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TPS731
SBVS034N – SEPTEMBER 2003 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
TPS731xx Capacitor-Free, NMOS, 150-mA Low Dropout Regulator With Reverse Current
Protection
1 Features
3 Description
•
•
•
The TPS731xx family of low-dropout (LDO) linear
voltage regulators uses a new topology: an NMOS
pass element in a voltage-follower configuration. This
topology is stable using output capacitors with low
equivalent series resistance (ESR), and even allows
operation without a capacitor. The device also
provides high reverse blockage (low reverse current)
and ground pin current that is nearly constant over all
values of output current.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stable With or Without Capacitors of All Types
Input Voltage Range of 1.7 V to 5.5 V
Ultralow Dropout Voltage: 30 mV Typical (150-mA
Load)
Excellent Load Transient Response—With or
Without Optional Output Capacitor
New NMOS Topology Provides Low Reverse
Leakage Current
Low Noise: 30 μVRMS Typical (10 kHz to 100 kHz)
0.5% Initial Accuracy
1% Overall Accuracy Over Line, Load, and
Temperature
Less Than 1-μA Maximum IQ in Shutdown Mode
Thermal Shutdown and Specified Minimum and
Maximum Current Limit Protection
Available in Multiple Output Voltage Versions
– Fixed Outputs of 1.20 V to 5 V
– Adjustable Outputs from 1.2 V to 5.5 V
– Custom Outputs Available
The TPS731xx uses an advanced BiCMOS process
to yield high precision while delivering very low
dropout voltages and low ground pin current. Current
consumption, when not enabled, is less than 1 μA
and ideal for portable applications. The extremely low
output noise (30 μVRMS with 0.1-μF CNR) is ideal for
powering VCOs. These devices are protected by
thermal shutdown and foldback current limit.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
TPS731xx
PACKAGE
SOT-23 (5)
BODY SIZE (NOM)
2.90 mm × 1.60 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Smart Grid and Energy
Building Automation
Set-Top Boxes
Medical Equipment
Test and Measurement
Point-of-Sale Terminals
Wireless Infrastructure
Typical Application Circuit for Fixed-Voltage Versions
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
TPS731
SBVS034N – SEPTEMBER 2003 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
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Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
4
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
4
4
4
4
5
6
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings ............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description ............................................ 11
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Overview .................................................................
Functional Block Diagrams .....................................
Feature Description.................................................
Device Functional Modes........................................
11
11
12
13
8
Application and Implementation ........................ 14
8.1 Application Information............................................ 14
8.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 14
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 17
10 Layout................................................................... 17
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 17
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 17
10.3 Thermal Considerations ........................................ 17
11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 19
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
Device Support......................................................
Documentation Support .......................................
Related Links ........................................................
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 20
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision M (August 2009) to Revision N
Page
•
Changed first and third Features bullets ................................................................................................................................ 1
•
Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section ................................................................................................. 1
•
Changed list of recommended Applications ........................................................................................................................... 1
•
Changed Pin Configuration and Functions section; updated table format to meet new standards ...................................... 3
•
Changed free-air temperature to junction temperature in Absolute Maximum Ratings condition statement ........................ 4
•
Deleted Power Dissipation Ratings table ............................................................................................................................... 4
•
Changed Thermal Information table; updated thermal resistance values for all packages .................................................. 4
Changes from Revision L (May, 2009) to Revision M
Page
•
Changed Figure 10 ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
•
Added paragraph about recommended start-up sequence to Internal Current Limit section .............................................. 13
•
Added paragraph about current foldback and device start-up to Enable Pin and Shutdown section .................................. 13
2
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SBVS034N – SEPTEMBER 2003 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
5 Pin Configuration and Functions
DBV Package
5-Pin SOT-23
Top View
IN
1
GND
2
EN
3
5
OUT
4
NR/FB
Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
IN
1
I
GND
2
—
Input supply.
EN
3
I
Driving the enable pin (EN) high turns on the regulator. Driving this pin low puts the regulator into
shutdown mode. Refer to Enable Pin and Shutdown for more details. EN can be connected to IN if not
used.
NR
4
—
Fixed-voltage versions only—connecting an external capacitor to this pin bypasses noise generated by
the internal bandgap, reducing output noise to very low levels.
FB
4
I
Adjustable-voltage version only—this is the input to the control loop error amplifier, and is used to set the
output voltage of the device.
OUT
5
O
Output of the regulator. There are no output capacitor requirements for stability.
Ground.
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Voltage
Peak output current
(1)
MIN
MAX
VIN
–0.3
6
VEN
–0.3
6
VOUT
–0.3
5.5
VNR, VFB
–0.3
6
IOUT
Temperature
(1)
V
Internally limited
Output short-circuit duration
Continuous total power
dissipation
UNIT
Indefinite
PDISS
See Power Dissipation
Junction, TJ
–55
150
Storage, Tstg
–65
150
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all
pins (1)
±2000
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101, all pins (2)
±500
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
VIN
Input supply voltage range
IOUT
Output current
TJ
Operating junction temperature
NOM
MAX
UNIT
1.7
5.5
V
0
150
mA
–40
125
°C
6.4 Thermal Information
TPS731xx
THERMAL METRIC
(1)
DBV (SOT-23)
UNIT
5 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
207.2
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
124.2
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
13.5
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
34.1
(1)
4
35
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics
Over operating temperature range (TJ = –40°C to +125°C), VIN = VOUT(nom) + 0.5 V (1), IOUT = 10 mA, VEN = 1.7 V, and
COUT = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TJ = 25°C.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
VIN
Input voltage range (1)
VFB
Internal reference (TPS73101)
MIN
TJ = 25°C
1.198
ΔVOUT(ΔVIN)
Accuracy (1)
Nominal
TJ = 25°C
VIN, IOUT, and T
VOUT + 0.5 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V;
10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 150 mA
(3)
Line regulation
(1)
MAX
V
1.210
V
5.5 – VDO
V
–0.5%
0.5%
–1%
VOUT(nom) + 0.5 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V
1.20
UNIT
5.5
VFB
Output voltage range (TPS73101) (2)
VOUT
TYP
1.7
±0.5%
1%
0.01
1 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 150 mA
0.002
10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 150 mA
0.0005
%/V
ΔVOUT(ΔIOUT)
Load regulation
VDO
Dropout voltage (4)
(VIN = VOUT (nom) – 0.1V)
IOUT = 150 mA
ZO(DO)
Output impedance in dropout
1.7 V ≤ VIN ≤ VOUT + VDO
ICL
Output current limit
VOUT = 0.9 × VOUT(nom)
ISC
Short-circuit current
VOUT = 0 V
200
IREV
Reverse leakage current (5) (–IIN)
VEN ≤ 0.5 V, 0V ≤ VIN ≤ VOUT
0.1
10
IGND
GND pin current
IOUT = 10 mA (IQ)
400
550
IOUT = 150 mA
550
750
ISHDN
Shutdown current (IGND)
VEN ≤ 0.5 V, VOUT ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V,
–40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 100°C
0.02
1
μA
IFB
FB pin current (TPS73101)
0.1
0.3
μA
30
100
150
360
58
PSRR
Power-supply rejection ratio
(ripple rejection)
f = 10 kHz, IOUT = 150 mA
37
Vn
Output noise voltage
BW = 10Hz - 100kHz
COUT = 10 μF, No CNR
27 × VOUT
COUT = 10 μF, CNR = 0.01 μF
8.5 × VOUT
tSTR
Startup time
VEN(high)
EN pin high (enabled)
VEN(low)
EN pin low (shutdown)
IEN(high)
EN pin current (enabled)
TSD
Thermal shutdown temperature
TJ
Operating junction temperature
VOUT = 3 V, RL = 30 Ω
COUT = 1 μF, CNR = 0.01 μF
mV
Ω
0.25
f = 100 Hz, IOUT = 150 mA
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
%/mA
500
mA
mA
μA
μA
dB
μVRMS
μs
600
1.7
VIN
0
0.5
V
0.1
μA
VEN = 5.5V
0.02
Shutdown
Temp increasing
160
Reset
Temp decreasing
140
–40
V
°C
125
°C
Minimum VIN = VOUT + VDO or 1.7 V, whichever is greater.
TPS73101 is tested at VOUT = 2.5 V.
Tolerance of external resistors not included in this specification.
VDO is not measured for fixed output versions with VOUT(nom) < 1.8 V because minimum VIN = 1.7 V.
Fixed-voltage versions only; refer to Application Information for more information.
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6.6 Typical Characteristics
For all voltage versions at TJ= 25°C, VIN = VOUT(nom) + 0.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, VEN = 1.7 V, and COUT = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise
noted.
0.5
0.20
Referred to IOUT = 10 mA
0.4
Change in VOUT (%)
0.3
Change in VOUT (%)
Referred to VIN = VOUT + 0.5 V at IOUT = 10 mA
0.15
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
0.10
+25 °C
+125 °C
0.05
0
-0.05
-40 °C
-0.10
-0.3
-0.15
-0.4
-0.5
-0.20
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135 150
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
IOUT (mA)
Figure 1. Load Regulation
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Figure 2. Line Regulation
50
50
TPS73125DBV
+125 °C
40
30
+25 °C
20
10
40
VDO (mV)
VDO (mV)
2.0
VIN - VOUT (V)
0
30
60
90
120
30
20
10
-40 °C
0
TPS73125DBV
IOUT = 150 mA
0
-50
150
-25
0
25
50
75
100
IOUT (mA)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 3. Dropout Voltage vs Output Current
Figure 4. Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
30
18
I OUT = 10 mA
16
25
125
I OUT = 10 mA
All Voltage Versions
Percent of Units (%)
Percent of Units (%)
14
20
15
10
12
10
8
6
4
5
2
0
6
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-1.0
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0
VOUT Error (%)
Worst Case dVOUT/dT (ppm/°C)
Figure 5. Output Voltage Accuracy Histogram
Figure 6. Output Voltage Drift Histogram
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
700
700
600
600
500
500
IGND (mA)
IGND (mA)
For all voltage versions at TJ= 25°C, VIN = VOUT(nom) + 0.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, VEN = 1.7 V, and COUT = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise
noted.
400
300
200
IOUT = 150 mA
400
300
VIN = 5.5 V
VIN = 4 V
VIN = 2 V
200
VIN = 5.5 V
VIN = 4 V
VIN = 2 V
100
100
0
0
30
60
90
120
0
-50
150
-25
0
I OUT (mA)
Figure 7. Ground Pin Current vs Output Current
50
75
100
125
Figure 8. Ground Pin Current vs Temperature
1
400
TPS73133
VENABLE = 0.5 V
VIN = VO + 0.5 V
350
Output Current (mA)
IGND (mA)
25
Temperature (°C)
0.1
ICL
300
250
ISC
200
150
100
50
0.01
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
0
-0.5
125
0
0.5
Figure 9. Ground Pin Current in Shutdown vs Temperature
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Figure 10. Current Limit vs VOUT (Foldback)
500
500
450
450
400
400
Current Limit (mA)
Current Limit (mA)
1.0
Output Voltage (V)
Temperature (°C)
350
300
250
350
300
250
200
200
150
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
150
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
Temperature (°C)
VIN (V)
Figure 12. Current Limit vs Temperature
Figure 11. Current Limit vs VIN
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
For all voltage versions at TJ= 25°C, VIN = VOUT(nom) + 0.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, VEN = 1.7 V, and COUT = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise
noted.
90
40
IOUT = 100mA
COUT = Any
70
40
35
30
IOUT = 1mA
COUT = 10mF
60
50
IOUT = 1mA
COUT = 1mF
IO = 100mA
C O = 1m F
IOUT = 1mA
COUT = Any
30
20
0
VIN = VOUT + 1V
10
100
1k
10k
25
20
15
Frequency = 10kHz
COUT = 10mF
VOUT = 2.5V
IOUT = 100mA
10
IOUT = 100mA
COUT = 10mF
IOUT = Any
COUT = 0mF
10
PSRR (dB)
Ripple Rejection (dB)
80
5
0
100k
1M
0
10M
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
VIN - VOUT (V)
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 14. PSRR (Ripple Rejection) vs VIN – VOUT
Figure 13. PSRR (Ripple Rejection) vs Frequency
1
1
COUT = 0mF
0.1
COUT = 10 mF
eN (mV/√Hz)
eN (mV/√Hz)
C OUT = 1mF
COUT = 1mF
0.1
COUT = 0mF
COUT = 10mF
I OUT = 150 mA
0.01
0.01
10
100
1k
10k
100k
I OUT = 150 mA
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
1k
10k
100k
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 15. Noise Spectral Density CNR = 0 μF
Figure 16. Noise Spectral Density CNR = 0.01 μF
60
140
50
120
VOUT = 5.0 V
VOUT = 5.0 V
100
30
VN (RMS)
VN (RMS)
40
VOUT = 3.3 V
20
0.1
8
20
CNR = 0.01 mF
10 Hz < Frequency < 100 kHz
0
1
10
VOUT = 3.3 V
60
40
VOUT = 1.5 V
10
0
80
VOUT = 1.5 V
COUT = 0 mF
10 Hz < Frequency < 100 kHz
1p
10p
100p
1n
COUT (mF)
CNR (F)
Figure 17. RMS Noise Voltage vs COUT
Figure 18. RMS Noise Voltage vs CNR
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
For all voltage versions at TJ= 25°C, VIN = VOUT(nom) + 0.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, VEN = 1.7 V, and COUT = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise
noted.
VIN = 3.8 V
COUT = 0 mF
IOUT = 150 mA
40 mV/tick
VOUT
COUT = 0 mF
50 mV/div
VOUT
COUT = 1mF
40 mV/tick
VOUT
COUT = 10 mF
40 mV/tick
VOUT
COUT = 100 mF
50 mV/div
VOUT
dVIN
5.5 V
150 mA
= 0.5 V/ms
dt
IOUT
25 mA/tick
4.5 V
1 V/div
10 mA
VIN
10 ms/div
10 ms/div
Figure 19. TPS73133 Load Transient Response
RL = 1 kW
COUT = 0 mF
Figure 20. TPS73133 Line Transient Response
RL = 20W
COUT = 10 mF
VOUT
RL = 20 W
1 V/div C
O UT = 1mF
R L = 20 W
C OUT = 1 mF
1 V/div
RL = 1 kW
COUT = 0mF
RL = 20W
COUT = 10mF
VOUT
2V
2V
VEN
1 V/div
1 V/div
0V
0V
VEN
100ms/div
100ms/div
Figure 21. TPS73133 Turnon Response
Figure 22. TPS73133 Turnoff Response
10
6
5
VIN
4
VOUT
IENABLE (nA)
Volts
3
2
1
1
0.1
0
-1
0.01
-50
-2
50 ms/div
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
Temperature (°C)
Figure 23. TPS73133 Power Up and Power Down
Figure 24. IENABLE vs Temperature
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
60
160
55
140
50
120
45
100
IFB (nA)
VN (rms)
For all voltage versions at TJ= 25°C, VIN = VOUT(nom) + 0.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, VEN = 1.7 V, and COUT = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise
noted.
40
60
35
30
25
80
VOUT = 2.5 V
COUT = 0 mF
R1 = 39.2 kW
10 Hz < Frequency < 100 kHz
20
10p
100p
40
20
1n
10n
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
CFB (F)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 25. TPS73101 RMS Noise Voltage vs CFB
Figure 26. TPS73101 IFB vs Temperature
CFB = 10 nF
R1 = 39.2 kW
COUT = 0 mF
50 mV/div
VOUT
COUT = 0 mF
125
VOUT = 2.5 V
CFB = 10 nF
VOUT
100 mV/div
COUT = 10 mF
100 mV/div
COUT = 10 mF
50 mV/div
VOUT
VOUT
4.5 V
150 mA
3.5 V
VIN
10 mA
IOUT
25 ms/div
5 ms/div
Figure 27. TPS73101 Load Transient, Adjustable Version
10
Figure 28. TPS73101 Line Transient, Adjustable Version
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The TPS731xx family of low-dropout linear regulators operates down to an input voltage of 1.7 V and supports
output voltages down to 1.2 V while sourcing up to 150 mA of load current. This linear regulator uses an NMOS
pass element with an integrated 4-MHz charge pump to provide a dropout voltage of less than 100 mV at full
load current. This unique architecture also permits stable regulation over a wide range of output capacitors. In
fact, the TPS731xx family of devices does not require any output capacitor for stability. The increased
insensitivity to the output capacitor value and type makes this family of linear regulators an ideal choice when
powering a load where the effective capacitance is unknown.
The TPS731xx family of devices also features a noise reduction (NR) pin that allows for additional reduction of
the output noise. With a noise reduction capacitor of 0.01 µF connected from the NR pin to GND, the TPS73115
output noise can be as low as 12.75 µVRMS. The low noise output featured by the TPS731xx family makes it wellsuited for powering VCOs or any other noise sensitive load.
7.2 Functional Block Diagrams
IN
4-MHZ
Charge Pump
EN
Thermal
Protection
Ref
Servo
27 kW
Bandgap
Error
Amp
Current
Limit
OUT
8 kW
GND
R1
R1 + R2 = 80 kW
R2
NR
Figure 29. Fixed-Voltage Version
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TPS731
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www.ti.com
Functional Block Diagrams (continued)
IN
Standard 1%
Resistor Values for
Common Output Voltages
4-MHZ
Charge Pump
EN
Thermal
Protection
Ref
Servo
27 kW
Bandgap
Error
Amp
GND
80 kW
8 kW
R1
R2
1.2 V
Short
Open
1.5 V
23.2 kW
95.3kW
1.8 V
28.0 kW
56.2 kW
2.5 V
39.2kW
36.5 kW
2.8 V
44.2 kW
33.2 kW
3.0 V
46.4 kW
30.9 kW
3.3 V
52.3 kW
30.1 kW
NOTE: VOUT = (R1 + R2)/R2 × 1.204;
R1 ǁ R2 @ 19 kW for best
accuracy.
OUT
Current
Limit
VO
R1
FB
R2
Figure 30. Adjustable-Voltage Version
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Output Noise
A precision band-gap reference is used to generate the internal reference voltage, VREF. This reference is the
dominant noise source within the TPS731xx and it generates approximately 32 μVRMS (10 Hz to 100 kHz) at the
reference output (NR). The regulator control loop gains up the reference noise with the same gain as the
reference voltage, so that the noise voltage of the regulator is approximately given by Equation 1:
VOUT
(R1 ) R2)
V N + 32mVRMS
+ 32mVRMS
R2
VREF
(1)
Because the value of VREF is 1.2 V, this relationship reduces to Equation 2 for the case of no CNR.
ǒmVV Ǔ
V N(mVRMS) + 27
RMS
V OUT(V)
(2)
An internal 27-kΩ resistor in series with the noise reduction pin (NR) forms a low-pass filter for the voltage
reference when an external noise reduction capacitor, CNR, is connected from NR to ground. For CNR = 10 nF,
the total noise in the 10-Hz to 100-kHz bandwidth is reduced by a factor of approximately 3.2, giving the
approximate relationship shown in Equation 3 for CNR = 10 nF.
æ mV
ö
VN (mVRMS ) = 8.5 ç RMS ÷ ´ VOUT (V)
è V ø
(3)
This noise reduction effect is shown as RMS Noise Voltage vs CNR in Typical Characteristics.
The TPS73101 adjustable version does not have the NR pin available. However, connecting a feedback
capacitor, CFB, from the output to the feedback pin (FB) reduces output noise and improves load transient
performance.
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Feature Description (continued)
The TPS731xx uses an internal charge pump to develop an internal supply voltage sufficient to drive the gate of
the NMOS pass element above VOUT. The charge pump generates approximately 250 μV of switching noise at
approximately 4 MHz; however, charge-pump noise contribution is negligible at the output of the regulator for
most values of IOUT and COUT.
7.3.2 Internal Current Limit
The TPS731xx internal current limit helps protect the regulator during fault conditions. Foldback current limit
helps to protect the regulator from damage during output short-circuit conditions by reducing current limit when
VOUT drops below 0.5 V. See Figure 10.
Note from Figure 10 that approximately –0.2 V of VOUT results in a current limit of 0 mA. Therefore, if OUT is
forced below –0.2 V before EN goes high, the device may not start up. In applications that work with both a
positive and negative voltage supply, the TPS731xx should be enabled first.
7.3.3 Enable Pin and Shutdown
The enable pin (EN) is active high and is compatible with standard TTL-CMOS levels. A VEN below 0.5 V
(maximum) turns the regulator off and drops the GND pin current to approximately 10 nA. When EN is used to
shutdown the regulator, all charge is removed from the pass transistor gate, and the output ramps back up to a
regulated VOUT (see Figure 21).
When shutdown capability is not required, EN can be connected to VIN. However, the pass gate may not be
discharged using this configuration, and the pass transistor may be left on (enhanced) for a significant time after
VIN has been removed. This scenario can result in reverse current flow (if the IN pin is low impedance) and faster
ramp times upon power up. In addition, for VIN ramp times slower than a few milliseconds, the output may
overshoot upon power up.
The current limit foldback can prevent device start-up under some conditions. See Internal Current Limit.
7.3.4 Reverse Current
The NMOS pass element of the TPS731xx provides inherent protection against current flow from the output of
the regulator to the input when the gate of the pass device is pulled low. To ensure that all charge is removed
from the gate of the pass element, the EN pin must be driven low before the input voltage is removed. If this is
not done, the pass element may be left on due to stored charge on the gate.
After the EN pin is driven low, no bias voltage is needed on any pin for reverse current blocking. The reverse
current is specified as the current flowing out of the IN pin due to voltage applied on the OUT pin. There will be
additional current flowing into the OUT pin due to the 80-kΩ internal resistor divider to ground (see Figure 29 and
Figure 30).
For the TPS73101, reverse current may flow when VFB is more than 1.0 V above VIN.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Normal Operation With 1.7 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V and VEN ≥ 1.7 V
The TPS731xx family requires an input voltage of at least 1.7 V to function properly and attempt to maintain
regulation.
When operating the device near 5.5 V, take care to suppress any transient spikes that may exceed the 6.0-V
absolute maximum voltage rating. The device should never operate at a DC voltage greater than 5.5 V.
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The TPS731xx belongs to a family of new generation LDO regulators that use an NMOS pass transistor to
achieve ultra-low-dropout performance, reverse current blockage, and freedom from output capacitor constraints.
These features, combined with low noise and an enable input, make the TPS731xx ideal for portable
applications. This regulator family offers a wide selection of fixed output voltage versions and an adjustable
output version. All versions have thermal and over-current protection, including foldback current limit.
8.2 Typical Applications
Figure 31 shows the basic circuit connections for the fixed-voltage models. Figure 32 gives the connections for
the adjustable output version (TPS73101).
Optional input capacitor.
May improve source
impedance, noise, or PSRR.
VIN
Optional output capacitor.
May improve load transient,
noise, or PSRR.
IN
VOUT
OUT
TPS731xx
EN
GND
NR
ON
OFF
Optional bypass
capacitor to reduce
output noise.
Figure 31. Typical Application Circuit for Fixed-Voltage Versions
Optional input capacitor.
May improve source
impedance, noise, or PSRR.
VIN
IN
Optional output capacitor.
May improve load transient,
noise, or PSRR.
TPS73101
EN
OFF
VOUT
OUT
GND
R1
CFB
FB
ON
R2
VOUT =
(R1 + R2)
R2
x 1.204
Optional capacitor
reduces output noise
and improves
transient response.
Figure 32. Typical Application Circuit for Adjustable-Voltage Version
8.2.1 Design Requirements
R1 and R2 can be calculated for any output voltage using the formula shown in Figure 32. Sample resistor values
for common output voltages are shown in Figure 30.
For best accuracy, make the parallel combination of R1 and R2 approximately equal to 19 kΩ. This 19 kΩ, in
addition to the internal 8-kΩ resistor, presents the same impedance to the error amp as the 27-kΩ bandgap
reference output. This impedance helps compensate for leakages into the error amp terminals.
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.2.1 Input and Output Capacitor Requirements
Although an input capacitor is not required for stability, it is good analog design practice to connect a 0.1-μF to
1-μF, low ESR capacitor across the input supply near the regulator. This counteracts reactive input sources and
improves transient response, noise rejection, and ripple rejection. A higher-value capacitor may be necessary if
large, fast rise-time load transients are anticipated or the device is located several inches from the power source.
8.2.2.2 Dropout Voltage
The TPS731xx uses an NMOS pass transistor to achieve extremely low dropout. When (VIN – VOUT) is less than
the dropout voltage (VDO), the NMOS pass device is in its linear region of operation and the input-to-output
resistance is the RDS(on) of the NMOS pass element.
For large step changes in load current, the TPS731xx requires a larger voltage drop from VIN to VOUT to avoid
degraded transient response. The boundary of this transient dropout region is approximately twice the DC
dropout. Values of VIN – VOUT above this line insure normal transient response.
Operating in the transient dropout region can cause an increase in recovery time. The time required to recover
from a load transient is a function of the magnitude of the change in load current rate, the rate of change in load
current, and the available headroom (VIN to VOUT voltage drop). Under worst-case conditions [full-scale
instantaneous load change with (VIN – VOUT) close to DC dropout levels], the TPS731xx can take a couple of
hundred microseconds to return to the specified regulation accuracy.
8.2.2.3 Transient Response
The low open-loop output impedance provided by the NMOS pass element in a voltage follower configuration
allows operation without an output capacitor for many applications. As with any regulator, the addition of a
capacitor (nominal value 1 μF) from the output pin (OUT) to ground will reduce undershoot magnitude but
increase its duration. In the adjustable version, the addition of a capacitor, CFB, from the OUT pin to the FB pin
will also improve the transient response.
The TPS731xx does not have active pulldown when the output is overvoltage. This allows applications that
connect higher voltage sources, such as alternate power supplies, to the output. This also results in an output
overshoot of several percent if the load current quickly drops to zero when a capacitor is connected to the output.
The duration of overshoot can be reduced by adding a load resistor. The overshoot decays at a rate determined
by output capacitor COUT and the internal and external load resistance. The rate of decay is given by Equation 4
and Equation 5:
(Fixed-voltage version)
VOUT
dV / dt =
COUT ´ 80kW P RLOAD
(4)
(Adjustable-voltage version)
VOUT
dV / dt =
COUT ´ 80kW P (R1 + R2 ) P RLOAD
(5)
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.3 Application Curves
RL = 1 kW
COUT = 0 mF
RL = 20W
COUT = 10 mF
VOUT
RL = 20 W
1 V/div C
O UT = 1mF
R L = 20 W
C OUT = 1 mF
1 V/div
RL = 1 kW
COUT = 0mF
RL = 20W
COUT = 10mF
VOUT
2V
2V
VEN
1 V/div
1 V/div
0V
0V
100ms/div
100ms/div
Figure 33. TPS73133 Turnon Response
16
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Figure 34. TPS73133 Turnoff Response
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
These devices are designed to operate from an input voltage supply range between 1.7 V and 5.5 V. The input
voltage range provides adequate headroom in order for the device to have a regulated output. This input supply
must be well regulated. If the input supply is noisy, additional input capacitors with low ESR can help improve the
output noise performance.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
To improve AC performance such as PSRR, output noise, and transient response, it is recommended that the
PCB be designed with separate ground planes for VIN and VOUT, with each ground plane connected only at the
ground pin (GND) of the device. In addition, the ground connection for the bypass capacitor should connect
directly to the GND pin of the device.
Solder pad footprint recommendations for the TPS731xx are presented in Application Bulletin Solder Pad
Recommendations for Surface-Mount Devices (SBFA015), available from the TI website at www.ti.com.
10.2 Layout Example
VIN
GND
PLANE
VOUT
COUT
TPS731
CIN
R1
GND
PLANE
R2
EN
Figure 35. Example Layout (DBV Package)
10.3 Thermal Considerations
Thermal protection disables the output when the junction temperature rises to approximately 160°C, allowing the
device to cool. When the junction temperature cools to approximately 140°C, the output circuitry is again
enabled. Depending on power dissipation, thermal resistance, and ambient temperature, the thermal protection
circuit may cycle on and off. This limits the dissipation of the regulator, protecting it from damage due to
overheating.
Any tendency to activate the thermal protection circuit indicates excessive power dissipation or an inadequate
heatsink. For reliable operation, junction temperature should be limited to 125°C maximum. To estimate the
margin of safety in a complete design (including heatsink), increase the ambient temperature until the thermal
protection is triggered; use worst-case loads and signal conditions. For good reliability, thermal protection should
trigger at least 35°C above the maximum expected ambient condition of your application. This produces a worstcase junction temperature of 125°C at the highest expected ambient temperature and worst-case load.
The internal protection circuitry of the TPS731xx has been designed to protect against overload conditions. It
was not intended to replace proper heatsinking. Continuously running the TPS731xx into thermal shutdown
degrades device reliability.
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Thermal Considerations (continued)
10.3.1 Power Dissipation
The ability to remove heat from the die is different for each package type, presenting different considerations in
the PCB layout. The PCB area around the device that is free of other components moves the heat from the
device to the ambient air. Performance data for JEDEC low- and high-K boards are shown in the Thermal
Information table. Using heavier copper will increase the effectiveness in removing heat from the device.
Power dissipation depends on input voltage and load conditions. Power dissipation (PD) is equal to the product of
the output current times the voltage drop across the output pass element (VIN to VOUT):
PD = (VIN - VOUT ) ´ IOUT
(6)
Power dissipation can be minimized by using the lowest possible input voltage necessary to assure the required
output voltage.
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Device Support
11.1.1 Development Support
11.1.1.1 Spice Models
Computer simulation of circuit performance using SPICE is often useful when analyzing the performance of
analog circuits and systems. A SPICE model for the TPS731 is available through the product folders under Tools
& Software.
11.1.2 Device Nomenclature
Table 1. Device Nomenclature (1)
PRODUCT
VOUT
TPS731xx yyy z
(1)
xx is the nominal output voltage (for example, 25 = 2.5 V; 01 = Adjustable).
yyy is the package designator.
z is the tape and reel quantity (R = 3000, T = 250).
For the most current package and ordering information see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at www.ti.com.
11.2 Documentation Support
11.2.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation, see the following:
• Application report. Solder Pad Recommendations for Surface-Mount Devices. Literature number SBFA015.
11.3 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 2. Related Links
PARTS
PRODUCT FOLDER
SAMPLE & BUY
TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS
TOOLS &
SOFTWARE
SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
TPS73101
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS731125
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73115
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73118
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73125
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73130
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73131
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73132
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73133
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS73150
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
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11.4 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.5 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.7 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
30-Nov-2022
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
TPS73101DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
PWYQ
Samples
TPS73101DBVRG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
PWYQ
Samples
TPS73101DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
PWYQ
Samples
TPS73101DBVTG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
PWYQ
Samples
TPS731125DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
BYX
Samples
TPS731125DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
BYX
Samples
TPS73115DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T31
Samples
TPS73115DBVT
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T31
TPS73118DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T32
Samples
TPS73118DBVRG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T32
Samples
TPS73118DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T32
Samples
TPS73118DBVTG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T32
Samples
TPS73125DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
PHWI
Samples
TPS73125DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
PHWI
Samples
TPS73125DBVTG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
PHWI
Samples
TPS73130DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T33
Samples
TPS73130DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T33
Samples
TPS73131DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
BYS
Samples
TPS73131DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
BYS
Samples
TPS73132DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T52
Samples
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
Orderable Device
30-Nov-2022
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
TPS73132DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T52
Samples
TPS73133DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T34
Samples
TPS73133DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T34
Samples
TPS73133DBVTG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T34
Samples
TPS73150DBVR
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T35
Samples
TPS73150DBVRG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T35
Samples
TPS73150DBVT
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
T35
Samples
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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