LM2672M-ADJ

LM2672 SIMPLE SWITCHER Power Converter High Efficiency 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator with Features April 2007 LM2672 SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Converter High Efficiency 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator with Features General Description The LM2672 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits built with a LMDMOS process. These regulators provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a 1A load current with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5.0V, 12V, and an adjustable output version. Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include patented internal frequency compensation (Patent Nos. 5,382,918 and 5,514,947), fixed frequency oscillator, external shutdown, soft-start, and frequency synchronization. The LM2672 series operates at a switching frequency of 260 kHz, thus allowing smaller sized filter components than what would be needed with lower frequency switching regulators. Because of its very high efficiency (>90%), the copper traces on the printed circuit board are the only heat sinking needed. A family of standard inductors for use with the LM2672 are available from several different manufacturers. This feature greatly simplifies the design of switch-mode power supplies using these advanced ICs. Also included in the datasheet are selector guides for diodes and capacitors designed to work in switch-mode power supplies. Other features include a guaranteed ±1.5% tolerance on output voltage within specified input voltages and output load conditions, and ±10% on the oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring typically 50 μA stand-by current. The output switch includes current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under fault conditions. To simplify the LM2672 buck regulator design procedure, there exists computer design software, LM267X Made Simple version 6.0. Features ■ Efficiency up to 96% ■ Available in SO-8, 8-pin DIP and LLP packages ■ Computer Design Software LM267X Made Simple ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ version 6.0 Simple and easy to design with Requires only 5 external components Uses readily available standard inductors 3.3V, 5.0V, 12V, and adjustable output versions Adjustable version output voltage range: 1.21V to 37V ±1.5% max output voltage tolerance over line and load conditions ■ Guaranteed 1A output load current ■ 0.25Ω DMOS Output Switch ■ Wide input voltage range: 8V to 40V ■ 260 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator ■ TTL shutdown capability, low power standby mode ■ Soft-start and frequency synchronization ■ Thermal shutdown and current limit protection Typical Applications ■ Simple High Efficiency (>90%) Step-Down (Buck) Regulator ■ Efficient Pre-Regulator for Linear Regulators Typical Application (Fixed Output Voltage Versions) 1293401 SIMPLE SWITCHER® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. © 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation 12934 www.national.com LM2672 Connection Diagrams 16-Lead LLP Surface Mount Package Top View 8-Lead Package Top View 1293402 SO-8/DIP Package See NSC Package Drawing Number MO8A/N08E 1293441 LLP Package See NSC Package Drawing Number LDA16A TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information Output Voltage 16 Lead LLP 12 12 3.3 3.3 5.0 5.0 ADJ ADJ SO-8 12 12 3.3 3.3 5.0 5.0 ADJ ADJ DIP 12 3.3 5.0 ADJ LM2672N-12 LM2672N-3.3 LM2672N-5.0 LM2672N-ADJ LM2672N-12 LM2672N-3.3 LM2672N-5.0 LM2672N-ADJ Shipped in Anti-Static Rails Shipped in Anti-Static Rails Shipped in Anti-Static Rails Shipped in Anti-Static Rails LM2672M-12 LM2672MX-12 LM2672M-3.3 LM2672MX-3.3 LM2672M-5.0 LM2672MX-5.0 LM2672M-ADJ LM2672MX-ADJ 2672M-12 2672M-12 2672M-3.3 2672M-3.3 2672M-5.0 2672M-5.0 2672M-ADJ 2672M-ADJ Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel LM2672LD-12 LM2672LDX-12 LM2672LD-3.3 LM2672LDX-3.3 LM2672LD-5.0 LM2672LDX-5.0 LM2672LD-ADJ LM2672LDX-ADJ S0001B S0001B S0002B S0002B S0003B S0003B S0004B S0004B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel Order Information Package Marking Supplied as: www.national.com 2 LM2672 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage ON/OFF Pin Voltage Switch Voltage to Ground Boost Pin Voltage Feedback Pin Voltage ESD Susceptibility Human Body Model (Note 2) Power Dissipation 45V −0.1V ≤ VSH ≤ 6V −1V VSW + 8V Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature M Package Vapor Phase (60s) Infrared (15s) N Package (Soldering, 10s) LLP Package (see AN-1187) Maximum Junction Temperature −65°C to +150°C +215°C +220°C +260°C +150°C −0.3V ≤ VFB ≤ 14V Operating Ratings Supply Voltage Temperature Range 6.5V to 40V −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 2 kV Internally Limited Electrical Characteristics LM2672-3.3 Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those in bold type face apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 4) 3.3 3.3 86 Min (Note 5) 3.251/3.201 3.251/3.201 Max (Note 5) 3.350/3.399 3.350/3.399 Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 2 (Note 3) VOUT VOUT η Output Voltage Output Voltage Efficiency VIN = 8V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A VIN = 6.5V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 500 mA VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A V V % LM2672-5.0 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 4) 5.0 5.0 90 Min (Note 5) 4.925/4.850 4.925/4.850 Max (Note 5) 5.075/5.150 5.075/5.150 Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 2 (Note 3) VOUT VOUT η Output Voltage Output Voltage Efficiency VIN = 8V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A VIN = 6.5V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 500 mA VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A V V % LM2672-12 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 4) 12 94 Min (Note 5) 11.82/11.64 Max (Note 5) 12.18/12.36 Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 2 (Note 3) VOUT η Output Voltage Efficiency VIN = 15V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A VIN = 24V, ILOAD = 1A V % LM2672-ADJ Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 4) 1.210 Min (Note 5) 1.192/1.174 Max (Note 5) 1.228/1.246 Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 3 (Note 3) VFB Feedback Voltage VIN = 8V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A VOUT Programmed for 5V (see Circuit of Figure 3) VFB Feedback Voltage VIN = 6.5V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 500 mA VOUT Programmed for 5V (see Circuit of Figure 3) η Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A 90 % 1.210 1.192/1.174 1.228/1.246 V V 3 www.national.com LM2672 All Output Voltage Versions Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those in bold type face apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable versions and VIN = 24V for the 12V version, and ILOAD = 100 mA. Symbol IQ Parameters Quiescent Current VFEEDBACK = 8V For 3.3V, 5.0V, and ADJ Versions VFEEDBACK = 15V For 12V Versions ISTBY ICL IL Standby Quiescent Current Current Limit Output Leakage Current VIN = 40V, ON/OFF Pin = 0V VSWITCH = 0V VSWITCH = −1V, ON/OFF Pin = 0V RDS(ON) fO D IBIAS VS/D IS/D FSYNC VSYNC VSS ISS θJA Switch On-Resistance Oscillator Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum Duty Cycle Feedback Bias Current ON/OFF Pin Voltage Thesholds ON/OFF Pin Current Synchronization Frequency Synchronization Threshold Voltage Soft-Start Voltage Soft-Start Current Thermal Resistance N Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 6) M Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 6) ON/OFF Pin = 0V VSYNC = 3.5V, 50% duty cycle 20 400 1.4 0.63 4.5 95 105 0.53 1.5 0.73 6.9 7 37 μA kHz V V μA °C/W VFEEDBACK = 1.3V ADJ Version Only 1.4 0.8 2.0 V ISWITCH = 1A Measured at Switch Pin 6 0.25 260 95 0 85 225 15 0.30/0.50 275 mA Ω kHz % % nA ON/OFF Pin = 0V 50 1.55 1 1.25/1.2 100/150 2.1/2.2 25 μA A μA 2.5 mA Conditions Typ 2.5 Min Max 3.6 Units mA DEVICE PARAMETERS Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but device parameter specifications may not be guaranteed under these conditions. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. Note 3: External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors, and voltage programming resistors can affect switching regulator performance. When the LM2672 is used as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 test circuits, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters section of the Electrical Characteristics. Note 4: Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely norm. Note 5: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes (bold type face). All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 6: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with approximately 1 square inch of printed circuit board copper surrounding the leads. Additional copper area will lower thermal resistance further. See Application Information section in the application note accompanying this datasheet and the thermal model in LM267X Made Simple version 6.0 software. The value θJ−A for the LLP (LD) package is specifically dependent on PCB trace area, trace material, and the number of layers and thermal vias. For improved thermal resistance and power dissipation for the LLP package, refer to Application Note AN-1187. www.national.com 4 LM2672 Typical Performance Characteristics Normalized Output Voltage Line Regulation 1293404 1293403 Efficiency Drain-to-Source Resistance 1293405 1293406 Switch Current Limit Operating Quiescent Current 1293407 1293408 5 www.national.com LM2672 Standby Quiescent Current ON/OFF Threshold Voltage 1293409 1293410 ON/OFF Pin Current (Sourcing) Switching Frequency 1293412 1293411 Feedback Pin Bias Current   Peak Switch Current 1293413 1293414 www.national.com 6 LM2672 Dropout Voltage—3.3V Option Dropout Voltage—5.0V Option 1293415 1293416 Block Diagram 1293417 * Patent Number 5,514,947 † Patent Number 5,382,918 FIGURE 1. 7 www.national.com LM2672 Typical Performance Characteristics Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 1A L = 47 μH, COUT = 68 μF, COUTESR = 50 mΩ (Circuit of Figure 2) Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 300 mA L = 15 μH, COUT = 68 μF (2×), COUTESR = 25 mΩ 1293418 1293419 A: VSW Pin Voltage, 10 V/div. B: Inductor Current, 0.5 A/div C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div AC-Coupled A: VSW Pin Voltage, 10 V/div. B: Inductor Current, 0.5 A/div C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div AC-Coupled Horizontal Time Base: 1 μs/div Horizontal Time Base: 1 μs/div Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 1A L = 47 μH, COUT = 68 μF, COUTESR = 50 mΩ Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, L = 47 μH, COUT = 68 μF, COUTESR = 50 mΩ 1293420 1293421 A: Output Voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-Coupled B: Load Current: 200 mA to 1A Load Pulse A: Output Voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-Coupled B: Load Current: 100 mA to 300 mA Load Pulse Horizontal Time Base: 50 μs/div Horizontal Time Base: 200 μs/div www.national.com 8 LM2672 Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines 1293422 CIN - 22 μF, 50V Tantalum, Sprague “199D Series” COUT - 47 μF, 25V Tantalum, Sprague “595D Series” D1 - 3.3A, 50V Schottky Rectifier, IR 30WQ05F L1 - 68 μH Sumida #RCR110D-680L CB - 0.01 μF, 50V Ceramic FIGURE 2. Standard Test Circuits and Layout Guides Fixed Output Voltage Versions 1293423 CIN - 22 μF, 50V Tantalum, Sprague “199D Series” COUT - 47 μF, 25V Tantalum, Sprague “595D Series” D1 - 3.3A, 50V Schottky Rectifier, IR 30WQ05F L1 - 68 μH Sumida #RCR110D-680L R1 - 1.5 kΩ, 1% CB - 0.01 μF, 50V Ceramic For a 5V output, select R2 to be 4.75 kΩ, 1% where VREF = 1.21V Use a 1% resistor for best stability. FIGURE 3. Standard Test Circuits and Layout Guides Adjustable Output Voltage Versions 9 www.national.com LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) To simplify the buck regulator design procedure, National Semiconductor is making available computer design software to be used with the SIMPLE SWITCHER line of switching regulators. LM267X Made Simple version 6.0 is available on Windows® 3.1, NT, or 95 operating systems. Given: Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage (3.3V, 5V, or 12V) VOUT = 5V VIN(max) = Maximum DC Input Voltage ILOAD(max) = Maximum Load Current 1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Select the correct inductor value selection guide from Figure 4 and Figure 5 or Figure 6 (output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, or 12V respectively). For all other voltages, see the design procedure for the adjustable version. B. From the inductor value selection guide, identify the inductance region intersected by the Maximum Input Voltage line and the Maximum Load Current line. Each region is identified by an inductance value and an inductor code (LXX). C. Select an appropriate inductor from the four manufacturer's part numbers listed in Figure 8. Each manufacturer makes a different style of inductor to allow flexibility in meeting various design requirements. Listed below are some of the differentiating characteristics of each manufacturer's inductors: Schott: ferrite EP core inductors; these have very low leakage magnetic fields to reduce electro-magnetic interference (EMI) and are the lowest power loss inductors Renco: ferrite stick core inductors; benefits are typically lowest cost inductors and can withstand E•T and transient peak currents above rated value. Be aware that these inductors have an external magnetic field which may generate more EMI than other types of inductors. Pulse: powered iron toroid core inductors; these can also be low cost and can withstand larger than normal E•T and transient peak currents. Toroid inductors have low EMI. Coilcraft: ferrite drum core inductors; these are the smallest physical size inductors, available only as SMT components. Be aware that these inductors also generate EMI—but less than stick inductors. Complete specifications for these inductors are available from the respective manufacturers. A table listing the manufacturers' phone numbers is located in Figure 9. 2. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A. Select an output capacitor from the output capacitor table in Figure 10. Using the output voltage and the inductance value found in the inductor selection guide, step 1, locate the appropriate capacitor value and voltage rating. VIN(max) = 12V ILOAD(max) = 1A 1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Use the inductor selection guide for the 5V version shown in Figure 5. B. From the inductor value selection guide shown in Figure 5, the inductance region intersected by the 12V horizontal line and the 1A vertical line is 33 μH, and the inductor code is L23. C. The inductance value required is 33 μH. From the table in Figure 8, go to the L23 line and choose an inductor part number from any of the four manufacturers shown. (In most instances, both through hole and surface mount inductors are available.) 2. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A. Use the 5.0V section in the output capacitor table in Figure 10. Choose a capacitor value and voltage rating from the line that contains the inductance value of 33 μH. The capacitance and voltage rating values corresponding to the 33 μH www.national.com 10 LM2672 PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) The capacitor list contains through-hole electrolytic capacitors from four different capacitor manufacturers and surface mount tantalum capacitors from two different capacitor manufacturers. It is recommended that both the manufacturers and the manufacturer's series that are listed in the table be used. A table listing the manufacturers' phone numbers is located in Figure 11. EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) Surface Mount: 68 μF/10V Sprague 594D Series. 100 μF/10V AVX TPS Series. Through Hole: 68 μF/10V Sanyo OS-CON SA Series. 220 μF/35V Sanyo MV-GX Series. 220 μF/35V Nichicon PL Series. 220 μF/35V Panasonic HFQ Series. 3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) 3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. In normal operation, the average current of the catch diode is A. Refer to the table shown in Figure 12. In this example, a 1A, the load current times the catch diode duty cycle, 1-D (D is the 20V Schottky diode will provide the best performance. If the circuit switch duty cycle, which is approximately the output voltage divided must withstand a continuous shorted output, a higher current by the input voltage). The largest value of the catch diode average Schottky diode is recommended. current occurs at the maximum load current and maximum input voltage (minimum D). For normal operation, the catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than its maximum average current. However, if the power supply design must withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have a current rating equal to the maximum current limit of the LM2672. The most stressful condition for this diode is a shorted output condition. B. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. C. Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best performance and efficiency. This Schottky diode must be located close to the LM2672 using short leads and short printed circuit traces. 4. Input Capacitor (CIN) 4. Input Capacitor (CIN) A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed The important parameters for the input capacitor are the input between the input pin and ground to prevent large voltage voltage rating and the RMS current rating. With a maximum input transients from appearing at the input. This capacitor should be voltage of 12V, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a voltage located close to the IC using short leads. In addition, the RMS rating greater than 15V (1.25 × VIN) would be needed. The next current rating of the input capacitor should be selected to be at least higher capacitor voltage rating is 16V. ½ the DC load current. The capacitor manufacturer data sheet must The RMS current rating requirement for the input capacitor in a be checked to assure that this current rating is not exceeded. The buck regulator is approximately ½ the DC load current. In this curves shown in Figure 14 show typical RMS current ratings for example, with a 1A load, a capacitor with a RMS current rating of several different aluminum electrolytic capacitor values. A parallel at least 500 mA is needed. The curves shown in Figure 14 can be connection of two or more capacitors may be required to increase used to select an appropriate input capacitor. From the curves, the total minimum RMS current rating to suit the application locate the 16V line and note which capacitor values have RMS requirements. current ratings greater than 500 mA. For an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, the voltage rating should be For a through hole design, a 330 μF/16V electrolytic capacitor at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. Caution must be (Panasonic HFQ series, Nichicon PL, Sanyo MV-GX series or exercised if solid tantalum capacitors are used. The tantalum equivalent) would be adequate. Other types or other capacitor voltage rating should be twice the maximum input manufacturers' capacitors can be used provided the RMS ripple voltage. The tables in Figure 15 show the recommended current ratings are adequate. Additionally, for a complete surface application voltage for AVX TPS and Sprague 594D tantalum mount design, electrolytic capacitors such as the Sanyo CV-C or capacitors. It is also recommended that they be surge current CV-BS and the Nichicon WF or UR and the NIC Components NACZ tested by the manufacturer. The TPS series available from AVX, series could be considered. and the 593D and 594D series from Sprague are all surge current For surface mount designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, tested. Another approach to minimize the surge current stresses but caution must be exercised with regard to the capacitor surge on the input capacitor is to add a small inductor in series with the current rating and voltage rating. In this example, checking Figure input supply line. 15, and the Sprague 594D series datasheet, a Sprague 594D 15 Use caution when using ceramic capacitors for input bypassing, μF, 25V capacitor is adequate. because it may cause severe ringing at the VIN pin. 11 www.national.com LM2672 PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) 5. Boost Capacitor (CB) This capacitor develops the necessary voltage to turn the switch gate on fully. All applications should use a 0.01 μF, 50V ceramic capacitor. 6. Soft-Start Capacitor (CSS - optional) This capacitor controls the rate at which the device starts up. The formula for the soft-start capacitor CSS is: EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) 5. Boost Capacitor (CB) For this application, and all applications, use a 0.01 μF, 50V ceramic capacitor. 6. Soft-Start Capacitor (CSS - optional) For this application, selecting a start-up time of 10 ms and using the formula for CSS results in a value of: where: ISS = Soft-Start Current :4.5 μA typical. tSS = Soft-Start Time :Selected. VSSTH = Soft-Start Threshold Voltage :0.63V typical. VOUT = Output Voltage :Selected. VSCHOTTKY = Schottky Diode Voltage Drop :0.4V typical. VIN = Input Voltage :Selected. If this feature is not desired, leave this pin open. With certain softstart capacitor values and operating conditions, the LM2672 can exhibit an overshoot on the output voltage during turn on. Especially when starting up into no load or low load, the softstart function may not be effective in preventing a larger voltage overshoot on the output. With larger loads or lower input voltages during startup this effect is minimized. In particular, avoid using softstart capacitors between 0.033µF and 1µF. 7. Frequency Synchronization (optional) 7. Frequency Synchronization (optional) The LM2672 (oscillator) can be synchronized to run with an For all applications, use a 1 kΩ resistor and a 100 pF capacitor for external oscillator, using the sync pin (pin 3). By doing so, the the RC filter. LM2672 can be operated at higher frequencies than the standard frequency of 260 kHz. This allows for a reduction in the size of the inductor and output capacitor. As shown in the drawing below, a signal applied to a RC filter at the sync pin causes the device to synchronize to the frequency of that signal. For a signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 3V or greater, a 1 kΩ resistor and a 100 pF capacitor are suitable values. www.national.com 12 LM2672 Inductor Value Selection Guides (For Continuous Mode Operation) 1293429 1293431 FIGURE 4. LM2672-3.3 FIGURE 6. LM2672-12 1293430 1293432 FIGURE 5. LM2672-5.0 FIGURE 7. LM2672-ADJ Renco Through Hole RL-1284-68-43 RL-1284-47-43 RL-1284-33-43 RL-1284-22-43 RL-5470-3 RL-5470-4 RL-5470-5 RL-5470-6 RL-5470-7 RL-1284-33-43 RL-1284-22-43 RL-5471-2 RL-5471-3 RL-5471-4 RL-5471-5 RL-5471-6 RL-5471-7 13 Ind. Ref. Desg. L4 L5 L6 L7 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 L23 Inductanc e (μH) 68 47 33 22 220 150 100 68 47 33 22 220 150 100 68 47 33 Current (A) 0.32 0.37 0.44 0.52 0.32 0.39 0.48 0.58 0.70 0.83 0.99 0.55 0.66 0.82 0.99 1.17 1.40 Schott Through Hole Surface Mount Pulse Engineering Surface Mount Through Hole PE-53804 PE-53805 PE-53806 PE-53807 Surface Mount PE-53804-S PE-53805-S PE-53806-S PE-53807-S PE-53809-S PE-53810-S PE-53811-S PE-53812-S PE-53813-S PE-53814-S PE-53815-S PE-53818-S PE-53819-S PE-53820-S PE-53821-S PE-53822-S PE-53823-S Coilcraft Surface Mount DO1608-683 DO1608-473 DO1608-333 DO1608-223 DO3308-224 DO3308-154 DO3308-104 DO3308-683 DO3308-473 DO3308-333 DO3308-223 DO3316-224 DO3316-154 DO3316-104 DO3316-683 DO3316-473 DO3316-333 www.national.com 67143940 67144310 67148310 67148420 67148320 67148430 67148330 67148440 67143960 67144330 67143970 67144340 67143980 67144350 67143990 67144360 67144000 67144380 67148340 67148450 67148350 67148460 67144040 67144420 67144050 67144430 67144060 67144440 67144070 67144450 67144080 67144460 67144090 67144470 RL1500-68 RL1500-47 RL1500-33 RL1500-22 RL1500-220 PE-53809 RL1500-150 PE-53810 RL1500-100 PE-53811 RL1500-68 RL1500-47 RL1500-33 RL1500-22 PE-53812 PE-53813 PE-53814 PE-53815 RL1500-220 PE-53818 RL1500-150 PE-53819 RL1500-100 PE-53820 RL1500-68 — — PE-53821 PE-53822 PE-53823 LM2672 Ind. Ref. Desg. L24 L27 L28 L29 L30 Inductanc e (μH) 22 220 150 100 68 Current (A) 1.70 1.00 1.20 1.47 1.78 Schott Through Hole Surface Mount Renco Through Hole RL-1283-22-43 RL-5471-2 RL-5471-3 RL-5471-4 RL-5471-5 Surface Mount — — — — — Pulse Engineering Through Hole PE-53824 PE-53827 PE-53828 PE-53829 PE-53830 Surface Mount PE-53824-S PE-53827-S PE-53828-S PE-53829-S PE-53830-S Coilcraft Surface Mount DO3316-223 DO5022P-224 DO5022P-154 DO5022P-104 DO5022P-683 67148370 67148480 67144110 67144490 67144120 67144500 67144130 67144510 67144140 67144520 FIGURE 8. Inductor Manufacturers' Part Numbers Coilcraft Inc. Coilcraft Inc., Europe Pulse Engineering Inc. Pulse Engineering Inc., Europe Renco Electronics Inc. Schott Corp. Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX (800) 322-2645 (708) 639-1469 +44 1236 730 595 +44 1236 730 627 (619) 674-8100 (619) 674-8262 +353 93 24 107 +353 93 24 459 (800) 645-5828 (516) 586-5562 (612) 475-1173 (612) 475-1786 FIGURE 9. Inductor Manufacturers' Phone Numbers Output Capacitor Output Voltage (V) Inductance (μH) Surface Mount Sprague 594D Series (μF/V) 22 33 3.3 47 68 100 150 22 33 5.0 47 68 100 150 22 33 47 12 68 100 150 220 120/6.3 120/6.3 68/10 120/6.3 120/6.3 120/6.3 100/16 68/10 68/10 100/16 100/16 100/16 120/20 68/25 47/20 47/20 47/20 47/20 47/20 AVX TPS Series (μF/V) 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 10010 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 (2×) 68/20 68/20 68/20 68/20 68/20 68/20 68/20 Sanyo OS-CON SA Series (μF/V) 100/10 68/10 68/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 68/10 68/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 68/20 68/20 47/20 47/20 47/20 47/20 47/20 Through Hole Sanyo MV-GX Series (μF/V) 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 Nichicon PL Series (μF/V) 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 Panasonic HFQ Series (μF/V) 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 www.national.com 14 LM2672 FIGURE 10. Output Capacitor Table Nichicon Corp. Panasonic AVX Corp. Sprague/Vishay Sanyo Corp. Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX (847) 843-7500 (847) 843-2798 (714) 373-7857 (714) 373-7102 (803) 448-9411 (803) 448-1943 (207) 324-4140 (207) 324-7223 (619) 661-6322 (619) 661-1055 FIGURE 11. Capacitor Manufacturers' Phone Numbers 1A Diodes VR 20V 30V Surface Mount SK12 B120 SK13 B130 MBRS130 40V SK14 B140 MBRS140 10BQ040 10MQ040 15MQ040 50V SK15 B150 10BQ050 MBR150 11DQ05 SR105 Through Hole 1N5817 SR102 1N5818 11DQ03 SR103 1N5819 11DQ04 SR104 3A Diodes Surface Mount SK32 SK33 30WQ03F SK34 30BQ040 30WQ04F MBRS340 MBRD340 SK35 30WQ05F MBR350 31DQ05 SR305 Through Hole 1N5820 SR302 1N5821 31DQ03 1N5822 MBR340 31DQ04 SR304 FIGURE 12. Schottky Diode Selection Table International Rectifier Corp. Motorola, Inc. General Instruments Corp. Diodes, Inc. Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX Phone FAX (310) 322-3331 (310) 322-3332 (800) 521-6274 (602) 244-6609 (516) 847-3000 (516) 847-3236 (805) 446-4800 (805) 446-4850 FIGURE 13. Diode Manufacturers' Phone Numbers 15 www.national.com LM2672 1293433 FIGURE 14. RMS Current Ratings for Low ESR Electrolytic Capacitors (Typical) AVX TPS Recommended Application Voltage 3.3 5 10 12 15 Sprague 594D Recommended Application Voltage 2.5 3.3 5 8 12 18 24 29 Voltage Rating 4 6.3 10 16 20 25 35 50 Voltage Rating 6.3 10 20 25 35 +85°C Rating +85°C Rating FIGURE 15. Recommended Application Voltage for AVX TPS and Sprague 594D Tantalum Chip Capacitors Derated for 85°C. www.national.com 16 LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) To simplify the buck regulator design procedure, National Semiconductor is making available computer design software to be used with the SIMPLE SWITCHER line of switching regulators. LM267X Made Simple version 6.0 is available on Windows 3.1, NT, or 95 operating systems. Given: Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage VOUT = 20V VIN(max) = Maximum Input Voltage ILOAD(max) = Maximum Load Current VIN(max) = 28V ILOAD(max) = 1A F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at a nominal 260 kHz). F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at a nominal 260 kHz). 1. Programming Output Voltage (Selecting R1 and R2, as shown 1. Programming Output Voltage (Selecting R1 and R2, as shown in Figure 3) in Figure 3) Use the following formula to select the appropriate resistor values. Select R1 to be 1 kΩ, 1%. Solve for R2. where VREF = 1.21V Select a value for R1 between 240Ω and 1.5 kΩ. The lower resistor R2 = 1 kΩ (16.53 − 1) = 15.53 kΩ, closest 1% value is 15.4 kΩ. values minimize noise pickup in the sensitive feedback pin. (For the R2 = 15.4 kΩ. lowest temperature coefficient and the best stability with time, use 1% metal film resistors.) 2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate the inductor Volt • microsecond constant E • T (V • μs), from the following formula: 2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate the inductor Volt • microsecond constant (E • T), where VSAT=internal switch saturation voltage=0.25V and VD = diode forward voltage drop = 0.5V B. Use the E • T value from the previous formula and match it with B. E • T = 21.6 (V • μs) the E • T number on the vertical axis of the Inductor Value Selection Guide shown in Figure 7. C. On the horizontal axis, select the maximum load current. C. ILOAD(max) = 1A D. Identify the inductance region intersected by the E • T value and D. From the inductor value selection guide shown in Figure 7, the the Maximum Load Current value. Each region is identified by an inductance region intersected by the 21.6 (V • μs) horizontal line inductance value and an inductor code (LXX). and the 1A vertical line is 68 μH, and the inductor code is L30. E. Select an appropriate inductor from the four manufacturer's part E. From the table in Figure 8, locate line L30, and select an inductor numbers listed in Figure 8. For information on the different types of part number from the list of manufacturers' part numbers. inductors, see the inductor selection in the fixed output voltage design procedure. 3. Output Capacitor SeIection (COUT) 3. Output Capacitor SeIection (COUT) A. Select an output capacitor from the capacitor code selection A. Use the appropriate row of the capacitor code selection guide, guide in Figure 16. Using the inductance value found in the inductor in Figure 16. For this example, use the 15–20V row. The capacitor selection guide, step 1, locate the appropriate capacitor code code corresponding to an inductance of 68 μH is C20. corresponding to the desired output voltage. 17 www.national.com LM2672 PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) B. Select an appropriate capacitor value and voltage rating, using the capacitor code, from the output capacitor selection table in Figure 17. There are two solid tantalum (surface mount) capacitor manufacturers and four electrolytic (through hole) capacitor manufacturers to choose from. It is recommended that both the manufacturers and the manufacturer's series that are listed in the table be used. A table listing the manufacturers' phone numbers is located in Figure 11. EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) B. From the output capacitor selection table in Figure 17, choose a capacitor value (and voltage rating) that intersects the capacitor code(s) selected in section A, C20. The capacitance and voltage rating values corresponding to the capacitor code C20 are the: Surface Mount: 33 μF/25V Sprague 594D Series. 33 μF/25V AVX TPS Series. Through Hole: 33 μF/25V Sanyo OS-CON SC Series. 120 μF/35V Sanyo MV-GX Series. 120 μF/35V Nichicon PL Series. 120 μF/35V Panasonic HFQ Series. Other manufacturers or other types of capacitors may also be used, provided the capacitor specifications (especially the 100 kHz ESR) closely match the characteristics of the capacitors listed in the output capacitor table. Refer to the capacitor manufacturers' data sheet for this information. 4. Catch Diode Selection (D1) 4. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. In normal operation, the average current of the catch diode is A. Refer to the table shown in Figure 12. Schottky diodes provide the load current times the catch diode duty cycle, 1-D (D is the the best performance, and in this example a 1A, 40V Schottky diode switch duty cycle, which is approximately VOUT/VIN). The largest would be a good choice. If the circuit must withstand a continuous value of the catch diode average current occurs at the maximum shorted output, a higher current (at least 2.2A) Schottky diode is input voltage (minimum D). For normal operation, the catch diode recommended. current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than its maximum average current. However, if the power supply design must withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have a current rating greater than the maximum current limit of the LM2672. The most stressful condition for this diode is a shorted output condition. B. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. C. Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best performance and efficiency. The Schottky diode must be located close to the LM2672 using short leads and short printed circuit traces. www.national.com 18 LM2672 PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 5. Input Capacitor (CIN) A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground to prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input. This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short leads. In addition, the RMS current rating of the input capacitor should be selected to be at least ½ the DC load current. The capacitor manufacturer data sheet must be checked to assure that this current rating is not exceeded. The curves shown in Figure 14 show typical RMS current ratings for several different aluminum electrolytic capacitor values. A parallel connection of two or more capacitors may be required to increase the total minimum RMS current rating to suit the application requirements. For an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, the voltage rating should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. Caution must be exercised if solid tantalum capacitors are used. The tantalum capacitor voltage rating should be twice the maximum input voltage. The tables in Figure 15 show the recommended application voltage for AVX TPS and Sprague 594D tantalum capacitors. It is also recommended that they be surge current tested by the manufacturer. The TPS series available from AVX, and the 593D and 594D series from Sprague are all surge current tested. Another approach to minimize the surge current stresses on the input capacitor is to add a small inductor in series with the input supply line. Use caution when using ceramic capacitors for input bypassing, because it may cause severe ringing at the VIN pin. EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 5. Input Capacitor (CIN) The important parameters for the input capacitor are the input voltage rating and the RMS current rating. With a maximum input voltage of 28V, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a voltage rating of at least 35V (1.25 × VIN) would be needed. The RMS current rating requirement for the input capacitor in a buck regulator is approximately ½ the DC load current. In this example, with a 1A load, a capacitor with a RMS current rating of at least 500 mA is needed. The curves shown in Figure 14 can be used to select an appropriate input capacitor. From the curves, locate the 35V line and note which capacitor values have RMS current ratings greater than 500 mA. For a through hole design, a 330 μF/35V electrolytic capacitor (Panasonic HFQ series, Nichicon PL, Sanyo MV-GX series or equivalent) would be adequate. Other types or other manufacturers' capacitors can be used provided the RMS ripple current ratings are adequate. Additionally, for a complete surface mount design, electrolytic capacitors such as the Sanyo CV-C or CV-BS and the Nichicon WF or UR and the NIC Components NACZ series could be considered. For surface mount designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, but caution must be exercised with regard to the capacitor surge current rating and voltage rating. In this example, checking Figure 15, and the Sprague 594D series datasheet, a Sprague 594D 15 μF, 50V capacitor is adequate. 6. Boost Capacitor (CB) 6. Boost Capacitor (CB) This capacitor develops the necessary voltage to turn the switch For this application, and all applications, use a 0.01 μF, 50V gate on fully. All applications should use a 0.01 μF, 50V ceramic ceramic capacitor. capacitor. If the soft-start and frequency synchronization features are desired, look at steps 6 and 7 in the fixed output design procedure. Case Style (Note 7) SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH SM and TH TH Output Voltage (V) 1.21–2.50 2.50–3.75 3.75–5.0 5.0–6.25 6.25–7.5 7.5–10.0 10.0–12.5 12.5–15.0 15.0–20.0 20.0–30.0 30.0–37.0 Inductance (μH) 22 — — — — C8 C9 C14 C15 C18 C21 C23 33 — — — C4 C4 C10 C11 C16 C19 C22 C24 47 — — C4 C7 C7 C11 C12 C17 C20 C22 C24 68 — C1 C5 C6 C6 C12 C12 C17 C20 C22 C25 100 C1 C2 C6 C6 C6 C13 C13 C17 C20 C22 C25 150 C2 C3 C6 C6 C6 C13 C13 C17 C20 C22 C25 220 C3 C3 C6 C6 C6 C13 C13 C17 C20 C22 C25 Note 7: SM - Surface Mount, TH - Through Hole FIGURE 16. Capacitor Code Selection Guide 19 www.national.com LM2672 Output Capacitor Cap. Ref. Desg. # C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 Surface Mount Sprague 594D Series (μF/V) 120/6.3 120/6.3 120/6.3 68/10 100/16 100/16 68/10 100/16 100/16 100/16 100/16 100/16 100/16 100/16 47/20 47/20 47/20 68/25 33/25 33/25 33/35 33/35 (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) AVX TPS Series (μF/V) 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/10 100/16 100/16 100/16 100/16 100/16 100/16 68/20 68/20 68/20 (2×) 33/25 33/25 33/25 (2×) 22/25 22/35 (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) Sanyo OS-CON SA Series (μF/V) 100/10 100/10 100/35 68/10 100/10 100/10 68/10 100/10 100/16 68/16 68/16 68/16 100/16 100/16 47/20 47/20 47/20 47/25 (Note 8) 33/25 (Note 8) 33/25 (Note 8) (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) Through Hole Sanyo MV-GX Series (μF/V) 220/35 150/35 120/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 150/35 330/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 220/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 150/35 120/35 220/50 150/50 150/50 Nichicon PL Series (μF/V) 220/35 150/35 120/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 150/35 330/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 220/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 150/35 120/35 100/50 100/50 82/50 Panasonic HFQ Series (μF/V) 220/35 150/35 120/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 150/35 330/35 330/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 120/35 220/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 220/35 150/35 120/35 150/35 120/35 120/50 120/50 82/50 Note 8: The SC series of Os-Con capacitors (others are SA series) Note 9: The voltage ratings of the surface mount tantalum chip and Os-Con capacitors are too low to work at these voltages. FIGURE 17. Output Capacitor Selection Table www.national.com 20 LM2672 Application Information TYPICAL SURFACE MOUNT PC BOARD LAYOUT, FIXD OUTPUT (4X SIZE) 1293439 CIN - 15 μF, 50V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” COUT - 68 μF, 16V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” D1 - 1A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, Surface Mount L1 - 33 μH, L23, Coilcraft DO3316 CB - 0.01 μF, 50V, Ceramic TYPICAL SURFACE MOUNT PC BOARD LAYOUT, ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT (4X SIZE) 1293440 CIN - 15 μF, 50V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” COUT - 33 μF, 25V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” D1 - 1A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, Surface Mount L1 - 68 μH, L30, Coilcraft DO3316 CB - 0.01 μF, 50V, Ceramic R1 - 1k, 1% R2 - Use formula in Design Procedure FIGURE 18. PC Board Layout Layout is very important in switching regulator designs. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance can generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground loops, the wires indicated by heavy lines (in Figure 2 and Figure 3) should be wide printed circuit traces and should be kept as short as possible. For best results, external components should be located as close to the switcher IC as possible using ground plane construction or single point grounding. If open core inductors are used, special care must be taken as to the location and positioning of this type of inductor. Allowing the inductor flux to intersect sensitive feedback, IC ground path, and COUT wiring can cause problems. When using the adjustable version, special care must be taken as to the location of the feedback resistors and the associated wiring. Physically locate both resistors near the IC, and route the wiring away from the inductor, especially an open core type of inductor. 21 www.national.com LM2672 LLP PACKAGE DEVICES The LM2672 is offered in the 16 lead LLP surface mount package to allow for increased power dissipation compared to the SO-8 and DIP. The Die Attach Pad (DAP) can and should be connected to PCB Ground plane/island. For CAD and assembly guidelines refer to Application Note AN-1187 at http:// power.national.com. www.national.com 22 LM2672 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Lead (0.150″ Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC Order Number LM2672M-3.3, LM2672M-5.0, LM2672M-12 or LM2672M-ADJ NS Package Number M08A 23 www.national.com LM2672 8-Lead (0.300″ Wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package Order Number LM2672N-3.3, LM2672N-5.0, LM2672N-12 or LM2672N-ADJ NS Package Number N08E 16-Lead LLP Surface Mount Package NS Package Number LDA16A www.national.com 24 LM2672 25 www.national.com LM2672 SIMPLE SWITCHER Power Converter High Efficiency 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator with Features Notes THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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Copyright© 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com National Semiconductor Americas Customer Support Center Email: new.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 1-800-272-9959 National Semiconductor Europe Customer Support Center Fax: +49 (0) 180-530-85-86 Email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +49 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Support Center Email: ap.support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Customer Support Center Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 www.national.com