hole (part number 2673000701) rated to 5 A. Alternatively, 1-μH to 5-μH inductors can be used in place of the ferrite inductor bead. 13 PTN78000A www.ti.com SLTS246B – APRIL 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2006 L1 1 - 5 mH VI 2 VI PTN78000A GND C2 100 mF Electrolytic (Required) 1 4 C3 2 x 4.7 mF Ceramic (Required) (See Note A) C4 100 mF (Required) (See Note B) RSET GND C5 4.7 mF Ceramic C6 (See Note C) GND A. See specifications for required value and type. B. See Application Information for suggested value and type. C. Recommended for applications with load transients. Figure 20. Adding π Filters (IO≤ 3 A) 45 40 Attenuation − dB 35 1 MHz 30 25 600 kHz 20 15 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Load Current − A 2.5 3 Figure 21. π-Filter Attenuation vs. Load Current 14 VO Adj 5 C1 4.7 mF Ceramic VO L2 1 - 5 mH PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 8-Mar-2022 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead finish/ Ball material MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) (3) Device Marking (4/5) (6) PTN78000AAH ACTIVE ThroughHole Module EUS 5 56 RoHS (In Work) & Green (In Work) SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 PTN78000AAS ACTIVE Surface Mount Module EUT 5 49 Non-RoHS & Green (In Work) SNPB Level-1-235C-UNLIM/ Level-3-260C-168HRS -40 to 85 PTN78000AAST ACTIVE Surface Mount Module EUT 5 250 Non-RoHS & Green (In Work) SNPB Level-1-235C-UNLIM/ Level-3-260C-168HRS -40 to 85 PTN78000AAZ ACTIVE Surface Mount Module EUT 5 49 RoHS (In Work) & Green SNAGCU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 PTN78000AAZT ACTIVE Surface Mount Module EUT 5 250 RoHS (In Work) & Green SNAGCU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may reference these types of products as "Pb-Free". RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption. Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of