LTC694CN8-3.3

LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 3.3V Microprocessor Supervisory Circuits FEATURES s s s DESCRIPTIO ® s s s s s s s s s s UL Recognized File # E145770 Guaranteed Reset Assertion at VCC = 1V Pin Compatible with LTC694/LTC695 for 3.3V Systems 200µA Typical Supply Current Fast (30ns Typ) On-Board Gating of RAM Chip Enable Signals SO-8 and S16 Packages 2.90V Precision Voltage Monitor Power OK/Reset Time Delay: 200ms or Adjustable Minimum External Component Count 1µA Maximum Standby Current Voltage Monitor for Power-Fail or Low-Battery Warning Thermal Limiting Performance Specified Over Temperature The LTC®694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 provide complete 3.3V power supply monitoring and battery control functions. These include power-on reset, battery back-up, RAM write protection, power failure warning and watchdog timing. The devices are pin compatible upgrades of the LTC694/ LTC695 that are optimized for 3.3V systems. Operating power consumption has been reduced to 0.6mW (typical) and 3µW maximum in battery back-up mode. Microprocessor reset and memory write protection are provided when the supply falls below 2.9V. The RESET output is guaranteed to remain logic low with VCC as low as 1V. The LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 power the active RAMs with a charge pumped NMOS power switch to achieve low dropout and low supply current. When primary power is lost, auxiliary power, connected to the battery input pin, powers the RAMs in standby through an efficient PMOS switch. For an early warning of impending power failure, the LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 provide an internal comparator with a user-defined threshold. An internal watchdog timer is also available, which forces the reset pins to active states when the watchdog input is not toggled prior to a preset time-out period. , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. APPLICATIO S s s s s s 3.3V Low Power Systems Critical µP Power Monitoring Intelligent Instruments Battery-Powered Computers and Controllers Automotive Systems TYPICAL APPLICATIO VIN ≥ 5V + LT1129-3.3 VIN VOUT 1µF OUT SENSE SHDN GND 3.3V 100µF + VCC 0.1µF VOUT LTC695-3.3 VBATT CE IN CE OUT RESET PFO GND WDI RESET OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.4V 51k PFI 18k MICROPROCESSOR RESET, BATTERY BACK-UP, RAM WRITE PROTECTION, POWER WARNING AND WATCHDOG TIMING ARE ALL IN A SINGLE CHIP FOR 3.3V MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM POWER TO µP CMOS RAM POWER 0.1µF µP SYSTEM DECODER OUTPUT RAM CS µP RESET µP NMI I/O LINE 100Ω 0.1µF 694/5-3.3 TA01 U RESET Output Voltage vs Supply Voltage 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 3 4 2 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 694/5-3.3 TA02 U U 1 LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS Terminal Voltage VCC ...................................................... – 0.3V to 6V VBATT .................................................. – 0.3V to 6V All Other Inputs .................. – 0.3V to (VOUT + 0.3V) Input Current VCC .............................................................. 100mA VBATT ............................................................ 25mA GND .............................................................. 10mA PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO TOP VIEW VBATT VOUT VCC GND BATT ON LOW LINE OSC IN OSC SEL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 N PACKAGE 16-LEAD PDIP 16 RESET 15 RESET 14 WDO 13 CE IN 12 CE OUT 11 WDI 10 PFO 9 PFI ORDER PART NUMBER LTC695CN-3.3 LTC695IN-3.3 TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 130°C/W TOP VIEW VOUT VCC GND 1 2 3 8 7 6 5 N8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PDIP VBATT RESET WDI PFO LTC694CN8-3.3 LTC694IN8-3.3 PFI 4 TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 130°C/W Consult factory for Military grade parts. PRODUCT SELECTIO GUIDE LTC694-3.3 LTC695-3.3 LTC690 LTC691 LTC694 LTC695 LTC699 LTC1232 LTC1235 PINS 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 8 16 RESET THRESHOLD (V) 2.90 2.90 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.37/4.62 4.65 WATCHDOG TIMER X X X X X X X X X BATTERY BACK-UP X X X X X X POWER-FAIL WARNING X X X X X X RAM WRITE PROTECT X X X X X PUSH-BUTTON RESET CONDITIONAL BATTERY BACK-UP 2 U U W WW U U W (Notes 1 and 2) VOUT Output Current ................. Short-Circuit Protected Power Dissipation ............................................. 500mW Operating Temperature Range LTC694C-3.3/LTC695C-3.3 .................. 0°C to 70°C LTC694I-3.3/LTC695I-3.3 ............... – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................ – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................. 300°C (Note 3) TOP VIEW VBATT 1 VOUT 2 VCC 3 GND 4 BATT ON 5 LOW LINE 6 OSC IN 7 OSC SEL 8 16 RESET 15 RESET 14 WDO 13 CE IN 12 CE OUT 11 WDI 10 PFO 9 PFI ORDER PART NUMBER LTC695CSW-3.3 LTC695ISW-3.3 SW PACKAGE 16-LEAD PLASTIC WIDE SO TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 130°C/W TOP VIEW VOUT VCC GND PFI 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VBATT RESET WDI PFO LTC694CS8-3.3 LTC694IS8-3.3 S8 PART MARKING 6943 694I3 S8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC SO TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 180°C/W X X X X LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 The q denotes specifications which apply over the operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 3.3V, VBATT = 2V, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER Battery Back-Up Switching Operating Voltage Range VOUT Output Voltage VCC VBATT IOUT = 1mA q q q ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CONDITIONS MIN 3.0 1.5 VCC – 0.1 VCC – 0.2 VCC – 0.8 VBATT – 0.1 TYP MAX 5.50 2.75 UNITS V V V V V V VCC – 0.01 VCC – 0.01 VCC – 0.4 VBATT – 0.02 0.2 0.2 0.04 0.04 0.6 1.0 1 5 0.02 0.10 70 50 20 IOUT = 50mA VOUT in Battery Back-Up Mode Supply Current (Exclude IOUT) Supply Current in Battery Back-Up Mode Battery Standby Current (+ = Discharge, – = Charge) Battery Switchover Threshold (VCC – VBATT) Battery Switchover Hysteresis BATT ON Output Voltage (Note 4) BATT ON Output Short-Circuit Current (Note 4) Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset Voltage Threshold Reset Threshold Hysteresis Reset Active Time Watchdog Time-Out Period, Internal Oscillator OSC SEL HIGH, VCC = 3V ISINK = 800µA BATT ON = VOUT, Sink Current BATT ON = 0V, Source Current IOUT = 250µA, VCC < VBATT IOUT ≤ 50mA, VCC = 3.6V q q q mA mA µA µA µA µA mV mV mV VCC = 0V, VBATT = 2V q 3.6V > VCC > VBATT + 0.2V q – 0.02 – 0.10 Power Up Power Down q q 0.3 0.5 2.8 160 140 1.2 1.0 80 70 4032 960 4 2 32 25 1 2.9 40 200 200 1.6 1.6 100 100 25 3.0 240 280 2.0 2.25 120 140 4097 1025 V mA µA V mV ms ms sec sec ms ms Clock Cycles ms/V ms/V ms/V ns q q Long Period, VCC = 3V q Short Period, VCC = 3V q Watchdog Time-Out Period, External Clock (Note 5) Reset Active Time PSRR Watchdog Time-Out Period PSRR, Internal OSC Minimum WDI Input Pulse Width RESET Output Voltage at VCC = 1V RESET and LOW LINE Output Voltage (Note 4) RESET and WDO Output Voltage (Note 4) RESET, RESET, WDO, LOW LINE Output Short-Circuit Current (Note 4) Long Period, VCC = 3V Short Period, VCC = 3V Short Period Long Period VIL = 0.4V, VIH = 3V ISINK = 10µA, VCC = 1V ISINK = 400µA, VCC = 2.8V ISOURCE = 0.1µA, VCC = 3V ISINK = 400µA, VCC = 3V ISOURCE = 0.1µA, VCC = 2.8V Output Source Current Output Sink Current q q q q q q q q q 200 4 2.3 0.3 2.3 1 3 9 25 200 0.3 mV V V V V µA mA 3 LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER WDI Input Threshold WDI Input Current Power-Fail Detector PFI Input Threshold PFI Input Threshold PSRR PFI Input Current PFO Output Voltage (Note 4) PFO Short-Circuit Source Current (Note 4) PFI Comparator Response Time (Falling) PFI Comparator Response Time (Rising) (Note 4) Chip Enable Gating CE IN Threshold CE IN Pull-Up Current (Note 6) CE OUT Output Voltage VIL VIH The q denotes specifications which apply over the operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 3.3V, VBATT = 2V, unless otherwise noted. CONDITIONS Logic Low Logic High WDI = VOUT WDI = 0V q q q q MIN 2.3 – 50 1.25 TYP MAX 0.4 UNITS V V µA µA V mV/V nA V V µA mA µs µs µs 4 –8 1.3 0.3 ± 0.01 50 q 1.35 ± 25 0.3 q ISINK = 800µA ISOURCE = 0.1µA PFI = HIGH, PFO = 0V PFI = LOW, PFO = VOUT ∆VIN = – 20mV, VOD = 15mV ∆VIN = 20mV, VOD = 15mV with 10kΩ Pull-Up q q q 2.3 1 3 17 2 40 8 0.45 1.9 3 25 V V µA V V V ns mA mA µA µA ISINK = 800µA ISOURCE = 400µA ISOURCE = 1µA, VCC = 0V CL = 20pF Output Source Current Output Sink Current q q q q 0.3 VOUT – 0.50 VOUT – 0.05 30 15 20 ±2 5 50 CE IN Propagation Delay CE OUT Output Short-Circuit Current Oscillator OSC IN Input Current (Note 6) OSC SEL Input Pull-Up Current (Note 6) OSC IN Frequency Range OSC SEL = 0V OSC SEL = 0V, COSC = 47pF q 0 4 125 kHz kHz Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of device may be impaired. Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to GND. Note 3: For military temperature range parts, consult the factory. Note 4: The output pins of BATT ON, LOW LINE, PFO, WDO, RESET and RESET have weak internal pullups of typically 3µA. However, external pullup resistors may be used when higher speed is required. Note 5: The external clock feeding into the circuit passes through the oscillator before clocking the watchdog timer. Variation in the time-out period is caused by phase errors which occur when the oscillator divides the external clock by 64. The resulting variation in the time-out period is 64 plus one clock of jitter. Note 6: The input pins of CE IN, OSC IN and OSC SEL have weak internal pull-ups which pull to the supply when the input pins are floating. 4 LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage vs Load Current 3.30 3.25 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.40 PFI INPUT THRESHOLD (V) VCC = 3.3V VBATT = 2.4V TA = 25°C OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.20 SLOPE = 4.6Ω 3.15 3.10 3.05 3.00 0 10 30 40 20 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 50 Power-Fail Comparator Response Time PFO OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5 PFO OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) PFO OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 VPFI 1.3V + – VCC = 3.3V TA = 25°C 1.305V 1.285V 0 1 VPFI = 20mV STEP 2 345 TIME (µs) 6 Reset Active Time vs Temperature 220 210 RESET ACTIVE TIME (ms) VCC = 3.3V RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD (V) 200 190 180 170 160 150 –50 –25 2.88 2.87 2.86 2.85 2.84 –50 –25 RESET OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) UW 694/5-3.3 G01 Output Voltage vs Load Current VCC = 0V VBATT = 2.4V TA = 25°C 1.310 1.308 1.306 1.304 1.302 1.300 1.298 1.296 Power Failure Input Threshold vs Temperature VCC = 3.3V 2.39 2.38 SLOPE = 90Ω 2.37 2.36 2.35 0 100 300 400 200 LOAD CURRENT (µA) 500 1.294 –50 –25 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 694/5-3.3 G02 694/5-3.3 G03 Power-Fail Comparator Response Time 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1.315V 1.295V VPFI 1.3V + – PFO 30pF Power-Fail Comparator Response Time with Pull-Up Resistor 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1.315V 1.295V 0 2 4 VPFI 1.3V + – 3.3V 10k PFO 30pF VCC = 3.3V TA = 25°C VCC = 3.3V TA = 25°C PFO 30pF VPFI = 20mV STEP 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 TIME (µs) 694/5-3.3 G05 VPFI = 20mV STEP 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 TIME (µs) 694/5-3.3 G06 7 8 9 694/5-3.3 G04 Reset Voltage Threshold vs Temperature 2.90 VCC = 3.3V 2.89 RESET Output Voltage vs Supply Voltage 5 4 3 2 1 100 125 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 0 0 1 3 4 2 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 694/5-3.3 TA02 694/5-3.3 G07 694/5-3.3 G08 5 LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 PI FU CTIO S VCC: 3.3V Supply Input. The VCC pin should be bypassed with a 0.1µF capacitor. VOUT: Voltage Output for Backed Up Memory. Bypass with a capacitor of 0.1µF or greater. During normal operation, VOUT obtains power from VCC through an NMOS power switch, M1, which can deliver up to 50mA and has a typical on resistance of 5Ω. When VCC is lower than VBATT, VOUT is internally switched to VBATT. If VOUT and VBATT are not used, connect VOUT to VCC. VBATT: Back-Up Battery Input. When VCC falls below VBATT, auxiliary power connected to VBATT, is delivered to VOUT through PMOS switch, M2. If back-up battery or auxiliary power is not used, VBATT should be connected to GND. GND: Ground Pin. BATT ON: Battery On Logic Output from Comparator C2. BATT ON goes low when VOUT is internally connected to VCC. The output typically sinks 25mA and can provide base drive for an external PNP transistor to increase the output current above the 50mA rating of VOUT. BATT ON goes high when VOUT is internally switched to VBATT. PFI: Power Failure Input. PFI is the noninverting input to the power-fail comparator, C3. The inverting input is internally connected to a 1.3V reference. The power failure output remains high when PFI is above 1.3V and goes low when PFI is below 1.3V. Connect PFI to GND or VOUT when C3 is not used. PFO: Power Failure Output from C3. PFO remains high when PFI is above 1.3V and goes low when PFI is below 1.3V. When VCC is lower than VBATT, C3 is shut down and PFO is forced low. RESET: Logic Output for µP Reset Control. Whenever VCC falls below either the reset voltage threshold (2.90V, typically) or VBATT, RESET goes active low. After VCC returns to 3.3V, the reset pulse generator forces RESET to remain active low for a minimum of 140ms. When the watchdog timer is enabled but not serviced prior to a preset time-out period, the reset pulse generator also forces RESET to active low for a minimum of 140ms for every preset time-out period (see Figure 11). The reset active time is adjustable on the LTC695-3.3. An external push-button reset can be used in connection with the RESET output. See Push-Button Reset in Applications Information section. RESET: Active High Logic Ouput. It is the inverse of RESET. LOW LINE: Logic Output from Comparator C1. LOW LINE indicates a low line condition at the VCC input. When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold (2.90V typically), LOW LINE goes low. As soon as VCC rises above the reset voltage threshold, LOW LINE returns high (see Figure 1). LOW LINE goes low when VCC drops below VBATT (see Table 1). WDI: Watchdog Input. WDI is a three-level input. Driving WDI either high or low for longer than the watchdog timeout period, forces both RESET and WDO low. Floating WDI disables the watchdog timer. The timer resets itself with each transition of the watchdog input (see Figure 11). WDO: Watchdog Logic Output. When the watchdog input remains either high or low for longer than the watchdog time-out period, WDO goes low. WDO is set high whenever there is a transition on the WDI pin, or LOW LINE goes low. The watchdog timer can be disabled by floating WDI (see Figure 11). CE IN: Logic Input to the Chip Enable Gating Circuit. CE IN can be derived from microprocessor’s address line and/or decoder output. See Applications Information section and Figure 5 for additional information. CE OUT: Logic Output on the Chip Enable Gating Circuit. When VCC is above the reset voltage threshold, CE OUT is a buffered replica of CE IN. When VCC is below the reset voltage threshold CE OUT is forced high (see Figure 5). OSC SEL: Oscillator Selection Input. When OSC SEL is high or floating, the internal oscillator sets the reset active time and watchdog time-out period. Forcing OSC SEL low, allows OSC IN to be driven from an external clock signal or an external capacitor can be connected between OSC IN and GND. 6 U U U LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 PI FU CTIO S OSC IN: Oscillator Input. OSC IN can be driven by an external clock signal or an external capacitor can be connected between OSC IN and GND when OSC SEL is forced low. In this configuration the nominal reset active time and watchdog time-out period are determined by the number of clocks or set by the formula (see Applications Information section). When OSC SEL is high or floating, the internal oscillator is enabled and the reset active time is fixed at 200ms typical for the LTC695-3.3. OSC IN selects between the 1.6 seconds and 100ms typical watchdog time-out periods. In both cases, the time-out period immediately after a reset is 1.6 seconds typical. BLOCK DIAGRA VBATT VCC CE IN – C3 + PFI OSC IN OSC OSC SEL WDI W U U U M2 M1 VOUT CHARGE PUMP – C2 + LOW LINE + C1 – 1.3V BATT ON CE OUT GND PFO RESET RESET PULSE GENERATOR RESET WATCHDOG TIMER WDO 694/5-3.3 BD TRANSITION DETECTOR 7 LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO Microprocessor Reset The LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 use a bandgap voltage reference and a precision voltage comparator C1 to monitor the 3.3V supply input on VCC (see Block Diagram). When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold, the RESET output is forced to active low state. The reset voltage threshold accounts for a 10% variation on VCC, so the RESET output becomes active low when VCC falls below 3.0V (2.9V typical). On power-up, the RESET signal is held active low for a minimum of 140ms after reset voltage threshold is reached to allow the power supply and microprocessor to stabilize. The reset active time is adjustable on the LTC6953.3. On power-down, the RESET signal remains active low even with VCC as low as 1V. This capability helps hold the microprocessor in stable shutdown condition. Figure 1 shows the timing diagram of the RESET signal. The precision voltage comparator, C1, typically has 40mV of hysteresis which ensures that glitches at VCC pin do not activate the RESET output. Response time is typically 10µs. To help prevent mistriggering due to transient loads, the VCC pin should be bypassed with a 0.1µF capacitor with the leads trimmed as short as possible. The LTC695-3.3 has two additional outputs: RESET and LOW LINE. RESET is an active high output and is the inverse of RESET. LOW LINE is the output of the precision voltage comparator C1. When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold, LOW LINE goes low. LOW LINE returns high as soon as VCC rises above the reset voltage threshold. V2 VCC RESET t1 LOW LINE 694/5-3.3 F01 Figure 1. Reset Active Time 8 U Battery Switchover The battery switchover circuit compares VCC to the VBATT input, and connects VOUT to whichever is higher. When VCC rises to 70mV above VBATT, the battery switchover comparator, C2, connects VOUT to VCC through a chargepumped NMOS power switch, M1. When VCC falls to 50mV above VBATT, C2 connects VOUT to VBATT through a PMOS switch, M2. C2 has typically 20mV of hysteresis to prevent spurious switching when VCC remains nearly equal to VBATT. The response time of C2 is approximately 20µs. During normal operation, the LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 use a charge-pumped NMOS power switch to achieve low dropout and low supply current. This power switch can deliver up to 50mA to VOUT from VCC and has a typical on resistance of 5Ω. The VOUT pin should be bypassed with a capacitor of 0.1µF or greater to ensure stability. Use of a larger bypass capacitor is advantageous for supplying current to heavy transient loads. When operating currents larger than 50mA are required from VOUT, or a lower dropout (VCC-VOUT voltage differential) is desired, the LTC695-3.3 should be used. This product provides BATT ON output to drive the base of an external PNP transistor (Figure 2). If higher currents are needed with the LTC694-3.3, a high current Schottky diode can be connected from the VCC pin to the VOUT pin to supply the extra current. V1 V2 V1 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD V2 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD + RESET THRESHOLD HYSTERESIS V1 t1 t1 = RESET ACTIVE TIME W U UO LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO ANY PNP POWER TRANSISTOR 5 3.3V 3 0.1µF 1 2.4V BATT ON 2 VOUT VCC LTC695-3.3 VBATT GND 4 694/5-3.3 F02 0.1µF Figure 2. Using BATT ON to Drive External PNP Transistor The LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 are protected for safe area operation with short-circuit limit. Output current is limited to approximately 200mA. If the device is overloaded for a long period of time, thermal shutdown turns the power switch off until the device cools down. The threshhold temperature for thermal shutdown is approximately 155°C with about 10°C of hysteresis which prevents the device from oscillating in and out of shutdown. The PNP switch used in competitive devices was not chosen for the internal power switch because it injects unwanted current into the substrate. This current is collected by the VBATT pin in competitive devices and adds to the charging current of the battery which can damage lithium batteries. The LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 use a chargepumped NMOS power switch to eliminate unwanted charging current while achieving low dropout and low supply current. Since no current goes to the substrate, the current collected by VBATT pin is strictly junction leakage. A 125Ω PMOS switch connects the VBATT input to VOUT in battery back-up mode. The switch is designed for very low dropout voltage (input-to-output differential). This feature is advantageous for low current applications such as battery back-up in CMOS RAM and other low power CMOS circuitry. The supply current in battery back-up mode is 1µA maximum. The operating voltage at the VBATT pin ranges from 1.5V to 2.75V. The charging resistor for rechargeable batteries should be connected to VOUT since this eliminates the discharge path that exists when the resistor is connected to VCC (Figure 3). U I= VOUT – VBATT R R 3.3V 0.1µF LTC694-3.3 LTC695-3.3 VBATT GND VCC VOUT 0.1µF 2.4V 694/5-3.3 F03 W U UO Figure 3. Charging External Battery Through VOUT Replacing the Back-Up Battery When changing the back-up battery with system power on, spurious resets can occur while the battery is removed due to battery standby current. Although battery standby current is only a tiny leakage current, it can still charge up the stray capacitance on the VBATT pin. The oscillation cycle is as follows: When VBATT reaches within 50mV of VCC, the LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 switch to battery backup. VOUT pulls VBATT low and the device goes back to normal operation. The leakage current then charges up the VBATT pin again and the cycle repeats. If spurious resets during battery replacement pose no problems, then no action is required. Otherwise, a resistor from VBATT to GND will hold the pin low while changing the battery. For example, the battery standby current is 1µA maximum over temperature so the external resistor required to hold VBATT below VCC is: V – 50mV R ≤ CC 1µA With VCC = 3V, a 2.7M resistor will work. With a 2V battery, this resistor will draw only 0.7µA from the battery, which is negligible in most cases. If battery connections are made through long wires, a 10Ω to 100Ω series resistor and a 0.1µF capacitor are recommended to prevent any overshoot beyond VCC due to the lead inductance (Figure 4). 9 LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO VBATT 2.7M 0.1µF LTC694-3.3 LTC695-3.3 10Ω GND 694/5-3.3 F04 Figure 4. 10Ω /0.1µF Combination Eliminates Inductive Overshoot and Prevents Spurious Resets During Battery Replacement. The 2.7M Pulls the VBATT Pin to Ground While the Battery is Removed, Eliminating Spurious Resets Table 1. Input and Output Status in Battery Back-Up Mode SIGNAL VCC VOUT VBATT BATT ON PFI PFO RESET RESET WDI WDO CE IN CE OUT OSC IN OSC SEL STATUS C2 monitors VCC for active switchover VOUT is connected to VBATT through an internal PMOS switch The supply current is 1µA maximum. Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT Power failure input is ignored Logic low Logic low Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT Watchdog input is ignored. Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT Chip Enable input is ignored. Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT OSC IN is ignored OSC SEL is ignored LOW LINE Logic low VCC CE IN CE OUT VOUT = VBATT Figure 5. Timing Diagram for CE IN and CE OUT 10 U Table 1 shows the state of each pin during battery back-up. When the battery switchover section is not used, connect VBATT to GND and VOUT to VCC. Memory Protection The LTC695-3.3 includes memory protection circuitry which ensures the integrity of the data in memory by preventing write operations when VCC is at invalid level. Two additional pins, CE IN and CE OUT, control the Chip Enable or Write inputs of CMOS RAM. When VCC is 3.3V, CE OUT follows CE IN with a typical propagation delay of 30ns. When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold or VBATT, CE OUT is forced high, independent of CE IN. CE OUT is an alternative signal to drive the CE, CS, or Write input of battery backed up CMOS RAM. CE OUT can also be used to drive the Store or Write input of an EEPROM, EAROM or NOVRAM to achieve similar protection. Figure 5 shows the timing diagram of CE IN and CE OUT. CE IN can be derived from the microprocessor’s address decoder output. Figure 6 shows a typical nonvolatile CMOS RAM application. Memory protection can also be achieved with the LTC6943.3 by using RESET as shown in Figure 7. Power-Fail Warning The LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 generate a Power Failure Output (PFO) for early warning of failure in the microprocessor’s power supply. This is accomplished by V2 V1 V1 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD V2 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD + RESET THRESHOLD HYSTERESIS VOUT = VBATT 694/5-3.3 F05 W U UO LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3 APPLICATI 3.3V 0.1µF VCC S I FOR ATIO + 10µF 0.1µF VOUT VCC 62512 RAM CS GND LTC695-3.3 CE OUT VBATT CE IN RESET RESET 30ns PROPAGATION DELAY FROM DECODER 2.4V GND TO µP Figure 6. A Typical Nonvolatile CMOS RAM Application 3.3V 0.1µF VCC VOUT + 10µF 0.1µF CS VCC 62128 RAM CS1 CS2 GND 694/5-3.3 F07 LTC694-3.3 VBATT 2.4V RESET GND Figure 7. Write Protect for RAM with LTC694-3.3 VIN ≥ 5V + R1 51k LT1129-3.3 VIN VOUT 10µF OUT SENSE SHDN ADJ 3.3V + VCC LTC694-3.3 LTC695-3.3 PFO PFI GND 100µF R3 200k 0.1µF R4 10k R2 16k TO µP 694/5-3.3 F08 Figure 8. Monitoring Unregulated DC Supply with the LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3’s Power-Fail Comparator VIN ≥ 6.5V + LT1129-3.3 VIN VOUT OUT SENSE SHDN ADJ 10µF 3.3V R1 27k R4 10k R3 2.7M 0.1µF VCC LTC694-3.3 LTC695-3.3 PFO PFI GND TO µP 10µF + R2 16k R5 5k Figure 9. Monitoring Regulated DC Supply with the LTC694-3.3/LTC695-3.3’s Power-Fail Comparator U comparing the power failure input (PFI) with an internal 1.3V reference. PFO goes low when the voltage at the PFI pin is less than 1.3V. Typically PFI is driven by an external voltage divider (R1 and R2 in Figures 8 and 9) which senses either an unregulated DC input or a regulated 3.3V output. The voltage divider ratio can be chosen such that the voltage at the PFI pin falls below 1.3V several milliseconds before the 3.3V supply falls below the maximum reset voltage threshold 3.0V. PFO is normally used to interrupt the microprocessor to execute shutdown procedure between PFO and RESET or RESET. The power-fail comparator, C3, does not have hysteresis. Hysteresis can be added however, by connecting a resistor between the PFO output and the noninverting PFI input pin as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The upper and lower trip points in the comparator are established as follows: When PFO output is low, R3 sinks current from the summing junction at the PFI pin. 694/5-3.3 F06 W U UO  R1 R1 VH =1.3V  1+ +  R2 R3  When PFO output is high, the series combination of R3 and R4 source current into the PFI summing junction.  R1 (3.3V – 1.3V)R1 VL = 1.3V 1 + –   R2 1.3V(R3 + R4)  Assuming R4