TURBO-ENCO-XM-UT3

ispLever CORE TM Turbo Encoder User’s Guide November 2008 ipug08_04.4 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Introduction This document contains technical information about the Lattice Turbo Encoder IP core. Turbo coding is an advanced error correction technique widely used in the communications industry. The Turbo Encoder IP Core offered by Lattice is compliant with three different standards: 3GPP, 3GPP2 and CCSDS. The Turbo Encoder core comes with the following documentation and files: • User’s Guide • Lattice evaluation gate level netlist • Evaluation model for simulation • Core instantiation template • Testbench and testbench coding template Core Specification Features • Fully compatible with Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard: – 3GPP TS 25.212 Version 4.2.0 • Fully compatible with Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) standard: – 3GPP2 C.S0002-A • Fully compatible with Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems standard: – CCSDS 101.0-B-5 • Configurable input block sizes • User defined number of states • User parameterized forward and backward polynomials • Programmable puncturing support • Fixed processing delay of 12 cycles for CCSDS, 10 cycles for 3GPP, and 9 cycles for 3GPP2 General Description Turbo encoders and decoders are key elements in today’s communication systems to achieve the best possible data reception with least possible errors. Lattice’s Turbo Encoder IP Core is compliant with three different standards: 3GPP, 3GPP2, and CCSDS. The 3GPP and 3GPP2 standards are widely used in WCDMA and MC-CDMA applications while CCSDS is most commonly used in telemetry and space communications. Each one of these encoders is a separate entity as the interleaver and control logic for each encoder is completely different. Lattice’s Turbo Encoder core is created in conjunction with the Turbo Decoder core to provide users with a state of the art error correction technique. For more information on Lattice products, refer to the Lattice website at www.latticesemi.com. 2 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Block Diagram Figure 1. Turbo Encoder Internal Block Diagram Encoder 1 din Dual Port Ram Encoder 2 Puncturing and Multiplexing Interleaver blocksize cfgset Control Module rfno inpvalid rfo rfi Signal Description Figure 2. Turbo Encoder I/O Diagram blocksize dout din rfo inpvalid rfno rfi Turbo Encoder cfgset rstn sr clk 3 dout Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Table 1. Turbo Encoder Signal Definitions Port Name I/O Type Width Signal Description clk Input 1 System Clock rstn Input 1 Active Low Asynchronous Reset sr Input 1 Synchronous Reset din Input 1 Data Input dout Output 1 Data Output cfgset Input 1 Interleaver initialization. blocksize on input pins is accepted when this signal is asserted. inpvalid Input 1 Enables the encoder to read the data at din when asserted. blocksize Input 13-15 Block size up to 20730 bits can be set depending on the configuration. Block size ranges: 3GPP: 40-5114 3GPP2: 378-20730 CCSDS: 1784, 3568, 7136, 8920 rfi Output 1 This signal is asserted when the encoder is ready to read from din. It is de-asserted one clock cycle before the last input data is read in. rfno Input 1 Asserted to indicate successful reading of encoded data from dout. rfo Output 1 When asserted encoded data is ready and available at dout. User Configurable Parameters User configurable parameters for each standard are shown below in Table 2. These parameters are configured using IPexpress™, included with Lattice’s ispLEVER® design tools. Table 2. User Configurable Parameters Parameter Encoder Type Number of States 3GPP 3GPP2 CCSDS THREE_GPP THREE_GPP2 CCSDS 8 8 16 Forward Polynomial for Encoder 1 N/A Default: 1101 Default: 11011 Reverse Polynomial for Encoder 1 N/A Default: 1011 Default: 10011 Forward Polynomial for Encoder 2 N/A Default: 1101 Default: 11011 Reverse Polynomial for Encoder 2 N/A Default: 1011 Default: 10011 Code Rate 1/3 Range: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 Default: 1/3 Range: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6 Default: 1/3 Default: 5114 Range: 4096-20730 Default: 20730 Range: 1784, 3568, 7136, 8920 Default: 8920 N/A N/A Values: Yes or No Default: No Maximum Block Size Fixed Block Size 4 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Functional Description The Turbo Encoder functions as a slave device with respect to the input source, which applies the inputs to the encoder, as well as the output source, which takes the encoded data from the encoder. Data is fed through two recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) encoders. Each RSC encoder contains the same structure but operates on two different versions of data. The first encoder operates on an original copy of data, whereas the second encoder operates on an “interleaved” version of data. Interleaving is the method in which bits are rearranged according to a predefined algorithm. The Lattice Turbo Encoder IP Core consists of four different modules: Control Module, Dual Port RAM, Encoder Module and Interleaver Module. Control Module The control module takes care of the handshake and control signals necessary for communication between the various blocks and I/O pins. The block size is determined by the user and input into the control module. Signal cfgset enables the data on blocksize to be latched into the encoder. In order for a change in blocksize to be recognized, cfgset must be asserted. Control signals rfi and rfo are generated to indicate when the Turbo Encoder is ready to accept new data and ready to output encoded data. rfi is an active high signal and is activated only when the encoder is ready to accept data. Once rfi goes low, rfo is asserted after a fixed processing delay to output encoded data. After data on din is valid, signal inpvalid can be asserted by the user to allow the encoder to read data. inpvalid should be asserted only when rfi is high except for the last data to be input. In the same manner signal rfno should be asserted by the user to read encoded data only when rfo is high. Signal sr can be used to reinitialize the Turbo Encoder in the middle of a block processing. This can be done at any point of time during the operation of the encoder. If sr is asserted it should be followed by an initialization of cfgset to specify the blocksize and start the encoding process all over again. Input signal rstn is an asynchronous reset. This clears all the flip-flops in the design. Dual Port RAM and Interleaver Module The dual port RAM module stores the incoming data block. Each memory size is equal to the data block size. After the encoder receives all the data in a block, the interleaving process begins. The interleaver module is required to randomize the bit positions in the block. The interleaver is a mapping between input and output bit positions and involves a predefined algorithm that changes the position of the bits. This algorithm is implemented in the interleaver module. Interleaving begins once a full block of data is received and stored into the dual port RAM. All computation needed for interleaving is completed before any data comes in. A copy of the incoming data goes directly to the first encoder while an interleaved copy goes to the second encoder. The Lattice Turbo Encoder IP Core has a fixed processing delay which is smaller than most competing solutions. Once the data is received, the encoder is ready (after the fixed processing delay) to output the encoded data. The processing delay is not dependent on the block size selected. Encoder Module The encoder module consists of two recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) encoders. At the output of the two encoders is a multiplexer, which selects the output from different paths depending upon the output rate specified. If non-standard forward and reverse feedback connections are required, they may be implemented in the encoder by user-defined forward and reverse polynomials. 5 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Code Rate (Puncturing and Termination) Code rate is defined as the ratio of number of data bits to the total number of bits in the output of the encoder. In turbo codes, puncturing can increase the code rate. A puncturing pattern defines the position of parity bits to be omitted from the encoded stream. At the decoder, knowledge of this pattern enables de-puncturing. The Turbo Encoder IP Core supports programmable puncturing. In turbo codes Convolutional Code Termination is used so data can be treated in a block-by-block fashion. After the data block has been encoded special termination bits are inserted in the encoder to initialize its state to an all zero state. During termination, output bits are appended to the data stream, and thus the “actual” code rate is slightly less than the nominal rate. Termination bits in the output stream are not punctured in order to enable the decoder state initialization. Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate the timing specifications of the Turbo Encoder IP Core. Figure 3 shows the Turbo Encoder signals after an asynchronous reset and a new block size input. The signal cfgset is asserted high when the block size information is placed on blocksize port. The encoder asserts rfi to indicate that it is ready to accept new data. Then the user places data on din port and also pulls inpvalid high to indicate the presence of a valid data to the encoder. After the encoder receives all but one data in a block, it deasserts rfi signal. The user can only place one more new data after the encoder de-asserts rfi. After the rfi goes low, the encoder takes a fixed number of clock cycles (tagged as “processing delay” in the figure) before it can output the encoded data. The encoder asserts rfo to signify the availability of encoded data at the output. The first encoded data is then read out by the user. As the rfno remains high in the following cycles, the encoder continues to output successive data. Figure 3. Turbo Encoder After Reset and First Data Block Input clk rstn sr cfgset blocksize rfi inpvalid din rfo rfno dout processing delay 6 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Figure 4 shows the handshaking signals during a discontinuous input and output data flow. In the figure the signal inpvalid is de-asserted to signify the data on din is not valid. Similarly, the signal rfno is de-asserted to indicate the user is not ready to read the next data. The encoder suspends giving out new data due to this. Figure 4. Handshake Signals for Discontinuous Data Flow clk rstn sr cfgset blocksize rfi inpvalid din rfo rfno dout processing delay Figure 5 depicts the case when signal sr is used. Signal sr is used to reinitialize the Turbo Encoder and can be done at any point of time during the operation of the encoder. When sr is asserted, signal cfgset is then asserted to specify the blocksize and start the encoding process all over again. Figure 5. Turbo Encoder with Synchronous Reset clk rstn sr cfgset blocksize rfi inpvalid din rfo rfno dout processing delay 7 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide IPexpress User-Configurable Core The Turbo Encoder core is an IPexpress User-Configurable IP core, which allows designers to configure the IP and generate netlists as well as simulation files for use in designs. The IPexpress flow also supports a hardware evaluation capability, making it possible to create versions of the IP core that operate in hardware for a limited period of time without requiring the purchase of an IP license. To download a full evaluation version of this IP core, please go to the Lattice IP Server tab in the ispLEVER IPexpress GUI window. All ispLeverCORE™ IP cores available for download are visible on this tab. Reference Information • ispLEVER Software Online Help Manual The Lattice Turbo Encoder IP Core is compliant with three standards: 3GPP, 3GPP2 and CCSDS. More information about each standard can be referenced at the following locations. • The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (www.3gpp.org) provides specifications to 3GPP TS 25.212 v4.2.0 (2001-09) standards. • The 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (www.3gpp2.org) provides specifications to 3GPP2 C.S0002-A standards. • The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (www.ccsds.org) provides specifications to CCSDS 101.0B-5 standards. Technical Support Assistance Hotline: 1-800-LATTICE (North America) +1-503-268-8001 (Outside North America) e-mail: techsupport@latticesemi.com Internet: www.latticesemi.com Revision History Date Version — — November 2006 04.1 Change Summary Previous Lattice releases. Added support for LatticeECP2, LatticeXP and LatticeSC FPGA families. December 2006 04.2 Updated appendices. Added support for LatticeECP2M FPGA family. June 2007 04.3 Updated appendices. Added support for LatticeXP2 FPGA family. November 2008 04.4 Updated appendices. 8 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for Series 4 ORCA® FPGAs and FPSCs Table 3. Performance and Utilization1 Parameter File turbo_enco_o4_1_001.lpc Mode Parameters ORCA4 PFUs LUTs Registers PIO EBR fMAX 3GPP See Table 1 328 1774 694 23 1 62 MHz turbo_enco_o4_1_002.lpc 3GPP2 See Table 1 107 555 324 25 3 70 MHz turbo_enco_o4_1_003.lpc CCSDS See Table 1 97 250 393 24 2 66 MHz 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated targeting an OR4E02-2BA352 in ispLEVER ® 3.0 software. Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting ORCA Series 4 devices is TURBO-ENCO-O4-N1. Table 3 lists the netlists that are available in Evaluation Package, which can be downloaded from the Lattice web site at www.latticesemi.com. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. Table 4. IP Core Configurations Configuration Blkwidth StandBlkSizeFix EncoderType Rate 3GPP (config 1) 3GPP2 (config 2) CCSDS (config 3) 13 15 14 NA NA 0 3GPP 3GPP2 CCSDS 1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 1 FWDNUM STATENUM 8 8 16 5114 20730 8920 E1_FWD_Poly1 NA 1101 11011 E1_FWD_Poly2 NA NA NA E1_FWD_Poly3 NA NA NA E2_FWD_Poly1 NA 1101 11011 E2_FWD_Poly2 NA NA NA E2_FWD_Poly3 NA NA NA E1_REV_Poly1 NA 1101 10011 E2_REV_Poly1 NA 1101 10011 MAXBLKSIZE FWD_Poly1 1101 NA NA FWD_Poly2 NA NA NA FEW_Poly3 NA NA NA REV_Poly1 1011 NA NA USE_GSR 1 1 1 Table 4 lists some configurations available for the Turbo Encoder IP core. These configurations are IPexpress UserConfigurable for LatticeECP/EC, LatticeECP2™, LatticeECP2M™, LatticeXP™, and LatticeSC™ devices. Using IPexpress, any configuration can be generated for these device families. 9 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for ispXPGA® FPGAs Table 5. Performance and Resource Utilization1 Parameter File Mode Parameters ispXPGA PFUs LUTs Registers PIO EBR fMAX turbo_enco_xp_1_001.lpc 3GPP See Table 4 469 1222 550 23 6 61MHz turbo_enco_xp_1_002.lpc 3GPP2 See Table 4 268 780 354 25 6 64MHz turbo_enco_xp_1_003.lpc CCSDS See Table 4 208 432 436 24 4 93MHz 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated targeting an LFX500B-04F516C in Lattice ispLEVER 3.x software. The evaluation version of this IP core only works on this specific device density, package, and speed grade Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting ispXPGA devices is TURBO-ENCO-XP-N1. Table 5 lists the netlists that are available in Evaluation Package, which can be downloaded from the Lattice web site at www.latticesemi.com. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. 10 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for LatticeECP™ and LatticeEC™ FPGAs Table 6. Performance and Resource Utilization1 Parameter File Registers I/Os sysMEM EBRs fMAX (MHz) SLICEs LUTs 3GPP 692 1363 452 23 4 99 3GPP2 352 678 320 25 4 123 CCSDS 263 492 384 24 2 177 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated using LFECP20E-5F672C, with Lattice's ispLEVER 7.1 SP1 software. When using this IP core in a different density, speed, or grade within the LatticeECP/EC family, performance and utilization may vary. Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting LatticeECP devices is TURBO-ENCO-E2-U3. Table 4 lists the parameter settings that are available for the Turbo Encoder. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. 11 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for LatticeECP2™ FPGAs Table 7. Performance and Resource Utilization1 Parameter File Registers I/Os sysMEM EBRs fMAX (MHz) SLICEs LUTs 3GPP 691 1365 450 23 4 135 3GPP2 356 686 322 25 2 202 CCSDS 275 516 378 24 1 256 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated using LFE2-20E-7F672C, with Lattice's ispLEVER 7.1 SP1 software. When using this IP core in a different density, speed, or grade within the LatticeECP2 family, performance and utilization may vary. Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting LatticeECP2 devices is TURBO-ENCO-P2-U3. Table 4 lists the parameter settings that are available for the Turbo Encoder. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. 12 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for LatticeECP2M™ FPGAs Table 8. Performance and Resource Utilization1 Parameter File Registers I/Os sysMEM EBRs fMAX (MHz) SLICEs LUTs 3GPP 691 1365 450 23 4 143 3GPP2 356 686 322 25 2 204 CCSDS 275 516 378 24 1 246 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated using LFE2M-35E-7F484C, with Lattice's ispLEVER 7.1 SP1 software. When using this IP core in a different density, speed, or grade within the LatticeECP2M family, performance and utilization may vary. Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting LatticeECP2M devices is TURBO-ENCO-PM-U3. Table 4 lists the parameter settings that are available for the Turbo Encoder. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. 13 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for LatticeXP™ FPGAs Table 9. Performance and Resource Utilization1 Parameter File Registers I/Os sysMEM EBRs fMAX (MHz) SLICEs LUTs 3GPP 692 1363 452 23 4 94 3GPP2 352 678 320 25 2 123 CCSDS 263 492 384 24 1 177 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated using LFXP20E-5F484C, with Lattice's ispLEVER 7.1 SP1 software. When using this IP core in a different density, speed, or grade within the LatticeXP family, performance and utilization may vary. Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting LatticeXP devices is TURBO-ENCO-XM-U3. Table 4 lists the parameter settings that are available for the Turbo Encoder. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. 14 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for LatticeXP2™ FPGAs Table 10. Performance and Resource Utilization1 Parameter File Registers I/Os sysMEM EBRs fMAX (MHz) SLICEs LUTs 3GPP 691 1365 450 23 4 119 3GPP2 356 686 322 25 2 176 CCSDS 275 516 378 24 1 222 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated using LFXP2-17E-7F484C, with Lattice's ispLEVER 7.1 SP1 software. When using this IP core in a different density, speed, or grade within the LatticeXP family, performance and utilization may vary. Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting LatticeXP2 devices is TURBO-ENCO-X2-U3. Table 4 lists the parameter settings that are available for the Turbo Encoder. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. 15 Lattice Semiconductor Turbo Encoder User’s Guide Appendix for LatticeSC™ FPGAs Table 11. Performance and Resource Utilization1 Parameter File Registers I/Os sysMEM EBRs fMAX (MHz) SLICEs LUTs 3GPP 691 1349 448 23 4 184 3GPP2 361 690 322 25 2 220 CCSDS 275 516 386 24 1 325 1. Performance and utilization characteristics are generated using LFSC3GA25E-7F900C, with Lattice's ispLEVER 7.1 SP1 software. When using this IP core in a different density, speed, or grade within the LatticeSC family, performance and utilization may vary. Ordering Part Number The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for all configurations of the Turbo Encoder core targeting LatticeSC devices is TURBO-ENCO-SC-U3. Table 4 lists the parameter settings that are available for the Turbo Encoder. You can use the IPexpress software tool to help generate new configurations of this IP core. IPexpress is the Lattice IP configuration utility, and is included as a standard feature of the ispLEVER design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress can be found in the IPexpress and ispLEVER help system. For more information on the ispLEVER design tools, visit the Lattice web site at: www.latticesemi.com/software. 16