Revised October 2003
74VHC4046
CMOS Phase Lock Loop
General Description
The VHC4046 is a low power phase lock loop utilizing
advanced silicon-gate CMOS technology to obtain high frequency operation both in the phase comparator and VCO
sections. This device contains a low power linear voltage
controlled oscillator (VCO), a source follower, and three
phase comparators. The three phase comparators have a
common signal input and a common comparator input. The
signal input has a self biasing amplifier allowing signals to
be either capacitively coupled to the phase comparators
with a small signal or directly coupled with standard input
logic levels. This device is similar to the CD4046 except
that the Zener diode of the metal gate CMOS device has
been replaced with a third phase comparator.
ing the loop out of lock, but is less likely to lock onto harmonics than the other two comparators.
In a typical application any one of the three comparators
feed an external filter network which in turn feeds the VCO
input. This input is a very high impedance CMOS input
which also drives the source follower. The VCO’s operating
frequency is set by three external components connected
to the C1A, C1B, R1 and R2 pins. An inhibit pin is provided
to disable the VCO and the source follower, providing a
method of putting the IC in a low power state.
The source follower is a MOS transistor whose gate is connected to the VCO input and whose drain connects the
Demodulator output. This output normally is used by tying
a resistor from pin 10 to ground, and provides a means of
looking at the VCO input without loading down modifying
the characteristics of the PLL filter.
Phase Comparator I is an exclusive OR (XOR) gate. It provides a digital error signal that maintains a 90 phase shift
between the VCO’s center frequency and the input signal
(50% duty cycle input waveforms). This phase detector is
more susceptible to locking onto harmonics of the input frequency than phase comparator I, but provides better noise
rejection.
Features
Phase comparator III is an SR flip-flop gate. It can be used
to provide the phase comparator functions and is similar to
the first comparator in performance.
■ Fast comparator response time (VCC = 4.5V)
Phase comparator II is an edge sensitive digital sequential
network. Two signal outputs are provided, a comparator
output and a phase pulse output. The comparator output is
a 3-STATE output that provides a signal that locks the VCO
output signal to the input signal with 0 phase shift between
them. This comparator is more susceptible to noise throw-
■ Low dynamic power consumption:
■ Maximum VCO operating frequency:
(VCC = 4.5V)
12 MHz
(VCC = 4.5V)
Comparator I:
25 ns
Comparator II:
30 ns
Comparator III:
25 ns
■ VCO has high linearity and high temperature stability
■ Pin and function compatible with the 74HC4046
Ordering Code:
Order Number
74VHC4046M
74VHC4046MTC
74VHC4046N
Package Number
M16A
MTC16
N16E
Package Description
16-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
16-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP), JEDEC MO-153, 4.4mm Wide
16-Lead Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (PDIP), JEDEC MS-001, 0.300" Wide
Surface mount packages are also available on Tape and Reel. Specify by appending the suffix letter “X” to the ordering code.
© 2003 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
DS011675
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74VHC4046 CMOS Phase Lock Loop
April 1994
74VHC4046
Connection Diagram
Block Diagram
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2
Recommended Operating
Conditions
(Note 2)
Supply Voltage (VCC)
−0.5 to + 7.0V
DC Input Voltage (VIN)
−1.5 to VCC +1.5V
DC Output Voltage (VOUT)
−0.5 to VCC + 0.5V
Clamp Diode Current (IIK, IOK)
±20 mA
DC Output Current per pin (IOUT)
±25 mA
Max
Units
2
6
V
DC Input or Output Voltage
0
VCC
V
−40
+85
°C
VCC = 2.0V
1000
ns
VCC = 4.5V
500
ns
VCC = 6.0V
400
ns
(VIN, VOUT)
Operating Temperature Range (TA)
DC VCC or GND Current,
Input Rise or Fall Times
±50 mA
per pin (ICC)
Storage Temperature Range (TSTG)
Min
Supply Voltage (VCC)
(tr, tf)
−65°C +150°C
Power Dissipation (PD)
(Note 3)
600 mW
S.O. Package only
500 mW
Note 1: Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the
device may occur.
Note 2: Unless otherwise specified all voltages are referenced to ground.
Lead Temperature (TL)
DC Electrical Characteristics
Symbol
VIH
VIL
Parameter
Note 3: Power Dissipation temperature derating — plastic “N” package: −
12 mW/°C from 65°C to 85°C.
260°C
(Soldering 10 seconds)
(Note 4)
VCC
Conditions
TA=−40 to 85°C
Guaranteed Limits
Units
Minimum HIGH Level
2.0V
1.5
1.5
V
Input Voltage
4.5V
3.15
3.15
V
6.0V
4.2
4.2
V
2.0V
0.5
0.5
V
4.5V
1.35
1.35
V
6.0V
1.8
1.8
V
Maximum LOW Level
Input Voltage
VOH
TA=25°C
Typ
Minimum HIGH Level
VIN = VIH or VIL
2.0V
2.0
1.9
1.9
V
Output Voltage
|IOUT| ≤ 20 µA
4.5V
4.5
4.4
4.4
V
6.0V
6.0
5.9
5.9
V
VIN = VIH or VIL
VOL
|IOUT| ≤ 4.0 mA
4.5V
4.2
3.98
3.84
V
|IOUT| ≤ 5.2 mA
6.0V
5.7
5.48
5.34
V
Maximum LOW Level
VIN = VIH or VIL
2.0V
0
0.1
0.1
V
Output Voltage
|IOUT| ≤ 20 µA
4.5V
0
0.1
0.1
V
6.0V
0
0.1
0.1
V
|IOUT| ≤ 4.0 mA
4.5V
0.2
0.26
0.33
V
|IOUT| ≤ 5.2 mA
6.0V
0.2
0.26
0.33
V
±0.1
±1.0
µA
VIN = VIH or VIL
IIN
Maximum Input Current (Pins 3,5,9) VIN = VCC or GND
IIN
Maximum Input Current (Pin 14)
VIN = VCC or GND
6.0V
IOZ
Maximum 3-STATE Output
VOUT = VCC or GND
6.0V
Maximum Quiescent Supply
VIN = VCC or GND
6.0V
Current
IOUT = 0 µA
6.0V
6.0V
50
80
µA
±0.25
±2.5
µA
30
40
65
µA
600
750
1200
µA
20
Leakage Current (Pin 13)
ICC
VIN = V CC or GND
Pin 14 Open
Note 4: For a power supply of 5V ±10% the worst case output voltages (VOH, and VOL) occur for VHC at 4.5V. Thus the 4.5V values should be used when
designing with this supply. Worst case VIH and VIL occur at VCC = 5.5V and 4.5V respectively. (The VIH value at 5.5V is 3.85V.) The worst case leakage current (IIN, ICC, and IOZ) occur for CMOS at the higher voltage and so the 6.0V values should be used.
3
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74VHC4046
Absolute Maximum Ratings(Note 1)
74VHC4046
AC Electrical Characteristics VCC = 2.0 to 6.0V, CL = 50 pF, tr = tf = 6 ns (unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
tr, tf
CIN
Parameters
VCC
Conditions
TA=25C
Typ
TA=−40 to 85°C
Guaranteed Limits
Units
AC Coupled
C (series) = 100 pF
2.0V
25
100
150
mV
Input Sensitivity,
fIN = 500 kHz
4.5V
50
150
200
mV
Signal In
6.0V
135
250
300
mV
Maximum Output
2.0V
30
75
95
ns
Rise and Fall Time
4.5V
9
15
19
ns
6.0V
8
12
15
Maximum Input
7
ns
pF
Capacitance
Phase Comparator I
tPHL, tPLH
Maximum Propagation
3.3V
65
117
146
Delay
4.5V
25
40
50
ns
ns
6.0V
20
34
43
ns
Maximum 3-STATE
3.3V
75
130
160
ns
Enable Time
4.5V
25
45
56
ns
6.0V
22
38
48
ns
Maximum 3-STATE
3.3V
88
140
175
ns
Enable Time
4.5V
30
48
60
ns
6.0V
25
41
51
ns
Maximum 3-STATE
3.3V
90
140
175
ns
Disable Time
4.5V
32
48
60
ns
6.0V
28
41
51
ns
Maximum Propagation
3.3V
100
146
180
ns
Delay HIGH-to-LOW
4.5V
34
50
63
ns
to Phase Pulses
6.0V
27
43
53
ns
Maximum Propagation
3.3V
75
117
146
ns
Delay
4.5V
25
40
50
ns
6.0V
22
34
43
ns
Phase Comparator II
tPZL
tPZH, tPHZ
tPLZ
tPHL, tPLH
Phase Comparator III
tPHL, tPLH
CPD
Maximum Power
All Comparators
Dissipation
VIN = V CC and GND
130
pF
Capacitance
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (Specified to operate from VCC = 3.0V to 6.0V)
fMAX
Maximum
C1 = 50 pF
Operating
R1 = 100Ω
4.5V
7
4.5
MHz
Frequency
R2 = ∞
6.0V
11
7
MHz
VCOin = VCC
C1 = 0 pF
4.5V
12
MHz
R1 = 100Ω
6.0
14
MHz
50
%
VCOin = VCC
Duty Cycle
Demodulator Output
Rs = 20 kΩ
4.5V
Offset
Rs = 20 kΩ
4.5V
Variation
VCOin = 1.75V
0.65
2.25V
0.1
2.75V
0.75
Offset Voltage
0.75
1.3
1.5
V
VCOin –Vdem
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4
V
Typical Center Frequency
vs R1, C1 VCC = 4.5V
Typical Center Frequency
vs R1, C1 VCC = 6V
Typical Offset Frequency
vs R2, C1 VCC = 4.5V
Typical Offset Frequency
vs R2, C1 VCC = 6V
5
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74VHC4046
Typical Performance Characteristics
74VHC4046
Typical Performance Characteristics
(Continued)
VHC4046 Typical VCO Power Dissipation
@ Center Frequency vs R1
VHC4046 VCOIN vs fOUT
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VHC4046 Typical VCO Power
Dissipation @ fMIN vs R2
VCC = 4.5V
VHC4046 VCOIN vs fOUT VCC = 4.5V
6
(Continued)
VHC4046 VCOOUT vs
Temperature VCC = 4.5V
VHC4046 VCOOUT vs
Temperature VCC = 6V
VHC4046 Typical Source Follower
Power Dissipation vs RS
Typical fMAX/fMIN vs R2/R1
VCC = 4.5V & 6V fMAX/fMIN
7
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74VHC4046
Typical Performance Characteristics
74VHC4046
Typical Performance Characteristics
(Continued)
VHC4046 Typical VCO Linearity vs R1 & C1
VHC4046 Typical VCO Linearity vs R1 & C1
VCO WITHOUT OFFSET
R2 = ∞
VCO WITH OFFSET
Comparator I
R2=∞
Comparator II & III
R2≠∞
R2=∞
R2≠∞
–Given: fO
–Given: fO and fL
–Given: fMAX
–Given: fMIN and fMAX
–Use fO with curve titled
–Calculate fMIN from the
–Calculate fO from the
–Use fMIN with curve titled
equation fMIN = fO − fL
equation fO = fMAX/2
–Use fMIN with curve titled
–Use fO with curve titled
center frequency vs R1, C
to determine R1 and C1
offset frequency vs R2, C
center frequency vs R1, C
–Calculate fMAX/fMIN
to determine R2 and C1
to determine R1 and C1
–Use fMAX/fMIN with curve
–Calculate fMAX/fMIN from
titled fMAX/fMIN vs R2/R1
the equation fMAX/fMIN =
to determine ratio R2/R1
fO + fL/fO − fL
to obtain R1
–Use fMAX/fMIN with curve
titled fMAX/fMIN vs R2/R1
to determine ratio R2/R1
to obtain R1
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offset frequency vs R2,
C to determine R2 and C1
8
VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR/SOURCE
FOLLOWER
performance curves) R2 can be used to set the offset frequency with 0V at VCO input. If R2 is omitted the VCO
range is from 0Hz. As R2 is decreased the offset frequency
is increased. The effect of R2 is shown in the design information table and typical performance curves. By increasing
the value of R2 the lock range of the PLL is offset above
0Hz and the gain (Hz/Volt) does not change. In general,
when offset is desired, R2 and C1 should be chosen first,
and then R1 should be chosen to obtain the proper center
frequency.
The VCO requires two or three external components to
operate. These are R1, R2, C1. Resistor R1 and capacitor
C1 are selected to determine the center frequency of the
VCO. R1 controls the lock range. As R1’s resistance
decreases the range of fMIN to fMAX increases. Thus the
VCO’s gain increases. As C1 is changed the offset (if used)
of R2, and the center frequency is changed. (See typical
FIGURE 1. Logic Diagram for VCO
Internally the resistors set a current in a current mirror as
shown in Figure 1. The mirrored current drives one side of
the capacitor once the capacitor charges up to the threshold of the Schmitt Trigger the oscillator logic flips the
capacitor over and causes the mirror to charge the opposite side of the capacitor. The output from the internal logic
is then taken to pin 4.
The output of the VCO is a standard high speed CMOS
output with an equivalent LSTTL fanout of 10. The VCO
output is approximately a square wave. This output can
either directly feed the comparator input of the phase comparators or feed external prescalers (counters) to enable
frequency synthesis.
The input to the VCO is a very high impedance CMOS
input and so it will not load down the loop filter, easing the
filters design. In order to make signals at the VCO input
accessible without degrading the loop performance a
source follower transistor is provided. This transistor can
be used by connecting a resistor to ground and its drain
output will follow the VCO input signal.
PHASE COMPARATORS
All three phase comparators share two inputs, Signal In
and Comparator In. The Signal In has a special DC bias
network that enables AC coupling of input signals. If the
signals are not AC coupled then this input requires logic
levels the same as standard 74VHC. The Comparator input
is a standard digital input. Both input structures are shown
in Figure 2.
An inhibit signal is provided to allow disabling of the VCO
and the source follower. This is useful if the internal VCO is
not being used. A logic high on inhibit disables the VCO
and source follower.
The outputs of these comparators are essentially standard
74VHC voltage outputs. (Comparator II is 3-STATE.)
9
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74VHC4046
Detailed Circuit Description
74VHC4046
Detailed Circuit Description
(Continued)
FIGURE 2. Logic Diagram for Phase Comparator I and the Common Input Circuit for All Three Comparators
FIGURE 3. Typical Phase Comparator I. Waveforms
Thus in normal operation VCC and ground voltage levels
are fed to the loop filter. This differs from some phase
detectors which supply a current output to the loop filter
and this should be considered in the design. (The CD4046
also provides a voltage.)
quency is fMAX then the VCO input must be VCC and the
phase detector inputs must be 180° out of phase.
The XOR is more susceptible to locking onto harmonics of
the signal input than the digital phase detector II. This can
be seen by noticing that a signal 2 times the VCO frequency results in the same output duty cycle as a signal
equal the VCO frequency. The difference is that the output
frequency of the 2f example is twice that of the other example. The loop filter and the VCO range should be designed
to prevent locking on to harmonics.
Figure 4 shows the state tables for all three comparators.
PHASE COMPARATOR I
This comparator is a simple XOR gate similar to the
74HC86, and its operation is similar to an overdriven balanced modulator. To maximize lock range the input frequencies must have a 50% duty cycle. Typical input and
output waveforms are shown in Figure 3. The output of the
phase detector feeds the loop filter which averages the output voltage. The frequency range upon which the PLL will
lock onto if initially out of lock is defined as the capture
range. The capture range for phase detector I is dependent
on the loop filter employed. The capture range can be as
large as the lock range which is equal to the VCO frequency range.
PHASE COMPARATOR II
This detector is a digital memory network. It consists of four
flip-flops and some gating logic, a three state output and a
phase pulse output as shown in Figure 5. This comparator
acts only on the positive edges of the input signals and is
thus independent of signal duty cycle.
Phase comparator II operates in such a way as to force the
PLL into lock with 0 phase difference between the VCO
output and the signal input positive waveform edges. Figure 6 shows some typical loop waveforms. First assume
that the signal input phase is leading the comparator input.
This means that the VCO’s frequency must be increased to
bring its leading edge into proper phase alignment. Thus
the phase detector II output is set HIGH. This will cause the
loop filter to charge up the VCO input increasing the VCO
frequency. Once the leading edge of the comparator input
is detected the output goes 3-STATE holding the VCO
input at the loop filter voltage. If the VCO still lags the signal then the phase detector will again charge up to VCO
input for the time between the leading edges of both waveforms.
To see how the detector operates refer to Figure 3. When
two square wave inputs are applied to this comparator, an
output waveform whose duty cycle is dependent on the
phase difference between the two signals results. As the
phase difference increases the output duty cycle increases
and the voltage after the loop filter increases. Thus in order
to achieve lock, when the PLL input frequency increases
the VCO input voltage must increase and the phase difference between comparator in and signal in will increase. At
an input frequency equal fMIN, the VCO input is at 0V and
this requires the phase detector output to be ground hence
the two input signals must be in phase. When the input fre-
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10
74VHC4046
Detailed Circuit Description
(Continued)
Phase Comparator State Diagrams
FIGURE 4. PLL State Tables
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74VHC4046
Detailed Circuit Description
(Continued)
FIGURE 5. Logic Diagram for Phase Comparator II
FIGURE 6. Typical Phase Comparator II Output Waveforms
As one can see when the PLL is locked the output of phase
comparator II will be almost always 3-STATE except for
minor corrections at the leading edge of the waveforms.
When the detector is 3-STATE the phase pulse output is
HIGH. This output can be used to determine when the PLL
is in the locked condition.
If the VCO leads the signal then when the leading edge of
the VCO is seen the output of the phase comparator goes
LOW. This discharges the loop filter until the leading edge
of the signal is detected at which time the output 3-STATEs
itself again. This has the effect of slowing down the VCO to
again make the rising edges of both waveform coincident.
This detector has several interesting characteristics. Over
the entire VCO frequency range there is no phase difference between the comparator input and the signal input.
The lock range of the PLL is the same as the capture
range. Minimal power is consumed in the loop filter since in
lock the detector output is a high impedance. Also when no
signal is present the detector will see only VCO leading
edges, and so the comparator output will stay low forcing
the VCO to fMIN operating frequency.
When the PLL is out of lock the VCO will be running either
slower or faster than the signal input. If it is running slower
the phase detector will see more signal rising edges and so
the output of the phase comparator will be high a majority
of the time, raising the VCO’s frequency. Conversely, if the
VCO is running faster than the signal the output of the
detector will be low most of the time and the VCO’s output
frequency will be decreased.
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12
(Continued)
how this detector works assume input pulses are applied to
the signal and comparator inputs as shown in Figure 8.
When the signal input leads the comparator input the flop is
set. This will charge up the loop filter and cause the VCO to
speed up, bringing the comparator into phase with the signal input. When using short pulses as input this comparator
behaves very similar to the second comparator. But one
can see that if the signal input is a long pulse, the output of
the comparator will be forced to a one no matter how many
comparator input pulses are received. Also if the VCO input
is a square wave (as it is) and the signal input is pulse then
the VCO will force the comparator output LOW much of the
time. Therefore it is ideal to condition the signal and comparator input to short pulses. This is most easily done by
using a series capacitor.
Phase comparator II is more susceptible to noise causing
the phase lock loop to unlock. If a noise pulse is seen on
the signal input, the comparator treats it as another positive
edge of the signal and will cause the output to go HIGH
until the VCO leading edge is seen, potentially for a whole
signal input period. This would cause the VCO to speed up
during that time. When using the phase comparator I the
output of that phase detector would be disturbed for only
the short duration of the noise spike and would cause less
upset.
PHASE COMPARATOR III
This comparator is a simple S-R Flip-Flop which can function as a phase comparator Figure 7. It has some similar
characteristics to the edge sensitive comparator. To see
FIGURE 7. Phase Comparator III Logic Diagram
FIGURE 8. Typical Waveforms for Phase Comparator III
13
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74VHC4046
Detailed Circuit Description
74VHC4046
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
16-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
Package Number M16A
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14
74VHC4046
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
16-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP), JEDEC MO-153, 4.4mm Wide
Package Number MTC16
15
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74VHC4046 CMOS Phase Lock Loop
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
16-Lead Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (PDIP), JEDEC MS-001, 0.300" Wide
Package Number N16E
Fairchild does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and
Fairchild reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
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DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
2. A critical component in any component of a life support
device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support
device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems
which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the
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user.
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