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LTC4267IGN-3#TRPBF

LTC4267IGN-3#TRPBF

  • 厂商:

    LINEAR(凌力尔特)

  • 封装:

    SSOP16_4.9X3.9MM

  • 描述:

    Power Over Ethernet Controller 1 Channel 802.3af (PoE) 16-SSOP

  • 数据手册
  • 价格&库存
LTC4267IGN-3#TRPBF 数据手册
LTC4267-3 Power over Ethernet IEEE 802.3af PD Interface with Integrated Switching Regulator Description Features Complete Power Interface Port for IEEE 802®.3af Powered Device (PD) nn Onboard 100V, UVLO Switch nn Constant-Frequency 300kHz Operation nn Precision Dual Level Inrush Current Limit nn Integrated Current Mode Switching Regulator nn Onboard 25k Signature Resistor with Disable nn Programmable Classification Current (Class 0-4) nn Thermal Overload Protection nn Power Good Signal nn Integrated Error Amplifier and Voltage Reference nn Low Profile 16-Pin SSOP or DFN Packages The LTC®4267-3 combines an IEEE 802.3af compliant Powered Device (PD) interface with a 300kHz current mode switching regulator, providing a complete power solution for PD applications. The LTC4267-3 integrates the 25k signature resistor, classification current source, thermal overload protection, signature disable and power good signal along with an undervoltage lockout optimized for use with the IEEE-required diode bridge. The LTC4267-3 provides an increased operational current limit, maximizing power available for class 3 applications. nn Applications IP Phone Power Management Wireless Access Points nn Security Cameras nn Power over Ethernet nn nn L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and LTPoE++ is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Typical Application The 300kHz current mode switching regulator provides higher output power or smaller external size compared to its lower frequency counterparts. The LTC4267-3 is designed for driving a 6V rated N-channel MOSFET and features programmable slope compensation, soft-start, and constant-frequency operation, minimizing noise even with light loads. The LTC4267-3 includes an onboard error amplifier and voltage reference allowing use in both isolated and nonisolated configurations. The LTC4267-3 is available in a space saving, low profile 16-pin SSOP or DFN packages. Class 2 PD with 3.3V Isolated Power Supply SBM1040 PA1133 –48V FROM DATA PAIR 10k + HD01 VPORTP – SMAJ58A + HD01 – PVCC PWRGD LTC4267-3 NGATE 0.1µF –48V FROM SPARE PAIR 3.3V 1.5A SENSE RCLASS 68.1Ω 1% RCLASS ITH/RUN + PVCC 4.7µF PGND VPORTN POUT • 5µF MIN • 320µF MIN CHASSIS Si3440 10k PVCC 0.1Ω 470Ω 6.8k VFB SIGDISA + 22nF 100k BAS516 PS2911 TLV431 60.4k 42671 TA01 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 1 LTC4267-3 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) VPORTN with Respect to VPORTP Voltage... 0.3V to –100V POUT, SIGDISA, PWRGD Voltage......................VPORTN + 100V to VPORTN –0.3V PVCC to PGND Voltage (Note 2) Low Impedance Source............................ –0.3V to 8V Current Fed...........................................5mA into PVCC RCLASS Voltage.................VPORTN + 7V to VPORTN – 0.3V PWRGD Current......................................................10mA RCLASS Current.....................................................100mA NGATE to PGND Voltage............................–0.3V to PVCC VFB, ITH/RUN to PGND Voltages................ –0.3V to 3.5V SENSE to PGND Voltage............................... –0.3V to 1V NGATE Peak Output Current ( VITHSHDN AND PVCC > VTURNON (NOMINALLY 8.7V) LTC4267-3 PWM ENABLED 42673 F08 Figure 8. LTC4267-3 Switching Regulator Start-Up/Shutdown State Diagram The undervoltage lockout mechanism on PVCC prevents the LTC4267-3 switching regulator from trying to drive the external N-Channel MOSFET with insufficient gate-tosource voltage. The voltage at the PVCC pin must exceed VTURNON (nominally 8.7V with respect to PGND) at least momentarily to enable operation. The PVCC voltage must fall to VTURNOFF (nominally 5.7V with respect to PGND) before the undervoltage lockout disables the switching regulator. This wide UVLO hysteresis range supports applications where a bias winding on the flyback transformer is used to increase the efficiency of the LTC4267-3 switching regulator. The ITH/RUN can be driven below VITHSHDN (nominally 0.28V with respect to PGND) to force the LTC4267-3 switching regulator into shutdown. An internal 0.3µA current source always tries to pull the ITH/RUN pin towards PVCC. When the ITH/RUN pin voltage is allowed to exceed VITHSHDN and PVCC exceeds VTURNON, the LTC4267-3 switching regulator begins to operate and an internal clamp immediately pulls the ITH/RUN pin to about 0.7V. In operation, the ITH/RUN pin voltage will vary from roughly 0.7V to 1.9V to represent current comparator thresholds from zero to maximum. Internal Soft-Start An internal soft-start feature is enabled whenever the LTC4267-3 switching regulator comes out of shutdown. Specifically, the ITH/RUN voltage is clamped and is prevented from reaching maximum until 1.4ms have passed. This allows the input current of the PD to rise in a smooth and controlled manner on start-up and stay within the current limit requirement of the LTC4267-3 interface. 16 The LTC4267-3 switching regulator injects a 5µA peak current ramp out through its SENSE pin which can be used for slope compensation in designs that require it. This current ramp is approximately linear and begins at zero current at 6% duty cycle, reaching peak current at 80% duty cycle. Programming the slope compensation via a series resistor is discussed in the External Interface and Component Selection section. EXTERNAL INTERFACE AND COMPONENT SELECTION Input Interface Transformer Nodes on an Ethernet network commonly interface to the outside world via an isolation transformer (Figure 9). For PoE devices, the isolation transformer must include a center tap on the media (cable) side. Proper termination is required around the transformer to provide correct impedance matching and to avoid radiated and conducted emissions. Transformer vendors such as Bel Fuse, Coilcraft, Pulse and Tyco (Table 3) can provide assistance with selection of an appropriate isolation transformer and proper termination methods. These vendors have transformers specifically designed for use in PD applications. Table 3. Power over Ethernet Transformer Vendors VENDOR CONTACT INFORMATION Bel Fuse Inc. 206 Van Vorst Street Jersey City, NJ 07302 Tel: 201-432-0463 FAX: 201-432-9542 http://www.belfuse.com Coilcraft, Inc. 1102 Silver Lake Road Cary, IL 60013 Tel: 847-639-6400 FAX: 847-639-1469 http://www.coilcraft.com Pulse Engineering 12220 World Trade Drive San Diego, CA 92128 Tel: 858-674-8100 FAX: 858-674-8262 http://www.pulseeng.com Tyco Electronics 308 Constitution Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025-1164 Tel: 800-227-7040 FAX: 650-361-2508 http://www.circuitprotection.com 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Applications Information Diode Bridge IEEE 802.3af allows power wiring in either of two configurations: on the TX/RX wires or via the spare wire pairs in the RJ45 connector. The PD is required to accept power in either polarity on either the main or spare inputs; therefore it is common to install diode bridges on both inputs in order to accommodate the different wiring configurations. Figure 9 demonstrates an implementation of these diode bridges. The IEEE 802.3af specification also mandates that the leakage back through the unused bridge be less than 28µA when the PD is powered with 57V. The LTC4267-3 has several different modes of operation based on the voltage present between VPORTN and VPORTP pins. The forward voltage drop of the input diodes in a PD design subtracts from the input voltage and will affect the transition point between modes. When using the LTC4267‑3, it is necessary to pay close attention to this forward voltage drop. Selection of oversized diodes will help keep the PD thresholds from exceeding IEEE specifications. The input diode bridge of a PD can consume over 4% of the available power in some applications. It may be desirable to use Schottky diodes in order to reduce power loss. However, if the standard diode bridge is replaced with a Schottky bridge, the transition points between the modes will be affected. Figure 10 shows a technique for using Schottky diodes while maintaining proper threshold RJ45 1 2 3 6 4 TX+ 16 T1 1 15 2 TX– 14 3 RX+ 11 6 10 7 9 8 RX– 8 Input Capacitor The IEEE 802.3af/at standard includes an impedance requirement in order to implement the AC disconnect function. A 0.1µF capacitor (C14 in Figure 9) is used to meet the AC impedance requirement. Input Series Resistance Linear Technology has seen the customer community cable discharge requirements increase by nearly 500,000 times the original test levels. The PD must survive and operate reliably not only when an initially charged cable connects and dissipates the energy through the PD front end, but also when the electrical power system grounds are subject to very high energy events (e.g. lightning strikes). In these high energy events, adding 10Ω series resistance into the VPORTP pin greatly improves the robustness of the LTC4267-3 based PD. (see Figure 9.) The TVS limits the voltage across the port while the 10Ω and 0.1µF capacitance reduces the edge rate the LTC4267-3 encounters across its pin. The added 10Ω series resistance does not operationally affect the LTC4267-3 PD Interface nor does it affect its compliance with the IEEE 802.3 standard. BR1 HD01 TO PHY PULSE H2019 SPARE+ 5 7 points to meet IEEE 802.3af compliance. D13 is added to compensate for the change in UVLO turn-on voltage caused by the Schottky diodes and consumes little power. SPARE– BR2 HD01 10Ω D3 SMAJ58A TVS C14 0.1µF 100V VPORTP LTC4267-3 VPORTN 42673 F09 Figure 9. PD Front End with Isolation Transformer, Diode Bridges and Capacitor 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 17 LTC4267-3 Applications Information D11 B1100 D9 B1100 R2 75Ω C3 0.01µF 200V R1 75Ω C7 0.01µF 200V D10 B1100 10Ω D12 B1100 C2 1000pF 2kV J2 1 2 IN FROM PSE 3 6 TX+ 16 T1 1 15 2 TX– 14 3 RX+ 11 6 10 7 9 8 RX– 4 5 7 8 C11 0.1µF 100V D6 SMAJ58A OUT TO PHY TXOUT+ TXOUT– D13 MMSD4148 RXOUT+ C25 0.01µF 200V C24 0.01µF 200V RXOUT– R31 75Ω R30 75Ω D14 B1100 SPARE+ D15 B1100 SPARE– RJ45 RCLASS NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 1. ALL RESISTORS ARE 5% 2. SELECT RCLASS FOR CLASS 1-4 OPERATION. REFER TO DATA SHEET APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SECTION C2: AVX 1808GC102MAT D9 TO D12, D14 TO D17: DIODES INC., B1100 T1: PULSE H2019 D17 B1100 D16 B1100 RCLASS 1% VPORTP LTC4267-3 VPORTN 42673 F10 Figure 10. PD Front End with Isolation Transformer, Two Schottky Diode Bridges Transient Voltage Suppressor Classification Resistor Selection (RCLASS) The LTC4267-3 specifies and absolute maximum voltage of 100V and is designed to tolerate brief overvoltage events. However, the pins that interface to the outside world can routinely see excessive peak voltages. To protect the LTC4267-3, install a transient voltage suppressor (D3) between the input diode bridge and the LTC4267-3 as shown in Figure 9. A SMAJ58A is recommended for typical PD applications. However, a SMBJ58A may be preferred in applications where the PD front-end must absorb higher energy discharge events. The IEEE specification allows classifying PDs into four distinct classes with class 4 being reserved for future use (Table 2). An external resistor connected from RCLASS to VPORTN (Figure 4) sets the value of the load current. The designer should determine which power category the PD falls into and then select the appropriate value of RCLASS from Table 2. If a unique load current is required, the value of RCLASS can be calculated as: 18 RCLASS = 1.237V/(IDESIRED – IIN_CLASS) 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Applications Information where IIN_CLASS is the LTC4267-3 IC supply current during classification and is given in the electrical specifications. The RCLASS resistor must be 1% or better to avoid degrading the overall accuracy of the classification circuit. Resistor power dissipation will be 50mW maximum and is transient so heating is typically not a concern. In order to maintain loop stability, the layout should minimize capacitance at the RCLASS node. The classification circuit can be disabled by floating the RCLASS pin. The RCLASS pin should not be shorted to VPORTN as this would force the LTC4267-3 classification circuit to attempt to source very large currents and quickly go into thermal shutdown. Power Good Interface The PWRGD signal is controlled by a high voltage, opendrain transistor. The designer has the option of using this signal to enable the onboard switching regulator through the ITH/RUN or the PVCC pins. Examples of active-high interface circuits for controlling the switching regulator are shown in Figure 7. In some applications, it is desirable to ignore intermittent power bad conditions. This can be accomplished by including capacitor C15 in Figure 7 to form a lowpass filter. With the components shown, power bad conditions less than about 200µs will be ignored. Conversely, in other applications it may be desirable to delay assertion of PWRGD to the switching regulator using CPVCC or C17 as shown in Figure 7. It is recommended that the designer use the power good signal to enable the switching regulator. Using PWRGD ensures the capacitor C1 has reached within 1.5V of the final value and is ready to accept a load. The LTC4267-3 is designed with wide power good hysteresis to handle sudden fluctuations in the load voltage and current without prematurely shutting off the switching regulator. Please refer to the Power-Up Sequencing of the Application Information section. Signature Disable Interface To disable the 25k signature resistor, connect SIGDISA pin to the VPORTP pin. Alternately, SIGDISA pin can be driven high with respect to VPORTN. An example of a signature disable interface is shown in Figure 16, option 2. Note that the SIGDISA input resistance is relatively large and the threshold voltage is fairly low. Because of high voltages present on the printed circuit board, leakage currents from the VPORTP pin could inadvertently pull SIGDISA high. To ensure trouble-free operation, use high voltage layout techniques in the vicinity of SIGDISA. If unused, connect SIGDISA to VPORTN. Load Capacitor The IEEE 802.3af specification requires that the PD maintain a minimum load capacitance of 5µF (provided by C1 in Figure 11). It is permissible to have a much larger load capacitor and the LTC4267-3 can charge very large load capacitors before thermal issues become a problem. The load capacitor must be large enough to provide sufficient energy for proper operation of the switching regulator. However, the capacitor must not be too large or the PD design may violate IEEE 802.3af requirements. If the load capacitor is too large, there can be a problem with inadvertent power shutdown by the PSE. Consider the following scenario. If the PSE is running at –57V (maximum allowed) and the PD has detected and powered up, the load capacitor will be charged to nearly –57V. If for some reason the PSE voltage is suddenly reduced to –44V (minimum allowed), the input bridge will reverse bias and the PD power will be supplied by the load capacitor. Depending on the size of the load capacitor and the DC load of the PD, the PD will not draw any power for a period of time. If this period of time exceeds the IEEE 802.3af 300ms disconnect delay, the PSE will remove power from the PD. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure that inadvertent shutdown cannot occur. Very small output capacitors (≤10µF) will charge very quickly in current limit. The rapidly changing voltage at the output may reduce the current limit temporarily, causing the capacitor to charge at a somewhat reduced rate. Conversely, charging a very large capacitor may cause the current limit to increase slightly. In either case, once the output voltage reaches its final value, the input current limit will be restored to its nominal value. 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 19 LTC4267-3 Applications Information The load capacitor can store significant energy when fully charged. The design of a PD must ensure that this energy is not inadvertently dissipated in the LTC4267-3. The polarity-protection diode(s) prevent an accidental short on the cable from causing damage. However, if the VPORTN pin is shorted to VPORTP inside the PD while the capacitor is charged, current will flow through the parasitic body diode of the internal MOSFET and may cause permanent damage to the LTC4267-3. Maintain Power Signature In an IEEE 802.3af system, the PSE uses the Maintain Power Signature (MPS) to determine if a PD continues to require power. The MPS requires the PD to periodically draw at least 10mA and also have an AC impedance less than 26.25k in parallel with 0.05µF. If either the DC current is less than 10mA or the AC impedance is above 26.25k, the PSE may disconnect power. The DC current must be less than 5mA and the AC impedance must be above 2M to guarantee power will be removed. Selecting Feedback Resistor Values The regulated output voltage of the switching regulator is determined by the resistor divider across VOUT (R1 and R2 in Figure 11) and the error amplifier reference voltage VREF. The ratio of R2 to R1 needed to produce the desired voltage can be calculated as: R2 = R1 • (VOUT – VREF)/VREF In an isolated power supply application, VREF is determined by the designer’s choice of an external error amplifier. Commercially available error amplifiers or programmable shunt regulators may include an internal reference of 1.25V or 2.5V. Since the LTC4267-3 internal reference and error amplifier are not used in an isolated design, tie the VFB pin to PGND. In a nonisolated power supply application, the LTC4267‑3 onboard internal reference and error amplifier can be used. The resistor divider output can be tied directly to the VFB pin. The internal reference of the LTC4267-3 is 0.8V nominal. 20 Choose resistance values for R1 and R2 to be as large as possible to minimize any efficiency loss due to the static current drawn from VOUT, but just small enough so that when VOUT is in regulation, the error caused by the nonzero input current from the output of the resistor divider to the error amplifier pin is less than 1%. Error Amplifier and Opto-Isolator Considerations In an isolated topology, the selection of the external error amplifier depends on the output voltage of the switching regulator. Typical error amplifiers include a voltage reference of either 1.25V or 2.5V. The output of the amplifier and the amplifier upper supply rail are often tied together internally. The supply rail is usually specified with a wide upper voltage range, but it is not allowed to fall below the reference voltage. This can be a problem in an isolated switcher design if the amplifier supply voltage is not properly managed. When the switcher load current decreases and the output voltage rises, the error amplifier responds by pulling more current through the LED. The LED voltage can be as large as 1.5V, and along with RLIM, reduces the supply voltage to the error amplifier. If the error amp does not have enough headroom, the voltage drop across the LED and RLIM may shut the amplifier off momentarily, causing a lock-up condition in the main loop. The switcher will undershoot and not recover until the error amplifier releases its sink current. Care must be taken to select the reference voltage and RLIM value so that the error amplifier always has enough headroom. An alternate solution that avoids these problems is to utilize the LT1431 or LT4430 where the output of the error amplifier and amplifier supply rail are brought out to separate pins. The PD designer must also select an opto-isolator such that its bandwidth is sufficiently wider than the bandwidth of the main control loop. If this step is overlooked, the main control loop may be difficult to stabilize. The output collector resistor of the opto-isolator can be selected for an increase in bandwidth at the cost of a reduction in gain of this stage. 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Applications Information Output Transformer Design Considerations Since the external feedback resistor divider sets the output voltage, the PD designer has relative freedom in selecting the transformer turns ratio. The PD designer can use simple ratios of small integers (i.e. 1:1, 2:1, 3:2) which yields more freedom in setting the total turns and mutual inductance and may allow the use of an off the shelf transformer. Transformer leakage inductance on either the primary or secondary causes a voltage spike to occur after the output switch (Q1 in Figure 11) turns off. The input supply voltage plus the secondary-to-primary referred voltage of the flyback pulse (including leakage spike) must not exceed the allowed external MOSFET breakdown rating. This spike is increasingly prominent at higher load currents, where more stored energy must be dissipated. In some cases, a “snubber” circuit will be required to avoid overvoltage breakdown at the MOSFET’s drain node. Application Note 19 is a good reference for snubber design. Current Sense Resistor Consideration The external current sense resistor (RSENSE in Figure 11) allows the designer to optimize the current limit behavior for a particular application. As the current sense resistor is varied from several ohms down to tens of milliohms, peak swing current goes from a fraction of an ampere to several amperes. Care must be taken to ensure proper circuit operation, especially for small current sense resistor values. Choose RSENSE such that the switching current exercises the entire range of the ITH/RUN voltage. The nominal voltage range is 0.7V to 1.9V and RSENSE can be determined by experiment. The main loop can be temporarily stabilized by connecting a large capacitor on the power supply. Apply the maximum load current allowable at the power supply output based on the class of the PD. Choose RSENSE such that ITH/RUN approaches 1.9V. Finally, exercise the output load current over the entire operating range and ensure that ITH/RUN voltage remains within the 0.7V to 1.9V range. Layout is critical around the RSENSE resistor. For example, a 0.020Ω sense resistor, with one milliohm (0.001Ω) of parasitic resistance will cause a 5% reduction in peak switch current. The resistance of printed circuit copper traces cannot necessarily be ignored and good layout techniques are mandatory. Programmable Slope Compensation The LTC4267-3 switching regulator injects a ramping current through its SENSE pin into an external slope compensation resistor (RSL in Figure 11). This current ramp starts at zero after the NGATE pin has been high for the LTC4267-3’s minimum duty cycle of 6%. The current rises linearly towards a peak of 5µA at the maximum duty cycle of 80%, shutting off once the NGATE pin goes low. A series resistor (RSL) connecting the SENSE pin to the current sense resistor (RSENSE) develops a ramping voltage drop. From the perspective of the LTC4267-3 SENSE pin, this ramping voltage adds to the voltage across the sense resistor, effectively reducing the current comparator threshold in proportion to duty cycle. This stabilizes the control loop against subharmonic oscillation. The amount of reduction in the current comparator threshold (∆VSENSE) can be calculated using the following equation: ΔVSENSE = 5µA • RSL • [(Duty Cycle – 6%)/74%] Note: The LTC4267-3 enforces 6% < Duty Cycle < 80%. Designs not needing slope compensation may replace RSL with a short-circuit. Applications Employing a Third Transformer Winding A standard operating topology may employ a third winding on the transformer’s primary side that provides power to the LTC4267-3 switching regulator via its PVCC pin (Figure 11). However, this arrangement is not inherently self-starting. Start-up is usually implemented by the use of an external “trickle-charge” resistor (RSTART) in conjunction with the internal wide hysteresis undervoltage lockout circuit that monitors the PVCC pin voltage. 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 21 LTC4267-3 Applications Information ISOLATED DESIGN EXAMPLE –48V FROM DATA PAIR + C1 RSTART – LPRI PGND PVCC VPORTP –48V FROM SPARE PAIR + – VPORTN NGATE VPORTN RSL RLIM RSENSE PGND VPORTP VFB ITH/RUN COUT LSEC Q1 SENSE LTC4267-3 SIGDISA POUT • PGND RCLASS RCLASS VOUT • CPVCC PVCC 0.1µF 100V D1 T1 VPORTP OPTOISOLATOR PGND PVCC PGND ERROR AMPLIFIER RC CC R2 R1 PGND CISO NONISOLATED DESIGN EXAMPLE T1 LBIAS D2 –48V FROM DATA PAIR + R3 RSTART – 0.1µF 100V + D1 VPORTP C1 LPRI PGND NGATE – ITH/RUN CC POUT LSEC PGND RSENSE R2 VFB PGND COUT Q1 SENSE LTC4267-3 SIGDISA VPORTN • RSL RCLASS RCLASS VOUT • CPVCC PGND PVCC –48V FROM SPARE PAIR • PGND PGND R1 42673 F11 PGND Figure 11. Typical LTC4267-3 Application Circuits 22 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Applications Information RSTART is connected to VPORTP and supplies a current, typically 100µA, to charge CPVCC. After some time, the voltage on CPVCC reaches the PVCC turn-on threshold. The LTC4267-3 switching regulator then turns on abruptly and draws its normal supply current. The NGATE pin begins switching and the external MOSFET (Q1) begins to deliver power. The voltage on CPVCC begins to decline as the switching regulator draws its normal supply current, which exceeds the delivery from RSTART. After some time, typically tens of milliseconds, the output voltage approaches the desired value. By this time, the third transformer winding is providing virtually all the supply current required by the LTC4267-3 switching regulator. One potential design pitfall is under-sizing the value of capacitor CPVCC. In this case, the normal supply current drawn through PVCC will discharge CPVCC rapidly before the third winding drive becomes effective. Depending on the particular situation, this may result in either several off-on cycles before proper operation is reached or permanent relaxation oscillation at the PVCC node. Resistor RSTART should be selected to yield a worst-case minimum charging current greater that the maximum rated LTC4267-3 start-up current to ensure there is enough current to charge CPVCC to the PVCC turn-on threshold. RSTART should also be selected large enough to yield a worst-case maximum charging current less than the minimum-rated PVCC supply current, so that in operation, most of the PVCC current is delivered through the third winding. This results in the highest possible efficiency. Capacitor CPVCC should then be made large enough to avoid the relaxation oscillation behavior described previously. This is difficult to determine theoretically as it depends on the particulars of the secondary circuit and load behavior. Empirical testing is recommended. The third transformer winding should be designed so that its output voltage, after accounting for the forward diode voltage drop, exceeds the maximum PVCC turn-off threshold. Also, the third winding’s nominal output voltage should be at least 0.5V below the minimum rated PVCC clamp voltage to avoid running up against the LTC4267-3 shunt regulator, needlessly wasting power. PVCC Shunt Regulator In applications including a third transformer winding, the internal PVCC shunt regulator serves to protect the LTC4267-3 switching regulator from overvoltage transients as the third winding is powering up. If a third transformer winding is undesirable or unavailable, the shunt regulator allows the LTC4267-3 switching regulator to be powered through a single dropping resistor from VPORTP as shown in Figure 12. This simplicity comes at the expense of reduced efficiency due to static power dissipation in the RSTART dropping resistor. The shunt regulator can sink up to 5mA through the PVCC pin to PGND. The values of RSTART and CPVCC must be selected for the application to withstand the worst-case load conditions and drop on PVCC, ensuring that the PVCC turn-off threshold is not reached. CPVCC should be sized sufficiently to handle the switching current needed to drive NGATE while maintaining minimum switching voltage. + VPORTP RSTART –48 FROM PSE PVCC LTC4267-3 CPVCC PGND – VPORTN POUT PGND 42673 F14 Figure 12. Powering the LTC4267-3 Switching Regulator via the Shunt Regulator 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 23 LTC4267-3 Applications Information External Preregulator Compensating the Main Loop The circuit in Figure 13 shows a third way to power the LTC4267-3 switching regulator circuit. An external series preregulator consists of a series pass transistor Q1, zener diode D1, and a bias resistor RB. The preregulator holds PVCC at 7.6V nominal, well above the maximum rated PVCC turn-off threshold of 6.8V. Resistor RSTART momentarily charges the PVCC node up to the PVCC turn-on threshold, enabling the switching regulator. The voltage on CPVCC begins to decline as the switching regulator draws its normal supply current, which exceeds the delivery of RSTART. After some time, the output voltage approaches the desired value. By this time, the pass transistor Q1 catches the declining voltage on the PVCC pin, and provides virtually all the supply current required by the LTC4267-3 switching regulator. CPVCC should be sized sufficiently to handle the switching current needed to drive NGATE while maintaining minimum switching voltage. In an isolated topology, the compensation point is typically chosen by the components configured around the external error amplifier. Shown in Figure 14, a series RC network is connected from the compare voltage of the error amplifier to the error amplifier output. In PD designs where transient load response is not critical, replace RZ with a short. The product of R2 and CC should be sufficiently large to ensure stability. When fast settling transient response is critical, introduce a zero set by RZCC. The PD designer must ensure that the faster settling response of the output voltage does not compromise loop stability. + CC RZ TO OPTOISOLATOR VOUT R2 R1 42673 F14 Figure 14. Main Loop Compensation for an Isolated Design RB VPORTP – 48 FROM PSE PVCC RSTART Q1 D1 8.2V PGND LTC4267-3 PGND CPVCC PGND – VPORTN POUT PGND In a nonisolated design, the LTC4267-3 incorporates an internal error amplifier where the ITH/RUN pin serves as a compensation point. In a similar manner, a series RC network can be connected from ITH/RUN to PGND as shown in Figure 15. CC and RZ are chosen for optimum load and line transient response. 42673 F15 Figure 13. Powering the LTC4267-3 Switching Regulator with an External Preregulator LTC4267-3 ITH/RUN The external preregulator has improved efficiency over the simple resistor-shunt regulator method mentioned previously. RB can be selected so that it provides a small current necessary to maintain the zener diode voltage and the maximum possible base current Q1 will encounter. The actual current needed to power the LTC4267-3 switching regulator goes through Q1 and PVCC sources current on an “as-needed” basis. The static current is then limited only to the current through RB and D1. 24 CC PGND RZ 42673 F15 Figure 15. Main Loop Compensation for a Nonisolated Design 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Applications Information Selecting the Switching Transistor With the N-channel power MOSFET driving the primary of the transformer, the inductance will cause the drain of the MOSFET to traverse twice the voltage across VPORTP and PGND. The LTC4267-3 operates with a maximum supply of – 57V; thus the MOSFET must be rated to handle 114V or more with sufficient design margin. Typical transistors have 150V ratings while some manufacturers have developed 120V rated MOSFETs specifically for Powerover-Ethernet applications. The NGATE pin of the LTC4267-3 drives the gate of the N-channel MOSFET. NGATE will traverse a rail-to-rail voltage from PGND to PVCC. The designer must ensure the MOSFET provides a low “ON” resistance when switched to PVCC as well as ensure the gate of the MOSFET can handle the PVCC supply voltage. For high efficiency applications, select an N-channel MOSFET with low total gate charge. The lower total gate charge improves the efficiency of the NGATE drive circuit and minimizes the switching current needed to charge and discharge the gate. Auxiliary Power Source In some applications, it may be desirable to power the PD from an auxiliary power source such as a wall transformer. The auxiliary power can be injected into the PD at several locations and various trade-offs exist. Power can be injected at the 3.3V or 5V output of the isolated power supply with the use of a diode ORing circuit. This method accesses the internal circuits of the PD after the isolation barrier and therefore meets the 802.3af isolation safety requirements for the wall transformer jack on the PD. Power can also be injected into the PD interface portion of the LTC4267-3. In this case, it is necessary to ensure the user cannot access the terminals of the wall transformer jack on the PD since this would compromise the 802.3af isolation safety requirements. Figure 16 demonstrates three methods of diode ORing external power into a PD. Option 1 inserts power before the LTC4267-3 interface controller while options 2 and 3 bypass the LTC4267-3 interface controller section and power the switching regulator directly. If power is inserted before the LTC4267-3 interface controller, it is necessary for the wall transformer to exceed the LTC4267-3 UVLO turn-on requirement and include a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) to limit the maximum voltage to 57V. This option provides input current limit for the transformer, provides a valid power good signal, and simplifies power priority issues. As long as the wall transformer applies power to the PD before the PSE, it will take priority and the PSE will not power up the PD because the wall power will corrupt the 25k signature. If the PSE is already powering the PD, the wall transformer power will be in parallel with the PSE. In this case, priority will be given to the higher supply voltage. If the wall transformer voltage is higher, the PSE should remove the line voltage since no current will be drawn from the PSE. On the other hand, if the wall transformer voltage is lower, the PSE will continue to supply power to the PD and the wall transformer will not be used. Proper operation should occur in either scenario. If auxiliary power is applied directly to the LTC4267-3 switching regulator (bypassing the LTC4267-3 PD interface), a different set of trade-offs arise. In the configuration shown in option 2, the wall transformer does not need to exceed the LTC4267-3 turn-on UVLO requirement; however, it is necessary to include diode D9 to prevent the transformer from applying power to the LTC4267-3 interface controller. The transformer voltage requirement will be governed by the needs of the onboard switching regulator. However, power priority issues require more intervention. If the wall transformer voltage is below the PSE voltage, then priority will be given to the PSE power. The LTC4267-3 interface controller will draw power 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 25 LTC4267-3 Applications Information OPTION 1: AUXILIARY POWER INSERTED BEFORE LTC4267-3 PD RJ45 1 2 3 6 TX+ TX T1 ~ – RX+ BR1 HD01 TO PHY ~ RX– D3 SMAJ58A TVS + C14 0.1µF 100V RSTART – C1 VPORTP SPARE+ 4 ~ 5 7 LTC4267-3 BR2 HD01 – SPARE 8 PVCC + ~ + CPVCC PGND – VPORTN POUT PGND D8 S1B ISOLATED WALL 38V TO 57V TRANSFORMER – OPTION 2: AUXILIARY POWER INSERTED AFTER LTC4267-3 PD WITH SIGNATURE DISABLED RJ45 1 2 3 6 TX+ T1 ~ TX– RX+ + ~ 100k C14 0.1µF 100V BR1 HD01 TO PHY RX– D3 SMAJ58A TVS – C1 BSS63 VPORTP SPARE+ 4 ~ 5 7 SPARE ISOLATED WALL TRANSFORMER ~ + 100k SIGDISA PVCC LTC4267-3 PGND BR2 HD01 – 8 + RSTART – CPVCC VPORTN POUT PGND D9 S1B – D10 S1B OPTION 3: AUXILIARY POWER APPLIED TO LTC4267-3 PD AND SWITCHING REGULATOR RJ45 1 2 3 6 4 TX+ TX T1 ~ – RX+ BR1 HD01 TO PHY ~ RX– 8 D3 SMAJ58A TVS C14 0.1µF 100V RSTART – C1 VPORTP SPARE+ ~ 5 7 + + BR2 HD01 – SPARE ISOLATED WALL TRANSFORMER + ~ 38V TO 57V – PVCC LTC4267-3 CPVCC PGND – VPORTN POUT PGND D10 S1B 42673 F16 Figure 16. Auxiliary Power Source for PD 26 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Applications Information from the PSE while the transformer will sit unused. This configuration is not a problem in a PoE system. On the other hand, if the wall transformer voltage is higher than the PSE voltage, the LTC4267-3 switching regulator will draw power from the transformer. In this situation, it is necessary to address the issue of power cycling that may occur if a PSE is present. The PSE will detect the PD and apply power. If the switcher is being powered by the wall transformer, then the PD will not meet the minimum load requirement and the PSE will subsequently remove power. The PSE will again detect the PD and power cycling will start. With a transformer voltage above the PSE voltage, it is necessary to either disable the signature, as shown in option 2, or install a minimum load on the output of the LTC4267-3 interface to prevent power cycling. The third option also applies power directly to the LTC4267‑3 switching regulator, bypassing the LTC4267‑3 interface controller and omitting diode D9. With the diode omitted, the transformer voltage is applied to the LTC4267-3 interface controller in addition to the switching regulator. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure that the transformer maintain the voltage between 38V and 57V to keep the LTC4267-3 interface controller in its normal operating range. The third option has the advantage of automatically disabling the 25k signature resistor when the external voltage exceeds the PSE voltage. Power-Up Sequencing the LTC4267-3 The LTC4267-3 consists of two functional cells, the PD interface and the switching regulator, and the power up sequencing of these two cells must be carefully considered. The PD designer should ensure that the switching regulator does not begin operation until the interface has completed charging up the load capacitor. This will ensure that the switcher load current does not compete with the load capacitor charging current provided by the PD interface current limit circuit. Overlooking this consideration may result in slow power supply ramp up, power-up oscillation, and possibly thermal shutdown. The LTC4267-3 includes a power good signal in the PD interface that can be used to indicate to the switching regulator that the load capacitor is fully charged and ready to handle the switcher load. Figure 7 shows two examples of ways the PWRGD signal can be used to control the switching regulator. The first example employs an N-channel MOSFET to drive the ITH/RUN port below the shutdown threshold (typically 0.28V). The second example drives PVCC below the PVCC turn-off threshold. Employing the second example has the added advantage of adding delay to the switching regulator start-up beyond the time the power good signal becomes active. The second example ensures additional timing margin at start-up without the need for added delay components. In applications where it is not desirable to utilize the power good signal, sufficient timing margin can be achieved with RSTART and CPVCC. RSTART and CPVCC should be set to a delay of two to three times longer than the duration needed to charge up C1. Layout Considerations for the LTC4267-3 The most critical layout considerations for the LTC4267-3 are the placement of the supporting external components associated with the switching regulator. Efficiency, stability, and load transient response can deteriorate without good layout practices around critical components. For the LTC4267-3 switching regulator, the current loop through C1, T1 primary, Q1, and RSENSE must be given careful layout attention. (Refer to Figure 11.) Because of the high switching current circulating in this loop, these components should be placed in close proximity to each other. In addition, wide copper traces or copper planes should be used between these components. If vias are necessary to complete the connectivity of this loop, placing multiple vias lined perpendicular to the flow of current is essential for minimizing parasitic resistance and reducing current density. Since the switching frequency and the power levels are substantial, shielding and high frequency layout techniques should be employed. A low current, 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 27 LTC4267-3 Applications Information low impedance alternate connection should be employed between the PGND pins of the LTC4267-3 and the PGND side of RSENSE, away from the high current loop. This Kelvin sensing will ensure an accurate representation of the sense voltage is measured by the LTC4267-3. The placement of the feedback resistors R1 and R2 as well as the compensation capacitor CC is very important in the accuracy of the output voltage, the stability of the main control loop, and the load transient response. In an isolated design application, R1, R2, and CC should be placed as close as possible to the error amplifier’s input with minimum trace lengths and minimum capacitance. In a nonisolated application, R1, and R2 should be placed as close as possible to the VFB pin of the LTC4267-3 and CC should be placed close to the ITH/RUN pin of the LTC4267-3. 28 In essence, a tight overall layout of the high current loop and careful attention to current density will ensure successful operation of the LTC4267-3 in a PD. Place C14 (Figure 9) as close as physically possible to the LTC4267-3. Place the series 10Ω resistor close to C14. Excessive parasitic capacitance on the RCLASS pin should be avoided. The SIGDISA pin is adjacent to the VPORTP pin and any coupling, whether resistive or capacitive may inadvertently disable the signature resistance. To ensure consistent behavior, the SIGDISA pin should be electrically connected and not left floating. Voltages in a PD can be as large as –57V, so high voltage layout techniques should be employed. 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Typical Applications Class 3 PD with 5V Nonisolated Power Supply COILTRONICS CTX-02-15242 4.7µH 12µF 100V –48V FROM DATA PAIR + 2.2µF 100V 100k 220k VPORTP HD01 300µF* • 1µF 0.1µF NGATE + HD01 – RCLASS 45.3Ω 1% 10k 150pF 200V VFB SIGDISA POUT 220Ω SENSE ITH/RUN 22nF VPORTN * THREE 100µF CERAMICS FDC2512 PWRGD SMAJ58A –48V FROM SPARE PAIR 9.1V PVCC LTC4267-3 – UPS840 • MMBTA42 BAS516 10Ω 5V 1.8A PGND 27k 0.04Ω 1% 42.2k 1% 42673 TA02 8.06k 1% 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 29 J1 T1 T2 * ** For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TO PHY TO PHY SMAJ58A 10Ω 45.3Ω 0.1µF HALO HFJ11 RP28E-L12 INTEGRATED JACK COILCRAFT D1766-AL PULSE PA0184 TWO 100µF CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL 47µF AND 220µF IN PARALLEL J1 9 10 11 12 13 14 12µF 100V PVCC 2.2µF 100V PGND VFB VPORTN POUT ITH/RUN SENSE SIGDISA RCLASS PWRGD NGATE LTC4267-3 VPORTP 4.7µH 220k 4.7µF PVCC BCX5616 8.2k 10p 51Ω BAS516 6.8k PVCC 10Ω BAS516 8.2V 220k 0.1µF 2.2k 0.068 1% MMBT3904 Si3440DV • T1 • T2 1k 2.2nF 2kV 0.033µF ZRL431 PH7030DL Si3442DV 6.8nF 10k 4.7µF PH7030DL 0.47µF 20Ω BAT54SLT1 PS2911 • • • 30 • Synchronous Class 3 PD with Triple Output Isolated Power Supplies 42673 TA03 49.9k 1% 49.9k 1% PH7030DL 100µF 200µF* 267µF** CHASSIS 1.8V AT 2.5A 2.5V AT 1.5A 3.3V AT 0.5A LTC4267-3 Typical Applications 42673fb LTC4267-3 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings. DHC Package 16-Lead Plastic DFN (5mm × 3mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1706 Rev Ø) 0.65 ±0.05 3.50 ±0.05 1.65 ±0.05 2.20 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 4.40 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS 5.00 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) R = 0.20 TYP 3.00 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) 9 R = 0.115 TYP 0.40 ±0.10 16 1.65 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) PIN 1 TOP MARK (SEE NOTE 6) PIN 1 NOTCH 0.200 REF 0.75 ±0.05 0.00 – 0.05 8 1 0.25 ±0.05 0.50 BSC (DHC16) DFN 1103 4.40 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD NOTE: 1. DRAWING PROPOSED TO BE MADE VARIATION OF VERSION (WJED-1) IN JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-229 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 31 LTC4267-3 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings. GN Package 16-Lead Plastic SSOP (Narrow .150 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1641 Rev B) .189 – .196* (4.801 – 4.978) .045 ±.005 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 .254 MIN .009 (0.229) REF .150 – .165 .229 – .244 (5.817 – 6.198) .0165 ±.0015 .150 – .157** (3.810 – 3.988) .0250 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 1 .015 ±.004 × 45° (0.38 ±0.10) .007 – .0098 (0.178 – 0.249) .0532 – .0688 (1.35 – 1.75) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .004 – .0098 (0.102 – 0.249) 0° – 8° TYP .016 – .050 (0.406 – 1.270) .008 – .012 (0.203 – 0.305) TYP NOTE: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCHES INCHES 2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN (MILLIMETERS) .0250 (0.635) BSC GN16 REV B 0212 3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 4. PIN 1 CAN BE BEVEL EDGE OR A DIMPLE *DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE **DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE 32 42673fb For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 LTC4267-3 Revision History REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER A 10/12 Changed 12.95W IEEE 802.3af reference to 13.0W 9 Updated maximum power levels for class 0 and class 3 to 13.0W 12 Added 10Ω resistor to VPORTP pin in Figure 9 and Figure 10. Added Input Capacitor section, Input Series Resistance section and Transient Voltage Suppressor section Added C14 and 10Ω resistor layout recommendation Added 10Ω resistor to VPORTP pin B 7/15 Revised Exposed Pad pin description. 17, 18 28 29, 30, 34 8 42673fb Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of itsinformation circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 33 LTC4267-3 Typical Application High-Efficiency Class 3 PD with 3.3V Isolated Power Supply 10Ω PULSE PA1136 4.7µH 12µF 100V 2.2µF 100V 220k 220k 330Ω 510Ω MMTBA42 9.1V –48V FROM DATA PAIR 10Ω MMSD4148 VPORTP PVCC B1100 (8 PLACES) –48V FROM SPARE PAIR • ITH/RUN 0.068Ω 1% PVCC 100k VPORTN *100µF CERAMIC + 470µF TANTALUM POUT CHASSIS Si3440 45.3Ω 1% SIGDISA 570µF* • 10k SENSE RCLASS 3.3V 2.6A BAS516 150pF BAS516 PVCC NGATE SMAJ58A SBM1040 • 4.7µF LTC4267-3 0.1µF 470pF PWRGD 500Ω 6.8k 33nF BAS516 2N7002 10k VFB PVCC 100k 1% PS2911 MMSD4148 PGND TLV431 60.4k 1% 2200pF 2kV 42673 TA04 Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC4265 IEEE 802.3at High Power PD Interface Controller 2-Event Classification Recognition, 100mA Inrush Current, Single-Class Programming with 2-Event Classification Resistor, Full Compliance to 802.3at LTC4267-1 IEEE 802.3af PD Interface with Integrated Switching Regulator Internal 100V, 400mA Switch, Programmable Class, 200kHz Constant Frequency PWM LTC4269-1 IEEE 802.3at PD Interface with Integrated Flyback Switching Regulator 2-Event Classification, Programmable Classification, Synchronous No-Opto Flyback Controller, 50kHz to 250kHz, Auxiliary Support LTC4269-2 IEEE 802.3at PD Interface with Integrated Forward Switching Regulator 2-Event Classification, Programmable Classification, Synchronous Forward Controller, 100kHz to 500kHz, Auxiliary Support LTC4278 2-Event Classification, Programmable Classification, Synchronous No-Opto Flyback Controller, 50kHz to 250kHz, 12V Auxiliary Support LT4275A IEEE 802.3at PD Interface with Integrated Flyback Switching Regulator LTPoE++™ PD Controller LT4275B IEEE 802.3at PD Controller External MOSFET for Lowest Power Dissipation and Highest System Efficiency, 2-Event Classification, Programmable Classification LT4275C IEEE 802.3at PD Controller External MOSFET for Lowest Power Dissipation and Highest System Efficiency, Programmable Classification LTC4274 Single PoE PSE Controller Provides Up to 90W, 2-Event Classification, and Port Current and Voltage Monitoring LTC4266 Quad PoE PSE Controller Provides Up to 90W, 2-Event Classification, and Port Current and Voltage Monitoring 34 Linear Technology Corporation Provides Up to 90W, External MOSFET for Lowest Power Dissipation and Highest System Efficiency, 2-Event Classification, Programmable Classification 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LTC4267-3 42673fb LT 0715 REV B • PRINTED IN USA  LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2007
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