MAX9790BETJ

19-0606; Rev 3; 9/09 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers General Description The MAX9789/MAX9790 combine a stereo, 2W Class AB speaker power amplifier with a stereo 100mW DirectDrive® headphone amplifier in a single device. The MAX9789/MAX9790 are designed for use with the Microsoft Windows Vista® operating system and are fully compliant with Microsoft’s Windows Vista specifications. The headphone amplifier features Maxim’s patented† DirectDrive architecture that produces a ground-referenced output from a single supply to eliminate the need for large DC-blocking capacitors, as well as save cost, board space, and component height. A high +90dB PSRR and low 0.002% THD+N ensures clean, low-distortion amplification of the audio signal. Separate speaker and headphone amplifier control inputs provide independent shutdown of the speaker and headphone amplifiers, allowing speaker and headphone amplifiers to be active simultaneously, if required. The industry-leading click-and-pop suppression circuitry reduces audible transients during startup and shutdown cycles. The MAX9789 features an internal LDO that can be used as a clean power supply for a CODEC or other circuits. The LDO output voltage is set internally at 4.75V or can be adjusted between 1.21V and 4.75V using a simple resistive divider. The LDO is protected against thermal overloads and short circuits while providing 120mA of continuous output current and can be enabled independently of the audio amplifiers. By disabling the speaker and headphone amplifiers, and the LDO (for MAX9789), the MAX9789/MAX9790 enter low-power shutdown mode and draw only 0.3µA. The MAX9789/MAX9790 operate from a single 4.5V to 5.5V supply and feature thermal-overload and output short-circuit protection. Devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C extended temperature range. Features o Microsoft Windows Vista Compliant o Class AB 2W Stereo BTL Speaker Amplifier o 100mW DirectDrive Headphone Amplifier Eliminates Costly, Bulky DC-Blocking Capacitors o Excellent RF Immunity o Integrated 120mA LDO (MAX9789) o High +90dB PSRR, Low 0.002% THD+N o Low-Power Shutdown Mode o Click-and-Pop Suppression o Short-Circuit and Thermal-Overload Protection o Available in 32-Pin Thin QFN (5mm x 5mm x 0.8mm) Package MAX9789/MAX9790 Ordering Information PART MAX9789AETJ+ MAX9789CETJ+ MAX9790AETJ+ PIN-PACKAGE INTERNAL LDO tON (ms) 32 TQFN-EP* 32 TQFN-EP* 32 TQFN-EP* Yes Yes Yes No 100 25 100 100 MAX9789BETJ+** 32 TQFN-EP* MAX9790BETJ+** 32 TQFN-EP* No 25 Note: All devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C extended temperature range. +Denotes a lead-free/RoHS-compliant package. *EP = Exposed pad. **Future product—contact factory for availability. Simplified Block Diagrams SPEAKER SUPPLY 4.5V TO 5.5V HEADPHONE SUPPLY 3.0V TO 5.5V SPKR_INR Applications Notebook Computers Tablet PCs Portable Multimedia Players Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet. †U.S. Patent # 7,061,327. MAX9789 SPKR_INL HP_INR HP_INL SPKR_EN HP_EN MUTE GAIN1 GAIN2 4.5V TO 5.5V LDO 1.21V TO 4.75V Windows Vista is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp. DirectDrive is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Simplified Block Diagrams continued at end of data sheet. 1 ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage (VDD, PVDD, HPVDD, CPVDD to GND) ..................................................-0.3V to +6.0V GND to PGND, CPGND ......................................................±0.3V CPVSS, C1N, VSS to GND......................................-6.0V to +0.3V HPR, HPL to GND ...............................................................±3.0V Any Other Pin .............................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Duration of OUT_+, OUT_- Short Circuit to GND or PVDD ......................................................Continuous Duration of Short Circuit between OUT_+, OUT_and LDO_OUT.........................................................Continuous Duration of Short Circuit between HPR, HPL and GND, VSS or HPVDD ..........................................................Continuous Continuous Current (PVDD, OUT_+, OUT_-, PGND).............1.7A Continuous Current (CPVDD, C1N, C1P, CPVSS, PVSS, VDD, HPVDD, LDO_OUT, HPR, HPL) .............................850mA Continuous Input Current (all other pins) .........................±20mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 32-Pin Thin QFN Single-Layer Board (derate 18.6mW/°C above +70°C) ..............................1489mW θJA ...........................................................................53.7°C/W θJC ...........................................................................19.9°C/W 32-Pin Thin QFN Multilayer Board (derate 24.9 mW/°C above +70°C) .............................1990mW θJA ...........................................................................40.2°C/W θJC ...........................................................................19.9°C/W Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7 using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = HP_EN = VLDO_EN (MAX9789 only) = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = SPKR_EN = VLDO_SET (MAX9789 only) = 0V, ILDO_OUT (MAX9789 only) = 0, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, VGAIN1 = 0, VGAIN2 = 5V (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER GENERAL Supply Voltage Headphone Supply Voltage VDD, PVDD CPVDD, HPVDD Guaranteed by PSRR and LDO Line Regulation Tests Guaranteed by PSRR Test SPKR_EN 1 (MAX9789) Quiescent Current IDD 1 (MAX9790) 1 0 0 Shutdown Current Bias Voltage Shutdown to Full Operation Gain Switching Time Channel-to-Channel Gain Tracking SPEAKER AMPLIFIER Output Power Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise POUT THD+N THD+N = 1%, f = 1kHz, TA = +25°C RL = 8Ω, POUT = 1W, f = 1kHz RL = 4Ω, POUT = 1W, f = 1kHz RL = 4Ω RL = 8Ω 2 1 0.002 0.004 W % ISHDN VBIAS tSON tSW MAX9789A/MAX9789C/MAX9790A MAX9789B/MAX9790B HP_EN 0 (MAX9789) 0 (MAX9790) 1 0 1 1.7 0.1 0.3 7 14 18 0.3 1.8 100 25 10 ±0.1 0.4 6 13 29 40 6 1.9 µA V ms µs dB mA mA µA 4.5 3.0 5.5 5.5 V V SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS SPKR_EN = VDD, HP_EN = LDO_EN = GND 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = HP_EN = VLDO_EN (MAX9789 only) = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = SPKR_EN = VLDO_SET (MAX9789 only) = 0V, ILDO_OUT (MAX9789 only) = 0, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, VGAIN1 = 0, VGAIN2 = 5V (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER Power-Supply Rejection Ratio SYMBOL PSRR CONDITIONS VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, TA = +25°C f = 1kHz, 200mVP-P (Note 4) f = 10kHz, 200mVP-P (Note 4) GAIN1 0 Voltage Gain AV 0 1 1 GAIN1 Input Impedance RIN 0 0 1 1 Output Offset Voltage VOS Measured between OUT_+ and OUT_-, TA = +25°C GAIN2 0 1 0 1 GAIN2 0 1 0 1 80 65 45 25 ±1 MAX9789C ±1 -50 dBV -50 102 99 30 200 -70 1.4 THD+N = 1%, f = 1kHz, TA = +25°C RL = 16Ω RL = 32Ω 100 55 -77 0.02 0.03 -94 dB FS dB µVRMS pF dB V/µs ±15 mV ±25 kΩ 6 10 15.6 21.6 dB MIN 72 TYP 90 70 50 dB MAX UNITS MAX9789/MAX9790 Measured at speaker amplifier inputs Click-and-Pop Level KCP RL = 8Ω, peak voltage, Into shutdown A-weighted, 32 samples per second (Notes 3, 4) Out of shutdown RL = 8Ω, POUT = 1W BW = 22Hz to 22kHz No sustained oscillations L to R, R to L, RL = 8Ω, FS = 0.707VRMS, VOUT = 70.7nVRMS, 20kHz AES17, BW = 20Hz to 20kHz A-weighted f = 22Hz to 22kHz Signal-to-Noise Ratio Noise Capacitive-Load Drive Crosstalk Slew Rate HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER Output Power SNR Vn CL SR POUT mW RL = 32Ω, FS = 0.300VRMS, VOUT = 210mVRMS, 20kHz AES17, BW = 20Hz to 20kHz Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise THD+N RL = 32Ω, POUT = 40mW, f = 1kHz RL = 16Ω, POUT = 60mW, f = 1kHz RL = 10kΩ, FS = 0.707VRMS, VOUT = 500mVRMS, 20kHz AES17, BW = 20Hz to 20kHz dB FS % _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = HP_EN = VLDO_EN (MAX9789 only) = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = SPKR_EN = VLDO_SET (MAX9789 only) = 0V, ILDO_OUT (MAX9789 only) = 0, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, VGAIN1 = 0, VGAIN2 = 5V (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER Power-Supply Rejection Ratio Voltage Gain Input Impedance Output Offset Voltage SYMBOL PSRR AV RIN VOS KCP Measured at headphone amplifier inputs MAX9789C RL = 32Ω, peak voltage, Into shutdown A-weighted, 32 samples per second (Notes 3, 4) Out of shutdown RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz, A-weighted, FS = 0.300VRMS, VOUT = 300µVRMS RL = 10kΩ, f = 1kHz, A-weighted, FS = 0.707VRMS, VOUT = 707µVRMS RL = 32Ω, POUT = 60mW BW = 22Hz to 22kHz No sustained oscillations RL = 32Ω, FS = 0.300VRMS, VOUT = 30mVRMS RL = 10kΩ, FS = 0.707VRMS, VOUT = 70.7mVRMS 500 Charge-Pump Frequency fOSC MAX9789C Inferred from line regulation IOUT = 0mA IOUT = 120mA VOUT = 4.75V, IOUT = 0mA, f = 1kHz, speaker POUT = 2W, speaker RL = 4Ω IOUT = 1mA MAX9789C 1.21 1.18 1.18 1.21 1.21 200 475 4.5 0.1 -40 120 -95 ±1.5 ±3.0 4.75 1.23 1.25 LOW-DROPOUT LINEAR REGULATOR Regulator Input Voltage Range Ground Current Output Current Crosstalk Fixed Output Voltage Accuracy Adjustable Output Voltage Range LDO_SET Reference Voltage LDO_SET Dual-Mode Threshold VSET MAX9789C VDD IGND IOUT 5.5 0.4 V mA mA dB % V V mV 22Hz to 22kHz A-weighted TA = +25°C 20 CONDITIONS HPVDD = 3V to 5.5V, TA = +25°C f = 1kHz, VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P (Note 4) f = 10kHz, VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P (Note 4) MIN 70 TYP 95 84 63 3.5 40 ±2 ±2 -60 dBV -60 89 dB FS 97 100 103 12 200 -74 dB -77 0.4 550 550 V/µs 625 625 kHz dB µVRMS pF 80 ±7 ±10 dB kΩ mV dB MAX UNITS Click-and-Pop Level Dynamic Range DR Signal-to-Noise Ratio Noise Capacitive-Load Drive SNR Vn CL Crosstalk L to R, R to L, 20kHz AES17 BW = 20Hz to 20kHz Slew Rate SR 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = HP_EN = VLDO_EN (MAX9789 only) = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = SPKR_EN = VLDO_SET (MAX9789 only) = 0V, ILDO_OUT (MAX9789 only) = 0, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, VGAIN1 = 0, VGAIN2 = 5V (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER LDO_SET Input Bias Current (Note 5) Dropout Voltage (Note 6) Current Limit Startup Time Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Output Voltage Noise VIN = 4.5V to 5.5V, LDO_OUT = 2.5V, ILDO_OUT = 1mA VLDO_OUT = 4.75V, 1mA < ILDO_OUT < 120mA VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P ILDO_OUT = 10mA f = 1kHz f = 10kHz -4.8 SYMBOL ISET VDO ILIM VOUT = 4.75V (fixed output operation), TA = +25°C IOUT = 50mA IOUT = 120mA CONDITIONS MIN TYP ±20 25 75 300 20 +0.8 0.2 59 42 125 +4.8 MAX ±500 50 mV 150 mA µs mV/V mV/mA dB µVRMS UNITS nA MAX9789/MAX9790 20Hz to 22kHz, CLDO_OUT = 2 x 1µF, ILDO_OUT = 120mA VINH VINL 2 DIGITAL INPUTS (SPKR_EN, HP_EN, MUTE, GAIN1, GAIN2, LDO_EN (MAX9789 Only)) Input-Voltage High Input-Voltage Low Input Bias Current V 0.8 ±1 V µA Note 2: All devices are 100% production tested at room temperature. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 3: Specified at room temperature with an 8Ω resistive load connected across BTL output for speaker amplifier. Specified at room temperature with a 32Ω resistive load connected between HPR, HPL, and GND for headphone amplifier. Speaker and headphone mode transitions are controlled by SPKR_EN and HP_EN control pins, respectively. Note 4: Amplifier inputs AC-coupled to GND. Note 5: Maximum value is due to test limitations. Note 6: VLDO_OUT = VLDO_OUTNOMINAL - 2%. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Typical Operating Characteristics (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = LDO_EN = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = VLDO_SET = 0V, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = CIN = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, GAIN1 = 0, GAIN2 = 1 (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), measurement BW = 20kHz AES17, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Headphone mode: SPKR_EN = 1, HP_EN = 0. Speaker mode: SPKR_EN = 0, HP_EN = 1.) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc01 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc02 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE (HEADPHONE MODE) RL = 10kΩ MAX9789 toc03 -60 FS = 0.707VRMS VOUT = -3dB FS RL = 10kΩ -60 HPVDD = 3V FS = 0.707VRMS VOUT = -3dB FS RL = 10kΩ 10 -70 THD+N (dB FS) -70 THD+N (dB FS) 1 THD+N (%) fIN = 20Hz 0.1 fIN = 10kHz -80 -80 -90 -100 -90 0.01 fIN = 1kHz -110 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k -100 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 0.001 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VRMS) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc04 CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc05 HEADPHONE OUTPUT SPECTRUM 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 0 5k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) FS = 0.300VRMS VOUT = -60dB FS RL = 10kΩ MAX9789 toc06 MAX9789 toc09 10 HPVDD = 3V RL = 10kΩ 0 -10 -20 CROSSTALK (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 LEFT TO RIGHT FS = 0.707VRMS VOUT = -20dB FS RL = 10kΩ 1 THD+N (%) fIN = 20Hz 0.1 fIN = 10kHz 0.01 fIN = 1kHz 0.001 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VRMS) -80 -90 -100 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k RIGHT TO LEFT CROSSTALK (dB) 15k 20k TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (SPEAKER MODE) MAX9789 toc07 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (SPEAKER MODE) MAX9789 toc08 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (SPEAKER MODE) -75 -80 -85 VOUT = -3dB FS -75 VOUT = -3dB FS -80 THD+N (dB FS) -75 -80 THD+N (dB FS) VOUT = -3dB FS -85 -85 THD+N (dB FS) -90 -95 -100 -90 -90 -95 FS = 0.707VRMS RL = 3 Ω -100 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k -95 FS = 0.707VRMS RL = 4 Ω 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k -105 -110 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k FS = 0.707VRMS RL = 8 Ω -100 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = LDO_EN = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = VLDO_SET = 0V, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = CIN = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, GAIN1 = 0, GAIN2 = 1 (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), measurement BW = 20kHz AES17, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Headphone mode: SPKR_EN = 1, HP_EN = 0. Speaker mode: SPKR_EN = 0, HP_EN = 1.) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER (SPEAKER MODE) MAX9789 toc10 MAX9789/MAX9790 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER (SPEAKER MODE) RL = 4 Ω MAX9789 toc11 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER (SPEAKER MODE) RL = 8 Ω MAX9789 toc12 10 RL = 3 Ω 10 10 1 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) 1 THD+N (%) 1 0.1 fIN = 10kHz 0.1 fIN = 10kHz 0.1 fIN = 10kHz fIN = 20Hz fIN = 1kHz 0.01 fIN = 20Hz 0.001 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 OUTPUT POWER (W) fIN = 1kHz 0.01 0.01 0.001 0 fIN = 20Hz 0.5 1.0 1.5 fIN = 1kHz 2.0 2.5 0.001 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 OUTPUT POWER (W) OUTPUT POWER (W) CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY (SPEAKER MODE) MAX9789 toc13 SPEAKER OUTPUT SPECTRUM 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 0 5k MAX9789 toc14 OUTPUT POWER vs. LOAD RESISTANCE (SPEAKER MODE) fIN = 1kHz MAX9789 toc15 0 -10 -20 CROSSTALK (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k LEFT TO RIGHT RIGHT TO LEFT FS = 0.707VRMS VOUT = -20dB FS RL = 8 Ω 3.5 3.0 OUTPUT POWER (W) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 THD+N = 1% 0.5 0 THD+N = 10% FS = 0.707VRMS VOUT = -60dB FS RL = 8 Ω CROSSTALK (dB) 100k 10k 15k FREQUENCY (Hz) 20k 1 10 RL ( Ω ) 100 POWER DISSIPATION PER CHANNEL vs. OUTPUT POWER (SPEAKER MODE) MAX9789 toc16 POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (SPEAKER MODE) -10 -20 -30 PSRR (dB) VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P OUTPUT REFERRED MAX9789 toc17 1.50 POWER DISSIPATION PER CHANNEL (W) fIN = 1kHz 1.25 1.00 RL = 4 Ω 0.75 0.50 0.25 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (W) RL = 8 Ω 0 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 100 2.0 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = LDO_EN = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = VLDO_SET = 0V, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = CIN = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, GAIN1 = 0, GAIN2 = 1 (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), measurement BW = 20kHz AES17, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Headphone mode: SPKR_EN = 1, HP_EN = 0. Speaker mode: SPKR_EN = 0, HP_EN = 1.) SPEAKER STARTUP WAVEFORM MAX9789 toc18 SPEAKER STARTUP WAVEFORM MAX9789 toc19 MAX9789A/MAX9789C/MAX9790A SPKR_EN 5V/div OUT_+ AND OUT_2V/div MAX9789B/MAX9790B SPKR_EN 5V/div OUT_+ AND OUT_2V/div OUT_+ - OUT_100mV/div OUT_+ - OUT_100mV/div 20ms/div 20ms/div SPEAKER SHUTDOWN WAVEFORM MAX9789 toc20 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) SPKR_EN 5V/div THD+N (dB FS) OUT_+ AND OUT_2V/div -70 -75 -80 -85 -90 -95 -100 -105 -110 FS = 0.300VRMS RL = 32Ω 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k VOUT = -3dB FS MAX9789 toc21 -65 OUT_+ - OUT_100mV/div 20ms/div TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc22 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc23 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) -70 -75 THD+N (dB FS) -80 -85 -90 -95 -100 HPVDD = 3V FS = 0.300VRMS RL = 1 6 Ω 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k VOUT = -3dB FS MAX9789 toc24 -65 -70 -75 THD+N (dB FS) -80 -85 -90 -95 -100 -105 -110 10 HPVDD = 3V FS = 0.300VRMS RL = 3 2 Ω 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k VOUT = -3dB FS -65 -70 -75 THD+N (dB FS) -80 -85 -90 -95 -100 -105 -110 FS = 0.300VRMS RL = 16Ω 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k VOUT = -3dB FS -65 -105 -110 100k 100k 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = LDO_EN = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = VLDO_SET = 0V, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = CIN = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, GAIN1 = 0, GAIN2 = 1 (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), measurement BW = 20kHz AES17, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Headphone mode: SPKR_EN = 1, HP_EN = 0. Speaker mode: SPKR_EN = 0, HP_EN = 1.) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc25 MAX9789/MAX9790 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc26 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc27 10 10 10 f = 10kHz THD+N (%) THD+N (%) THD+N (%) 1 f = 10kHz 1 f = 1kHz f = 10kHz 1 f = 20Hz f = 1kHz f = 20Hz 0.1 f = 1kHz 0.1 f = 20Hz 0.1 0.01 0 50 100 OUTPUT POWER (mW) RL = 16Ω 150 200 0.01 0 20 40 60 OUTPUT POWER (mW) RL = 32Ω 80 100 0.01 0 50 100 HPVDD = 3V RL = 16Ω 150 OUTPUT POWER (mW) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT POWER (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc28 CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) -10 -20 -30 CROSSTALK (dB) -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 LEFT TO RIGHT AMPLITUDE (dB) FS = 0.300VRMS VOUT = -20dB FS RL = 32Ω MAX9789 toc29 HEADPHONE OUTPUT SPECTRUM 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 0 5 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) FS = 0.707VRMS VOUT = -60dB FS RL = 32Ω MAX9789 toc30 10 0 1 THD+N (%) f = 20Hz f = 10kHz 0.1 f = 1kHz 0.01 0 20 40 60 OUTPUT POWER (mW) HPVDD = 3V RL = 32Ω 80 100 -100 -110 10 100 RIGHT TO LEFT 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 15 20 OUTPUT POWER vs. LOAD RESISTANCE (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc31 OUTPUT POWER vs. LOAD RESISTANCE (HEADPHONE MODE) HPVDD = 3V fIN = 1kHz OUTPUT POWER (mW) MAX9789 toc32 150 fIN = 1kHz 100 OUTPUT POWER (mW) 100 THD+N = 10% 50 THD+N = 10% 50 THD+N = 1% THD+N = 1% 0 10 100 RL ( Ω ) 1000 0 10 100 RL ( Ω ) 1000 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = LDO_EN = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = VLDO_SET = 0V, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = CIN = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, GAIN1 = 0, GAIN2 = 1 (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), measurement BW = 20kHz AES17, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Headphone mode: SPKR_EN = 1, HP_EN = 0. Speaker mode: SPKR_EN = 0, HP_EN = 1.) POWER DISSIPATION vs. OUTPUT POWER (HEADPHONE MODE) MAX9789 toc33 POWER DISSIPATION PER CHANNEL vs. OUTPUT POWER (HEADPHONE MODE) POWER DISSIPATION PER CHANNEL (mW) HPVDD = 3V 100 MAX9789 toc34 300 POWER DISSIPATION PER CHANNEL (mW) 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 25 50 75 100 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) 125 RL = 16Ω 75 RL = 16Ω 50 RL = 32Ω RL = 32Ω 25 0 125 0 20 40 60 OUTPUT POWER PER CHANNEL (mW) 80 HEADPHONE OUTPUT POWER vs. HPVDD MAX9789 toc35 POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) -10 -20 -30 PSRR (dB) -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P OUTPUT REFERRED MAX9789 toc36 125 HEADPHONE OUTPUT POWER (mW) 0 100 RL = 16Ω 75 50 RL = 32Ω THD+N = 1% fIN = 1kHz 0 3.0 3.5 4.0 HPVDD (V) 4.5 5.0 25 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k HEADPHONE STARTUP WAVEFORM MAX9789 toc37 HEADPHONE STARTUP WAVEFORM MAX9789 toc38 MAX9789A/MAX9789C/MAX9790A HP_EN 5V/div MAX9789B/MAX9790B HP_EN 5V/div HP_ 500mV/div HP_ 500mV/div 20ms/div 20ms/div 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = LDO_EN = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = VLDO_SET = 0V, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = CIN = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, GAIN1 = 0, GAIN2 = 1 (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), measurement BW = 20kHz AES17, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Headphone mode: SPKR_EN = 1, HP_EN = 0. Speaker mode: SPKR_EN = 0, HP_EN = 1.) HEADPHONE SHUTDOWN WAVEFORM MAX9789 toc39 MAX9789/MAX9790 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX9789 toc40 20 HP_EN 5V/div SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 15 SPKR_EN = 0 HP_EN = 1 10 SPKR_EN = 0 HP_EN = 0 SPKR_EN = 1 HP_EN = 0 HP_ 500mV/div 5 SPKR_EN = 1 HP_EN = 1 0 -5 20ms/div 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.50 SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX9789 toc41 LDO OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY vs. ILOAD VLDO_OUT = 4.75V LDO OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY (%) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 0 25 50 75 100 ILOAD (mA) 125 150 MAX9789 toc42 0.3 SPKR_EN = 5V HP_EN = 0 LDO_EN = 0 (MAX9789) 0.2 2.0 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (μA) 0.1 0 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.50 LDO OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY vs. AMPLIFIER OUTPUT POWER MAX9789 toc43 LDO OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY vs. TEMPERATURE LDO OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY (%) ILDO_OUT = 1mA 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 MAX9789 toc44 0.10 LDO OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY (%) VLDO_OUT = 4.75V ILDO_OUT = 0A 0.05 2.0 0 -0.05 -0.10 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 AMPLIFIER OUTPUT POWER (W) 3.0 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = PVDD = CPVDD = HPVDD = LDO_EN = +5V, VGND = VPGND = VCPGND = VLDO_SET = 0V, C1 = C2 = CBIAS = CIN = 1µF. RL = ∞, unless otherwise specified, GAIN1 = 0, GAIN2 = 1 (AVSP = 10dB, AVHP = 3.5dB), measurement BW = 20kHz AES17, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Headphone mode: SPKR_EN = 1, HP_EN = 0. Speaker mode: SPKR_EN = 0, HP_EN = 1.) DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. ILOAD MAX9789 toc45 RIPPLE REJECTION vs. FREQUENCY -10 -20 RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 0.01 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 10 VLDO_OUT = 3.3V VLDO_OUT = 4.75V VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P IOUT = 10mA OUTPUT REFERRED MAX9789 toc46 OUTPUT NOISE vs. FREQUENCY MAX9789 toc47 100 90 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 25 50 75 ILOAD (mA) 100 125 VLDO_OUT = 3.3V VLDO_OUT = 4.75V 0 10 OUTPUT NOISE (μV√Hz) 1 0.1 150 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX9789 toc48 LDO LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX9789 toc49 VDD 1V/div 5.5V 4.5V ILDO_OUT 15mA/div LDO_OUT (AC-COUPLED) 20mV/div AC-COUPLED VLDO_OUT 10mV/div 1ms/div 20ms/div LDO SHUTDOWN RESPONSE MAX9789 toc50 LDO CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY -30 LDO_EN 2V/div CROSSTALK (dB) -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 LEFT SPEAKER TO LDO 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k RIGHT SPEAKER TO LDO VLDO_OUT = 4.75V POUT = 2W RL = 4 Ω IOUT = 0mA MAX9789 toc51 ILOAD = 0mA -20 VLDO_OUT 2V/div 200ms/div -120 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Pin Description PIN NAME MAX9789 1 2 3 4 5, 21 6 7 8, 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 — EP MAX9790 — 2 3 — 5, 21 6 7 8, 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 4, 28 — 30 31 32 1, 29 EP LDO_SET Regulator Feedback Input. Connect to GND for 4.75V fixed output. Connect to a resistordivider for adjustable output. See Figure 1. Left-Channel Speaker Amplifier Input LDO Enable. Connect LDO_EN to VDD to enable the LDO. Power Ground. Star-connect to GND. Left-Channel Speaker Amplifier Output, Positive Phase Left-Channel Speaker Amplifier Output, Negative Phase Speaker Amplifier Power-Supply Input. Bypass with a 0.1µF capacitor to PGND. Charge-Pump Power Supply. Connect a 1µF capacitor between CPVDD and PGND. Charge-Pump Flying Capacitor Positive Terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1P to C1N. Charge-Pump Ground. Connect directly to PGND plane. Charge-Pump Flying Capacitor Negative Terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1P to C1N. Charge-Pump Output. Connect to PVSS. Headphone Amplifier Negative Power Supply. Connect a 1µF capacitor between PVSS and PGND. Right-Channel Headphone Amplifier Output Left-Channel Headphone Amplifier Output Headphone Amplifier Positive Power Supply. Connect a 10µF capacitor between HPVDD and PGND. Right-Channel Speaker Amplifier Output, Negative Phase Right-Channel Speaker Amplifier Output, Positive Phase Active-High Headphone Amplifier Enable Active-Low Speaker Amplifier Enable Common-Mode Bias Voltage. Bypass with a 1µF capacitor to GND. Active-Low Mute Enable. Mutes speaker and headphone amplifiers. Right-Channel Headphone Amplifier Input Left-Channel Headphone Amplifier Input Signal Ground. Star-connect to PGND. LDO Output. Bypass with two 1µF capacitors to GND. Positive Power Supply and LDO Input (MAX9789). Bypass with one 0.1µF capacitor and two 1µF capacitors to GND (MAX9789). Bypass with one 0.1µF capacitor and one 1µF capacitor to GND (MAX9790). Speaker Amplifier Gain Select 1 Speaker Amplifier Gain Select 2 No Connection. Not internally connected. Exposed Paddle. Connect to GND. FUNCTION MAX9789/MAX9790 SPKR_INR Right-Channel Speaker Amplifier Input SPKR_INL LDO_EN PGND OUTL+ OUTLPVDD CPVDD C1P CPGND C1N CPVSS PVSS HPR HPL HPVDD OUTROUTR+ HP_EN SPKR_EN BIAS MUTE HP_INR HP_INL GND LDO_OUT VDD GAIN1 GAIN2 N.C. EP ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Detailed Description The MAX9789/MAX9790 combine a 2W BTL speaker amplifier with an 100mW DirectDrive headphone amplifier. These devices feature comprehensive click-and-pop suppression and programmable four-level speaker amplifier gain control. The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature high +90dB PSRR, low 0.002% THD+N, industry-leading clickand-pop performance, low-power shutdown mode, and excellent RF immunity. The MAX9789 incorporates an integrated LDO that serves as a clean power supply for a CODEC or other circuits. The MAX9789/MAX9790 is Microsoft Windows Vista compliant. See Table 1 for a comparison of the Microsoft Windows Vista premium mobile specifications and MAX9789/MAX9790 specifications. The speaker amplifiers use BTL architecture, doubling the voltage drive to the speakers and eliminating the need for DC-blocking capacitors. The output consists of two signals, identical in magnitude, but 180° out of phase. The headphone amplifiers use Maxim’s patented DirectDrive architecture to eliminate the bulky output DC-blocking capacitors required by traditional headphone amplifiers. A charge pump inverts a positive supply (CPVDD) to create a negative supply (CPVSS). The headphone amplifiers operate from these bipolar supplies with their outputs biased about GND. The benefit of the GND bias is that the amplifier outputs no longer have a DC component (typically VDD / 2). This feature eliminates the large DC-blocking capacitors required with conventional headphone amplifiers to conserve board space and system cost, as well as improve low-frequency response. The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature programmable speaker amplifier gain, allowing the speaker gain to be set by the logic voltages applied to GAIN1 and GAIN2, while the headphone amplifiers feature a fixed 3.5dB gain. Both amplifiers feature an undervoltage lockout that prevents operation from an insufficient power supply and click-and-pop suppression that eliminates audible transients on startup and shutdown. The amplifiers include thermal overload and short-circuit protection. An additional feature of the speaker amplifiers is that there is no phase inversion from input to output. Low-Dropout Linear Regulator (MAX9789 Only) The MAX9789’s low-dropout (LDO) linear regulator can be used to provide a clean power supply to a CODEC or other circuitry. The LDO can be enabled independently of the audio amplifiers. Set LDO_EN = VDD to enable the LDO or set LDO_EN = GND to disable the LDO. The LDO is capable of providing up to 120mA continuous current and features Maxim’s Dual Mode™ feedback, easily enabling a fixed 4.75V output or a user-adjustable output. When LDO_SET is connected to GND, the output is internally set to 4.75V. The output voltage can be adjusted from 1.21V to 4.75V by connecting two external resistors as a voltage divider, at LDO_SET (Figure 1). Table 1. Windows Premium Mobile Vista Specifications vs. MAX9789/MAX9790 Specifications DEVICE TYPE REQUIREMENT THD+N Analog Line Output Jack (RL = 10kΩ, FS = 0.707VRMS) Dynamic range with signal present Line output crosstalk THD+N Analog Headphone Out Jack (RL = 32Ω, FS = 0.300VRMS) Dynamic range with signal present Headphone output crosstalk WINDOWS PREMIUM MOBILE Vista SPECIFICATIONS ≤ -65dB FS [20Hz, 20kHz] ≤ -80dB FS, A-weighted ≤ -50dB [20Hz, 20kHz] ≤ -45dB FS [20Hz, 20kHz] ≤ -60dB FS, A-weighted ≤ -50dB [20Hz, 20kHz] MAX9789/MAX9790 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE -94dB FS [20Hz, 20kHz] -97dB FS, A-weighted -77dB [20Hz, 20kHz] -77dB FS [20Hz, 20kHz] -89dB FS, A-weighted -74dB [20Hz, 20kHz] Note: THD+N, DYNAMIC RANGE, and CROSSTALK should be measured in accordance with AES-17 audio measurements standards. Dual Mode is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers The output voltage is set by the following equation: R1 ⎞ ⎛ VLDO _ OUT = VLDO _ SET ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎝ R2 ⎠ where VLDO_SET = 1.21V. To simplify resistor selection: ⎛ VLDO _ OUT ⎞ R1 = R2⎜ −1 ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ 1.21 Since the input bias current at LDO_SET is typically less than 500nA (max), large resistance values can be used for R1 and R2 to minimize power consumption without compromising accuracy. The parallel combination of R1 and R2 should be less than 1MΩ. capacitors. Instead of two large capacitors (330µF typically required to meet Vista magnitude response specifications), the MAX9789/MAX9790 charge pump requires only two small 1µF ceramic capacitors, conserving board space, reducing cost, and improving the low-frequency response of the headphone amplifier. Previous attempts to eliminate the output coupling capacitors involved biasing the headphone return (sleeve) to the DC bias voltage of the headphone amplifiers. This method raised some issues: • The sleeve is typically grounded to the chassis. Using this biasing approach, the sleeve must be isolated from system ground, complicating product design. • During an ESD strike, the amplifier’s ESD structures are the only path to system ground. The amplifier must be able to withstand the full ESD strike. • When using the headphone jack as a line out to other equipment, the bias voltage on the sleeve may conflict with the ground potential from other equipment, resulting in large ground loop current and possible damage to the amplifiers. MAX9789/MAX9790 DirectDrive Conventional single-supply headphone amplifiers have their outputs biased about a nominal DC voltage (VDD / 2) for maximum dynamic range. Large coupling capacitors are needed to block this DC bias from the headphones. Without these capacitors, a significant amount of DC current flows to the headphone, resulting in unnecessary power dissipation and possible damage to both headphone and headphone amplifier. Maxim’s patented DirectDrive architecture uses a charge pump to create an internal negative supply voltage. It allows the MAX9789/MAX9790 headphone amplifier output to be biased about GND. With no DC component, there is no need for the large DC-blocking TO HDA CODEC LDO_OUT Low-Frequency Response In addition to the cost and size disadvantages, the DCblocking capacitors limit the low-frequency response of the amplifier and distort the audio signal: • The impedance of the headphone load and the DCblocking capacitor form a highpass filter with the -3dB point determined by: f − 3dB = 1 2πRLCOUT R1 1μF 1μF MAX9789 LDO_SET R2 GND where RL is the impedance of the headphone and COUT is the value of the DC-blocking capacitor. • The highpass filter is required by conventional singleended, single-supply headphone amplifier to block the midrail DC component of the audio signal from the headphones. Depending on the -3dB point, the filter can attenuate low-frequency signals within the audio band. Larger values of COUT reduce the attenuation, but are physically larger, more expensive capacitors. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the size of COUT and the resulting low-frequency attenuation. Note the Vista’s magnitude response specification calls for a -3dB point at 20Hz at the headphone jack. The -3dB point at 20Hz for a 32Ω headphone requires a 330µF blocking capacitor (Table 2). Figure 1. Adjustable Output Using External Feedback Resistors. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 LOW-FREQUENCY ROLLOFF (RL = 16Ω) 0 -3 -6 ATTENUATION (dB) -9 -12 -15 -18 -21 -24 -27 -30 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 0.0001 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k DirectDrive THD+N (%) 330μF 220μF 100μF 33μF 1 ADDITIONAL THD+N DUE TO DC-BLOCKING CAPACITORS 10 COUT = 100μF RL = 16 Ω 0.1 TANTALUM 0.01 0.001 ALUM/ELEC Figure 2. Low-Frequency Attenuation of Common DC-Blocking Capacitor Values Figure 3. Distortion Contributed by DC-Blocking Capacitors • The voltage coefficient of the capacitor, the change in capacitance due to a change in the voltage across the capacitor, distorts the audio signal. At frequencies around the -3dB point, this effect is maximized and the voltage coefficient appears as frequency-dependent distortion. Figure 3 shows the THD+N introduced by two different capacitor dielectrics. Note that around the -3dB point, THD+N increases dramatically. • The combination of low-frequency attenuation and frequency-dependent distortion compromises audio reproduction. DirectDrive improves low-frequency reproduction in portable audio equipment that emphasizes low-frequency effects, such as multimedia laptops, MP3, CD, and DVD players (See Table 2). speed that minimizes noise generated by switching transients. Limiting the switching speed of the charge pump minimizes the di/dt noise caused by the parasitic bond wire and trace inductance. BIAS The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature an internally generated, power-supply independent, common-mode bias voltage of 1.8V referenced to GND. BIAS provides both click-and-pop suppression and sets the DC bias level for the amplifiers. The BIAS pin should be bypassed to GND with a 1µF capacitor. No external load should be applied to BIAS. Any load lowers the BIAS voltage, affecting the overall performance of the device. Headphone and Speaker Amplifier Gain The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature programmable speaker amplifier gain, set by the logic voltages applied to pins GAIN1 and GAIN2. Table 3 shows the logic combinations that can be applied to pins GAIN1 and GAIN2 and their affects on the speaker amplifier gain. The headphone amplifier gain is fixed at 3.5dB. Table 2. Low-Frequency Rolloff COUT (µF) 22 33 100 220 330* f-3dB (Hz) RL = 16Ω 452 301 99 45 30 RL = 32Ω 226 151 50 23 15 11 Table 3. MAX9789/MAX9790 Programmable Gain Settings MAX9789/MAX9790 GAIN1 0 0 1 1 GAIN2 0 1 0 1 SPEAKER MODE GAIN (dB) 6 10 15.6 21.6 HEADPHONE MODE GAIN (dB) 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 470 21 *Vista requirement for 32Ω load. Charge Pump The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature a low-noise charge pump. The 550kHz switching frequency is well beyond the audio range, and does not interfere with the audio signals. The switch drivers feature a controlled switching 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Speaker and Headphone Amplifier Enable The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature control inputs for the independent enabling of the speaker and headphone amplifiers, allowing both to be active simultaneously if required. Driving SPKR_EN high disables the speaker amplifiers. Driving HP_EN low independently disables the headphone amplifiers. For applications that require only one of the amplifiers to be on at a given time, SPKR_EN and HP_EN can be tied together allowing a single logic voltage to enable either the speaker or the headphone amplifier as shown in Figure 4. MUTE The MAX9789/MAX9790 allow for the speaker and headphone amplifiers to be muted. By driving MUTE low, both the speaker and headphone amplifiers are muted. When muted, the speaker outputs remain biased at VDD / 2. Headphone Amplifier In conventional single-supply headphone amplifiers, the output-coupling capacitor is a major contributor of audible clicks and pops. Upon startup, the amplifier charges the coupling capacitor to its bias voltage, typically VDD / 2. Likewise, during shutdown, the capacitor is discharged to GND. A DC shift across the capacitor results, which in turn, appears as an audible transient at the headphone. Since the MAX9789/MAX9790 do not require output-coupling capacitors, no audible transient occurs. Additionally, the MAX9789/MAX9790 features extensive click-and-pop suppression that eliminates any audible transient sources internal to the device. The startup/shutdown waveform in the Typical Operating Characteristics shows that there are minimal spectral components in the audible range at the output. MAX9789/MAX9790 Applications Information BTL Speaker Amplifiers The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature speaker amplifiers designed to drive a load differentially, a configuration referred to as bridge-tied load (BTL). The BTL configuration (Figure 5) offers advantages over the singleended configuration, where one side of the load is connected to ground. Driving the load differentially doubles the output voltage compared to a singleended amplifier operating under similar conditions. The doubling of the output voltage yields four times the output power at the load. Since the differential outputs are biased at mid-supply, there is no net DC voltage across the load. This eliminates the need for DC-blocking capacitors required for single-ended amplifiers. These capacitors can be large, expensive, consume board space, and degrade low-frequency performance. Shutdown The MAX9789/MAX9790 feature a low-power shutdown mode, drawing 0.3µA of supply current. By disabling the speaker, headphone amplifiers and the LDO (for MAX9789), the MAX9789/MAX9790 enter low-power shutdown mode. Set SPKR_EN to VDD and HP_EN and LDO_EN to GND to disable the speaker amplifiers, headphone amplifiers, and LDO, respectively. Click-and-Pop Suppression Speaker Amplifier The MAX9789/MAX9790 speaker amplifiers feature Maxim’s comprehensive, industry-leading click-andpop suppression. During startup, the click-and-pop suppression circuitry eliminates any audible transient sources internal to the device. When entering shutdown, the differential speaker outputs ramp to GND quickly and simultaneously. +1 VOUT(P-P) MAX9789/MAX9790 SINGLE CONTROL PIN SPKR_EN HP_EN -1 2 x VOUT(P-P) VOUT(P-P) Figure 4. Enabling Either the Speaker or Headphone Amplifier with a Single Control Pin Figure 5. Bridge-Tied Load Configuration ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Mono Speaker Configuration The MAX9789 stereo BTL Class AB speaker amplifier can be configured to drive a mono speaker. Rather than combining the CODEC’s left- and right-input signals in a resistive network prior to one channel of the speaker amplifier input, the transducer itself can be connected to the BTL speaker amplifier output as shown in Figure 6. When compared to the resistive network implementation, the configuration in Figure 6 will: 1) Eliminate noise pickup by eliminating the highimpedance node at the CODEC’s left- and rightsignal mixing point. SNR performance will be improved as a result. 2) Eliminate gain error by eliminating any resistive mismatch between the external resistance used to sum the left and right signals and the MAX9789 internal resistance. Output Power (Speaker Amplifier) The increase in power delivered by the BTL configuration directly results in an increase in internal power dissipation over the single-ended configuration. The maximum power dissipation for a given VDD and load is given by the following equation: PDISS(MAX) = 2VDD2 π 2RL If the power dissipation for a given application exceeds the maximum allowed for a given package, either reduce VDD, increase load impedance, decrease the ambient temperature, or add heat sinking to the device. Large output, supply, and ground PC board traces improve the maximum power dissipation in the package. Thermal-overload protection limits total power dissipation in these devices. When the junction temperature exceeds +150°C, the thermal-protection circuitry disables the amplifier output stage. The amplifiers are enabled once the junction temperature cools by +15°C. This results in a pulsing output under continuous thermal-overload conditions as the device heats and cools. Power Dissipation and Heat Sinking Under normal operating conditions, the MAX9789/ MAX9790 can dissipate a significant amount of power. The maximum power dissipation for each package is given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings section under Continuous Power Dissipation, or can be calculated by the following equation: PDISSPKG(MAX) = TJ(MAX) − TA θJA Power Supplies The MAX9789/MAX9790 have separate supply pins for each portion of the device, allowing for the optimum combination of headroom and power dissipation and noise immunity. The speaker amplifiers are powered from PVDD. PVDD ranges from 4.5V to 5.5V. The headphone amplifiers are powered from HPVDD and PVSS. HPVDD is the positive supply of the headphone amplifiers and ranges from 3V to 5.5V. PVSS is the negative supply of the headphone amplifiers. Connect PVSS to CPV SS . The charge pump is powered by CPV DD . CPVDD ranges from 3V to 5.5V and should be the same potential as HPVDD. The charge pump inverts the voltage at CPVDD, and the resulting voltage appears at CPV SS . The internal LDO and the remainder of the device is powered by VDD. where TJ(MAX) is +150°C, TA is the ambient temperature, and θJA is the reciprocal of the derating factor in °C/W as specified in the Absolute Maximum Ratings section. For example, θJA for the 32-pin TQFN-EP package is +40.2°C/W for a multilayer PC board. CODEC SPKR_OUTL CIN1 SPKR_INL OUTL+ OUTL- CIN1 SPKR_OUTR MAX9789 SPKR_INR OUTR+ OUTRHP_INL Component Selection Supply Bypassing The MAX9789/MAX9790 have separate supply pins for each portion of the device, allowing for the optimum combination of headroom and power dissipation and noise immunity. Speaker Amplifier Power-Supply Input (PVDD) The speaker amplifiers are powered from PVDD. PVDD ranges from 4.5V to 5.5V. Bypass PVDD with a 0.1µF capacitor to PGND. Note additional bulk capacitance is required at the device if long input traces between PVDD and the power source are used. CIN2 LINE_OUTR CIN2 LINE_OUTL HP_INR HPL HPR Figure 6. Mono Signal Output Configuration for MAX9789 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Headphone Amplifier Power-Supply Input (HPVDD and PVSS) The headphone amplifiers are powered from HPVDD and PVSS. HPVDD is the positive supply of the headphone amplifiers and ranges from 3.0V to 5.5V. Bypass HPVDD with a 10µF capacitor to PGND. PVSS is the negative supply of the headphone amplifiers. Bypass PVSS with a 1µF capacitor to PGND. Connect PVSS to CPV SS . The charge pump is powered by CPV DD . CPVDD ranges from 3.0V to 5.5V and should be the same potential as HPVDD. Bypass CPVDD with a 1µF capacitor to PGND. The charge pump inverts the voltage at CPVDD, and the resulting voltage appears at CPVSS. A 1µF capacitor must be connected between C1N and C1P. MAX9789/MAX9790 INPUT COUPLING CAPACITOR-INDUCED THD+N vs. FREQUENCY (HEADPHONE MODE) -50 -55 -60 THD+N (dB FS) -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90 10 100 FREQUENCY (Hz) 0805 25V X7R 10% 1μF 1206 25 X7R 10% 1μF VOUT = -3dB FS FS = 1VRMS RL = 32Ω 1000 0402 6.3V X5R 10% 1μF 0603 10V X5R 10% 1μF Power Supply and LDO Input (VDD) The internal LDO and the remainder of the device is powered by V DD . V DD ranges from 4.5V to 5.5V. Bypass VDD with a 0.1µF capacitor to GND and two 1µF capacitors in parallel to GND. Note additional bulk capacitance is required at the device if long input traces between VDD and the power source are used. Input Filtering The input capacitor (CIN), in conjunction with the amplifier input resistance (RIN), forms a highpass filter that removes the DC bias from the incoming signal. The ACcoupling capacitor allows the amplifier to bias the signal to an optimum DC level. Assuming zero source impedance, the -3dB point of the highpass filter is given by: f − 3dB = 1 2πRINCIN Figure 7. Input Coupling Capacitor-Induced THD+N vs. Frequency (Headphone Mode) BIAS Capacitor BIAS is the output of the internally generated DC bias voltage. The BIAS bypass capacitor, CBIAS improves PSRR and THD+N by reducing power supply and other noise sources at the common-mode bias node, and also generates the clickless/popless, startup/shutdown DC bias waveforms for the speaker and headphone amplifiers. Bypass BIAS with a 1µF capacitor to GND. Charge-Pump Capacitor Selection Use capacitors with an ESR less than 100mΩ for optimum performance. Low ESR ceramic capacitors minimize the output resistance of the charge pump. For best performance over the extended temperature range, select capacitors with an X7R dielectric. Flying Capacitor (C1) The value of the flying capacitor (C1) affects the load regulation and output resistance of the charge pump. A C1 value that is too small degrades the device’s ability to provide sufficient current drive, which leads to a loss of output voltage. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1P and C1N. RIN is the amplifier’s internal input resistance value given in the Electrical Characteristics. Choose CIN such that f-3dB is well below the lowest frequency of interest. Setting f-3dB too high affects the amplifier’s low frequency response. Use capacitors with adequately low voltage coefficient dielectrics, such as 1206-sized X7R ceramic capacitors. Capacitors with higher voltage coefficients result in increased distortion at low frequencies (see Figure 7). ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Output Capacitor (C2) The output capacitor value and ESR directly affect the ripple at CPVSS. Increasing the value of C2 reduces output ripple. Likewise, decreasing the ESR of C2 reduces both ripple and output resistance. Lower capacitance values can be used in systems with low maximum output power levels. CPVDD Bypass Capacitor (C3) The CPVDD bypass capacitor (C3) lowers the output impedance of the power supply and reduces the impact of the MAX9789/MAX9790’s charge-pump switching transients. Bypass CPVDD with 1µF, the same value as C1, and place it physically close to the CPVDD and CPGND pins. Connect C2 and C3 to the PGND plane. Connect PVSS and CPVSS together at C2. Place the charge-pump capacitors (C1, C2, and C3) as close as possible to the device. Bypass PVDD with a 0.1µF capacitor to PGND. Place the bypass capacitors as close as possible to the device. Use large, low-resistance output traces. As load impedance decreases, the current drawn from the device outputs increase. At higher current, the resistance of the output traces decrease the power delivered to the load. For example, if 2W is delivered from the speaker output to a 4Ω load through a 100mΩ trace, 49mW is consumed in the trace. If power is delivered through a 10mΩ trace, only 5mW is consumed in the trace. Large output, supply and GND traces also improve the power dissipation of the device. The MAX9789/MAX9790 thin QFN package features an exposed thermal pad on its underside. This pad lowers the package’s thermal resistance by providing a direct heat conduction path from the die to the printed circuit board. Connect the exposed thermal pad to GND by using a large pad and multiple vias to the GND plane. Layout and Grounding Proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. Use large traces for the power-supply inputs and amplifier outputs to minimize losses due to parasitic trace resistance, as well as route heat away from the device. Good grounding improves audio performance, minimizes crosstalk between channels, and prevents switching noise from coupling into the audio signal. Connect PGND and GND together at a single point on the PC board. Route PGND and all traces that carry switching transients away from GND and the traces and components in the audio signal path. 20 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Block Diagrams 4.5V TO 5.5V 4.5V TO 5.5V MAX9789/MAX9790 1.0µF 1.0µF 0.1µF VDD 30 PVDD 8, 18 0.1µF MAX9789 6 1.0µF SPKR_INL 3 STEREO BTL AMPLIFIER 7 OUTL+ OUTL- 1.0µF SPKR_INR 2 20 19 24 TO HPVDD OUTR+ OUTRBIAS 1.0µF 1.0µF 1.0µF HP_INL HP_INR 27 16 26 TO PVSS HPL 3V TO 5.5V HP_EN MUTE SPKR_EN 22 25 23 CONTROL 17 9 10 HPVDD CPVDD C1P C3 10µF 15 HPR 3V TO 5.5V GAIN2 32 GAIN1 3V TO 5.5V LDO_EN 4 CHARGE PUMP LDO_SET 1 LDO BLOCK 31 11 CPGND C1 1µF 12 C1N TO CODEC 1.0µF 1.0µF LDO_OUT 29 28 GND 5, 21 PGND 14 PVSS C2 1.0µF 13 CPVSS LOGIC PINS CONFIGURED FOR: LDO_EN = 1, LDO ENABLED SPKR_EN = 0, SPEAKER AMPLIFIERS ENABLED HP_EN = 1, HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER ENABLED MUTE = 1, MUTE DISABLED GAIN1 = 0 GAIN = 0, 6dB SPEAKER GAIN ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Block Diagrams (continued) 4.5V TO 5.5V 0.1μF VDD 30 PVDD 8, 18 0.1μF MAX9790 6 1.0μF SPKR_INL 3 STEREO BTL AMPLIFIER 7 OUTL+ OUTL- 1.0μF SPKR_INR 2 20 19 24 TO HPVDD OUTR+ OUTRBIAS 1.0μF 1.0μF 1.0μF HP_INL HP_INR 27 16 26 TO PVSS HPL 3V TO 5.5V 15 HP_EN MUTE SPKR_EN 22 25 23 CONTROL 17 9 10 HPVDD CPVDD C1P C3 10μF HPR 3V TO 5.5V GAIN2 32 GAIN1 31 CHARGE PUMP 11 CPGND C1 1μF 12 C1N 4, 28 GND 5, 21 PGND 14 PVSS C2 1.0μF 13 CPVSS LOGIC PINS CONFIGURED FOR: SPKR_EN = 0, SPEAKER AMPLIFIERS ENABLED HP_EN = 1, HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER ENABLED MUTE = 1, MUTE DISABLED GAIN1 = 0 GAIN = 0, 6dB SPEAKER GAIN 22 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers System Diagrams 5.0V 5.0V MAX9789/MAX9790 0.1μF 1μF 1μF CBULK 10μF VLDO_OUT 1μF SPKR_L SPKR_R HDA CODEC HP_R HP_L MONO DGND AGND C3 1μF 5.0V CIN 1μF CIN 1μF CIN 1μF CIN 1μF BIAS VDD PVDD HPVDD OUTL+ 4Ω SPKR_INL SPKR_INR OUTL- OUTR+ HP_INR HP_INL HPL OUTR- 4Ω MAX9789 CPVDD C1 1μF C1P HPR LDO_SET C1N SPKR_EN HP_EN LDO_OUT 1μF CPVSS PVSS CPGND GND PGND 12V 1μF 4.75V μC LDO_EN GAIN1 GAIN2 MUTE C2 1μF 100μF 1μF VDD FS2 FS1 G1 G2 SHDN OUT+ OUT8Ω MAX9713 0.47μF IN+ 0.47μF INSS 0.47μF REG 0.01μF PGND C1P 0.1μF C1N VDD 1μF CHOLD AGND ______________________________________________________________________________________ 23 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 System Diagrams (continued) +5V +3.3V 1μ F VLDO_OUT 1μF 0.1μF VDD PVDD HPVDD OUTL+ SPKR_INL OUTL- 10μF 1μF SPKR_L 1μF SPKR_R HDA CODEC HP1_R HP1_L +3.3V HP2_R CPVDD HP2_L DGND AGND C3 1μF C1 1μF C1P SPKR_INR 1μF HP_INR 1μF HP_INL OUTR+ OUTR- HPL HP1 MAX9789 HPR LDO_SET C1N SPKR_EN HP_EN LDO_OUT 1μF CPVSS GAIN2 GAIN1 MUTE GND PGND PVSS CPGND 4.75V 1μF μC LDO_EN C2 1μF SHDNR SHDNL C1P 1μF C1N 1μF INR 1μF INL +3.3V PVDD 1μF SVDD MAX4411 OUTL OUTR HP2 PVSS SVSS SGND PGND 1μF 24 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Pin Configurations SPKR_EN SPKR_EN HP_EN OUTR+ MAX9789/MAX9790 TOP VIEW BIAS HP_EN OUTR+ HPVDD OUTR- PGND PVDD 24 MUTE 25 HP_INR 26 HP_INL 27 GND 28 LDO_OUT 29 VDD 30 GAIN1 31 GAIN2 32 1 LDO_SET 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 HPL HPR PVSS CPVSS C1N CPGND C1P CPVDD MUTE 25 HP_INR 26 HP_INL 27 GND 28 N.C. 29 VDD 30 GAIN1 31 GAIN2 32 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 HPL HPR PVSS CPVSS C1N CPGND C1P CPVDD MAX9789 12 11 MAX9790 HPVDD 12 11 10 9 8 PVDD OUTR6 OUTL+ PGND + 2 SPKR_INR 3 SPKR_INL 4 LDO_EN 5 PGND 6 OUTL+ EP* 10 9 + 1 N.C. 2 SPKR_INR 3 SPKR_INL 4 GND 5 PGND EP* 7 OUTL- 8 PVDD TQFN *EP = EXPOSED PADDLE *EP = EXPOSED PADDLE TQFN Simplified Block Diagrams (continued) SPEAKER SUPPLY 4.5V TO 5.5V HEADPHONE SUPPLY 3.0V TO 5.5V Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS MAX9790 SPKR_INR SPKR_INL HP_INR HP_INL SPKR_EN HP_EN MUTE GAIN1 GAIN2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ OUTL- PVDD 7 BIAS 25 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE 32 TQFN-EP PACKAGE CODE T3255N-1 DOCUMENT NO. 21-0140 26 ______________________________________________________________________________________ QFN THIN.EPS Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. MAX9789/MAX9790 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 27 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers MAX9789/MAX9790 Revision History REVISION NUMBER 2 3 REVISION DATE 8/08 9/09 Corrected the Block Diagrams DESCRIPTION Added MAX9789C to data sheet and made miscellaneous clarifications PAGES CHANGED 1–11, 13, 14, 18 21 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 28 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2009 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.