SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
D 4-Channel Serial-In Parallel-In Low-Side
D
D
D
D
D
D
Pre-FET Driver
Devices Are Cascadable
Internal 55-V Inductive Load Clamp and
VGS Protection Clamp for External Power
FETs
Independent Shorted-Load/Short-toBattery Fault Detection on All Drain
Terminals
Independent OFF-State Open-Load Fault
Sense
Over-Battery-Voltage Lockout Protection
and Fault Reporting
Under-Battery Voltage Lockout Protection
for the TPIC44L01 and TPIC44L02
D Asynchronous Open-Drain Fault Flag
D Device Output Can Be Wire-ORed With
Multiple Devices
D Fault Status Returned Through Serial
D
D
D
D
Output Terminal
Internal Global Power-On Reset of Device
and External RESET Terminal
High-Impedance CMOS-Compatible Inputs
With Hysteresis
TPIC44L01 and TPIC44L03 Disables the
Gate Output When a Shorted-Load Fault
Occurs
TPIC44L02 Transitions the Gate Output to a
Low-Duty Cycle PWM Mode When a
Shorted-Load Fault Occurs
description
The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 are
low-side predrivers that provide serial and parallel
input interfaces to control four external FET power
switches such as offered in the TI TPIC family of
power arrays. These devices are designed
primarily for low-frequency switching, inductive
load applications such as solenoids and relays.
Fault status for each channel is available in a
serial-data format. Each driver channel has
independent off-state open-load detection and
on-state shorted-load/short-to-battery detection.
Battery overvoltage and undervoltage detection
and shutdown is provided on the TPIC44L01/L02.
On the TPIC44L03 driver, only over-battery
voltage shutdown is provided. Each channel also
provides inductive-voltage-transient protection
for the external FET.
DB PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
FLT
VCOMPEN
VCOMP
IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
CS
SDO
SDI
SCLK
VCC
1
24
2
23
3
22
4
21
5
20
6
19
7
18
8
17
9
16
10
15
11
14
12
13
VBAT
N/C
RESET
DRAIN0
GATE0
DRAIN1
GATE1
GATE2
DRAIN2
GATE3
DRAIN3
GND
These devices provide control of output channels through a serial input interface or a parallel input interface.
A command to enable the output from either interface enables the respective channels gate output to the
external FET. The serial interface is recommended when the number of signals between the control device and
the predriver must be minimized and the speed of operation is not critical. In applications where the predriver
must respond very quickly or asynchronously, the parallel input interface is recommended.
For serial operation, the control device must transition CS from high to low to activate the serial input interface.
When this occurs, SDO is enabled, fault data is latched into the serial interface, and the fault flag is refreshed.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright 2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated
! " #$ %! " &$'(# ! ) !%*
)$#!" # ! "&%# # ! " &% !+% !% " %, " "! $ %!"
"! ) ) - !.* )$#! & #%""/ ) %" ! %#%"" (. #($)%
!%"!/ (( & %!% "*
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
description (continued)
Data is clocked into the serial registers on low-to-high transitions of SCLK through SDI. Each string of data must
consist of at least four bits of data. In applications where multiple devices are cascaded together, the string of
data must consist of four bits for each device. A high data bit turns the respective output channel on and a low
data bit turns it off. Fault data for the device is clocked out of SDO as serial input data is clocked into the device.
Fault data consists of fault flags for shorted-load and open-load flags (bits 0–3) for each of the four output
channels. A high bit in the fault data indicates a fault and a low bit indicates that no fault is present for that
channel. Fault register bits are set or cleared asynchronously to reflect the current state of the hardware. A fault
must be present when CS is transitioned from high to low to be captured and reported in the serial fault data.
New faults cannot be captured in the serial register when CS is low. CS must be transitioned high after all of
the serial data has been clocked into the device. A low-to-high transition of CS transfers the last four bits of serial
data to the output buffer puts SDO in a high-impedance state and clears and reenables the fault register. The
TPIC44L01/L02/L03 was designed to allow the serial input interfaces of multiple devices to be cascaded
together to simplify the serial interface to the controller. Serial input data flows through the device and is
transferred out SDO following the fault data in cascaded configurations.
For parallel operation, data is transferred directly from the parallel input interface IN0-IN3 to the respective
GATE(0–3) output asynchronously. SCLK or CS is not required for parallel control. A 1 on the parallel input turns
the respective channel on, where a 0 turns it off. Note that either the serial input interface or the parallel input
interface can enable a channel. Under parallel operation, fault data must still be collected through the serial data
interface.
The predrivers monitor the drain voltage for each channel to detect shorted-load or open-load fault conditions
in the the on and off states respectively. These devices offer the option of using an internally generated
fault-reference voltage or an externally supplied fault-reference voltage through VCOMP for fault detection. The
internal fault reference is selected by connecting VCOMPEN to GND and the external reference is selected by
connecting VCOMPEN to VCC. The drain voltage is compared to the fault reference when the channel is turned
on to detect shorted-load conditions and when the channel is off to detect open-load conditions. When a shorted
fault occurs using the TPIC44L01 or the TPIC44L03, the channel is turned off and a fault flag is sent to the control
device as well as to the serial fault register bits. If a fault occurs while using the TPIC44L02, the channel
transitions into a low-duty cycle, pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal as long as the fault is present.
Shorted-load fault conditions must be present for at least the shorted-load deglitch time, t(STBDG), to be flagged
as a fault. A fault flag is sent to the control device as well as the serial fault register bits. More detail on fault
detection operation is presented in the device operation section of this data sheet.
These devices provide protection from over-battery voltage and under-battery voltage conditions irrespective
of the state of the output channels. When the battery voltage is greater than the overvoltage threshold or less
than the undervoltage threshold, all channels are disabled and a fault flag is generated. Battery-voltage faults
are not reported in the serial fault data. The outputs return to normal operation once the battery-voltage fault
has been corrected. When an over-battery/under-battery voltage condition occurs, the device reports the
battery fault, but disables fault reporting for open- and shorted-load conditions. Fault reporting for open- and
shorted-load conditions are reenabled after the battery fault condition has been corrected.
These devices provide inductive transient protection on all channels. The drain voltage is clamped to protect
the FET. The clamp voltage is defined by the sum of VCC and turnon voltage of the external FET. The predriver
also provides a gate-to-source voltage (VGS) clamp to protect the gate-source terminals of the power FET from
exceeding their rated voltages. An external active low RESET is provided to clear all registers and flags in the
device. GATE(0–3) outputs are disabled after RESET has been pulled low.
These devices provide pulldown resistors on all inputs except CS and RESET. A pullup resistor is used on CS
and RESET.
2
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
schematic diagram
4
Fault Logic
RST
SDI
SCLK
SDO
Serial Register
VCC
Parallel Register
CS
4
RST
IN 0
IN 1
IN 2
IN 3
FLT
PREZ
GND
D
Q
RST
DRAIN 0
DRAIN 1
DRAIN 2
DRAIN 3
4
STB and Open-Load Fault
Protection
VCOMPEN
OSC
S
BIAS
2
B
VCOMP
A
Gate
Drive Block
VBAT
Vbg
OVLO†
UVLO
GATE 0
GATE 1
GATE 2
GATE 3
VCC
RST
RESET
† OVLO not on TPIC44L03
RST
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3
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
Terminal Functions
DESCRIPTION
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
I/O
CS
8
I
Chip select. A high-to-low transition on CS enables SDO, latches fault data into the serial interface, and
refreshes FLT. When CS is high, the fault registers can change fault status. On the falling edge of CS, fault data
is latched into the serial output register and transferred using SDO and SCLK. On a low-to-high transition of
CS, serial data is latched in to the output control register.
DRAIN0
21
I
DRAIN1
19
FET drain inputs. DRAIN0 through
g DRAIN3 are used for both open-load and short-circuit fault detection at the
drain of the external FETs. They are also used for inductive transient protection.
DRAIN2
16
DRAIN3
14
FLT
1
I
Fault flag. FLT is a logic level open-drain output that provides a real-time fault flag for shorted-load/
open-load/over-battery voltage/under-battery voltage faults. The device can be ORed with FLT terminals on
other devices for interrupt handling. FLT requires an external pullup resistor.
GATE0
20
O
GATE1
18
Gate drive output. GATE0 through
g GATE3 outputs are derived from the VBAT supply
y voltage.
g Internal clamps
prevent voltages on these nodes from exceeding the VGS rating on most FETs.
GATE2
17
GATE3
15
GND
13
I
Ground and substrate
IN0
4
I
IN1
5
Parallel g
gate driver. IN0 through
g IN3 are real-time controls for the g
gate predrive circuitry.
y They
y are CMOS
compatible with hysteresis.
IN2
6
IN3
7
RESET
22
I
Reset. A high-to-low transition of RESET clears all registers and flags. Gate outputs turn off and the FLT flag
is cleared.
SCLK
11
I
Serial clock. SCLK clocks the shift register. Serial data is clocked into SDI and serial fault data is clocked out
of SDO on the falling edge of the serial clock.
SDI
10
I
Serial data input. Output control data is clocked into the serial register through SDI. A 1 on SDI commands a
particular gate output on and a 0 turns it off.
SDO
9
O
Serial data output. SDO is a 3-state output that transfers fault data to the controlling device. It also passes serial
input data to the next stage for cascaded operation. SDO is taken to a high-impedance state when CS is in a
high state.
VBAT
VCC
24
I
Battery supply voltage
12
I
Logic supply voltage
VCOMPEN
2
I
Fault reference voltage select. VCOMPEN selects the internally generated fault reference voltage (0) or an
external fault reference (1) to be used in the shorted- and open-load fault detection circuitry.
VCOMP
3
I
Fault reference voltage. VCOMP provides an external fault reference voltage for the shorted-load and
open-load fault detection circuitry.
4
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)†
Supply voltage range, VCC (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 7 V
Battery supply voltage range, VBAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 60 V
Input voltage range,VI (at any input) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 7 V
Output voltage range, VO (SDO and FLT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 7 V
Drain-to-source voltage, VDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 60 V
Output voltage, VO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 15 V
Operating case temperature range, TC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to 125°C
Thermal resistance, junction to ambient, RθJA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135°C/W
Maximum junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to 150°C
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
NOTE 1: All voltage values are with respect to GND.
recommended operating conditions
Logic supply voltage, VCC
Battery supply voltage, VBAT
MIN
NOM
MAX
4.5
5
5.5
V
24
V
VCC
0.15 VCC
V
8
High-level input voltage, VIH
0.85 VCC
Low-level input voltage, VIL
0
UNIT
V
Setup time, SDI high before SCLK rising edge, tsu (see Figure 5)
10
ns
Hold time, SDI high after SCLK rising edge, th (see Figure 5)
10
ns
Case temperature, TC
–40
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125
°C
5
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
IBAT
ICC
TEST CONDITIONS
Supply current, VBAT
All outputs off,
Supply current, VCC
All outputs off,
V(turnon)
Turnon voltage, logic operational, VCC
VBAT = 5.5 V,
Check output functionality
V(ovsd)
Vhys(ov)
Over-battery-voltage shutdown
V(uvsd)
Over-battery-voltage reset hysteresis
VBAT = 12 V
VBAT = 5.5 V
Gate disabled,
disabled
See Figure
Fig re 16
disabled
Gate disabled,
Fig re 17
See Figure
Under-battery-voltage shutdown,
(TPIC44L01/L02 only)
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
300
500
700
µA
1
2.6
4.2
mA
2.6
3.5
4.4
V
32
34
36
V
0.5
1
1.5
V
4.1
4.8
5.4
V
100
200
300
mV
7
13.5
V
5
7
V
Vhys(uv)
Under-battery-voltage reset hysteresis,
(TPIC44L01/L02 only)
VG
Gate drive
dri e voltage
oltage
8 V < VBAT < 24 V,
5.5 V < VBAT < 8 V,
IO(H)
Maximum current output for drive terminals,
pullup
VO = GND
0.5
1.2
2.5
mA
IO(L)
Maximum current output for drive terminals,
pulldown
VO = 7 V
0.5
1.2
2.5
mA
V(stb)
Short-to-battery/shorted-load/open-load
detection voltage
VCOMPEN = L
1.1
1.25
1.4
V
40
100
150
mV
VCOMPEN = L
1.1
1.25
1.4
V
40
100
150
mV
30
60
80
µA
Vhys(stb)
VD(open)
Short-to-battery hysteresis
Vhys(open)
II(open)
Open-load hysteresis
II(PU)
II(PD)
Input pullup current (CS)
Input pulldown current
VCC = 5 V,
VCC = 5 V,
Vhys
Input voltage hysteresis
VCC = 5 V
VO(SH)
VO(SL)
High-level serial output voltage
IO = 1 mA
IO = 1 mA
IOZ(SD)
VO(CFLT)
3-state current serial-data output
Open-load off-state detection voltage threshold
IO = 100 µA
IO = 100 µA
Open-load off-state detection current
Low-level serial output voltage
Fault-interrupt output voltage
VIN = 0 V
VIN = 5 V
µA
10
µA
10
0.6
0.85
1.1
0.1
0.4
V
1
10
µA
0.1
0.5
V
0.8 VCC
VCC = 0 V to 5.5 V
IO = 1 mA
-10
V
V
VI(COMP)
Fault-external reference voltage,
(TPIC44L01/L02 only)
VCOMPEN = H
0.25
3
V
VI(COMP)
Fault-external reference voltage, (TPIC44L03
only)
VCOMPEN = H
1
3
V
VC
Output clamp voltage, (TPIC44L01/L02 only)
dc < 1%,
tw = 100 µs
47
55
63
V
VC
Output clamp voltage, (TPIC44L03 only)
dc < 1%,
tw = 100 µs
47
53.5
60
V
6
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
switching characteristics, VCC = 5 V, Vbat = 12 V, TC = 25°C
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
t(STBFM)
Short-to-battery/shorted-load/open-load
fault mask time
See Figures 14 and 15
t(STBDG)
Short-to-battery/shorted-load deglitch time
See Figure 14
tPLH
Propagation turnon delay time, CS or
IN0-IN3 to GATE0–GATE3
C(gate) = 400 pF,
tPHL
Propagation turnoff delay time, CS or
IN0-IN3 to GATE0–GATE3
tr(1)
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
60
µs
8
µs
See Figure 1
4
µs
C(gate) = 400 pF,
See Figure 2
3.5
µs
Rise time GATE0–GATE3
C(gate) = 400 pF,
See Figure 3
3.5
µs
tf(1)
Fall time, GATE0–GATE3
C(gate) = 400 pF,
See Figure 4
3
f(SCLK)
trf(SB)
Serial clock frequency
Refresh time, short-to-battery
TPIC46L01 only,
See Figure 14
10
ms
tw
Refresh pulse width, short-to-battery
TPIC46L01 only,
See Figure 14
68
µs
tsu(1)
Setup time, CS↓ to ↑SCLK
See Figure 5
10
ns
tpd(1)
Propagation delay time, CS↓ to SDO valid
RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 6
40
ns
tpd(2)
Propagation delay time, SCLK↓ to SDO
valid
See Figure 6
20
ns
tpd(3)
Propagation delay time, CS↑ to SDO
3-state
RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 7
CL = 50 pF,
2
µs
tr2
Rise time, SDO 3-state to SDO valid
RL = 10 kΩ to GND,
CL = 200 pF,
Over-battery fault,
See Figure 8
30
ns
tf(2)
Fall time, SDO 3-state to SDO valid
RL = 10 kΩ to VCC,
CL = 200 pF,
No faults,
See Figure 9
20
ns
tr(3)
Rise time, FLT
RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 10
CL = 50 pF,
1.2
µs
tf(3)
Fall time, FLT
RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 11
CL = 50 pF,
15
ns
µs
10
CL = 200 pF,
MHz
50%
IN0–IN3
or
CS or IN0–IN3
CS
50%
50%
tPLH
tPHL
90%
GATE0–GATE3
GATE0–GATE3
Figure 1
10%
Figure 2
tr(1)
90%
GATE0–GATE3
tf(1)
GATE0–GATE3
10%
90%
10%
Figure 3
Figure 4
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
SCLK
SCLK
tsu(1)
CS
CS
th
tpd(1)
tsu
SDO
SDI
tpd(2)
3-State
Figure 5
Figure 6
50%
CS
SDO
90%
3-STATE
10%
tpd(3)
SDO
tr(2)
3-State
Figure 7
Figure 8
tf(2)
SDO
3-STATE
tr(3)
90%
10%
Figure 9
Figure 10
tf(3)
90%
FLT
10%
Figure 11
8
90%
FLT
10%
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
serial data operation
The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 offer serial input interface to the microcontroller to transfer control
data to the predriver and fault data back to the controller. The serial input interface consists of:
D
D
D
D
SCLK – Serial clock
CS – Chip select
SDI – Serial data input
SDO – Serial data output
Serial data is shifted into the least significant bit (LSB) of the SDI shift register on the rising edge of the first SCLK
after CS has transitioned from 1 to 0. Four clock cycles are required to shift the first bit from the LSB to the most
significant bit (MSB) of the shift register. Four clock cycles must occur before CS transitions high for proper
control of the outputs. Less than four clock cycles result in fault data being latched into the output control buffer.
Eight bits of data can be shifted into the device, but the first 4 bits shifted out are always the fault data and the
last 4 bits shifted in are always the output control data. A low-to-high transition on CS latches the contents of
the serial shift register into the output control register. A logic 0 input to SDI turns the corresponding parallel
output off and a logic 1 input turns the output on (see Figure 12).
1
2
3
4
SCLK
CS
SDI
New Data
GATE3 ON
GATE2 ON
GATE1 OFF
GATE0 OFF
Output Control
Register Data
SDO
Present Output Data
3-State
FLT3
FLT2
FLT1
New Data
FLT0
IN3
3-State
(a) 4-Bit Serial Word Example
Figure 12
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SCLK
CS
SDI
Don’t Care
New Data
GATE3 ON
GATE2 ON
GATE1 OFF
GATE0 OFF
Output Control
Register Data
SDO 3-State
Present Output Data
FLT3
FLT2
FLT1
FLT0
NA
NA
New Data
NA
NA
IN3
3-State
(b) 8-Bit Serial Word Example (Single Predriver)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SCLK
CS
SDI
IN 7
IN 6
IN 5
IN 4
IN 3
IN 2
IN 1
IN 0
NA
FLT5
FLT4
FLT3
FLT2
FLT1
FLT0
IN7
New Data
GATE7–GATE4 (2nd stage)
GATE3–GATE0 (1st stage)
SDO 3-State
FLT7
FLT6
(c) 8-Bit Serial Word Example (Cascade: Two Predrivers)
Figure 12 (continued)
10
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3-State
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
serial data operation (continued)
Data is shifted out of SDO on the falling edge of SCLK. The MSB of fault data is available after CS is transitioned
low. The remaining 3 bits of fault data are shifted out in the following three clock cycles. Fault data is latched
into the serial register when CS is transitioned low. A fault must be present on the high to low transition of CS
to be captured by the device. The CS input must be transitioned to a high state after the last bit of serial data
has been clocked into the device. The rising edge of CS inhibits SDI, puts SDO into a high-impedance state,
latches the 4 bits of serial data into the output control register, and clears and reenable the serial fault registers
(see Figure 13). When a shorted-load condition occurs with the TPIC44L01 or TPIC44L03, then the controller
must disable and reenable the channel to clear the fault register and FLT. The TPIC44L02 automatically retries
the output and the fault clears after the fault condition has been corrected.
1
2
3
4
SCLK
CS
SDO
3-State
FLT3
FLT2
FLT1
FLT0
IN3
3-State
Figure 13
parallel input data operation
In addition to the serial interface, the TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 also provides a parallel interface
to the microcontroller. The output turns on when either the parallel or the serial interface commands it to turn
on. The parallel data terminals are real-time control inputs for the output drivers. SCLK and CS are not required
to transfer parallel input data to the output buffer. Fault data must be read over the serial data bus as described
in the serial data operation section of this data sheet. The parallel input must be transitioned low and then high
to clear and reenable a gate output after it has been disabled due to a shorted-load fault condition.
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SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
chipset performance under fault conditions
The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, TPIC44L03, and power FET arrays are designed for normal operation over a
battery-voltage range of 8 V to 24 V with load-fault detection from 4.8 V to 34 V. The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02,
and TPIC44L03 offer onboard fault detection to handle a variety of faults that may occur within a system. The
circuits primary function is to prevent damage to the load and the power FETs in the event that a fault occurs.
Note that unused DRAIN0-DRAIN3 inputs must be connected to VBAT through a pullup resistor to prevent false
reporting of open-load fault conditions. The circuitry detects the fault, shuts off the output to the FET, and reports
the fault to the microcontroller. The primary faults under consideration are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Shorted load
Open load
Over-battery voltage shutdown
Under-battery voltage shutdown (TPIC44L01 and TPIC44L02 only)
NOTE:
An undervoltage fault may be detected when VCC and VBAT are applied to the device. The controller
should initialize the fault register after power up to clear any false fault reports.
shorted-load fault condition
The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 monitor the drain voltage of each channel to detect shorted-load
conditions. The onboard deglitch timer starts running when the gate output to the power FET transitions from
the off state to the on state. The timer provides a 60-µs deglitch time, t(STBFM), to allow the drain voltage to
stabilize after the power FET has been turned on. The deglitch time is only enabled for the first 60 µs after the
FET has been turned on. After the deglitch delay time, the drain voltage is checked to verify that it is less than
the fault reference voltage. When it is greater than the reference voltage for at least the short-to-battery deglitch
time, t(STBDG), FLT flags the microcontroller that a fault condition exists and the gate output is automatically shut
off (TPIC44L01 and TPIC44L03) until the error condition has been corrected.
An overheating condition on the FET occurs when the controller continually tries to reenable the output under
shorted-load fault conditions. When a shorted-load fault is detected using the TPIC44L02, the gate output is
transitioned into a low-duty cycle, PWM signal to to protect the FET from overheating. The PWM rate is defined
as t(SB) and the pulse width is defined as tw. The gate output remains in this state until the fault has been
corrected or until the controller disables the gate output.
The microcontroller can read the serial port on the predriver to isolate which channel reported the fault condition.
Fault bits 0-3 distinguish faults for each of the output channels. When a shorted-load condition occurs with the
TPIC44L01 or TPIC44L03, the controller must disable and reenable the channel to clear the fault register and
FLT. The TPIC44L02 automatically retries the output and the fault clears after the fault condition has been
corrected. Figure 14 illustrates operation after a gate output has been turned on. The gate to the power FET
is turned on and the deglitch timer starts running. Under normal operation T1 turns on and the drain operates
below the reference point set at U1. The output of U1 is low and a fault condition is not flagged.
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• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
External
TPIC44L01/L02
VBAT
Load
T1
+
_
1.25 V
Input From
TPIC44L01/L02
N-Channel
U1
FLT
Deglitch
SHORTED-LOAD TPIC44L01 and TPIC44L03
NORMAL
Input
Input
GATE0–
GATE3
GATE0–
GATE3
Glitches
Glitches
DRAIN0–
DRAIN3
DRAIN0–
DRAIN3
t(STBFM)
FLT
FLT
t(STBDG)
t(STBFM)
SHORTED-LOAD TPIC44L02
Input
GATE0–
GATE3
Glitches
t(SB)
tw
DRAIN0–
DRAIN3
GATE0–
GATE3
FLT
t(STBDG)
t(STBFM)
Figure 14
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
13
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
open load
The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 monitor the drain of each power FET for open circuit conditions
that may exist. The 60-µA current source is provided to monitor open load fault conditions. Open-load faults are
only detected when the power FET is turned off. When load impedance is open or substantially high, the 60-µA
current source has adequate drive to pull the drain of T1 below the fault reference threshold on the detection
circuit. Unused DRAIN0–DRAIN3 inputs must be connected to VBAT through a pullup resistor to prevent false
reporting of open-load fault conditions. The onboard deglitch timer starts running when the TPIC44L01,
TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 gate output to the power FET transitions to the off state. The timer provides a 60-µs
deglitch time, t(STBFM) to allow the drain voltage to stabilize after the power FET has been turned off. The deglitch
time is only enabled for the first 60 µs after the FET has been turned off. After the deglitch delay time, the drain
is checked to verify that it is greater than the fault reference voltage. When it is less than the reference voltage,
a fault is flagged to the microcontroller through FLT that an open-load fault condition exists. The microcontroller
can then read the serial port on the TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 to isolate which channel reported
the fault condition. Fault bits 0–3 distinguish faults for each of the output channels. Figure 15 illustrates the
operation of the open-load detection circuit. This feature provides useful information to the microcontroller to
isolate system failures and warn the operator that a problem exists. Examples of such applications would be
a warning that a light bulb filament may be open, solenoid coils may be open, etc.
External
TPIC44L01/L02/L03
VBAT
Load
U1
60 µA
T1
Input From
TPIC44L01/L02/L03
1.25 V
N-Channel
GATE0–
GATE3
OPEN-LOAD
Input
NORMAL
GATE0–
GATE3
Glitches
DRAIN0–
DRAIN3
FLT
FLT
Deglitch
NORMAL
Input
+
_
DRAIN0–
DRAIN3
FLT
t(STBFM)
t(STBFM)
Figure 15
14
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
over-battery-voltage shutdown
The TPIC44L01,TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 monitor the battery voltage to prevent the power FETs turning on
in the event that the battery voltage is too high. This condition may occur due to voltage transients resulting from
a loose battery connection. The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 turns the power FET off when the
battery voltage is above 34 V to prevent possible damage to the load and the FET. GATE(0–3) output goes back
to normal operation after the overvoltage condition has been corrected. An over-battery voltage fault is flagged
to the controller through FLT. The over-battery voltage fault is not reported in the serial fault word. When an
overvoltage condition occurs, the device reports the battery fault, but disables fault reporting for open and
shorted-load conditions. Fault reporting for open and shorted-load conditions are reenabled after the battery
fault condition has been corrected. When the fault condition is removed before the CS signal transitions low,
the fault condition is not captured in the serial fault register. The fault flag resets on a high-to-low transition of
CS provided no other faults are present in the device. Figure 16 illustrates the operation of the over-battery
voltage detection circuit.
VBAT
34 V
VBAT
+
_
U1
Output Disable
34 V
12 V
33 V
GATE0–GATE3
Figure 16
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
15
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
under-battery-voltage shutdown (TPIC44L01 and TPIC44L02 only)
The TPIC44L01 and TPIC44L02 monitor the battery voltage to prevent the power FETs from being turned on
in the event that the battery voltage is too low. When the battery voltage is below 4.8 V, then GATE0–GATE3
may not provide sufficient gate voltage to the power FETs to minimize the on-resistance that could result in a
thermal stress on the FET. The output goes back to normal operation after the undervoltage condition has been
corrected. An under-battery voltage fault is flagged to the controller through FLT. The under-battery voltage fault
is not reported in the serial fault word. When an under-battery voltage condition occurs, the device reports the
battery fault but disables fault reporting for open- and shorted-load conditions. When the fault condition is
removed before the CS signal transitions low, the fault condition is not captured in the serial fault register. The
fault flag resets on a high-to-low transition of CS provided no other faults are present in the device. Figure 17
illustrates the operation of the under-battery voltage detection circuit.
VBAT
_
4.8 V
U1
Output Disable
+
12 V
VBAT
5V
4.8 V
GATE0–GATE3
Figure 17
16
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• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
inductive voltage transients
A typical application for the predriver/power FET circuit is to switch inductive loads. When an inductive load is
switched off, a large voltage spike can occur. These spikes can exceed the maximum VDS rating for the external
FET and damage the device when the proper protection is not in place. The FET can be protected from these
transients through a variety of methods using external components. The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and
TPIC44L03 offer that protection in the form of a Zener diode stack connected between the DRAIN input and
GATE output (see Figure 18). Zener diode Z1 turns the FET on to dissipate the transient energy. GATE diode
Z2 is provided to prevent the gate voltage from exceeding 13 V during normal operation and transient protection.
TPIC44L01/L02/L03
External
DRAIN
Z1
LOAD
VBAT
55 V
T1
GATE
Z2
Power FET
13 V
Figure 18
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
17
SLIS062B – NOVEMBER 1996 – REVISED AUGUST 2001
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
external fault reference input
The TPIC44L01, TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03 compare each channel drain voltage to a fault reference to detect
shorted-load and open-load conditions. The user has the option of using the internally generated 1.25-V fault
reference or providing an external reference voltage through VCOMP. The internal reference is selected by
connecting VCOMPEN to GND and VCOMP is selected by connecting VCOMPEN to VCC (see Figure 19).
Proper layout techniques should be used in the grounding network for the VCOMP circuit on the TPIC44L01,
TPIC44L02, and TPIC44L03. The ground for the predriver and VCOMP network should be connected to a
Kelvin ground if available; otherwise, they should make single-point contact back to the power ground of the
FET array. Improper grounding techniques can result in inaccuracies in detecting faults.
External
TPIC44L01/L02/L03
DRAIN3
+
_
DRAIN0
+
_
U1
1.25 V
VCOMP
A
M
U
X
VCOMPEN
Deglitch
VCOMPEN
1.25 V
VCOMP
0
1
Figure 19
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• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
FLT
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
10-Dec-2020
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
TPIC44L01DBR
ACTIVE
SSOP
DB
24
2000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
TPIC44L01
TPIC44L02DB
ACTIVE
SSOP
DB
24
60
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
TPIC44L02
TPIC44L02DBG4
ACTIVE
SSOP
DB
24
60
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
TPIC44L02
TPIC44L02DBR
ACTIVE
SSOP
DB
24
2000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
TPIC44L02
TPIC44L02DBRG4
ACTIVE
SSOP
DB
24
2000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
(IC44L02, TPIC44L0
2)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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