TPS92830QPWRQ1

Product Folder Order Now Support & Community Tools & Software Technical Documents Reference Design TPS92830-Q1 SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 TPS92830-Q1 3-Channel High-Current Linear LED Controller 1 Features 3 Description • With the trend of better lighting homogeneity, highcurrent LEDs are often used in automotive front and rear lamps with lighting diffusers and light-guides. Meanwhile, in order to meet strict EMC and reliability requirements, linear LED drivers are popular in automotive applications. However, it is a challenge to deliver high current for linear LED drivers with integrated power transistors. The TPS92830-Q1 device is an advanced automotive-grade high-side constant-current linear LED controller for delivering high current using external N-channel MOSFETs. The device has a full set of features for automotive applications and is compatible with a wide selection of N-channel MOSFETs. 1 • • • • • • AEC-Q100 Qualified – Device Temperature Grade 1: –40°C to 125°C Ambient Operating Temperature Range – Device HBM ESD Classification Level H2 – Device CDM ESD Classification Level C4B Wide Voltage Input Range From 4.5 V to 40 V 3-Channel High-Side Current Driving and Sensing – Channel-Independent Current Setting – Channel-Independent PWM Inputs – PWM Dimming via Both PWM Inputs and Power Supply – Optimized Slew Rate for EMC High-Precision LED Driving – Precision Current Regulation With External NChannel MOSFET (2.5% Tolerance) – 20:1 Analog Dimming Profile With Off-Board Bin Resistor Support – Precision PWM Generator With Full DutyCycle Mask (2% Tolerance) – Open-Drain PWM Output for Synchronization Protection and Diagnostics – Adjustable Output Current Derating for External MOSFET Thermal Protection – Diagnostics for LED-String Open Circuit or Short Circuit With Auto Recovery – Diagnostic-Enable With Adjustable Threshold for Low-Voltage Operation – Fault Bus up to 15 Devices, Configurable As Either One-Fails–All-Fail or Only-FailedChannel-Off – Low Quiescent Current in Fault Mode ( T(TSD) On or off All channels turned off. Pulsed pullup retry of faulty channel. Constant-current pulldown t(OPEN_deg) All channels turned off. Pulsed pullup retry of faulty channel. Auto recover All channels turned off. Faulty channel pulsed pullup retry of faulty channel. All channels turned off. FAULT EXTERNALLY PULLED UP LED open-circuit LED short-toGND VISNx – V SENSEx < V(OPEN_th_rising) V SENSEx < V(SG_th_rising) On On LED short-tobattery V ISNx – V(SENSEx) < V(OPEN_th_rising) On or off Overtemperature TJ > T(TSD) On or off t(OPEN_deg) Only faulty channel turned off. Pulsed pullup retry of faulty channel. t(SG_deg) Only faulty channel turned off. Pulsed pullup retry of faulty channel. Externally pulled up with internal constant-current pulldown t(OPEN_deg) Auto recover Only faulty channel turned off. Pulsed pullup retry of faulty channel. All channels turned off. FAULT EXTERNALLY PULLED DOWN All outputs disabled 28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 TPS92830-Q1 www.ti.com SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 Table 4. Fault Table With DIAGEN = LOW FAULT TYPE DETECTION MECHANISM CHANNEL STATE DEGLITCH TIME FAULT BUS Ignored Ignored Ignored Ignored FAULT HANDLING ROUTINE FAULT RECOVERY Ignored Ignored FAULT FLOATING LED open-circuit LED short-toGND V(SENSEx) < V(SG_th_rising) On t(SG_deg) LED short-tobattery Ignored Ignored Ignored Overtemperature TJ > T(TSD) On or off Constant current pull down Ignored Constant current pull down All channels turned off. Pulsed Auto recover pullup retry of faulty channel. Ignored All channels turned off. Ignored Auto recover FAULT EXTERNALLY PULLED UP LED open-circuit Ignored Ignored Ignored LED short-toGND V(SENSEx) < V(SG_th_rising) On t(SG_deg) LED short-tobattery Ignored Ignored Ignored Overtemperature TJ > T(TSD) On or off Ignored Externally pulled up with internal constant current pulled down Ignored Externally pulled up with internal constant current pulled down Ignored Ignored Only faulty channel turned off. Pulsed pullup retry of faulty channel. Auto recover Ignored Ignored All channels turned off. Auto recover FAULT EXTERNALLY PULLED LOW All outputs disabled All outputs disabled All outputs disabled All outputs disabled All outputs disabled All outputs disabled All outputs disabled 8.4 Device Functional Modes 8.4.1 Undervoltage Lockout, V(IN) < V(UVLO) When the device is in undervoltage lockout mode, the TPS92830-Q1 device disables all functions until the supply rises above the UVLO-rising threshold. The device pulls down the Gx outputs. Other outputs are in the highimpedance state. 8.4.2 Normal Operation (V(IN) ≥ 4.5 V, V(IN) > V(LED) + 0.5 V) The device drives an LED string in normal operation. A 0.5-V minimal dropout voltage is typically more than enough to maintain LED current regulation. 8.4.3 Low-Voltage Dropout When the device drives an LED string in low-dropout mode, even with the MOSFETs fully turned on the output current may not reach target value. The device reports an LED open-circuit failure if DIAGEN is HIGH. 8.4.4 Fault Mode (Fault Is Detected) When the device detects an open or shorted LED, the device tries to pull down the FAULT pin with a constant current. If the fault bus is pulled down, the device switches to fault mode and consumes a fault current of I(FAULT). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 29 TPS92830-Q1 SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 www.ti.com 9 Application and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 9.1 Application Information In automotive applications, linear LED drivers are preferable for various applications, especially exterior lighting, for their simplicity and electromagnetic compatibility. This section provides a few examples to show the design process for different features. 9.2 Typical Applications 9.2.1 Typical Application for Automotive Exterior Lighting With One-Fails–All-Fail Various functions of exterior lighting may use the following circuit. Here is a typical application circuit for a turn indicator. A TPS92830-Q1 drives a total of nine LEDs with 3s3p configuration at 300 mA each. Figure 31. TPS92830-Q1 Typical Application Circuit For Automotive Exterior Lighting 9.2.1.1 Design Requirements With the wide range of battery voltages in modern automotive systems, it is a common requirement among car OEMs to turn LEDs off when the battery voltage is below the minimal voltage threshold, for example, 6 V. When the battery voltage is between 6 V and 9 V, LEDs may not achieve full brightness due to low input voltage. Although a linear LED driver may drive in low-dropout mode, it is required not to treat the low-dropout mode as an open-circuit fault and to report a false error. 30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 TPS92830-Q1 www.ti.com SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 Typical Applications (continued) When battery voltage ranges between 9 V and 16 V, the LED driver works in normal mode with the one-fails–allfail feature. If any LED strings fail with an open circuit or short circuit, the TPS92830-Q1 device pulls down the fault bus. All devices connected to the same fault bus turn off their outputs. When the battery voltage is above 18 V, the TPS92830-Q1 device is able to detect the overvoltage and derate the output current to reduce the power dissipation of the MOSFETs and prevent thermal damage. 9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure Fixed Parameters • Charge pump flying capacitor C6 = 10 nF • Charge pump flying capacitor C8 = 10 nF • R(IREF) = 8 kΩ • Charge pump storage capacitor C10 = 150 nF Current Setting • I(LED) = 300 mA • R(SNS)= V(CS_REG) / I(LED) = 0.983 Ω PWM Threshold Setting • PWM enables when V(IN) > 6 V • K(RES_PWM) = VIH(PWMx, max) / 6 V • K(RES_PWM) = R15 / (R15 + R8) • Set R15 = 20 kΩ, R8 = 76 kΩ DiagEN Setting (Enables LED-Open Detection When V(IN) > 9 V • K(RES_DiagEN) = VIH(DIAGEN, max) / 9 V • K(RES_DiagEn) = R13 / (R6 + R13) • Set R13 = 10 kΩ, R6 = 62 kΩDiagEN setting DERATE Setting (Reduces Current Output When V(IN) > 18 V • K(RES_DERATE) = V(DERATE_FULL, min) / 18 V • K(RES_DERATE) = R7 / (R7+ R14) • Set R7 = 10 kΩ, R14 = 95 kΩ To deliver 300 mA with a single MOSFET package, the designer must consider the maximum thermal-dissipation condition. The power dissipation of a MOSFET is usually at its peak when input voltage is at 16 V in a fullbrightness condition. Assume the minimal LED forward voltage at 300 mA is 6 V. P MOSFET I LED u V IN VF Diode VF LED,min V CS _ REG 300mA u (16 0.7 6 0.295) 2.702W (10) MOSFET package and layout design must be considered to dissipate 2.702 W at maximum ambient temperature, usually 85°C. The TPS92830 device can support a variety of N-channel MOSFETs in the markets. Adding a capacitor between the gate and source increases the loop phase margin. The recommended total capacitance at Gx is greater than 4 nF. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 31 TPS92830-Q1 SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.1.3 Application Curves Ch. 1 = V(IN) Ch. 4 = I(OUT2) Ch .2 = V(FAULT) IN HIGH = 14 V, LOW = 0 V, with reverse blocking diode Ch. 3 = V(SENSE2) Pulse duration = 300 µs, period = 2 ms Figure 32. BCM PWM Dimming Curve 9.2.2 High-Precision Dual-Brightness PWM Generation 9.2.2.1 Dual-Brightness Application Automotive lighting often reuses the same LEDs for different functions with different brightness, for example, daytime running lights (DRL) and position lights, or stop and tail lights. Analog dimming by changing the constant current may affect LED color temperature. PWM dimming could easily achieve the dimming ratio with the same color temperature. The TPS92830-Q1 device provides a precision PWM generator with a synchronization PWMOUT output. Its integrated high-precision PWM generator ensures homogeneity across different devices. 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 TPS92830-Q1 www.ti.com SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 Typical Applications (continued) SUPPLY TPS92830-Q1 TPS92830-Q1 IN IN ISP CPOUT ISP CPOUT RSNS1 ISN1 CP2P CP2N CP2P CP2N MN1 CP1P G1 PWM RPWM MN1 CP1P G1 CP1N FD RSNS1 ISN1 CP1N SENSE1 SENSE1 FD FD PWM1 PWMOUT PWMx IREF IREF PWMCHG PWMCHG FAULT FAULT CPWM Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 33. PWM Generator Master-Slave Configuration 9.2.2.2 Design Requirements When full duty-cycle (FD) is HIGH, the output is at 100% duty cycle. When full duty-cycle (FD) is LOW, the output is at 10% duty cycle and 250 Hz. 9.2.2.3 Detailed Design Procedure PWM Equations • RPU = 10 kΩ • CPWM = 105.5 nF • RPWM = 55.5 kΩ Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 33 TPS92830-Q1 SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.2.4 Application Curve Ch. 1 = V(PWMCHG) Ch. 4 = I(OUT2_1) Ch. 2 = V(PWMOUT) Ch. 3 = I(OUT1_1) Ch. 1 = V(PWMCHG) Ch. 4 = I(OUT2_1) Figure 34. Dual Brightness With Integrated High-Precision PWM Generator at Full Duty-cycle Ch. 2 = V(PWMOUT) Ch. 3 = I(OUT1_1) Figure 35. Dual Brightness With Integrated High-Precision PWM Generator at 10% Duty-cycle 9.2.3 Driving High-Current LEDs With Parallel MOSFETs Thermal performance is one key consideration in automotive exterior driving, especially for a linear LED driver. Due to large variations of automotive battery voltage, a linear LED driver must accommodate thermal dissipation with a worst-case scenario, which is high ambient temperature and high battery voltage. LED driver thermal dissipation performance merely depends on the package and PCB thermal dissipation area. However, if the thermal dissipation performance of a single MOSFET is not able to support the required LED string current, multiple MOSFETs in parallel are able to dissipate heat for high-current applications. When a MOSFET is in the saturation region as a current-control device, its current output strongly depends on its threshold. MOSFET threshold Vth can vary from one device to another. When MOSFETs are in parallel, even a small threshold mismatch could lead to imbalance of current distribution. With an integrated charge pump, the TPS92830-Q1 device provides sufficient headroom even when the supply voltage is as low as 5 V. Thus adding ballast resistors between the N-channel MOSFET source and the LED string introduces negative feedback for each parallel MOSFET path to balance the current flows. Table 5. Thermal Measurement of Parallel MOSFETs 34 WITHOUT CURRENT BALLAST Resistor WITH 1-Ω BALLAST RESISTOR WITH 3-Ω BALLAST RESISTOR MOSFET1 Temperature (ºC) 105.7 85.3 85.9 MOSFET2 Temperature (ºC) 76.1 82.8 84.2 MOSFET3 Temperature (ºC) 84.8 87.6 85.3 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 TPS92830-Q1 www.ti.com SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 V(IN)= 16 V, I(Total) = 964 mA, TA= 25 ºC. SUPPLY TPS92830-Q1 IN ISP RSNSx ISNx MN1 MN2 MN3 Gx FAULT SENSEx GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 36. Parallel MOSFET Driving 9.2.3.1 Application Curves Without Ballast Resistors With 1-W Ballast Resistors With 3-W Ballast Resistors Figure 37. Thermal Images of Parallel MOSFETs With Various Ballast Resistors Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 35 TPS92830-Q1 SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 www.ti.com 10 Layout 10.1 Layout Guidelines The TPS92830-Q1 device relies on external MOSFETs to dissipate heat for high-current applications. To effectively dissipate heat on MOSFETs and LEDs, TI recommends to use 0.071-mm-thick (2-oz.) copper PCBs or metal-based boards. Make the thermal dissipation area with copper as large as possible. Place thermal vias on the thermal dissipation area to further improve the thermal dissipation capability. The current path starts from IN through the sense-resistors, MOSFETs, and LEDs to GND. Wide traces are helpful to reduce parasitic resistance along the current path as shown in the layout example below. Place capacitors, especially charge pump capacitors, close to the device to make the current path as short as possible. TI suggests keeping the LED high-current ground path separate from device ground. TI also recommends kelvin-connection to the connector. The following layout example shows the recommended guidelines. 10.2 Layout Example IN TPS92830-Q1 1 CP1P ISP 28 2 CP1N ISN1 27 3 GND G1 26 4 CP2N SENSE1 25 5 CP2P ISN2 24 6 CPOUT G2 23 7 IN SENSE2 22 ISN3 21 GND DIAGEN 8 DIAGEN 9 DERATE DERATE G3 20 PWM1 SENSE3 19 PWM1 10 11 PWM2 PWM3 FD PWM2 PWMOUT 18 12 PWM3 FAULT 17 13 FD PWMCHG 16 14 ICTRL IREF 15 Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 38. TPS92830-Q1 Example Layout Diagram 36 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 TPS92830-Q1 www.ti.com SLIS178B – OCTOBER 2017 – REVISED JANUARY 2018 11 Device and Documentation Support 11.1 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document. 11.2 Community Resources The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use. TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help solve problems with fellow engineers. Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and contact information for technical support. 11.3 Trademarks E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments. 11.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. 11.5 Glossary SLYZ022 — TI Glossary. This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the mostcurrent data available for the designated device. This data is subject to change without notice and without revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, see the left-hand navigation pane. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS92830-Q1 37 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Dec-2020 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead finish/ Ball material MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (3) (4/5) (6) TPS92830QPWRQ1 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 125 TPS92830 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may reference these types of products as "Pb-Free". RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption. Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of