KXPC8240LVV200E

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Order Number: MPC8240TS/D Rev.1, 7/1999 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... ª Advance Information MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary This document provides an overview of the MPC8240 PowerPCª integrated processor for highperformance embedded systems. The MPC8240 is a cost-effective, general-purpose integrated processor for applications using PCI in networking infrastructure, telecommunications, and other embedded markets. It can be used for control processing in applications such as network routers and switches, mass storage subsystems, network appliances, and print and imaging systems. For errata or revisions of this document, refer to the website at http://www.mot.com/powerpc. 1.1 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Overview The MPC8240 integrated processor is comprised of a peripheral logic block and a 32-bit superscalar PowerPC processor core, as shown in Figure 1-1. © Motorola, Inc., 1999. All rights reserved. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Overview MPC8240 Processor Core Block (64 bit) Two-instruction Fetch Additional features: ¥ JTAG/COP Interface ¥ Power Management Processor PLL Branch Processing Instruction Unit Unit (BPU) (64-bit) Two-instruction Dispatch Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... System Register Unit (SRU) Integer Unit (IU) FloatingPoint Unit (FPU) Load/Store Unit (LSU) Data MMU 64 bit Instruction MMU 16-Kbyte Instruction Cache 16-Kbyte Data Cache Peripheral Logic Bus Peripheral Logic Block Message Unit (with I2O) DMA Controller Address (32 bit) Data (64 bit) Central Control Unit Data Path ECC Controller Data Bus (32- or 64-bit) with 8-bit Parity or ECC Memory Controller Address/Control DRAM/SDRAM/ ROM/Flash/Port X Configuration Registers I2C I2C Controller 5 IRQs/ 16 Serial Interrupts EPIC Interrupt Controller /Timers SDRAM Sync In DLL PCI Bus Interface Unit Address Translator 32-Bit PCI Interface PCI Arbiter Five Request/Grant Pairs Peripheral Logic PLL Fanout Buffers SDRAM Sync Out SDRAM Clocks PCI Clock In PCI Bus Clocks OSC In Figure 1-1. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Functional Block Diagram The peripheral logic integrates a PCI bridge, memory controller, DMA controller, EPIC interrupt controller, a message unit (and I2O controller), and an I2C controller. The processor core is a full-featured, highperformance processor with ßoating-point support, memory management, 16-Kbyte instruction cache, 16- 2 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Overview Kbyte data cache, and power management features. The integration reduces the overall packaging requirements and the number of discrete devices required for an embedded system. The MPC8240 contains an internal peripheral logic bus that interfaces the processor core to the peripheral logic. The core can operate at a variety of frequencies, allowing the designer to trade off performance for power consumption. The processor core is clocked from a separate PLL, which is referenced to the peripheral logic PLL. This allows the microprocessor and the peripheral logic block to operate at different frequencies, while maintaining a synchronous bus interface. The interface uses a 64- or 32-bit data bus (depending on memory data bus width) and a 32-bit address bus along with control signals that enable the interface between the processor and peripheral logic to be optimized for performance. PCI accesses to the MPC8240Õs memory space are passed to the processor bus for snooping when snoop mode is enabled. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The processor core and peripheral logic are general-purpose in order to serve a variety of embedded applications. The MPC8240 can be used as either a PCI host or PCI agent controller. 1.1.1 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Features Major features of the MPC8240 are as follows: ¥ Peripheral logic Ñ Memory interface Ð Programmable timing supporting either FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM or SDRAM Ð High-bandwidth bus (32/64-bit data bus) to DRAM Ð Supports one to eight banks of 4-, 16-, 64-, or 128-Mbit memory devices Ð Supports 1-Mbyte to 1-Gbyte DRAM memory Ð Contiguous memory mapping Ð 16 Mbytes of ROM space Ð 8-, 32-, or 64-bit ROM Ð Write buffering for PCI and processor accesses Ð Supports normal parity, read-modify-write (RMW), or ECC Ð SDRAM data-path buffer Ð Low voltage TTL logic (LVTTL) Ð Port X: 8-, 32-, or 64-bit general-purpose I/O port using ROM controller interface with address strobe Ñ 32-bit PCI interface operating up to 66 MHz Ð PCI 2.1-compatible Ð PCI 5.0-V tolerance Ð Support for PCI locked accesses to memory Ð Support for accesses to all PCI address spaces Ð Selectable big- or little-endian operation Ð Store gathering of processor-to-PCI write and PCI-to-memory write accesses Ð Memory prefetching of PCI read accesses Ð Selectable hardware-enforced coherency Ð PCI bus arbitration unit (Þve request/grant pairs) MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 3 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... MPC8240 Integrated Processor Overview ¥ Ñ PCI agent mode capability Ð Address translation unit Ð Internal conÞguration registers accessible from PCI Ñ Two-channel integrated DMA controller Ð Supports direct mode or chaining mode (automatic linking of DMA transfers) Ð Supports scatter gatheringÑread or write discontinuous memory Ð Interrupt on completed segment, chain, and error Ð Local-to-local memory Ð PCI-to-PCI memory Ð PCI-to-local memory Ð Local-to-PCI memory Ñ Message unit Ð Two doorbell registers Ð Inbound and outbound messaging registers Ð I2O message controller Ñ I2C controller with full master/slave support Ñ Embedded programmable interrupt controller (EPIC) Ð Five hardware interrupts (IRQs) or 16 serial interrupts Ð Four programmable timers Ñ Integrated PCI bus and SDRAM clock generation Ñ Programmable memory and PCI bus output drivers Ñ Debug features Ð Memory attribute and PCI attribute signals Ð Debug address signals Ð MIV signal: Marks valid address and data bus cycles on the memory bus. Ð Error injection/capture on data path Ð IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG)/test interface Processor core Ñ High-performance, superscalar processor core Ñ Integer unit (IU), ßoating-point unit (FPU) (user enabled or disabled), load/store unit (LSU), system register unit (SRU), and a branch processing unit (BPU) Ñ 16-Kbyte instruction cache Ñ 16-Kbyte data cache Ñ Lockable L1 cacheÑentire cache or on a per-way basis Ñ Dynamic power management 1.1.2 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Applications The MPC8240 can be used for control processing in applications such as routers, switches, multi-channel modems, network storage, image display systems, enterprise I/O processor, Internet access device (IAD), disk controller for RAID systems, and copier/printer board control. Figure 1-2 shows the MPC8240 in the role of host processor. 4 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Overview MPC8240 DMA MU(I2O) Peripheral Logic I2C EPIC CTRL Data Main Memory: DRAM, EDO, SDRAM Port X ROM Processor Core Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... PCI Bus Peripheral 1 Peripheral 2 Peripheral 3 PCI-to-PCI Bridge PCI Bus Figure 1-2. System Using an Integrated MPC8240 as a Host Processor Figure 1-3 shows the MPC8240 in a distributed I/O processor application. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 5 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Overview Host Processor Host Bridge Host Memory PCI Bus Peripheral 3 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Peripheral 1 System I/O Controller PCI-to-PCI Bridge PCI Bus Peripheral 2 MPC8240 CTRL Data Port X ROM Main Memory: DRAM, EDO, SDRAM Processor Core Figure 1-3. Embedded System Using an MPC8240 as a Distributed Processor Figure 1-4 shows the MPC8240 as a peripheral processing device. The PCI-to-PCI bridge shown could be of the PCI type 0 variety. The MPC8240 would not be part of the system conÞguration map. This conÞguration is useful in applications such as RAID controllers, where the I/O devices shown are SCSI controllers, or multi-port network controllers where the devices shown are Ethernet controllers. 6 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Processor Core Overview . Host Processor Host Bridge Host Memory PCI Bus Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Peripheral 1 Peripheral 2 PCI-to-PCI Bridge I/O Device I/O Device Peripheral 3 System I/O Controller Local PCI bus MPC8240 CTRL DMA MU(I2O) Peripheral Logic I2C EPIC Data Port X ROM Main Memory: DRAM, EDO, SDRAM Processor Core Figure 1-4. Embedded System Using an MPC8240 as a Peripheral Processor 1.2 Processor Core Overview The MPC8240 contains an embedded version of the PowerPC 603eª processor. For detailed information regarding the processor refer to the following: ¥ ¥ MPC603e & EC603e UserÕs Manual (Those chapters that describe the programming model, cache model, memory management model, exception model, and instruction timing) PowerPC Microprocessor Family: The Programming Environments for 32-Bit Microprocessors This section is an overview of the processor core, provides a block diagram showing the major functional units, and describes brießy how those units interact. For more information, refer to Chapter 2, ÒPowerPC Processor Core,Ó in the MPC8240 UserÕs Manual. The processor core is a low-power implementation of the PowerPC microprocessor family of reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessors. The processor core implements the 32-bit portion of the PowerPC architecture, which provides 32-bit effective addresses, integer data types of 8, 16, and 32 bits, and ßoating-point data types of 32 and 64 bits. The processor core is a superscalar processor that can issue and retire as many as three instructions per clock. Instructions can execute out of order for increased performance; however, the processor core makes completion appear sequential. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 7 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Processor Core Overview The processor core integrates Þve execution unitsÑan integer unit (IU), a ßoating-point unit (FPU), a branch processing unit (BPU), a load/store unit (LSU), and a system register unit (SRU). The ability to execute Þve instructions in parallel and the use of simple instructions with rapid execution times yield high efÞciency and throughput. Most integer instructions execute in one clock cycle. On the processor core, the FPU is pipelined so a single-precision multiply-add instruction can be issued and completed every clock cycle. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The processor core supports integer data types of 8, 16, and 32 bits, and ßoating-point data types of 32 and 64 bits. The processor core provides independent on-chip, 16-Kbyte, four-way set-associative, physically addressed caches for instructions and data and on-chip instruction and data memory management units (MMUs). The MMUs contain 64-entry, two-way set-associative, data and instruction translation lookaside buffers (DTLB and ITLB) that provide support for demand-paged virtual memory address translation and variable-sized block translation. The TLBs and caches use a least recently used (LRU) replacement algorithm. The processor also supports block address translation through the use of two independent instruction and data block address translation (IBAT and DBAT) arrays of four entries each. Effective addresses are compared simultaneously with all four entries in the BAT array during block translation. In accordance with the PowerPC architecture, if an effective address hits in both the TLB and BAT array, the BAT translation takes priority. As an added feature to the processor core, the MPC8240 can lock the contents of one to three ways in the instruction and data cache (or an entire cache). For example, this allows embedded applications to lock interrupt routines or other important (time-sensitive) instruction sequences into the instruction cache. It allows data to be locked into the data cache, which may be important to code that must have deterministic execution. The processor core has a selectable 32- or 64-bit data bus and a 32-bit address bus. The processor core supports single-beat and burst data transfers for memory accesses, and supports memory-mapped I/O operations. Figure 1-5 provides a block diagram of the MPC8240 processor core that shows how the execution units (IU, FPU, BPU, LSU, and SRU) operate independently and in parallel. Note that this is a conceptual diagram and does not attempt to show how these features are physically implemented on the chip. 8 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Processor Core Overview 64 Bit 64 Bit SEQUENTIAL FETCHER 64 Bit Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... INSTRUCTION QUEUE SYSTEM REGISTER UNIT BRANCH PROCESSING UNIT CTR CR LR 64 Bit Dispatch Unit + INSTRUCTION UNIT 64 Bit 64 Bit INTEGER UNIT / * + GPR File GP Rename Registers 64 Bit 64 Bit LOAD/STORE UNIT FPR File FP Rename Registers + FLOATINGPOINT UNIT / * + XER FPSCR 32 Bit COMPLETION UNIT D MMU SRs DTLB Power Dissipation Control Time Base Counter/ Decrementer JTAG/COP Interface Clock Multiplier Tags DBAT Array 16Kbyte D Cache Touch Load Buffer I MMU SRs 64 Bit IBAT Array ITLB Tags 16Kbyte I Cache PERIPHERAL LOGIC BUS INTERFACE Copyback Buffer 32-Bit Address Bus 32-/64-Bit Data Bus Figure 1-5. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Core Block Diagram MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 9 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Peripheral Logic Bus 1.3 Peripheral Logic Bus The MPC8240 contains an internal peripheral logic bus that interfaces the processor core to the peripheral logic. The core can operate at a variety of frequencies allowing the designer to balance performance and power consumption. The processor core is clocked from a separate PLL, which is referenced to the peripheral logic PLL. This allows the microprocessor and the peripheral logic to operate at different frequencies while maintaining a synchronous bus interface. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The processor core-to-peripheral logic interface includes a 32-bit address bus, a 32- or 64-bit data bus as well as control and information signals. The peripheral logic bus allows for internal address-only transactions as well as address and data transactions. The processor core control and information signals include the address arbitration, address start, address transfer, transfer attribute, address termination, data arbitration, data transfer, data termination, and processor state signals. Test and control signals provide diagnostics for selected internal circuits. The peripheral logic interface supports bus pipelining, which allows the address tenure of one transaction to overlap the data tenure of another. PCI accesses to the memory space are monitored by the peripheral logic bus to allow the processor to snoop these accesses (when snooping not explicitly disabled). As part of the peripheral logic bus interface, the processor coreÕs data bus is conÞgured at power-up to either a 32- or 64-bit width. When the processor is conÞgured with a 32-bit data bus, memory accesses on the peripheral logic bus interface allow transfer sizes of 8, 16, 24, or 32 bits in one bus clock cycle. Data transfers occur in either single-beat transactions, or two-beat or eight-beat burst transactions, with a singlebeat transaction transferring as many as 32 bits. Single- or double-beat transactions are caused by noncached accesses that access memory directly (that is, reads and writes when caching is disabled, caching-inhibited accesses, and stores in write-through mode). Eight-beat burst transactions, which always transfer an entire cache line (32 bytes), are initiated when a line is read from or written to memory. When the peripheral logic bus interface is conÞgured with a 64-bit data bus, memory accesses allow transfer sizes of 8, 16, 24, 32, or 64 bits in one bus clock cycle. Data transfers occur in either single-beat transactions or four-beat burst transactions. Single-beat transactions are caused by noncached accesses that access memory directly (that is, reads and writes when caching is disabled, caching-inhibited accesses, and stores in write-through mode). Four-beat burst transactions, which always transfer an entire cache line (32 bytes), are initiated when a block is read from or written to memory. 1.4 Peripheral Logic Overview The peripheral logic block integrates a PCI bridge, memory controller, DMA controller, EPIC interrupt controller/timers, a message unit with an Intelligent Input/Output (I2O) message controller, and an InterIntegrated Circuit (I2C) controller. The integration reduces the overall packaging requirements and the number of discrete devices required for an embedded system. Figure 1-6 shows the major functional units within the peripheral logic block. Note that this is a conceptual block diagram intended to show the basic features rather than an attempt to show how these features are physically implemented. 10 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Peripheral Logic Overview Peripheral Logic Bus Peripheral Logic Block Message Unit (with I2O) DMA Controller Address (32-Bit) Data (64-Bit) Data Bus (32- or 64-bit) with 8-bit Parity or ECC Data Path ECC Controller Central Control Unit Memory Controller Memory/ROM/ Port X Control/Address Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Configuration Registers I2C 5 IRQs/ 16 Serial Interrupts I2C Controller EPIC Interrupt Controller /Timers PCI Bus Interface Unit Address Translator 32-Bit PCI Interface Peripheral Logic PLL SDRAM Clocks PCI Clock In Fanout Buffers PCI Bus Clocks DLL PCI Arbiter Five Request/Grant Pairs System Clock Figure 1-6. MPC8240 Peripheral Logic Block Diagram 1.4.1 Peripheral Logic Features Major features of the peripheral logic are as follows: ¥ ¥ Peripheral logic bus Ñ Supports various operating frequencies and bus divider ratios Ñ 32-bit address bus, 64-bit data bus Ñ Supports full memory coherency Ñ Decoupled address and data buses for pipelining of peripheral logic bus accesses Ñ Store gathering on peripheral logic bus-to-PCI writes Memory interface Ñ 1 Gbyte of RAM space, 16 Mbytes of ROM space Ñ High-bandwidth, 64-bit data bus (72 bits including parity or ECC) Ñ Supports fast page mode DRAMs, extended data out (EDO) DRAMs, or synchronous DRAMs (SDRAMs) Ñ Supports 1 to 8 banks of DRAM/EDO/SDRAM with sizes ranging from 1 to 128 Mbytes per bank Ñ Supports page mode SDRAMsÑfour open pages simultaneously Ñ DRAM/EDO conÞgurations support parity or error checking and correction (ECC); SDRAM conÞgurations support ECC Ñ ROM space may be split between the PCI bus and the memory bus (8 Mbytes each) MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 11 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Peripheral Logic Overview Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... ¥ ¥ Ñ Supports 8-bit asynchronous ROM, or 32- or 64-bit burst-mode ROM Ñ Supports writing to ßash ROM Ñ ConÞgurable data path Ñ Programmable interface timing PCI interface Ñ Compatible with PCI Local Bus SpeciÞcation, Revision 2.1 Ñ Supports PCI locked accesses to memory using the LOCK signal and protocol Ñ Supports accesses to all PCI address spaces Ñ Selectable big- or little-endian operation Ñ Store gathering on PCI writes to memory Ñ Selectable memory prefetching of PCI read accesses Ñ Interface operates at up to 66 MHz Ñ Parity support Supports concurrent transactions on peripheral logic bus and PCI buses 1.4.2 Peripheral Logic Functional Units The peripheral logic consists of the following major functional units: ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ Peripheral logic bus interface Memory interface PCI interface Ñ PCI bus arbitration unit Ñ Address maps and translation Ñ Big-and little-endian modes Ñ PCI agent capability Ñ PCI bus clock buffers and bus ratios DMA controller Message unit Ñ Doorbell registers Ñ Message registers Ñ I2O support (circular queues) Embedded programmable interrupt controller (EPIC) with four timers ¥ I2C interface ¥ ¥ 1.4.3 Memory System Interface The MPC8240 memory interface controls processor and PCI interactions to main memory. It supports a variety of DRAM, and ßash or ROM conÞgurations as main memory. The MPC8240 supports FPM (fast page mode), EDO (extended data out) and synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). The maximum supported memory size is 1 Gbyte of DRAM or SDRAM and 16 Mbytes of ROM/ßash. SDRAM must comply with the JEDEC SDRAM speciÞcation. The MPC8240 implements Port X, a ßexible memory bus interface that facilitates the connection of general purpose I/O devices. The Port X functionality allows the designer to connect external registers, 12 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Peripheral Logic Overview communication devices, and other such devices directly to the MPC8240. Some devices may require a small amount of external logic to properly generate address strobes, chip selects, and other signals. The MPC8240 is designed to control a 32-bit or 64-bit data path to main memory DRAM or SDRAM. For a 32-bit data path, the MPC8240 can be conÞgured to check and generate byte parity using four parity bits. For a 64-bit data path, the MPC8240 can be conÞgured to support parity or ECC checking and generation with eight parity/syndrome bits checked and generated. The MPC8240 supports DRAM or SDRAM bank sizes from 1 to 128 Mbytes and provides bank start address and end address conÞguration registers, but MPC8240 does not support mixed DRAM/SDRAM conÞgurations. MPC8240 can be conÞgured so that appropriate row and column address multiplexing occurs according to the accessed memory bank. Addresses are provided to DRAM and SDRAM through a 13-bit interface for DRAM and 14-bit interface for SDRAM. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Two bank selects, one write enable, one output enable, and up to 21 address signals are provided for ROM/ ßash systems. 1.4.4 Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) The PCI interface for the MPC8240 is compatible with the Peripheral Component Interconnect SpeciÞcation Revision 2.1. Mode-selectable, big- to little-endian conversion is supplied at the PCI interface. The MPC8240 provides an interface to the PCI bus running at speeds up to 66 MHz. The MPC8240Õs PCI interface can be conÞgured as host or agent. In host mode the interface acts as the main memory controller for the system and responds to all host memory transactions. In agent mode, the MPC8240 can be conÞgured to respond to a programmed window of PCI memory space. A variety of initialization modes are provided to boot the device. 1.4.4.1 PCI Bus Arbitration Unit The MPC8240 contains a PCI bus arbitration unit, which reduces the need for an equivalent external unit, thus lowering system complexity and cost. It has the following features: ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ The unit can be disabled to allow a remote arbitration unit to be used. Five external arbitration signal pairs. The MPC8240 is the sixth member of the arbitration pool. The bus arbitration unit allows fairness as well as a priority mechanism. A two-level round-robin scheme is used in which each device can be programmed within a pool of a high- or low-priority arbitration. One member of the low-priority pool is promoted to the highpriority pool. As soon as it is granted the bus, it returns to the low-priority pool. 1.4.4.2 Address Maps and Translation The MPC8240Õs processor bus supports memory-mapped accesses. The address space is divided between memory and PCI according to one of two allowable address maps. An in-bound and out-bound PCI address translation mechanism is provided to support the use of the MPC8240 in agent mode. Note that only map B is supported in agent mode. When the MPC8240 is used as a peripheral processor and not the primary host, it is possible that only a portion of the memory controlled by it may be visible to the system. In addition, it may be necessary to map the local memory to different system memory address space. The address translation unit handles the mapping of both in-bound and out-bound transactions for these cases. 1.4.4.3 Byte Ordering The MPC8240 allows the processor to run in either big- or little-endian mode (except for the initial boot code which must run in big-endian mode). MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 13 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Peripheral Logic Overview 1.4.4.4 PCI Agent Capability In certain applications the embedded system architecture dictates that the MPC8240 act as peripheral processor. In this case the peripheral logic must not act like a host bridge for the PCI bus. Instead it functions as a conÞgurable device that is accessed by a host bridge. This capability allows multiple MPC8240 devices to coexist with other PCI peripheral devices on a single PCI bus. The MPC8240 contains PCI 2.1compatible conÞguration capabilities. 1.4.5 DMA Controller Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The integrated DMA controller contains two independent units, each capable of performing the following types of transfers: ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ PCI-to-local memory Local-to-PCI memory PCI-to-PCI memory Local-to-local memory The DMA controller allows chaining through local memory-mapped chain descriptors. Transfers can be scatter gathered and misaligned. Interrupts are provided on completed segment, chain, and error conditions. 1.4.6 Message Unit (MU) Many embedded applications require handshake algorithms to pass control, status, and data information from one owner to another. This is made easier with doorbell and message registers. The MPC8240 has a message unit (MU) that implements doorbell and message registers as well as an I2O interface. The MU has many conditions that can cause interrupts and uses the EPIC unit to signal external interrupts to the PCI interface and internal interrupts to the processor core. 1.4.6.1 Doorbell Registers The MPC8240 MU contains one 32-bit inbound doorbell register and one 32-bit outbound doorbell register. The inbound doorbell register allows a remote processor to set a bit in the register from the PCI bus. This, in turn, generates an interrupt to the processor core. The processor core can write to the outbound register, causing the outbound interrupt signal INTA to assert, thus interrupting the host processor. Once INTA is generated, it can be cleared only by the host processor by writing ones to the bits that are set in the outbound doorbell register. 1.4.6.2 Inbound and Outbound Message Registers The MPC8240 contains two 32-bit inbound message registers and two 32-bit outbound message registers. The inbound registers allow a remote host or PCI master to write a 32-bit value, causing an interrupt to the processor core. The outbound registers allow the processor core to write an outbound message which causes the outbound interrupt signal INTA to assert. 1.4.6.3 Intelligent Input/Output Controller (I2O) The intelligent I/O speciÞcation is an open standard that deÞnes an abstraction layer interface between the OS and subsystem drivers. Messages are passed between the message abstraction layer from one device to another. The I2O speciÞcation describes a system as being made up of host processors and input/output platforms (IOPs). The host processor is a single processor or a collection of processors working together to execute a homogenous operating system. An IOP consists of a processor, memory, and I/O interfaces. The IOP functions separately from other processors within the system to handle system I/O functions. 14 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Peripheral Logic Overview The I2O controller of the MU enhances communication between hosts and IOPs within a system. The MU maintains a set of FIFO buffers located in local IOP memory. Four queues are provided: two for inbound messages and two for outbound messages. The inbound message queues are used to transfer messages from a remote host or IOP to the processor core. The outbound queues are used to transfer messages from the processor core to the remote host. Messages are transferred between the host and the IOP using PCI memory-mapped registers. The MPC8240Õs I2O controller facilitates moving the messages to and from the inbound and outbound registers and local IOP memory. Interrupts signal the host and IOP to indicate the arrival of new messages. 1.4.7 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Controller Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The I2C serial interface has become an industry de-facto standard for communicating with low-speed peripherals. Typically, it is used for system management functions and EEPROM support. The MPC8240 contains an I2C controller with full master and slave functionality. 1.4.8 Embedded Programmable Interrupt Controller (EPIC) The integrated hardware interrupt controller reduces the overall component count in embedded applications. The embedded programmable interrupt controller (EPIC) is designed to collect external and internal hardware interrupts, prioritize them, and deliver them to the processor core. The module operates in two modes: ¥ ¥ In direct mode, Þve level- or edge-triggered interrupts can be connected directly to an MPC8240. The MPC8240 provides a serial delivery mechanism for when more than Þve external interrupt sources are needed. The serial mechanism allows for up to 16 interrupts to be serially scanned into the MPC8240. This mechanism increases the number of interrupts without increasing the number of pins. The outbound interrupt request signal, L_INT, is used to signal interrupts to the host processor when the MPC8240 is conÞgured for agent mode. The MPC8240 EPIC includes four programmable timers that can be used for system timing or for generating periodic interrupts. 1.4.9 Integrated PCI Bus and SDRAM Clock Generation There are two clocking solutions directed towards different system requirements. For systems where the MPC8240 is the host controller with a minimum number of clock loads, clock fan-out buffers are provided on chip. For systems requiring more clock fan out or where the MPC8240 is an agent device, external clock buffers may be used. 1.4.10 Bus Ratios The MPC8240 requires a single clock input signal, PCI_SYNC_IN, which can be driven by the PCI clock fan-out buffersÑspeciÞcally the PCI_SYNC_OUT output. PCI_SYNC_IN can also be driven by an external clock driver. PCI_SYNC_IN is driven by the PCI bus frequency. An internal PLL, using PCI_SYNC_IN as a reference, generates an internal peripheral bus clock that is used for the internal logic. The peripheral bus clock frequency is selectable by the MPC8240 PLL conÞguration signals (PLL_CFG[0Ð4]) to be a multiple of the PCI_SYNC_IN frequency. The MPC8240 provides an on-chip delay-locked loop (DLL) that can supply an external memory bus clock to SDRAM banks. The memory bus clock is of the same frequency and synchronous with the internal peripheral bus clock. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 15 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Power Management The internal clocking of the processor core is generated from and synchronized to the internal peripheral bus clock by means of a second PLL. The coreÕs PLL provides multiples of the internal processor core clock rates as speciÞed in the MPC8240 Hardware SpeciÞcation. 1.5 Power Management Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The MPC8240 provides both automatic and program-controllable power reduction modes for progressive reduction of power consumption. The MPC8240 has independent power management functionality for both the processor core and the peripheral logic. The MPC8240 provides hardware support for three levels of programmable power reduction for both the processor and the peripheral logic. Doze, nap, and sleep modes are invoked by register programmingÑHID0 in the case of the processor core and conÞguration registers in the case of the peripheral logic block. The processor and peripheral logic blocks are both fully static, allowing internal logic states to be preserved during all power-saving modes. The following sections describe the programmable power modes. 1.5.1 Programmable Processor Power Management Modes Table 1-1 summarizes the programmable power-saving modes for the processor core. These are very similar to those available in the MPC603e device. Table 1-1. Programmable Processor Power Modes PM Mode Functioning Units Activation Method Full-Power Wake Up Method Full power All units active Ñ Ñ Full power Requested logic by demand By instruction dispatch Ñ (with DPM) Doze Bus snooping Controlled by software (write to HID0) External asynchronous exceptions (assertion of SMI or int ), Data cache as needed Decrementer exception Decrementer timer Hard or soft reset Machine check exception (mcp) Nap Decrementer timer Controlled by software (write to HID0) and qualiÞed with QACK from peripheral logic External asynchronous exceptions (assertion of SMI, or int ) Decrementer exception Negation of QACK by peripheral logic Hard or soft reset Machine check exception (mcp) Sleep None Controlled by software (write to HID0) and qualiÞed with QACK from peripheral logic External asynchronous exceptions (assertion of SMI, or int ) Negation of QACK by peripheral logic Hard or soft reset Machine check exception (mcp) 1.5.2 Peripheral Logic Power Management Modes The following subsections describe the power management modes of the peripheral logic. Table 1-2 summarizes the programmable power-saving modes for the peripheral logic block. 16 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Debug Features . Table 1-2. Programmable Peripheral Logic Power Modes PM Mode Full power Doze Functioning Units Full-Power Wake Up Method Activation Method All units active Ñ Ñ PCI address decoding and bus arbiter Controlled by software (write to PMCR) PCI access to memory System RAM refreshing Processor bus request and NMI monitoring EPIC unit Processor bus request Assertion of NMI Interrupt to EPIC I2C unit Hard Reset PLL Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Nap PCI address decoding and bus arbiter System RAM refreshing Processor bus request and NMI monitoring EPIC unit Controlled by software (write to PMCR) and processor core in nap or sleep mode PCI access to memory1 Processor bus request Assertion of NMI Interrupt to EPIC I2C unit Hard Reset PLL Sleep PCI bus arbiter System RAM refreshing (can be disabled) Processor bus request and NMI monitoring EPIC unit Controlled by software (write to PMCR) and processor core in nap or sleep mode I2C unit Processor bus request Assertion of NMI Interrupt to EPIC Hard Reset PLL (can be disabled) 1 A PCI access to memory in nap mode does not cause QACK to negate; subsequently, it does not wake up the processor core. Thus the processor wonÕt snoop this access. After servicing the PCI access, the peripheral logic automatically returns to the nap mode. 1.6 Debug Features The MPC8240 includes the following debug features: ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ Memory attribute and PCI attribute signals Debug address signals MIV signal: Marks valid address and data bus cycles on the memory bus. Error injection/capture on data path IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG)/test interface 1.6.1 Memory Attribute and PCI Attribute Signals The MPC8240 provides additional information corresponding to memory and PCI activity on several signals to assist with system debugging. The two types of attribute signals are described as follows: ¥ ¥ The memory attribute signals are associated with the memory interface and provide information concerning the source of the memory operation being performed by the MPC8240. The PCI attribute signals are associated with the PCI interface and provide information concerning the source of the PCI operation being performed by the MPC8240. MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 17 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Debug Features 1.6.2 Memory Debug Address When enabled, the debug address provides software disassemblers a simple way to reconstruct the 30-bit physical address for a memory bus transaction to DRAM and SDRAM, ROM, FLASH, or PortX. For DRAM or SDRAM, these 16 debug address signals are sampled with the column address and chip-selects. For ROMs, FLASH, and PortX devices, the debug address pins are sampled at the same time as the ROM address and can be used to recreate the 24-bit physical address in conjunction with ROM address. The granularity of the reconstructed physical address is limited by the bus width of the interface; double-words for 64-bit interfaces, words for 32-bit interfaces, and bytes for 8-bit interfaces. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 1.6.3 Memory Interface Valid (MIV) The memory interface valid signal, MIV, is asserted whenever FPM, EDO, SDRAM, FLASH, or ROM addresses or data are present on the external memory bus. It is intended to help reduce the number of bus cycles that logic analyzers must store in memory during a debug trace. 1.6.4 Error Injection/Capture on Data Path The MPC8240 provides hardware to exercise and debug the ECC and parity logic by allowing the user to inject multi-bit stuck-at faults onto the peripheral logic or memory data/parity busses and to capture the data/ parity output on receipt of an ECC or parity error. 1.6.5 IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG)/Test Interface The processor core provides IEEE 1149.1 functions for facilitating board testing and debugging. The IEEE 1149.1 test interface provides a means for boundary-scan testing the processor core and the board to which it is attached. 18 MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Debug Features MPC8240 Integrated Processor Technical Summary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 19 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. RoHS-compliant and/or Pb- free versions of Freescale products have the functionality Home Page: and electrical characteristics of their non-RoHS-compliant and/or non-Pb- free www.freescale.com counterparts. 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