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TPS5410
SLVS675D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED DECEMBER 2014
TPS5410 1-A, Wide Input Range, Step-Down Converter
1 Features
3 Description
•
•
•
The TPS5410 is a high-output-current PWM
converter that integrates a low-resistance, high-side,
N-channel MOSFET. Included on the substrate with
the listed features is a high performance voltage error
amplifier that provides tight voltage regulation
accuracy under transient conditions; an undervoltagelockout circuit to prevent start-up until the input
voltage reaches 5.5 V; an internally set slow-start
circuit to limit inrush currents; and a voltage feedforward circuit to improve the transient response.
Using the ENA pin, shutdown supply current is
reduced to 18 μA typically. Other features include an
active high enable, overcurrent limiting, overvoltage
protection and thermal shutdown. To reduce design
complexity and external component count, the
TPS5410 feedback loop is internally compensated.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wide Input Voltage Range: 5.5 V to 36 V
Up to 1-A Continuous (1.2-A Peak) Output Current
High Efficiency Up to 95% Enabled by 110-mΩ
Integrated MOSFET Switch
Wide Output Voltage Range: Adjustable Down to
1.22 V with 1.5% Initial Accuracy
Internal Compensation Minimizes External Parts
Count
Fixed 500-kHz Switching Frequency for Small
Filter Size
Improved Line Regulation and Transient
Response by Input Voltage Feed-Forward
System Protected by Overcurrent Limiting,
Overvoltage Protection and Thermal Shutdown
–40°C to 125°C Operating Junction Temperature
Range
Available in Small 8-Pin SOIC Package
The TPS5410 device is available in an easy to use 8pin SOIC package. TI provides evaluation modules
and software tools to aid in quickly achieving highperformance power supply designs to meet
aggressive equipment development cycles.
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
Device Information(1)
Consumer: Set-Top Box, DVD, LCD Displays
Industrial and Car Audio Power Supplies
Battery Chargers, High-Power LED Supply
12-V/24-V Distributed Power Systems
PART NUMBER
TPS5410D
PACKAGE
SOIC (8)
BODY SIZE (NOM)
3.91 mm x 4.90 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the datasheet.
Efficiency vs Output Current
Simplified Schematic
100
VIN
VIN
PH
VOUT
TPS5410
BOOT
NC
ENA VSENSE
95
Efficiency − %
NC
90
85
VI = 20 V
VO = 12 V
fs = 500 kHz
o
TA = 25 C
GND
80
75
0
0.2
0.4 0.6 0.8
1
1.2
IO - Output Current - A
1.4
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
TPS5410
SLVS675D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED DECEMBER 2014
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
3
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
3
4
4
4
4
6
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description .............................................. 8
7.1 Overview ................................................................... 8
7.2 Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 8
7.3 Feature Description................................................... 9
7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 10
8
Applications and Implementation ...................... 11
8.1 Application Information............................................ 11
8.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 11
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 21
10 Layout................................................................... 21
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 21
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 22
11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 23
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
Documentation Support .......................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
23
23
23
23
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 23
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision C (September 2013) to Revision D
•
Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section. ................................................................................................. 1
Changes from Revision B (January 2013) to Revision C
•
Page
Deleted SWIFT from the data sheet Title, Features , and Description .................................................................................. 1
Changes from Revision A (November 2006) to Revision B
•
Page
Page
Replaced the DISSIPATION RATINGS with the THERMAL INFORMATION table............................................................... 4
Changes from Original (August 2006) to Revision A
Page
•
Changed the Efficiency vs Output Current graph................................................................................................................... 1
•
Changed the Functional Block Diagram ................................................................................................................................. 8
2
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SLVS675D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED DECEMBER 2014
5 Pin Configuration and Functions
D PACKAGE
8 PINS
TOP VIEW
BOOT
1
8
PH
NC
2
7
VIN
NC
3
6
GND
VSENSE
4
5
ENA
Pin Functions
PIN
I/O
DESCRIPTION
NAME
NO.
BOOT
1
O
Boost capacitor for the high-side FET gate driver. Connect 0.01 μF low ESR capacitor from BOOT pin to
PH pin.
2, 3
—
Not connected internally.
VSENSE
4
I
Feedback voltage for the regulator. Connect to output voltage divider.
ENA
5
I
On/off control. Below 0.5 V, the device stops switching. Float the pin to enable.
GND
6
—
VIN
7
I
Input supply voltage. Bypass VIN pin to GND pin close to device package with a high quality, low ESR
ceramic capacitor.
PH
8
O
Source of the high side power MOSFET. Connected to external inductor and diode.
NC
Ground.
6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VI
Input voltage range
(1) (2)
MIN
MAX
VIN
–0.3
40 (3)
PH (steady-state)
–0.6
40 (3)
EN
–0.3
7
VSENSE
–0.3
3
BOOT-PH
–0.3
10
PH (transient < 10 ns)
–1.2
IO
Source current
PH
Ilkg
Leakage current
PH
TJ
Operating virtual junction temperature
(2)
(3)
V
Internally Limited
Tstg Storage temperature
(1)
UNIT
10
μA
–40
150
°C
–65
150
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal.
Approaching the absolute maximum rating for the VIN pin may cause the voltage on the PH pin to exceed the absolute maximum rating.
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6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1)
±2000
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 (2)
±1500
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
VVIN
Input voltage range
5.5
36
V
TJ
Operating junction temperature
–40
125
°C
6.4 Thermal Information
TPS5410
THERMAL METRIC
(1)
D
UNIT
8 PINS
(2)
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (custom board)
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (standard board)
105.9
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
45.0
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
47.8
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
5.7
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
47.0
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
N/A
(1)
(2)
75
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
Test boards conditions:
(a) 3 in x 3 in, 2 layers, thickness: 0.062 inch.
(b) 2 oz. copper traces located on the top and bottom of the PCB.
6.5 Electrical Characteristics
TJ = –40°C to 125°C, VIN = 5.5 V to 36 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
3
4.4
mA
18
50
μA
Start threshold voltage, UVLO
5.3
5.5
V
Hysteresis voltage, UVLO
330
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VIN PIN)
IQ
Quiescent current
VSENSE = 2 V, Not switching, PH pin
open
Shutdown, ENA = 0 V
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCK OUT (UVLO)
mV
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Voltage reference accuracy
TJ = 25°C
1.202
1.221
1.239
IO = 0 A – 1 A
1.196
1.221
1.245
400
500
600
kHz
150
200
ns
1.3
V
V
OSCILLATOR
Internally set free-running frequency
Minimum controllable on time
Maximum duty cycle
87%
89%
ENABLE (ENA PIN)
Start threshold voltage, ENA
Stop threshold voltage, ENA
0.5
Hysteresis voltage, ENA
Internal slow-start time (0 ~ 100%)
4
V
450
6.6
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8
mV
10
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
TJ = –40°C to 125°C, VIN = 5.5 V to 36 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Current limit
1.2
1.5
1.8
A
Current limit hiccup time
13
16
20
ms
135
162
°C
14
°C
CURRENT LIMIT
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Thermal shutdown trip point
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
OUTPUT MOSFET
rDS(on)
High-side power MOSFET switch
VIN = 5.5 V
150
VIN = 10 V - 36 V
110
230
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6.6 Typical Characteristics
530
IQ − Operating Quiescent Current − mA
3.5
f − Oscillator Frequency − kHz
520
510
500
490
480
470
460
-50
VI = 12 V
3.25
3
2.75
2.5
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
-50
-25
o
TJ − Junction Temperature − C
0
25
50
75
100
125
o
TJ − Junction Temperature − C
Figure 1. Oscillator Frequency vs Junction Temperature
Figure 2. Operating Quiescent Current vs Junction
Temperature
1.23
180
Vref − Voltage Reference − V
Minimum Controllable On Time − ns
170
160
150
140
1.225
1.22
1.215
130
120
-50
1.21
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
-50
-25
o
25
50
75
100
125
TJ − Junction Temperature − C
Figure 3. Minimum Controllable On Time vs Junction
Temperature
Figure 4. Voltage Reference vs Junction Temperature
180
9
VI = 12 V
tSS − Internal Slow Start Time − ms
170
rDS(on) − On-State Resistance − mW
0
o
TJ − Junction Temperature − C
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
8.5
8
7.5
90
7
80
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
-50
o
TJ − Junction Temperature − C
0
25
50
75
100
125
o
TJ − Junction Temperature − C
Figure 5. On State Resistance vs Junction Temperature
6
-25
Figure 6. Internal Slow-Start Time vs Junction Temperature
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
8
ENA = 0 V
o
TJ = 125 C
20
Minimum Duty Ratio − %
ISD − Shutdown Current − mA
25
TJ = 27oC
15
10
7.5
7.5
7.25
o
TJ = -40 C
7
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
o
TJ − Junction Temperature − C
VI − Input Voltage − V
Figure 7. Shutdown Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage
Figure 8. Minimum Controllable Duty Ratio vs Junction
Temperature
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The TPS5410 is a 36-V, 1-A step-down (buck) regulator with an integrated, high-side, N-channel MOSFET.
These devices implement constant-frequency voltage-mode control with voltage feed-forward for improved line
regulation and line transient response. Internal compensation reduces design complexity and external component
count.
The integrated 110-mΩ high-side MOSFET supports high-efficiency power-supply designs capable of delivering
1-A of continuous current to a load. The gate-drive bias voltage for the integrated high-side MOSFET is supplied
by a bootstrap capacitor connected from the BOOT to PH pins. The TPS5410 reduces the external component
count by integrating the bootstrap recharge diode.
The TPS5410 has a default input start-up voltage of 5.3 V typical. The ENA pin can be used to disable the
TPS5410 reducing the supply current to 18 µA. An internal pullup current source enables operation when the
ENA pin is floating. The TPS5410 includes an internal slow-start circuit that slows the output rise time during
start up to reduce in rush current and output voltage overshoot.
The minimum output voltage is the internal 1.221-V feedback reference. Output overvoltage transients are
minimized by an Overvoltage Protection (OVP) comparator. When the OVP comparator is activated, the highside MOSFET is turned off and remains off until the output voltage is less than 112.5% of the desired output
voltage.
Internal cycle-by-cycle overcurrent protection limits the peak current in the integrated high-side MOSFET. For
continuous overcurrent fault conditions the TPS5410 will enter hiccup mode overcurrent limiting. Thermal
protection protects the device from overheating.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
VIN
VIN
1.221 V Bandgap
Reference
UVLO
VREF
SHDN
Slow Start
Boot
Regulator
BOOT
HICCUP
5 µA
ENA
ENABLE
SHDN
SHDN
VSENSE
Z1
Thermal
Protection
NC
SHDN
VIN
Ramp
Generator
NC
SHDN
VSENSE
OVP
Z2
Feed Forward
Gain = 25
SHDN
GND
Error
Amplifier
SHDN
HICCUP
PWM
Comparator
Overcurrent
Protection
Oscillator
SHDN
Gate Drive
Control
112.5% VREF
Gate
Driver
SHDN
BOOT
PH
VOUT
8
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7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Oscillator Frequency
The internal free running oscillator sets the PWM switching frequency at 500 kHz. The 500-kHz switching
frequency allows less output inductance for the same output ripple requirement resulting in a smaller output
inductor.
7.3.2 Voltage Reference
The voltage reference system produces a precision reference signal by scaling the output of a temperature
stable bandgap circuit. The bandgap and scaling circuits are trimmed during production testing to an output of
1.221 V at room temperature.
7.3.3 Enable (ENA) and Internal Slow-Start
The ENA pin provides electrical on/off control of the regulator. Once the ENA pin voltage exceeds the threshold
voltage, the regulator starts operation and the internal slow-start begins to ramp. If the ENA pin voltage is pulled
below the threshold voltage, the regulator stops switching and the internal slow-start resets. Connecting the pin
to ground or to any voltage less than 0.5 V disables the regulator and activate the shutdown mode. The
quiescent current of the TPS5410 in shutdown mode is typically 18 μA.
The ENA pin has an internal pullup current source, allowing the user to float the ENA pin. If an application
requires controlling the ENA pin, use open drain or open collector output logic to interface with the pin. To limit
the start-up inrush current, an internal slow-start circuit is used to ramp up the reference voltage from 0 V to its
final value linearly. The internal slow-start time is 8 ms typically.
7.3.4 Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
The TPS5410 incorporates an undervoltage lockout circuit to keep the device disabled when VIN (the input
voltage) is below the UVLO start voltage threshold. During power up, internal circuits are held inactive and the
internal slow-start is grounded until VIN exceeds the UVLO start threshold voltage. Once the UVLO start
threshold voltage is reached, the internal slow-start is released and device start-up begins. The device operates
until VIN falls below the UVLO stop threshold voltage. The typical hysteresis in the UVLO comparator is 330 mV.
7.3.5 Boost Capacitor (BOOT)
Connect a 0.01-μF low-ESR ceramic capacitor between the BOOT pin and PH pin. This capacitor provides the
gate drive voltage for the high-side MOSFET. X7R or X5R grade dielectrics are recommended due to their stable
values over temperature.
7.3.6 Output Feedback (VSENSE)
The output voltage of the regulator is set by feeding back the center point voltage of an external resistor divider
network to the VSENSE pin. In steady-state operation, the VSENSE pin voltage should be equal to the voltage
reference 1.221 V.
7.3.7 Internal Compensation
The TPS5410 implements internal compensation to simplify the regulator design. Since the TPS5410 uses
voltage mode control, a type 3 compensation network has been designed on chip to provide a high crossover
frequency and a high phase margin for good stability. See the Internal Compensation Network in the Applications
section for more details.
7.3.8 Voltage Feed-Forward
The internal voltage feed-forward provides a constant DC power stage gain despite any variations with the input
voltage. This greatly simplifies the stability analysis and improves the transient response. Voltage feed-forward
varies the peak ramp voltage inversely with the input voltage so that the modulator and power stage gain are
constant at the feed-forward gain, for example:
VIN
Feed Forward Gain =
Ramppk-pk
(1)
The typical feed-forward gain of TPS5410 is 25.
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.9 Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) Control
The regulator employs a fixed frequency pulse-width-modulator (PWM) control method. First, the feedback
voltage (VSENSE pin voltage) is compared to the constant voltage reference by the high gain error amplifier and
compensation network to produce a error voltage. Then, the error voltage is compared to the ramp voltage by the
PWM comparator. In this way, the error voltage magnitude is converted to a pulse width which is the duty cycle.
Finally, the PWM output is fed into the gate drive circuit to control the on-time of the high-side MOSFET.
7.3.10 Overcurrent Liming
Overcurrent limiting is implemented by sensing the drain-to-source voltage across the high-side MOSFET. The
drain to source voltage is then compared to a voltage level representing the overcurrent threshold limit. If the
drain-to-source voltage exceeds the overcurrent threshold limit, the overcurrent indicator is set true. The system
will ignore the overcurrent indicator for the leading edge blanking time at the beginning of each cycle to avoid any
turn-on noise glitches.
Once overcurrent indicator is set true, overcurrent limiting is triggered. The high-side MOSFET is turned off for
the rest of the cycle after a propagation delay. The overcurrent limiting scheme is called cycle-by-cycle current
limiting.
Sometimes under serious overload conditions such as short-circuit, the overcurrent runaway may still happen
when using cycle-by-cycle current limiting. A second mode of current limiting is used, for example hiccup mode
overcurrent limiting. During hiccup mode overcurrent limiting, the voltage reference is grounded and the high-side
MOSFET is turned off for the hiccup time. Once the hiccup time duration is complete, the regulator restarts under
control of the slow-start circuit.
7.3.11 Overvoltage Protection
The TPS5410 has an overvoltage protection (OVP) circuit to minimize voltage overshoot when recovering from
output fault conditions. The OVP circuit includes an overvoltage comparator to compare the VSENSE pin voltage
and a threshold of 112.5% x VREF. Once the VSENSE pin voltage is higher than the threshold, the high-side
MOSFET will be forced off. When the VSENSE pin voltage drops lower than the threshold, the high-side
MOSFET will be enabled again.
7.3.12 Thermal Shutdown
The TPS5410 protects itself from overheating with an internal thermal shutdown circuit. If the junction
temperature exceeds the thermal shutdown trip point, the voltage reference is grounded and the high-side
MOSFET is turned off. The part is restarted under control of the slow-start circuit automatically when the junction
temperature drops 14°C below the thermal shutdown trip point.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Minimum Input Voltage
Confid The TPS5410 is recommended to operate with input voltages above 5.5 V. The typical VIN UVLO
threshold is 5.3 V and the device may operate at input voltages down to the UVLO voltage. At input voltages
below the actual UVLO voltage the device will not switch. If ENA is floating or externally pulled up to greater up
than 1.3 V, when V(VIN) passes the UVLO threshold the TPS5410 will become active. Switching is enabled and
the slow-start sequence is initiated. The TPS5410 starts linearly ramping up the internal reference voltage from 0
V to its final value over the internal slow-start time period.
7.4.2 ENA Control
T The enable start threshold voltage is 1.3 V max. With ENA held below the 0.5 V minimum stop threshold
voltage the TPS5410 is disabled and switching is inhibited even if VIN is above its UVLO threshold. The
quiescent current is reduced in this state. If the ENA voltage is increased above the max start threshold while
V(VIN) is above the UVLO threshold, the device becomes active. Switching is enabled and the slow-start
sequence is initiated. The TPS5410 starts linearly ramping up the internal reference voltage from 0 V to its final
value over the internal slow-start time period.
10
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8 Applications and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The TPS5410 is a 1-A, step down regulator with an integrated high-side MOSFET. This device is typically used
to convert a higher DC voltage to a lower DC voltage with a maximum available output current of 1 A. Example
applications are: High Density Point-of-Load Regulators for Set-top Box, DVD, LCD and Plasma Displays, High
Power LED Supply, Car Audio, Battery Chargers, and other 12-V and 24-V Distributed Power Systems. Use the
following design procedure to select component values for the TPS5410. This procedure illustrates the design of
a high frequency switching regulator. Alternatively, use the WEBENCH software to generate a complete design.
The WEBENCH software uses an iterative design procedure and accesses a comprehensive database of
components when generating a design.
8.2 Typical Applications
8.2.1 Application Circuit
Figure 9 shows the schematic for a typical TPS5410 application. The TPS5410 can provide up to 1-A output
current at a nominal output voltage of 12 V.
U1
TPS5410D
14.5 V - 36 V
7
VIN
ENA
C1
4.7 mF
VIN
5 ENA
2 NC
3 NC
6 GND
C2
0.01 mF
BOOT
1
PH
8
VSNS 4
L1
68 mH
12 V
VOUT
+
D1
B340A
C3
47 mF
(See Note A)
R1
10 kW
R2
1.13 kW
A.
C3 = Tantalum AVX TPSE476M020R0150
Figure 9. Application Circuit, 14.5-V — 36 V to 12-V
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
For this design example, use the following as the input parameters:
Table 1. Design Requirements
(1)
DESIGN PARAMETER (1)
EXAMPLE VALUE
Input voltage range
14.5 V to 36 V
Output voltage
12 V
Input ripple voltage
300 mV
Output ripple voltage
50 mV
Output current rating
1A
Operating frequency
500 kHz
As an additional constraint, the design is set up to be small size and low component height.
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.1.2.1 Switching Frequency
The switching frequency for the TPS5410 is internally set to 500 kHz. It is not possible to adjust the switching
frequency.
8.2.1.2.2 Input Capacitors
The TPS5410 requires an input decoupling capacitor and, depending on the application, a bulk input capacitor.
The minimum recommended value for the decoupling capacitor is 4.7 μF. A high quality ceramic type X5R or
X7R is required. For some applications, a smaller value decoupling capacitor may be used, if the input voltage
and current ripple ratings are not exceeded. The voltage rating must be greater than the maximum input voltage,
including ripple. For this design, a 4.7 μF capacitor, C1 issued to allow for smaller 1812 case size to be used
while maintaining a 50 V rating.
This input ripple voltage can be approximated by Equation 2 :
IOUT(MAX) x 0.25
+ IOUT(MAX) x ESRMAX
DVIN =
CBULK x ƒSW
(
)
(2)
Where IOUT(MAX) is the maximum load current, f SW is the switching frequency, CI is the input capacitor value and
ESRMAX is the maximum series resistance of the input capacitor.
The maximum RMS ripple current also needs to be checked. For worst case conditions, this is approximated by
Equation 3:
I
OUT(MAX)
I
+
CIN
2
(3)
In this example, the calculated input ripple voltage is 137 mV, and the RMS ripple current is 0.5 A. The maximum
voltage across the input capacitors would be VIN max plus delta VIN/2. The chosen input decoupling capacitors
are rated for 50 V, and the ripple current capacity for each is 3 A at 500 kHz, providing ample margin. The actual
measured input ripple voltage may be larger than the calculated value due to the output impedance of the input
voltage source, decrease in actual capacitance due to bias voltage and parasitics associated with the layout.
CAUTION
The maximum ratings for voltage and current are not to be exceeded under any
circumstance.
12
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Additionally, some bulk capacitance may be needed, especially if the TPS5410 circuit is not located within
approximately 2 inches from the input voltage source. The value for this capacitor is not critical but it should be
rated to handle the maximum input voltage including ripple voltage and should filter the output so that input ripple
voltage is acceptable.
8.2.1.2.3 Output Filter Components
Two components need to be selected for the output filter, L1 and C3. Since the TPS5410 is an internally
compensated device, a limited range of filter component types and values can be supported.
8.2.1.2.3.1 Inductor Selection
To calculate the minimum value of the output inductor, use Equation 4:
LMIN =
(
VOUT x VIN(MAX) - VOUT
)
VIN(max) x KIND x IOUT x FSW x 0.8
(4)
KIND is a coefficient that represents the amount of inductor ripple current relative to the maximum output current.
Three things need to be considered when determining the amount of ripple current in the inductor: the peak to
peak ripple current affects the output ripple voltage amplitude, the ripple current affects the peak switch current,
and the amount of ripple current determines at what point the circuit becomes discontinuous. For designs using
the TPS5410, KIND of 0.2 to 0.3 yields good results. Low output ripple voltages is obtained when paired with the
proper output capacitor, the peak switch current is below the current limit set point, and low load currents can be
sourced before discontinuous operation.
For this design example, use KIND = 0.3, and the minimum inductor value is 66 μH. The next highest standard
value used in this design is 68 μH.
For the output filter inductor, it is important that the RMS current and saturation current ratings not be exceeded.
The RMS inductor current can be found from Equation 5:
I
L(RMS)
+
Ǹ
1
I2
)
OUT(MAX) 12
ǒ
V
V
OUT
ǒVIN(MAX) * VOUTǓ
L
IN(MAX)
OUT
F
SW
0.8
Ǔ
2
(5)
and the peak inductor current can be determined using Equation 6:
(
)
VOUT x VIN(MAX) - VOUT
IL(PK) = IOUT(MAX) +
1.6 x VIN(MAX) x LOUT x FSW
(6)
For this design, the RMS inductor current is 1.004 A, and the peak inductor current is 1.147 A. The chosen
inductor is a Coilcraft MSS1260-683 type. The nominal inductance is 68μH. It has a saturation current rating of
2.3 A and a RMS current rating of 2.3 A, which meets the requirements. Inductor values for use with the
TPS5410 are in the range of 10 μH to 100 μH.
8.2.1.2.3.2 Capacitor Selection
The important design factors for the output capacitor are dc voltage rating, ripple current rating, and equivalent
series resistance (ESR). The dc voltage and ripple current ratings cannot be exceeded. The ESR is important
because along with the inductor ripple current it determines the amount of output ripple voltage. The actual value
of the output capacitor is not critical, but some practical limits do exist. Consider the relationship between the
desired closed loop crossover frequency of the design and LC corner frequency of the output filter. Due to the
design of the internal compensation, it is recommended to keep the closed loop crossover frequency in the range
3 kHz to 30 kHz as this frequency range has adequate phase boost to allow for stable operation. For this design
example, the intended closed loop crossover frequency is between 2590 Hz and 24 kHz, and below the ESR
zero of the output capacitor. Under these conditions, the closed loop crossover frequency is related to the LC
corner frequency as:
f CO +
f LC
2
85 VOUT
(7)
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and the desired output capacitor value for the output filter to:
1
C OUT +
3357 L OUT f CO V OUT
(8)
For a desired crossover of 10 kHz and a 68-μH inductor, the calculated value for the output capacitor is 36.5 μF.
The capacitor type should be chosen so that the ESR zero is above the loop crossover. The maximum ESR is:
1
ESR MAX +
2p C OUT f CO
(9)
The maximum ESR of the output capacitor also determines the amount of output ripple as specified in the initial
design parameters. The output ripple voltage is the inductor ripple current times the ESR of the output filter.
Check that the maximum specified ESR as listed in the capacitor data sheet results in an acceptable output
ripple voltage:
VPP(MAX) =
(
)
ESRMAX x VOUT x VIN(MAX) - VOUT
NC x VIN(MAX) x LOUT x FSW x 0.8
(10)
Where:
ΔVPP is the desired peak-to-peak output ripple.
NC is the number of parallel output capacitors.
FSW is the switching frequency.
The minimum ESR of the output capacitor should also be considered. For a good phase margin, if the ESR is
zero when the ESR is at its minimum, it should not be above the internal compensation poles at 24 kHz and
54 kHz.
The selected output capacitor must also be rated for a voltage greater than the desired output voltage plus one
half the ripple voltage. Any derating amount must also be included. The maximum RMS ripple current in the
output capacitor is given by Equation 11:
ICOUT(RMS) =
1
Ö12
x
[
(
VOUT x VIN(MAX) - VOUT
)
VIN(MAX) x LOUT - FSW x 0.8 x NC
]
(11)
Where:
NC is the number of output capacitors in parallel.
FSW is the switching frequency.
For this design example, a single 47-μF output capacitor is chosen for C3. This value is close to the calculated
value of 36.5 μF and yields an actual closed loop cross over frequency of 10.05 kHz. The calculated RMS ripple
current is 84.9 mA and the maximum ESR required is 339 mΩ. A capacitor that meets these requirements is a
AVX TPSE476M020R0150, rated at 20 V with a maximum ESR of 150 mΩ and a ripple current rating of 1.369 A.
This capacitor results in a peak-to-peak output ripple of 44 mV using equation 10. An additional small 0.1-μF
ceramic bypass capacitor may also used, but is not included in this design.
Other capacitor types can be used with the TPS5410, depending on the needs of the application.
8.2.1.2.4 Output Voltage Setpoint
The output voltage of the TPS5410 is set by a resistor divider (R1 and R2) from the output to the VSENSE pin.
Calculate the R2 resistor value for the output voltage of 12 V using Equation 12:
R1 1.221
R2 +
V
* 1.221
OUT
(12)
For any TPS5410 design, start with an R1 value of 10 kΩ. R2 is then 1.13 kΩ.
8.2.1.2.5 Boot Capacitor
The boot capacitor should be 0.01 μF.
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8.2.1.2.6 Catch Diode
The TPS5410 is designed to operate using an external catch diode between PH and GND. The selected diode
must meet the absolute maximum ratings for the application: Reverse voltage must be higher than the maximum
voltage at the PH pin, which is VINMAX + 0.5 V. Peak current must be greater than IOUTMAX plus on half the
peak-to-peak inductor current. Forward voltage drop should be small for higher efficiencies. It is important to note
that the catch diode conduction time is typically longer than the high-side FET on time; therefore, the diode
parameters improve the overall efficiency. Additionally, check that the device chosen is capable of dissipating the
power losses. For this design, a Diodes, Inc. B340A is chosen, with a reverse voltage of 40 V, forward current of
3 A, and a forward voltage drop of 0.5 V.
8.2.1.2.7 Advanced Information
8.2.1.2.7.1 Output Voltage Limitations
Due to the internal design of the TPS5410, there are both upper and lower output voltage limits for any given
input voltage. The upper limit of the output voltage set point is constrained by the maximum duty cycle of 87%
and is given by:
V OUTMAX + 0.87
ǒǒVINMIN * I OMAX
Ǔ
Ǔ ǒ
0.230 ) VD * I OMAX
Ǔ
RL * VD
(13)
Where:
VINMIN = minimum input voltage
IOMAX = maximum load current
VD = catch diode forward voltage.
RL= output inductor series resistance.
This equation assumes maximum on resistance for the internal high side FET.
The lower limit is constrained by the minimum controllable on time which may be as high as 200 ns. The
approximate minimum output voltage for a given input voltage and minimum load current is given by:
V OUTMIN + 0.12
ǒǒVINMAX * I OMIN
Ǔ
Ǔ ǒ
0.110 ) VD * I OMIN
Ǔ
RL * VD
(14)
Where:
VINMAX = maximum input voltage
IOMIN = minimum load current
VD = catch diode forward voltage.
RL= output inductor series resistance.
This equation assumes nominal on resistance for the high side FET and accounts for worst case variation of
operating frequency set point. Any design operating near the operational limits of the device should be
checked to assure proper functionality.
8.2.1.2.7.2 Internal Compensation Network
The design equations given in the example circuit can be used to generate circuits using the TPS5410. These
designs are based on certain assumptions, and always select output capacitors within a limited range of ESR
values. If a different capacitor type is desired, it may be possible to fit one to the internal compensation of the
TPS5410. Equation 15 gives the nominal frequency response of the internal voltage-mode type III compensation
network:
s
s
1)
1)
2p Fz1
2p Fz2
H(s) +
s
s
s
s
1)
1)
1)
2p Fp1
2p Fp2
2p Fp3
2p Fp0
(15)
ǒ
ǒ
Ǔ ǒ
Ǔ ǒ
Ǔ ǒ
Ǔ
Ǔ ǒ
Ǔ
Where
Fp0 = 2165 Hz, Fz1 = 2170 Hz, Fz2 = 2590 Hz
Fp1 = 24 kHz, Fp2 = 54 kHz, Fp3 = 440 kHz
Fp3 represents the non-ideal parasitics effect.
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Using this information along with the desired output voltage, feed-forward gain and output filter characteristics,
the closed loop transfer function can be derived.
8.2.1.2.7.3 Thermal Calculations
The following formulas show how to estimate the device power dissipation under continuous conduction mode
operations. They should not be used if the device is working at light loads in the discontinuous conduction mode.
Conduction Loss: Pcon = IOUT 2 x Rds(on) x VOUT / VIN
Switching Loss: Psw = VIN x IOUT x 0.01
Quiescent Current Loss: Pq = VIN x 0.01
Total Loss: Ptot = Pcon + Psw + Pq
Given TA => Estimated Junction Temperature: TJ = TA + Rth x Ptot
Given TJMAX = 125°C => Estimated Maximum Ambient Temperature: TAMAX = TJMAX – Rth x Ptot
8.2.1.3 Application Curves
The performance graphs in Figure 10 to Figure 17 are applicable to the circuit in Figure 9. TA = 25 °C. unless
otherwise specified.
0.03
100
VI = 14.5 V
VI = 20 V
VI = 14.5 V
0.02
Output Voltage Regulation - %
Efficiency - %
95
90
VI = 35 V
VI = 30 V
85
VI = 25 V
80
VI = 20 V
0.01
VI = 25 V
0
VI = 30 V
-0.01
VI = 36 V
-0.02
75
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
IO - Output Current - A
1.2
1.4
-0.03
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
IO - Output Current - A
Figure 10. Efficiency vs. Output Current
Figure 11. Output Voltage Regulation % vs. Output Current
0.03
VIN = 100 mV/div (AC Coupled)
AC Coupled
20 MHz BWL
Output Voltage Regulation - %
0.02
IO = 0.5 A
0.01
IO = 0 A
V(PH) = 10 V/div
0
-0.01
IO = 1 A
-0.02
-0.03
14 16
18
20 22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
t - Time - 1 ms / Div
VI - Input Voltage - V
Figure 12. Output Voltage Regulation % vs. Input Voltage
16
Figure 13. Input Voltage Ripple and PH Node, IO = 1 A
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VIN = 20 mV/div (AC Coupled)
AC Coupled
20 MHz BWL
AC Coupled
20 MHz BWL
VO = 100 mV/div
V(PH) = 10 V/div
IO = 500 mA/div
t - Time - 200 ms / Div
t - Time - 1 ms / Div
Figure 14. Output Voltage Ripple and PH Node, IO = 1 A
Figure 15. Transient Response, IO Step 0.25 to 0.75 A
VI = 10 V/div
ENA = 2 V/div
VO = 5 V/div
VO = 5 V/div
t - Time - 5 ms / Div
t - Time - 5 ms / Div
Figure 16. Startup Waveform, VI and VO
Figure 17. Startup Waveform, ENA and VO
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8.2.2 Using All Ceramic Capacitors
Figure 18 shows an application circuit using all ceramic capacitors for the input and output filters. The design
procedure is similar to those given for the design example, except for the selection of the output filter capacitor
values and the design of the additional compensation components required to stabilize the circuit.
U1
TPS5410D
7 V - 36 V
VIN
7
ENA
C1
4.7 mF
VIN
5 ENA
2 NC
BOOT
3 NC
6 GND
L1
68 mH
C2
0.01 mF
5V
1
VOUT
PH 8
VSNS 4
D1
B340A
C3
47 mF
C4
47 mF
(Note A)
(Note A)
R1
10 kW
C6
2700 pF
R3
1.78 kW
C5
150 pF
A.
R2
3.24 kW
C7
0.056 mF
C3, C4 = Ceramic TDKC4532X5R1A476MT
Figure 18. 7-V — 36-V Input to 5-V Output Application Circuit with Ceramic Capacitors
8.2.2.1 Design Requirements
For this design example, use Table 1 as the input parameters.
8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.2.2.1 Output Filter Capacitor Selection
When using ceramic output filer capacitors, the recommended LC resonant frequency should be no more than 7
kHz. Since the output inductor is already selected at 68 μH, this limits the minimum output capacitor value to:
1
CO (MIN) ³
2
(2p x 7000) x LO
(16)
The minimum capacitor value is calculated to be 7.6 μF. For this circuit a larger value of capacitor will yield better
transient response. Two output capacitors are used for C3 and C4 with a value of 47 uF each. It is important to
note that the actual capacitance of ceramic capacitors decreases with applied voltage. In this case the effective
value used for the calculations is approximately 70 % of the rated value or 70 μF.
8.2.2.2.2 External Compensation Network
When using ceramic output capacitors, additional circuitry is required to stabilize the closed loop system. For this
circuit the external components are R3, C5, C6 and C7. To determine the value of these components, first
calculate the LC resonant frequency of the output filter:
1
FLC =
2p Ö LO x CO (EFF)
(17)
For this example the effective resonant frequency is calculated as 2306 Hz
The network composed of R1, R2, R3, C5, C6 and C7 has two poles and two zeros that are used to tailor the
overall response of the feedback network to accommodate the use of the ceramic output capacitors. The pole
and zero locations are given by the following equations:
VO
Fp1 = 500000 x
FLC
(18)
18
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Fz1 = 0.7 x FLC
(19)
Fz2 = 2.5 x FLC
(20)
The final pole is located at a frequency too high to be of concern. The values for R1 and R2 are fixed by the 5-V
output voltage as calculated using Equation 12. Now the values of R3, C5, C6 and C7 are determined using
Equation 21, Equation 22, and Equation 23:
1
C7 =
2p x Fp1 x (R1 || R2)
(21)
1
2p x Fz1 x C7
1
C6 =
2p x Fz2 x R1
R3 =
(22)
(23)
For this design, using the closest standard values, C7 is 0.056 μF, R3 is 1.76 kΩ and C6 is 2700 pF. C5 is
added to improve load regulation performance. It is effectively in parallel with C6 in the location of the second
pole frequency, so it should be small in relationship to C6. C5 should be less the 1/10 the value of C6. For this
example, 150 pF works well.
For additional information on external compensation of the TPS5410 or other wide voltage range devices, see
Using TPS5410/20/30/31 With Aluminum/Ceramic Output Capacitors, SLVA237.
8.2.2.3 Application Curves
The performance graphs in Figure 19 to Figure 24 are applicable to the circuit in Figure 18. TA = 25 °C. unless
otherwise specified.
0.1
100
VI = 10 V
0.08
Efficiency - %
95
90
85
VI = 30 V
80
VI = 35 V
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
IO - Output Current - A
VI = 15 V
0.06
0.04
VI = 7 V
0.02
0
-0.02
VI = 25 V
-0.04
VI = 30 V
VI = 36 V
-0.06
VI = 20 V
VI = 25 V
-0.08
VI = 20 V
75
VI = 10 V
VI = 15 V
Output Voltage Regulation - %
VI = 7 V
1.2
1.4
-0.1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
IO - Output Current - A
Figure 19. Efficiency vs. Output Current
Figure 20. Output Voltage Regulation % vs. Output Current
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0.03
VIN = 100 mV/div (AC Coupled)
AC Coupled
20 MHz BWL
Output Voltage Regulation - %
0.02
IO = 0.5 A
0.01
IO = 0 A
V(PH) = 10 V/div
0
-0.01
IO = 1 A
-0.02
-0.03
14 16
18
20 22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
t - Time - 1 ms / Div
VI - Input Voltage - V
Figure 21. Output Voltage Regulation % vs. Input Voltage
VIN = 20 mV/div (AC Coupled)
Figure 22. Input Voltage Ripple and PH Node, IO = 1 A
AC Coupled
20 MHz BWL
AC Coupled
20 MHz BWL
VO = 100 mV/div
V(PH) = 10 V/div
IO = 500 mA/div
t - Time - 200 ms / Div
t - Time - 1 ms / Div
Figure 23. Output Voltage Ripple and PH Node, IO = 1 A
20
Figure 24. Transient Response, IO Step 0.25 to 0.75 A
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
The TPS5410 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply range between 5.5 V and 36 V. This input
supply should remain within the input voltage supply range. If the input supply is located more than a few inches
from the TPS5410 converter bulk capacitance may be required in addition to the ceramic bypass capacitors. An
electrolytic capacitor with a value of 100 μF is a typical choice.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
Connect a low ESR ceramic bypass capacitor to the VIN pin. Care should be taken to minimize the loop area
formed by the bypass capacitor connections, the VIN pin, and the TPS5410 ground pin. The best way to do this
is to extend the top side ground area from under the device adjacent to the VIN trace, and place the bypass
capacitor as close as possible to the VIN pin. The minimum recommended bypass capacitance is 4.7μF ceramic
with a X5R or X7R dielectric.
There should be a ground area on the top layer directly underneath the IC to connect the GND pin of the device
and the anode of the catch diode. The GND pin should be tied to the PCB ground by connecting it to the ground
area under the device as shown in Figure 25.
The PH pin should be routed to the output inductor, catch diode and boot capacitor. Since the PH connection is
the switching node, the inductor should be located close to the PH pin, and the area of the PCB conductor
minimized to prevent excessive capacitive coupling. The catch diode should also be placed close to the device to
minimize the output current loop area. Connect the boot capacitor between the phase node and the BOOT pin as
shown. Keep the boot capacitor close to the IC and minimize the conductor trace lengths. The component
placements and connections shown work well, but other connection routings may also be effective.
Connect the output filter capacitor(s) as shown between the VOUT trace and GND. It is important to keep the
loop formed by the PH pin, Lout, Cout and GND as small as is practical.
Connect the VOUT trace to the VSENSE pin using the resistor divider network to set the output voltage. Do not
route this trace too close to the PH trace. Due to the size of the IC package and the device pinout, the trace may
need to be routed under the output capacitor. The routing may be done on an alternate layer if a trace under the
output capacitor is not desired.
If the grounding scheme shown is used via a connection to a different layer to route to the ENA pin.
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10.2 Layout Example
PH
BOOT
CAPACITOR
OUTPUT
INDUCTOR
RESISTOR
DIVIDER
VOUT
CATCH
DIODE
BOOT
PH
NC
VIN
NC
GND
VSENSE
ENA
OUTPUT
FILTER
CAPACITOR
INPUT
INPUT
BULK
BYPASS
CAPACITOR FILTER
Vin
TOPSIDE GROUND AREA
VIA to Ground Plane
Route feedback
trace under the output
filter capacitor or on
the other layer.
Signal VIA
0.050
Figure 25. Design Layout
0.026
0.220
0.080
All dimensions in inches
Figure 26. TPS5410 Land Pattern
22
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Documentation Support
11.1.1 Related Documentation
Using TPS5410/20/30/31/50 With Aluminum/Ceramic Output Capacitors, application report, SLVA237
11.2 Trademarks
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.4 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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13-Aug-2021
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
TPS5410D
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
75
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
TPS5410
TPS5410DG4
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
75
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
TPS5410
TPS5410DR
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
2500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
TPS5410
TPS5410DRG4
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
2500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
TPS5410
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of