TFA9881UK/N1,118

TFA9881 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 Product data sheet 1. General description The TFA9881 is a mono, filter-free class-D audio amplifier in a 9-bump WLCSP (Wafer Level Chip-Size Package) with a 400 m pitch. The digital input interface is an over-sampled Pulse Density Modulated (PDM) bit stream. The TFA9881 receives audio and control settings via this interface. Dedicated silence patterns are used to configure the control settings of the device, such as mute, gain, Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) output slope, clip control and bandwidth extension (this control mechanism is not required if the default settings are used). The Power-down to Operating mode transition is triggered when a clock signal is detected. The device features low RF susceptibility because it has a digital input interface that is insensitive to clock jitter. The second order closed loop architecture used in the TFA9881 provides excellent audio performance and high supply voltage ripple rejection. 2. Features and benefits                  Small outline WLCSP9 package: 1.3  1.3  0.6 mm Wide supply voltage range (fully operational from 2.5 V to 5.5 V) High efficiency (90 %, 4 /20 H load) and low power dissipation Quiescent power:  6.5 mW (VDDD = 1.8 V, VDDP = 3.6 V, 4 /20 H load, fclk = 2.048 MHz)  7.8 mW (VDDD = 1.8 V, VDDP = 3.6 V, 4 /20 H load, fclk = 6.144 MHz) Output power:  1.4 W into 4  at 3.6 V supply (THD = 1 %)  2.7 W into 4  at 5.0 V supply (THD = 1 %)  3.4 W into 4  at 5.0 V supply (THD = 10 %) Output noise voltage: 24 V (A-weighted) Signal-to-noise ratio: 103 dB (VDDP = 5 V, A-weighted) Fully short-circuit proof across load and to supply lines Current limiting to avoid audio holes Thermally protected Undervoltage and overvoltage protection High-pass filter for DC blocking Invalid data protection Simple two-wire interface for audio and control settings Left/right selection Three gain settings:3 dB, 0 dB and +3 dB PWM output slope setting for EMI reduction TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier           Bandwidth extension to support low sampling frequencies Clip control for smooth clipping Mute mode ‘Pop noise' free at all mode transitions Short power-up time: 2 ms Short power-down time: 5 s 1.8 V/3.3 V tolerant digital inputs Low RF susceptibility Insensitive to input clock jitter Only two external components required 3. Applications       Mobile phones PDAs Portable gaming devices Portable Navigation Devices (PND) Notebooks/Netbooks MP3 players/Portable media players 4. Quick reference data Table 1. Quick reference data All parameters are guaranteed for VTEST = VDDP = 3.6 V; VDDD = 1.8 V; RL = 4 [1]; LL = 20 H[1]; fi = 1 kHz; fclk = 6.144 MHz; Tamb = 25 C; default settings, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VDDP power supply voltage on pin VDDP 2.5 - 5.5 V VDDD digital supply voltage on pin VDDD 1.65 1.8 1.95 V IDDP power supply current Operating mode with load - 1.5 1.7 mA IDDD Po(RMS) digital supply current RMS output power Mute mode - 1.1 1.2 mA Power-down mode - 0.1 1 A Operating mode - 1.35 1.5 mA Mute mode - 1.25 1.4 mA Power-down mode CLK = 0 V; DATA = 0 V - 2 8 A VDDP = 3.6 V, fi = 100 Hz - 1.4 - W VDDP = 5.0 V, fi = 100 Hz - 2.7 - W - 3.4 - W - 90 - % THD + N = 1 % THD + N = 10 % VDDP = 5.0 V, fi = 100 Hz po [1] TFA9881 Product data sheet output power efficiency Po(RMS) = 1.4 W RL = load resistance; LL = load inductance. All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 2 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 5. Ordering information Table 2. Ordering information Type number TFA9881UK Package Name Description Version WLCSP9 wafer level chip-size package; 9 bumps; 1.3 x 1.3 x 0.6 mm TFA9881UK 6. Block diagram VDDD TEST VDDP B1 C2 B2 SILENCE PATTERN DECODER DATA A1 LRSEL A2 CLK PDM RECEIVER TFA9881 HP FILTER PWM C3 OUTA A3 OUTB H-BRIDGE C1 PROTECTION CIRCUITS: OTP OVP UVP OCP POWER DOWN CONTROL B3 GND Fig 1. TFA9881 Product data sheet 010aaa698 Block diagram All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 3 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 7. Pinning information 7.1 Pinning TFA9881 1 2 TFA9881 bump A1 index area 3 1 C A B B A C bump A1 index area 010aaa700 3 010aaa699 Bottom view Fig 2. 2 Transparent top view Bump configuration for WLCSP9 (bottom view) Fig 3. Bump configuration for WLCSP9 (top view) 1 2 3 A DATA LRSEL OUTB B VDDD VDDP GND C CLK TEST OUTA 010aaa701 Transparent top view Fig 4. Bump mapping for WLCSP9 7.2 Pin description TFA9881 Product data sheet Table 3. Pin description Symbol Pin Type Description DATA A1 I data input LRSEL A2 I left/right selection OUTB A3 O inverting output VDDD B1 P digital supply voltage (1.8 V) VDDP B2 P power supply voltage (2.5 V to 5.5 V) GND B3 P ground reference CLK C1 I clock input TEST C2 I test pin (must be connected to VDDP) OUTA C3 O non-inverting output All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 4 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 8. Functional description The TFA9881 is a high-efficiency mono Bridge Tied Load (BTL) class-D audio amplifier with a digital stereo PDM input interface. A High-Pass (HP) filter removes the DC components from the incoming PDM stream. This stream is subsequently converted into two PWM signals. A 3-level PWM scheme supports filterless speaker drive. 8.1 Mode selection and interfacing The TFA9881 supports four operating modes: • Power-down mode, with low supply current • Mute mode, in which the output stages are floating so that the audio input signal is suppressed • Operating mode, in which the amplifier is fully operational, delivering an output signal • Fault mode The TFA9881 switches to Fault mode automatically when a protection mechanism is activated (see Section 8.6). The defined patterns required on the CLK and DATA inputs to select the other three modes are given in Table 4. Power-down mode is selected when there is no clock signal on the CLK input. Applying the clock signal will cause the TFA9881 to switch from Power-down mode to Operating mode. Power-down mode is also activated when the power-down silence pattern (at least 128 consecutive 0xAC bytes) is detected on the DATA input (see Section 8.4.1). The TFA9881 will switch to Power-down mode after byte 128 and will remain in Power-down mode as long as a continuous stream of consecutive 0xAC bytes is being received. It will switch to Operating mode if a byte other than 0xAC is received. Mute mode is activated when the mute silence pattern (at least 32 consecutive 0x66 bytes) is detected on the DATA input. The TFA9881 will switch to Mute mode after byte 32 and will remain in Mute mode until a byte other than 0x66 is received. Table 4. Mode selection Mode Pins CLK frequency Data pattern OUTA, OUTB Power-down 0 Hz don’t care floating 2 MHz to 8 MHz activated after 128 consecutive 0xAC bytes floating Mute 2 MHz to 8 MHz activated after 32 consecutive 0x66 bytes floating Operating 2 MHz to 8 MHz PDM bit stream switching 8.2 Digital stereo PDM audio input The TFA9881 supports the digital stereo PDM stream illustrated in Figure 5. Table 5 shows the pin control configuration for left and right selection. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 5 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier CLK DATA LEFT RIGHT 010aaa702 Fig 5. Digital stereo PDM selection Table 5. Left/right selection LRSEL pin state Description LOW left content amplified HIGH right content amplified 8.3 Power up/down sequence The TFA9881 power-up/power-down sequence is shown in Figure 6. External power supplies VDDP and VDDD should be within their operating limits before the TFA9881 switches to Operating mode. The TFA9881 should be switched to Power-down mode before the power supplies are disconnected or turned off. VDDP, VDDD 128·fs or 64·fs clock signal CLK 128 × 0xAC DATA PDM OUTA, OUTB Power-down 32 times 0x66 PDM floating switching td(on) 0x66 ....... Operating Mute 32 times 96 times 0xAC 0xAC 0xAC ....... PDM floating switching Operating Mute switching Power-down td(on) Operating Power-down td(off) 010aaa710 Fig 6. Power-up/power-down sequence Table 6. Power-up/power-down timing All parameters are guaranteed for VTEST = VDDP = 3.6 V; VDDD = 1.8 V; RL = 4 [1]; LL = 20 H[1]; fi = 1 kHz; fclk = 6.144 MHz; Tamb = 25 C; default settings, unless otherwise specified. Symbol td(on) td(off) TFA9881 Product data sheet Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit turn-on delay time [2] - - 2 ms turn-off delay time [2] - - 5 s [1] RL = load resistance; LL = load inductance. [2] Inversely proportional to fclk. All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 6 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 8.4 Control settings Control settings are not needed if the default values are adequate. 8.4.1 Silence pattern recognition The TFA9881 can detect control settings on the PDM input by means of silence pattern recognition. A silence pattern has the following properties: • All audio bytes have the same value • Each audio byte must contain four zeros and four ones The ten silence patterns recognized by the TFA9881 are listed in the first column of Table 7. The second column contains the related audio bytes that are generated when the silence patterns are phase shifted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 bits. The TFA9881 reacts as follows on receiving a silence pattern (see Table 8): • After receiving 32 consecutive silence pattern audio bytes, the TFA9881 sets the outputs floating. • After receiving 128 consecutive silence pattern audio bytes, the TFA9881 activates the appropriate control setting (see column three of Table 7). Remark: Only the control settings associated with silence patterns containing audio bytes 0xD2, 0xD4, 0xD8, 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE4 and 0xAA can be set during power-up (before the power-up delay time, td(on), has expired). After power-up, only silence patterns containing bytes 0x66 and 0xAC will be recognized. All other silence patterns are ignored. All control settings can be activated when: • control silence patterns are transmitted after the TFA9881 has been switched to Power-down mode on receipt of a power-down silence pattern (at least 128 consecutive 0xAC bytes) • control silence patterns are transmitted after the clock input has stopped and then started again (power-up) If a silence pattern containing more than 128 consecutive silence pattern audio bytes is received during power-up, the TFA9881 outputs will remain floating until a different audio byte is received. It will then switch to Operating mode. Once the TFA9881 has powered up, only ‘mute’ (0x66) and ‘power-down’ (0xAC) control patterns are recognized. All registers are reset to their default values if silence pattern 0xAA is received or the VDDD supply is removed. Table 7. TFA9881 Product data sheet Silence patterns Byte Related bytes[1] Control settings 0xD1 0xE8/74/3A/1D/8E/47/A3 reserved for test purposes 0xD2 0x69/B4/5A/2D/96/4B/A5 clip control on; see Section 8.4.2 0xD4 0x6A/35/9A/4D/A6/53/A9 gain = 3 dB (VDDP = 2.5 V); see Section 8.4.3 0xD8 0x6C/36/1B/8D/C6/63/B1 gain = +3 dB (VDDP = 5.0 V); see Section 8.4.3 0xE1 0xF0/78/3C/1E/0F/87/C3 slope low (EMC); see Section 8.4.4 0xE2 0x71/B8/5C/2E/17/8B/C5 Dynamic Power Stage Activation (DPSA) off; see Section 8.4.5 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 7 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier Table 7. Silence patterns …continued Byte Related bytes[1] Control settings 0xE4 0x72/39/9C/4E/27/93/C9 bandwidth extension on (fs = 32 kHz or fclk = 64fs); see Section 8.4.6 0xAA 0x55 defaults; no mute, reset settings to default 0x66[2] 0x33/99/CC Mute mode (no setting); see Section 8.4.7 0xAC[2] 0x56/2B/95/CA/65/B2/59 Power-down mode; see Section 8.4.8 [1] The related bytes are the bytes from the first column phase shifted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 bits. [2] A silence pattern containing this byte will be recognized once the TFA9881 has powered up. Table 8. Silence pattern recognition Bytes 1 to 32 .................... 33 ................................. 127, 128 129 Mute mode (outputs floating) control setting activated 8.4.2 Clip control TFA9881 clip control is off by default. Clip control can be turned on via silence pattern 0xD2 (see Section 8.4.1). The TFA9881 clips smoothly with clip control on. Output power is at maximum with clip control off. 8.4.3 Gain selection Signal conversion from digital audio in to PWM modulated audio out is independent of supply voltages VDDP and VDDD. At the default gain setting (0 dB), the audio output signal level is just below the clipping point at a supply voltage of 3.6 V at 6 dBFS (peak) input. The TFA9881 supports two further gain settings to support full output power at VDDP = 2.5 V and VDDP = 5.0 V. The gain settings can be selected via silence patterns 0xD4 and 0xD8 (see Section 8.4.1). Table 9 details the corresponding peak output voltage level at 6 dBFS for the three gain settings. Table 9. Output voltage All parameters are guaranteed for VTEST = VDDP = 3.6 V; VDDD = 1.8 V; LL = 20 H[1], fclk = 6.144 MHz, Tamb = 25 C unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions VoM peak output voltage at 6 dBFS (peak) digital input [1] Min Typ Max Unit gain = 3 dB, VDDP = 2.5 V, RL = 4  [1] - 2.3 - V gain = 0 dB, VDDP = 3.6 V, RL = 4 ; default [1] - 3.3 - V gain = +3 dB, VDDP = 5.0 V, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H [1] - 4.7 - V RL = load resistance; LL = load inductance. 8.4.4 PWM slope selection The rise and fall times of the PWM output edges can be set to one of two values, as detailed in Table 10. The default setting is ‘slope normal’ (10 ns with VDDP = 3.6 V). ‘Slope low’ is selected via silence pattern 0xE1 (see Section 8.4.1). This function is implemented to reduce Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI). TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 8 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier Table 10. Slope rise and fall times Setting Rise and fall times of the PWM output edges slope low 40 ns with VDDP = 3.6 V slope normal; default setting 10 ns with VDDP = 3.6 V 8.4.5 Dynamic Power Stage Activation (DPSA) The TFA9881 uses DPSA to regulate current consumption in line with the level of the incoming audio stream. This function switches off power stage sections that are not needed, reducing current consumption. Each of the TFA9881 H-bridge power stages is divided into eight sections. The number of power stage sections activated depends on the level of the incoming audio stream. The thresholds used by the DPSA to determine how many stages are switched on are given in Table 11. The DPSA signal is used as a reference signal for switching power stage sections on and off. The DPSA signal will rise in tandem with the rectified audio input signal. When the rectified audio input signal falls, the DPSA decreases with a negative exponential function, as illustrated in Figure 7. The DPSA function can be switched off via silence pattern 0xE2. When DPSA is off, all power stage sections are activated in Operating mode. Table 11. DPSA input levels Setting Number of power stage sections active  0.035  full scale (29 dBFS) 1 > 0.035  full scale (29 dBFS) 2 > 0.07  full scale (23 dBFS) 4 > 0.105  full scale (19.5 dBFS) 8 DPSA signal 0.105 × full scale 0.07 × full scale 0.035 × full scale 1 section 8 sections 4 sections 2 sections 010aaa713 Fig 7. Dynamic Power Stage Activation 8.4.6 Bandwidth extension The TFA9881 output spectrum has a sigma-delta converter characteristic. Figure 8 illustrates the output power spectrum of the TFA9881 when it is receiving a PDM input stream without audio content and with bandwidth extension off. The quantization noise is shaped above the band of interest. The band of interest (bandwidth) is determined by the TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 9 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier corner frequency where the noise is increasing. The bandwidth in Figure 8 scales with the clock input frequency. This bandwidth can be extended via the bandwidth extension silence pattern (0xE4; see Section 8.4.1). The PWM switching frequency also scales with the bandwidth extension setting. The bandwidth and the PWM switching frequency when bandwidth extension is on and off are given in Table 12. Remark: The Bandwidth extension should be switched off when fclk > 4.1 MHz. Table 12. Bandwidth extension setting Setting Bandwidth Switching frequency bandwidth extension on f clk -------128 f clk -------8 bandwidth extension off; default setting f clk -------256 f clk -------16 010aaa709 −40 output (dBFS) −80 −120 −160 10 102 103 104 105 106 f (Hz) Fig 8. Output power spectrum, fclk = 6.144 MHz 8.4.7 Mute Mute mode is activated when the mute silence pattern (at least 32 consecutive 0x66 bytes) is applied on the DATA input. The TFA9881 remains in Mute mode as long as the 0x66 pattern is repeated. It will return to Operating mode when a pattern other than 0x66 is received. Transitions to and from Mute mode occur as soon as the relevant pattern is recognized by the TFA9881 (hard mute and hard unmute). 8.4.8 Power-down Power-down mode is activated when the power-down silence pattern (at least 128 consecutive 0xAC bytes) is applied on the DATA input. The TFA9881 remains in Power-down mode as long as the 0xAC pattern is repeated. It will return to Operating mode when a pattern other than 0xAC is received. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 10 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 8.5 High-pass filter The high-pass filter will block the DC components in the incoming audio stream. The cut-off frequency, fhigh(3dB), is determined by the clock frequency, and is defined in Equation 1: – f clk  ln  8191  8192  f high  –3dB  = ----------------------------------------------------16  k   (1) where k depends on the bandwidth extension setting (see Section 8.4.6): • k = 2 if bandwidth extension is off • k = 1 if bandwidth extension is on fhigh(3dB) is about 7.5 Hz at a clock frequency of 6.144 MHz when bandwidth extension is off. The high-pass filter is always enabled. Remark: Care should be taken when DC dither is applied to the PDM audio input stream. The PDM source should slowly increase this DC-dither to avoid pop noise. 8.6 Protection mechanisms The following protection circuits are included in the TFA9881: • • • • • Invalid Data Protection (IDP) OverTemperature Protection (OTP) OverVoltage Protection (OVP) UnderVoltage Protection (UVP) OverCurrent Protection (OCP) The reaction of the device to fault conditions differs depending on the protection circuit involved. 8.6.1 Invalid Data Protection (IDP) IDP is designed to detect the absence of a data input signal. IDP is activated when 128 consecutive 0s or 1s are received on the DATA input. IDP is disabled when a PDM stream that does not contain 128 consecutive 0s or 1s is received. The output stages are set floating when IDP is active. Remark: The maximum PDM input modulation depth should be limited to avoid false IDP triggering. 8.6.2 OverTemperature Protection (OTP) OTP prevents heat damage to the TFA9881. It is triggered when the junction temperature exceeds 130 °C. When this happens, the output stages are set floating. OTP is cleared automatically via an internal timer (100 ms with fclk = 6.144 MHz), after which the output stages will start to operate normally again. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 11 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 8.6.3 Supply voltage protection mechanisms (UVP and OVP) UVP is activated, setting the outputs floating, if VDDP drops below the undervoltage protection threshold, VP(uvp). This transition will be silent, without pop noise. When the supply voltage rises above VP(uvp) again, the system will be restarted after 100 ms with fclk = 6.144 MHz. OVP is activated, setting the power stages floating, if the supply voltage rises above the overvoltage protection threshold, VP(ovp). The power stages are re-enabled as soon as the supply voltage drops below VP(ovp) again. The system will be restarted after 100 ms with fclk = 6.144 MHz. Note that a supply voltage > 5.5 V may damage the TFA9881. 8.6.4 OverCurrent Protection (OCP) OCP will detect a short circuit across the load or between one of the amplifier outputs and one of the supply lines. If the output current exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold (IO(ocp)), it will be limited to IO(ocp) while the amplifier outputs are switching (the amplifier is not powered down completely). This is called current limiting. The amplifier can distinguish between an impedance drop at the loudspeaker and a low-ohmic short circuit across the load or to one of the supply lines. The impedance threshold depends on which supply voltage is being used: • In the event of a short circuit across the load or a short to one of the supply lines, the audio amplifier is switched off completely. It will try to restart again after approximately 100 ms with fclk = 6.144 MHz. If the short-circuit condition is still present after this time, this cycle will be repeated. Average dissipation will be low because of the short duty cycle. • In the event of an impedance drop (e.g. due to dynamic behavior of the loudspeaker), the same protection mechanism will be activated. The maximum output current is again limited to IO(ocp), but the amplifier will not switch off completely (thus preventing audio holes from occurring). This will result in a clipped output signal without artifacts. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 12 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 9. Internal circuitry Table 13. Internal circuitry Pin Symbol A1 DATA C1 CLK Equivalent circuit A1, C1 ESD B3 010aaa714 B1 VDDD B2 VDDP B1, B2 ESD B3 010aaa715 A2 LRSEL C2 TEST B2 A2, C2 ESD B3 010aaa716 A3 OUTB C3 OUTA B2 A3, C3 B3 010aaa717 TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 13 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 10. Limiting values Table 14. Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit 0.3 +5.5 V VDDP power supply voltage on pin VDDP VDDD digital supply voltage on pin VDDD 0.3 +1.95 V Tj junction temperature - +150 C Tstg storage temperature 55 +150 C Tamb ambient temperature 40 +85 C Vx voltage on pin x pins CLK and DATA 0.3 +3.6 V pins OUTA and OUTB 0.6 VDDP + 0.6 V 0.6 VDDP V pins OUTA and OUTB 8 +8 kV any other pin 2 +2 kV according to the Charge Device Model (CDM) [1] 500 +500 V according to the Machine Model (MM) [1] 200 +200 V pins TEST and LRSEL VESD [1] electrostatic discharge voltage according to the Human Body Model (HBM) [1] Measurements taken on the TFA9881 in a HVSON10 package (engineering samples) due to handling restrictions with WLCSP9. 11. Thermal characteristics Table 15. Thermal characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Rth(j-a) thermal resistance from junction to ambient in free air; natural convection JEDEC test board [1] 2-layer application board j-top thermal characterization parameter from junction to top of package [1] Measured on a JEDEC high K-factor test board (standard EIA/JESD 51-7). [2] Value depends on where measurement is taken on package. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 [2] Typ Unit 128 K/W 97 K/W 12 K/W © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 14 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 12. Characteristics 12.1 DC characteristics Table 16. DC characteristics All parameters are guaranteed for VTEST = VDDP = 3.6 V; VDDD = 1.8 V; RL = 4 [1]; LL = 20 H[1]; fi = 1 kHz; fclk = 6.144 MHz; Tamb = 25 C; default settings, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VDDP power supply voltage on pin VDDP 2.5 - 5.5 V VDDD digital supply voltage on pin VDDD 1.65 1.8 1.95 V IDDP power supply current Operating mode with load - - 1.5 1.7 mA fclk = 2.048 MHz bandwidth extension on - 1.38 - mA 1.1 1.2 mA - 0.1 1 A - - 1.35 1.5 mA fclk = 2.048 MHz bandwidth extension on - 0.83 - mA - - 1.25 1.4 mA fclk = 2.048 MHz bandwidth extension on - 0.78 - mA Power-down mode CLK = 0 V, DATA = 0 V - 2 8 A DPSA off - 125 150 m absolute value - - 3 mV Mute mode Power-down mode IDDD digital supply current Operating mode Mute mode Series resistance output power switches RDSon drain-source on-state resistance Amplifier output pins; pins OUTA and OUTB VO(offset) output offset voltage DATA, CLK and LRSEL VIH HIGH-level input voltage 0.7VDDD - 3.6 V VIL LOW-level input voltage - - 0.3VDDD V Ci input capacitance - - 3 pF Protection Tact(th_prot) thermal protection activation temperature 130 - 150 C VP(ovp) overvoltage protection supply voltage 5.5 - 6.0 V VP(uvp) undervoltage protection supply voltage 2.3 - 2.5 V IO(ocp) overcurrent protection output current 1.45 - - A [1] RL = load resistance; LL = load inductance. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 15 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 12.2 AC characteristics Table 17. AC characteristics All parameters are guaranteed for VTEST = VDDP = 3.6 V; VDDD = 1.8 V; RL = 4 [1]; LL = 20 H[1]; fi = 1 kHz; fclk = 6.144 MHz; Tamb = 25 C; default settings, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VDDP = 3.6 V, fi = 100 Hz - 1.4 - W VDDP = 5.0 V, fi = 100 Hz - 2.7 - W VDDP = 3.6 V, fi = 100 Hz - 0.75 - W VDDP = 5.0 V, fi = 100 Hz - 1.45 - W Output power Po(RMS) RMS output power THD + N = 1 % THD + N = 1 %; RL = 8 ; LL = 44 H THD + N = 10 % VDDP = 3.6 V, fi = 100 Hz - 1.75 - W VDDP = 5.0 V, fi = 100 Hz - 3.4 - W VDDP = 3.6 V, fi = 100 Hz - 0.95 - W VDDP = 5.0 V, fi = 100 Hz - 1.85 - W - 90 - % - 0.02 0.1 % THD + N = 10 %; RL = 8 ; LL = 44 H Performance po output power efficiency THD+N total harmonic distortion-plus-noise Po(RMS) = 100 mW Po(RMS) = 1.4 W Vn(o) output noise voltage A-weighted - 24 - V S/N signal-to-noise ratio VDDP = 5 V; Vo = 3.4 V (RMS); A-weighted - 103 - dB PSRR power supply rejection ratio Vripple = 200 mV; fripple = 217 Hz - 85 - dB VoM peak output voltage At 6 dBFS (peak) digital input gain = 3 dB; VDDP = 3.6 V RL = 4 ; LL = 20 H - 2.3 - V gain = 0 dB; VDDP = 3.6 V RL = 4 ; LL = 20 H 3.1 3.3 3.5 V gain = +3 dB; VDDP = 5.0 V RL = 8 ; LL = 44 H - 4.7 - V Power-up, power-down and propagation times turn-on delay time [2] - - 2 ms td(off) turn-off delay time [2] - - 5 s tPD propagation delay [2] - - 55 s td(on) [1] RL = load resistance; LL = load inductance. [2] Inversely proportional to fclk. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 16 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 12.3 PDM timing characteristics Table 18. PDM timing characteristics All parameters are guaranteed for VTEST = VDDP = 3.6 V; VDDD = 1.8 V; RL = 4 [1]; LL = 20 H[1]; fi = 1 kHz; fclk = 6.144 MHz; Tamb = 25 C; default settings, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit fclk clock frequency 2 - 8 MHz clk clock duty cycle 40 - 60 % th hold time after clock HIGH 7 - - ns after clock LOW 7 - - ns after clock HIGH 10 - - ns after clock LOW 10 - - ns set-up time tsu [1] RL = load resistance; LL = load inductance. CLK tsu(CLKH) tsu(CLKL) th(CLKH) th(CLKL) DATA 010aaa711 Fig 9. TFA9881 Product data sheet PDM timing All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 17 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 13. Application information 13.1 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) EMC standards define to what degree a (sub)system is susceptible to externally imposed electromagnetic influences and to what degree a (sub)system is responsible for emitting electromagnetic signals, when in Standby mode or Operating mode. EMC immunity and emission values are normally measured over a frequency range from 180 kHz up to 3 GHz. 13.1.1 Immunity A major reason why amplifier devices pick up high frequency signals, and (after detection) manifest these in the device's audio band, is the presence of analog circuits inside the device or in the (sub)system. The TFA9881 has digital inputs and digital outputs. Comparative tests on a TFA9881-based (sub)system show that the impact of externally imposed electromagnetic signals on the device is negligible in both Standby and Operating modes. 13.1.2 Emissions Since the TFA9881 is a class-D amplifier with digitally switched outputs in a BTL configuration, it can potentially generate emissions due to the steep edges on the amplifier outputs. External components can be used to suppress these emissions. However, the TFA9881 features built-in slope control to suppress such emissions by reducing the slew rate of the BTL output signals. By reducing the slew rate, the emissions are reduced by 10 dB when compared with full-speed operation. 13.2 Supply decoupling and filtering A ceramic decoupling capacitor of between 4.7 F and 10 F should be placed close to the TFA9881 for decoupling the VDDP supply. This minimizes the size of the high-frequency current loop, thereby optimizing EMC performance. The TEST bump can be used to route the VDDP bump connection (without using a PCB via). TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 18 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 13.3 Typical application diagram (simplified) DATA CLK 1.8 V VDDD A2 VDDP TEST LRSEL battery C2 B2 A1 C1 C3 OUTA left speaker 4 Ω or 8 Ω TFA9881UK B1 A3 OUTB B3 BASEBAND PROCESSOR CVDDP 4.7 μF GND CVDDD 100 nF battery DATA CLK 1.8 V VDDD A2 VDDP TEST LRSEL PDM output C2 B2 A1 C1 C3 OUTA right speaker 4 Ω or 8 Ω TFA9881UK B1 A3 OUTB B3 GND CVDDD 100 nF CVDDP 4.7 μF 010aaa712 Fig 10. Typical stereo application (simplified) TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 19 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 13.4 Curves measured in reference design (demonstration board) All measurements were taken with VDDD = 1.8 V, fclk = 6.144 MHz, clip control off, DPSA off and slope normal, unless otherwise specified. 001aam634 102 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) 10 10 1 1 10−1 001aam636 102 10−1 (1) (1) (3) 10−2 10−2 (2) (2) (3) 10−3 10−3 10−2 10−1 1 10 10−3 10−3 10−2 10−1 1 Po (W) 10 Po (W) (1) fi = 6 kHz. (1) fi = 6 kHz. (2) fi = 1 kHz. (2) fi = 1 kHz. (3) fi = 100 Hz. (3) fi = 100 Hz. a. VDDP = 3.6 V, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H b. VDDP = 5 V, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H 001aam633 102 001aam635 102 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) 10 10 1 1 (1) 10−1 10−1 (1) (3) 10−3 10−3 (3) (2) 10−2 10−2 10−2 10−1 1 10 10−3 10−3 (2) 10−2 Po (W) 1 10 Po (W) (1) fi = 6 kHz. (1) fi = 6 kHz. (2) fi = 1 kHz. (2) fi = 1 kHz. (3) fi = 100 Hz. (3) fi = 100 Hz. c. VDDP = 3.6 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H 10−1 d. VDDP = 5 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H Fig 11. THD+N as a function of output power TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 20 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 001aam638 10 001aam640 10 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) 1 1 10−1 10−1 (1) 10−2 (1) 10−2 (2) 10−3 10 102 103 104 105 (2) 10−3 10 102 103 104 105 fi (Hz) fi (Hz) (1) Po = 500 mW. (1) Po = 500 mW. (2) Po = 100 mW. (2) Po = 100 mW. a. VDDP = 3.6 V, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H b. VDDP = 5 V, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H 001aam637 10 001aam639 10 THD+N (%) THD+N (%) 1 1 10−1 10−1 (1) (1) (2) 10−2 10−3 10 102 (2) 10−2 103 104 105 10−3 10 102 103 104 fi (Hz) (1) Po = 1 W. (1) Po = 1 W. (2) Po = 100 mW. (2) Po = 100 mW. c. VDDP = 3.6 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H 105 fi (Hz) d. VDDP = 5 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H Fig 12. THD+N as a function of frequency TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 21 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 001aam641 10 001aam642 10 THD+N+IMD (%) THD+N+IMD (%) 1 1 10−1 10−1 (4) (4) (3) (2) (1) 10−2 10−3 10 102 103 104 (3) (2) (1) 10−2 105 10−3 10 102 103 fi (Hz) 104 105 fi (Hz) (1) Vripple = 0 V (fripple = 0 Hz). (1) Vripple = 0 V (fripple = 0 Hz). (2) fripple = 217 Hz. (2) fripple = 217 Hz. (3) fripple = 1 kHz. (3) fripple = 1 kHz. (4) fripple = 6 kHz. (4) fripple = 6 kHz. a. VDDP = 3.6 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H, Po = 100 mW Vripple = 200 mV (RMS) b. VDDP = 5 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H, Po = 100 mW Vripple = 200 mV (RMS) Fig 13. THD+N + power supply intermodulation distortion as a function of frequency 001aam643 1.0 001aam644 −10 PSRR (dB) G (dB) −30 0.5 −50 0 −70 (1) −0.5 −1.0 −90 10 102 103 104 105 −110 (2) 10 102 fi (Hz) VDDP = 3.6 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H, Po = 500 mW. 103 104 105 fripple (Hz) (1) VDDP = 3.6 V. (2) VDDP = 5 V. RL = 4 , LL = 20 H, Vripple = 200 mV (RMS). Fig 14. Normalized gain as a function of frequency TFA9881 Product data sheet Fig 15. PSRR as a function of ripple frequency All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 22 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 001aam632 110 S/N ratio (dB) 90 (1) 70 (2) 50 30 10 10−3 10−2 10−1 1 10 Po (W) (1) A-weighted. (2) 20 kHz brickwall filter. VDDP = 5 V, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H, reference signal: 3.4 V (RMS). Fig 16. S/N ratio as a function of output power 001aam649 5 Po (W) Po (W) (1) 4 001aam650 4 (1) 3 (2) (2) 3 2 (3) 2 (3) (4) (4) 1 1 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 VDDP (V) 5 6 VDDP (V) (1) THD+N = 10 %, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H. (1) THD+N = 10 %, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H. (2) THD+N = 1 %, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H. (2) THD+N = 1 %, RL = 4 , LL = 20 H. (3) THD+N = 10 %, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H. (3) THD+N = 10 %, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H. (4) THD+N = 1 %, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H. (4) THD+N = 1 %, RL = 8 , LL = 44 H. a. fi = 100 Hz, clip control off b. fi = 100 Hz, clip control on Fig 17. Output power as a function of supply voltage TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 23 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 001aam647 0.15 001aam645 0.4 P (W) P (W) (2) (2) 0.3 0.10 0.2 (1) (1) 0.05 0.1 0 10−3 10−2 10−1 1 0 10−3 10 10−2 10−1 1 10 Po (W) Po (W) (1) VDDP = 3.6 V. (1) VDDP = 3.6 V. (2) VDDP = 5 V. (2) VDDP = 5 V. a. RL = 8, LL = 44 H, fi = 1 kHz, DPSA on b. RL = 4, LL = 20 H, fi = 1 kHz, DPSA on Fig 18. Power dissipation as a function of output power 001aam648 100 (1) η (%) 001aam646 100 (2) 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 (2) (1) η (%) 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 Po (W) 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Po (W) (1) VDDP = 3.6 V. (1) VDDP = 3.6 V. (2) VDDP = 5 V. (2) VDDP = 5 V. a. RL = 8, LL = 44 H, fi = 1 kHz, DPSA on b. RL = 4, LL = 20 H, fi = 1 kHz, DPSA on Fig 19. Efficiency as a function of output power TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 24 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 14. Package outline WLCSP9: wafer level chip-size package; 9 bumps; 1.27 x 1.31 x 0.6 mm (Backside Coating included) A E TFA9881 B ball A1 index area A2 A D A1 detail X e1 C C A B C Øv Øw b e y y1 C C e e2 B A ball A1 index area 1 2 3 X 0 2 mm scale Dimensions (mm are the original dimensions) Unit mm max nom min A 0.6 A1 A2 b D E 0.22 0.38 0.28 1.30 1.34 0.20 0.36 0.26 1.27 1.31 0.18 0.34 0.24 1.24 1.28 e e1 e2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.015 0.04 0.02 v w y wlcsp9_tfa9881_po Outline version References IEC JEDEC JEITA European projection Issue date 13-04-05 13-04-09 TFA9881 Fig 20. Package outline TFA9881 (WLCSP9) TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 25 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 15. Soldering of WLCSP packages 15.1 Introduction to soldering WLCSP packages This text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering WLCSP (Wafer Level Chip-Size Packages) can be found in application note AN10439 “Wafer Level Chip Scale Package” and in application note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. Wave soldering is not suitable for this package. All NXP WLCSP packages are lead-free. 15.2 Board mounting Board mounting of a WLCSP requires several steps: 1. Solder paste printing on the PCB 2. Component placement with a pick and place machine 3. The reflow soldering itself 15.3 Reflow soldering Key characteristics in reflow soldering are: • Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 21) than a PbSn process, thus reducing the process window • Solder paste printing issues, such as smearing, release, and adjusting the process window for a mix of large and small components on one board • Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is heated to the peak temperature), and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste characteristic) while being low enough that the packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with Table 19. Table 19. Lead-free process (from J-STD-020D) Package thickness (mm) Package reflow temperature (C) Volume (mm3) < 350 350 to 2000 > 2000 < 1.6 260 260 260 1.6 to 2.5 260 250 245 > 2.5 250 245 245 Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all times. Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow soldering, see Figure 21. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 26 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier maximum peak temperature = MSL limit, damage level temperature minimum peak temperature = minimum soldering temperature peak temperature time 001aac844 MSL: Moisture Sensitivity Level Fig 21. Temperature profiles for large and small components For further information on temperature profiles, refer to application note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 15.3.1 Stand off The stand off between the substrate and the chip is determined by: • The amount of printed solder on the substrate • The size of the solder land on the substrate • The bump height on the chip The higher the stand off, the better the stresses are released due to TEC (Thermal Expansion Coefficient) differences between substrate and chip. 15.3.2 Quality of solder joint A flip-chip joint is considered to be a good joint when the entire solder land has been wetted by the solder from the bump. The surface of the joint should be smooth and the shape symmetrical. The soldered joints on a chip should be uniform. Voids in the bumps after reflow can occur during the reflow process in bumps with high ratio of bump diameter to bump height, i.e. low bumps with large diameter. No failures have been found to be related to these voids. Solder joint inspection after reflow can be done with X-ray to monitor defects such as bridging, open circuits and voids. 15.3.3 Rework In general, rework is not recommended. By rework we mean the process of removing the chip from the substrate and replacing it with a new chip. If a chip is removed from the substrate, most solder balls of the chip will be damaged. In that case it is recommended not to re-use the chip again. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 27 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier Device removal can be done when the substrate is heated until it is certain that all solder joints are molten. The chip can then be carefully removed from the substrate without damaging the tracks and solder lands on the substrate. Removing the device must be done using plastic tweezers, because metal tweezers can damage the silicon. The surface of the substrate should be carefully cleaned and all solder and flux residues and/or underfill removed. When a new chip is placed on the substrate, use the flux process instead of solder on the solder lands. Apply flux on the bumps at the chip side as well as on the solder pads on the substrate. Place and align the new chip while viewing with a microscope. To reflow the solder, use the solder profile shown in application note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 15.3.4 Cleaning Cleaning can be done after reflow soldering. TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 28 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 16. Revision history Table 20. Revision history Document ID Release date Data sheet status TFA9881 v.3 20130423 Product data sheet Modifications: TFA9881 v.2 Modifications: TFA9881 v.1 TFA9881 Product data sheet • Supersedes TFA9881 v.2 Update package outline 20110401 • • Change notice Product data sheet TFA9881 v.1 Data sheet status changed to ‘Product data sheet’ Table 16: parameter values changed - VP(ovp) 20110105 Preliminary data sheet - All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 - © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 29 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 17. Legal information 17.1 Data sheet status Document status[1][2] Product status[3] Definition Objective [short] data sheet Development This document contains data from the objective specification for product development. Preliminary [short] data sheet Qualification This document contains data from the preliminary specification. Product [short] data sheet Production This document contains the product specification. [1] Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. [2] The term ‘short data sheet’ is explained in section “Definitions”. [3] The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com. 17.2 Definitions Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Short data sheet — A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail. Product specification — The information and data provided in a Product data sheet shall define the specification of the product as agreed between NXP Semiconductors and its customer, unless NXP Semiconductors and customer have explicitly agreed otherwise in writing. In no event however, shall an agreement be valid in which the NXP Semiconductors product is deemed to offer functions and qualities beyond those described in the Product data sheet. 17.3 Disclaimers Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. NXP Semiconductors takes no responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an information source outside of NXP Semiconductors. In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental, punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of contract or any other legal theory. Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors. Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. TFA9881 Product data sheet Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications and products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their applications and products. NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default, damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the customer’s applications or products, or the application or use by customer’s third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary testing for the customer’s applications and products using NXP Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and the products or of the application or use by customer’s third party customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect. Limiting values — Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) will cause permanent damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and (proper) operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the Recommended operating conditions section (if present) or the Characteristics sections of this document is not warranted. Constant or repeated exposure to limiting values will permanently and irreversibly affect the quality and reliability of the device. Terms and conditions of commercial sale — NXP Semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, unless otherwise agreed in a valid written individual agreement. In case an individual agreement is concluded only the terms and conditions of the respective agreement shall apply. NXP Semiconductors hereby expressly objects to applying the customer’s general terms and conditions with regard to the purchase of NXP Semiconductors products by customer. No offer to sell or license — Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 30 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior authorization from competent authorities. Quick reference data — The Quick reference data is an extract of the product data given in the Limiting values and Characteristics sections of this document, and as such is not complete, exhaustive or legally binding. Non-automotive qualified products — Unless this data sheet expressly states that this specific NXP Semiconductors product is automotive qualified, the product is not suitable for automotive use. It is neither qualified nor tested in accordance with automotive testing or application requirements. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of non-automotive qualified products in automotive equipment or applications. In the event that customer uses the product for design-in and use in automotive applications to automotive specifications and standards, customer (a) shall use the product without NXP Semiconductors’ warranty of the product for such automotive applications, use and specifications, and (b) whenever customer uses the product for automotive applications beyond NXP Semiconductors’ specifications such use shall be solely at customer’s own risk, and (c) customer fully indemnifies NXP Semiconductors for any liability, damages or failed product claims resulting from customer design and use of the product for automotive applications beyond NXP Semiconductors’ standard warranty and NXP Semiconductors’ product specifications. 17.4 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 18. Contact information For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com TFA9881 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 3 — 23 April 2013 © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. 31 of 32 TFA9881 NXP Semiconductors 3.4 W PDM input class-D audio amplifier 19. Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.1 7.2 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 8.4.6 8.4.7 8.4.8 8.5 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.6.4 9 10 11 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 13 13.1 13.1.1 13.1.2 13.2 13.3 13.4 14 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Quick reference data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Mode selection and interfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Digital stereo PDM audio input . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Power up/down sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Control settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Silence pattern recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Clip control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Gain selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 PWM slope selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Dynamic Power Stage Activation (DPSA). . . . . 9 Bandwidth extension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Mute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Power-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 High-pass filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Protection mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Invalid Data Protection (IDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 OverTemperature Protection (OTP) . . . . . . . . 11 Supply voltage protection mechanisms (UVP and OVP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 OverCurrent Protection (OCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Internal circuitry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 DC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 AC characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 PDM timing characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Application information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . 18 Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Supply decoupling and filtering. . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Typical application diagram (simplified) . . . . . 19 Curves measured in reference design (demonstration board) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.3.1 15.3.2 15.3.3 15.3.4 16 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 18 19 Soldering of WLCSP packages . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction to soldering WLCSP packages . Board mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stand off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality of solder joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 32 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’. © NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved. For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com Date of release: 23 April 2013 Document identifier: TFA9881