PCF8576T

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SHEET PCF8576 Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates Product specification Supersedes data of 1998 Feb 06 File under Integrated Circuits, IC12 2001 Oct 02 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION ORDERING INFORMATION BLOCK DIAGRAM PINNING FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Power-on reset LCD bias generator LCD voltage selector LCD drive mode waveforms Oscillator Internal clock External clock Timing Display latch Shift register Segment outputs Backplane outputs Display RAM Data pointer Subaddress counter Output bank selector Input bank selector Blinker CHARACTERISTICS OF THE I2C-BUS Bit transfer (see Fig.12) START and STOP conditions (see Fig.13) System configuration (see Fig.14) Acknowledge (see Fig.15) PCF8576 I2C-bus controller Input filters I2C-bus protocol Command decoder Display controller Cascaded operation 8 9 10 11 11.1 11.2 12 12.1 13 14 15 16 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 18 19 20 21 LIMITING VALUES HANDLING DC CHARACTERISTICS AC CHARACTERISTICS PCF8576 Typical supply current characteristics Typical characteristics of LCD outputs APPLICATION INFORMATION Chip-on-glass cascadability in single plane BONDING PAD INFORMATION TRAY INFORMATION: PCF8576U TRAY INFORMATION: PCF8576U/2 PACKAGE OUTLINES SOLDERING Introduction to soldering surface mount packages Reflow soldering Wave soldering Manual soldering Suitability of surface mount IC packages for wave and reflow soldering methods DATA SHEET STATUS DEFINITIONS DISCLAIMERS PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS 2001 Oct 02 2 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 1 FEATURES PCF8576 • Single-chip LCD controller/driver • Selectable backplane drive configuration: static or 2/3/4 backplane multiplexing • Selectable display bias configuration: static, 1⁄2 or 1⁄3 • Internal LCD bias generation with voltage-follower buffers • 40 segment drives: up to twenty 8-segment numeric characters; up to ten 15-segment alphanumeric characters; or any graphics of up to 160 elements • 40 × 4-bit RAM for display data storage • Auto-incremented display data loading across device subaddress boundaries • Display memory bank switching in static and duplex drive modes • Versatile blinking modes • LCD and logic supplies may be separated • Wide power supply range: from 2 V for low-threshold LCDs and up to 9 V for guest-host LCDs and high-threshold (automobile) twisted nematic LCDs • Low power consumption • Power-saving mode for extremely low power consumption in battery-operated and telephone applications • I2C-bus interface • TTL/CMOS compatible • Compatible with any 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit microprocessors/microcontrollers • May be cascaded for large LCD applications (up to 2560 segments possible) • Cascadable with 24-segment LCD driver PCF8566 • Optimized pinning for plane wiring in both single and multiple PCF8576 applications • Space-saving 56-lead plastic very small outline package (VSO56) • Very low external component count (at most one resistor, even in multiple device applications) • Compatible with chip-on-glass technology • Manufactured in silicon gate CMOS process. 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The PCF8576 is a peripheral device which interfaces to almost any Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with low multiplex rates. It generates the drive signals for any static or multiplexed LCD containing up to four backplanes and up to 40 segments and can easily be cascaded for larger LCD applications. The PCF8576 is compatible with most microprocessors/microcontrollers and communicates via a two-line bidirectional I2C-bus. Communication overheads are minimized by a display RAM with auto-incremented addressing, by hardware subaddressing and by display memory switching (static and duplex drive modes). 3 ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE TYPE NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION plastic very small outline package; 56 leads chip in tray chip with bumps in tray unsawn wafer chip on film frame carrier (FFC) chip with bumps on film frame carrier (FFC) VERSION SOT190-1 − − − − − PCF8576T PCF8576U PCF8576U/2 PCF8576U/5 PCF8576U/10 PCF8576U/12 VSO56 − − − FFC FFC 2001 Oct 02 3 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... 2001 Oct 02 BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 13 VDD 5 R 14 15 16 S0 to S39 40 17 to 56 DISPLAY SEGMENT OUTPUTS BACKPLANE OUTPUTS R LCD VOLTAGE SELECTOR DISPLAY LATCH R VLCD 12 4 CLK SYNC 3 TIMING BLINKER DISPLAY CONTROLLER OSC 6 OSCILLATOR POWERON RESET COMMAND DECODER INPUT FILTERS I 2C - BUS CONTROLLER 10 SA0 handbook, full pagewidth 4 Philips Semiconductors Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates BLOCK DIAGRAM LCD BIAS GENERATOR SHIFT REGISTER PCF8576 INPUT BANK SELECTOR DISPLAY RAM 40 x 4 BITS OUTPUT BANK SELECTOR 4 V SS SCL SDA DATA POINTER 11 2 1 SUBADDRESS COUNTER 7 A0 8 A1 9 Product specification A2 MBK276 PCF8576 Fig.1 Block diagram (for VSO56 package; SOT190-1). Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 5 PINNING SYMBOL SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD OSC A0 to A2 SA0 VSS VLCD BP0, BP2, BP1 and BP3 S0 to S39 PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 to 9 10 11 12 13 to 16 17 to 56 I2C-bus I2C-bus serial clock input cascade synchronization input/output external clock input/output supply voltage oscillator input I2C-bus subaddress inputs I2C-bus slave address input; bit 0 logic ground LCD supply voltage LCD backplane outputs LCD segment outputs DESCRIPTION serial data input/output PCF8576 2001 Oct 02 5 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 handbook, halfpage SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD OSC A0 A1 A2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 56 S39 55 S38 54 S37 53 S36 52 S35 51 S34 50 S33 49 S32 48 S31 47 S30 46 S29 45 S28 44 S27 43 S26 SA0 10 VSS 11 VLCD 12 BP0 13 BP2 14 PCF8576T BP1 15 BP3 16 S0 17 S1 18 S2 19 S3 20 S4 21 S5 22 S6 23 S7 24 S8 25 S9 26 S10 27 S11 28 MBK278 42 S25 41 S24 40 S23 39 S22 38 S21 37 S20 36 S19 35 S18 34 S17 33 S16 32 S15 31 S14 30 S13 29 S12 Fig.2 Pin configuration; SOT190-1. 2001 Oct 02 6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION PCF8576 The PCF8576 is a versatile peripheral device designed to interface to any microprocessor/microcontroller to a wide variety of LCDs. It can directly drive any static or multiplexed LCD containing up to four backplanes and up to 40 segments. The display configurations possible with the PCF8576 depend on the number of active backplane outputs required; a selection of display configurations is given in Table . All of the display configurations given in Table can be implemented in the typical system shown in Fig.3. Selection of display configurations NUMBER OF BACKPLANES 4 3 2 1 SEGMENTS 160 120 80 40 The host microprocessor/microcontroller maintains the 2-line I2C-bus communication channel with the PCF8576. The internal oscillator is selected by connecting pin OSC to pin VSS. The appropriate biasing voltages for the multiplexed LCD waveforms are generated internally. The only other connections required to complete the system are to the power supplies (VDD, VSS and VLCD) and the LCD panel chosen for the application. 7-SEGMENTS NUMERIC DIGITS 20 15 10 5 INDICATOR SYMBOLS 20 15 10 5 14-SEGMENTS ALPHANUMERIC DOT MATRIX CHARACTERS 10 8 5 2 INDICATOR SYMBOLS 20 8 10 12 160 dots (4 × 40) 120 dots (3 × 40) 80 dots (2 × 40) 40 dots (1 × 40) handbook, full pagewidth V DD R tr 2CB 5 SDA SCL OSC V DD 1 2 6 7 ROSC A0 8 A1 9 V 12 LCD LCD PANEL (up to 160 elements) HOST MICROPROCESSOR/ MICROCONTROLLER 17 to 56 40 segment drives PCF8576 13 to 16 10 11 A2 SA0 V SS 4 backplanes MBK277 V SS Fig.3 Typical system configuration. 2001 Oct 02 7 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.1 Power-on reset 6.3 LCD voltage selector PCF8576 At power-on the PCF8576 resets to a starting condition as follows: 1. All backplane outputs are set to VDD. 2. All segment outputs are set to VDD. 3. The drive mode ‘1 : 4 multiplex with 1⁄3bias’ is selected. 4. Blinking is switched off. 5. Input and output bank selectors are reset (as defined in Table 4). 6. The I2C-bus interface is initialized. 7. The data pointer and the subaddress counter are cleared. Data transfers on the I2C-bus should be avoided for 1 ms following power-on to allow completion of the reset action. 6.2 LCD bias generator The LCD voltage selector co-ordinates the multiplexing of the LCD in accordance with the selected LCD drive configuration. The operation of the voltage selector is controlled by MODE SET commands from the command decoder. The biasing configurations that apply to the preferred modes of operation, together with the biasing characteristics as functions of Vop = VDD − VLCD and the resulting discrimination ratios (D), are given in Table 1. A practical value for Vop is determined by equating Voff(rms) with a defined LCD threshold voltage (Vth), typically when the LCD exhibits approximately 10% contrast. In the static drive mode a suitable choice is Vop > 3Vth approximately. Multiplex drive ratios of 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 with 1⁄2bias are possible but the discrimination and hence the contrast ratios are smaller ( 3 = 1.732 for 1 : 3 multiplex or The full-scale LCD voltage (Vop) is obtained from VDD − VLCD. The LCD voltage may be temperature compensated externally through the VLCD supply to pin 12. Fractional LCD biasing voltages are obtained from an internal voltage divider of the three series resistors connected between VDD and VLCD. The centre resistor can be switched out of the circuit to provide a 1⁄2bias voltage level for the 1 : 2 multiplex configuration. 21 ---------- = 1.528 for 1 : 4 multiplex). 3 The advantage of these modes is a reduction of the LCD full-scale voltage Vop as follows: • 1 : 3 multiplex (1⁄2bias): Vop = 6 × V off 〈 rms〉 = 2.449 Voff(rms) • 1 : 4 multiplex (1⁄2bias): Vop = (4 × 3) --------------------3 = 2.309 Voff(rms) These compare with Vop = 3 Voff(rms) when 1⁄3bias is used. Table 1 Preferred LCD drive modes: summary of characteristics NUMBER OF LCD DRIVE MODE BACKPLANES static 1:2 1:2 1:3 1:4 1 2 2 3 4 LEVELS 2 3 4 4 4 LCD BIAS CONFIGURATION static 1⁄ 2 1⁄ 3 1⁄ 3 1⁄ 3 V off(rms) -------------------V op 0 0.354 0.333 0.333 0.333 V on(rms) -------------------V op 1 0.791 0.745 0.638 0.577 V on(rms) D = -------------------V off(rms) ∞ 2.236 2.236 1.915 1.732 2001 Oct 02 8 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.4 LCD drive mode waveforms PCF8576 The static LCD drive mode is used when a single backplane is provided in the LCD. Backplane and segment drive waveforms for this mode are shown in Fig.4. When two backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1 : 2 multiplex mode applies. The PCF8576 allows use of 1⁄ bias or 1⁄ bias in this mode as shown in Figs 5 and 6. 2 3 When three backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode applies, as shown in Fig.7. When four backplanes are provided in the LCD, the 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode applies, as shown in Fig.8. T frame V DD BP0 V LCD V DD Sn V LCD VDD Sn 1 V LCD V op (a) waveforms at driver state 1 (on) state 2 (off) LCD segments state 1 0 Vop V op state 2 0 Vop (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE539 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = V op V state2(t) = V S V off(rms) = 0 V n+1 (t) – V BP0(t) Fig.4 Static drive mode waveforms (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 2001 Oct 02 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 T frame VDD BP0 (VDD V LCD VDD BP1 (VDD V LCD VDD Sn V LCD VDD Sn 1 V LCD (a) waveforms at driver Vop V op /2 state 1 0 V op /2 Vop Vop V op /2 state 2 0 V op /2 Vop (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE540 LCD segments V LCD )/2 state 1 state 2 V LCD )/2 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.791V op V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.354V op Fig.5 Waveforms for the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode with 1⁄2bias (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 2001 Oct 02 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 T frame VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD (a) waveforms at driver Vop 2Vop /3 state 1 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2Vop /3 Vop Vop 2Vop /3 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2Vop /3 Vop LCD segments BP0 state 1 state 2 BP1 Sn Sn 1 state 2 (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE541 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.745V op V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.333V op Fig.6 Waveforms for the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode with 1⁄3bias (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 2001 Oct 02 11 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 T frame VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD (a) waveforms at driver Vop 2V op /3 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2V op /3 Vop Vop 2V op /3 Vop /3 0 Vop /3 2V op /3 Vop (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment LCD segments BP0 state 1 state 2 BP1 BP2/S23 Sn Sn 1 Sn 2 state 1 state 2 MBE542 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.638V op V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.333V op Fig.7 Waveforms for the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 2001 Oct 02 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 T frame VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD VDD V DD Vop /3 VDD 2Vop /3 VLCD (a) waveforms at driver Vop 2Vop /3 V op /3 0 V op /3 2Vop /3 Vop Vop 2Vop /3 V op /3 0 V op /3 2Vop /3 Vop LCD segments BP0 state 1 state 2 BP1 BP2 BP3 Sn Sn 1 Sn 2 Sn 3 state 1 state 2 V state1(t) = V S (t) – V BP0(t) n V on(rms) = 0.577V op (b) resultant waveforms at LCD segment MBE543 V state2(t) = V S (t) – V BP1(t) n V off(rms) = 0.333V op Fig.8 Waveforms for the 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode (Vop = VDD − VLCD). 2001 Oct 02 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.5 6.5.1 Oscillator INTERNAL CLOCK 6.6 Timing PCF8576 The internal logic and the LCD drive signals of the PCF8576 are timed either by the internal oscillator or from an external clock. When the internal oscillator is used, pin OSC should be connected to pin VSS. In this event, the output from pin CLK provides the clock signal for cascaded PCF8566s in the system. Where resistor Rosc to VSS is present, the internal oscillator is selected. The relationship between the oscillator frequency on pin CLK (fclk) and Rosc is shown in Fig.9. The timing of the PCF8576 organizes the internal data flow of the device. This includes the transfer of display data from the display RAM to the display segment outputs. In cascaded applications, the synchronization signal SYNC maintains the correct timing relationship between the PCF8576s in the system. The timing also generates the LCD frame frequency which it derives as an integer multiple of the clock frequency (see Table 2). The frame frequency is set by the MODE SET commands when internal clock is used, or by the frequency applied to pin CLK when external clock is used. The ratio between the clock frequency and the LCD frame frequency depends on the mode in which the device is operating. In the power-saving mode the reduction ratio is six times smaller; this allows the clock frequency to be reduced by a factor of six. The reduced clock frequency results in a significant reduction in power dissipation. The lower clock frequency has the disadvantage of increasing the response time when large amounts of display data are transmitted on the I2C-bus. When a device is unable to digest a display data byte before the next one arrives, it holds the SCL line LOW until the first display data byte is stored. This slows down the transmission rate of the I2C-bus but no data loss occurs. Table 2 LCD frame frequencies FRAME FREQUENCY f clk -----------2880 f clk --------480 NOMINAL FRAME FREQUENCY (Hz) 64 64 10 3 f clk (kHz) MBE531 102 max min 10 10 2 103 R osc (kΩ) 10 4 PCF8576 MODE  3.4 × 10 7 f clk ≈  ----------------------- ( kHz )  R osc  Normal mode Power-saving mode Fig.9 Oscillator frequency as a function of Rosc. 6.5.2 EXTERNAL CLOCK 6.7 Display latch The condition for external clock is made by connecting pin OSC to pin VDD; pin CLK then becomes the external clock input. The clock frequency (fclk) determines the LCD frame frequency and the maximum rate for data reception from the I2C-bus. To allow I2C-bus transmissions at their maximum data rate of 100 kHz, fclk should be chosen to be above 125 kHz. A clock signal must always be supplied to the device; removing the clock may freeze the LCD in a DC state. The display latch holds the display data while the corresponding multiplex signals are generated. There is a one-to-one relationship between the data in the display latch, the LCD segment outputs and one column of the display RAM. 6.8 Shift register The shift register serves to transfer display information from the display RAM to the display latch while previous data is displayed. 2001 Oct 02 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.9 Segment outputs PCF8576 The LCD drive section includes 40 segment outputs pins S0 to S39 which should be connected directly to the LCD. The segment output signals are generated in accordance with the multiplexed backplane signals and with data resident in the display latch. When less than 40 segment outputs are required the unused segment outputs should be left open-circuit. 6.10 Backplane outputs correspondence between the RAM addresses and the segment outputs, and between the individual bits of a RAM word and the backplane outputs. The first RAM column corresponds to the 40 segments operated with respect to backplane BP0 (see Fig.10). In multiplexed LCD applications the segment data of the second, third and fourth column of the display RAM are time-multiplexed with BP1, BP2 and BP3 respectively. When display data is transmitted to the PCF8576 the display bytes received are stored in the display RAM in accordance with the selected LCD drive mode. To illustrate the filling order, an example of a 7-segment numeric display showing all drive modes is given in Fig.11; the RAM filling organization depicted applies equally to other LCD types. With reference to Fig.11, in the static drive mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in bit 0 of eight successive display RAM addresses. In the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in bits 0 and 1 of four successive display RAM addresses. In the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode these bits are placed in bits 0, 1 and 2 of three successive addresses, with bit 2 of the third address left unchanged. This last bit may, if necessary, be controlled by an additional transfer to this address but care should be taken to avoid overriding adjacent data because full bytes are always transmitted. In the 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in bits 0, 1, 2 and 3 of two successive display RAM addresses. The LCD drive section includes four backplane outputs BP0 to BP3 which should be connected directly to the LCD. The backplane output signals are generated in accordance with the selected LCD drive mode. If less than four backplane outputs are required the unused outputs can be left open-circuit. In the 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode BP3 carries the same signal as BP1, therefore these two adjacent outputs can be connected together to give enhanced drive capabilities. In the 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode BP0 and BP2, BP1 and BP3 respectively carry the same signals and may also be paired to increase the drive capabilities. In the static drive mode the same signal is carried by all four backplane outputs and they can be connected in parallel for very high drive requirements. 6.11 Display RAM The display RAM is a static 40 × 4-bit RAM which stores LCD data. A logic 1 in the RAM bit-map indicates the on state of the corresponding LCD segment; similarly, a logic 0 indicates the off state. There is a one-to-one display RAM addresses (rows) / segment outputs (S) 0 0 display RAM bits 1 (columns) / backplane outputs 2 (BP) 3 MBE525 1 2 3 4 35 36 37 38 39 Fig.10 Display RAM bit-map showing direct relationship between display RAM addresses and segment outputs, and between bits in a RAM word and backplane outputs. 2001 Oct 02 15 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.12 Data pointer 6.14 Output bank selector PCF8576 The addressing mechanism for the display RAM is realized using the data pointer. This allows the loading of an individual display data byte, or a series of display data bytes, into any location of the display RAM. The sequence commences with the initialization of the data pointer by the LOAD DATA POINTER command. Following this, an arriving data byte is stored starting at the display RAM address indicated by the data pointer thereby observing the filling order shown in Fig.11. The data pointer is automatically incremented in accordance with the chosen LCD configuration. That is, after each byte is stored, the contents of the data pointer are incremented by eight (static drive mode), by four (1 : 2 multiplex drive mode) or by two (1 : 4 multiplex drive mode). 6.13 Subaddress counter This selects one of the four bits per display RAM address for transfer to the display latch. The actual bit chosen depends on the particular LCD drive mode in operation and on the instant in the multiplex sequence. In 1 : 4 multiplex, all RAM addresses of bit 0 are the first to be selected, these are followed by the contents of bit 1, bit 2 and then bit 3. Similarly in 1 : 3 multiplex, bits 0, 1 and 2 are selected sequentially. In 1 : 2 multiplex, bits 0 and 1 are selected and, in the static mode, bit 0 is selected. The PCF8576 includes a RAM bank switching feature in the static and 1 : 2 multiplex drive modes. In the static drive mode, the BANK SELECT command may request the contents of bit 2 to be selected for display instead of bit 0 contents. In the 1 : 2 drive mode, the contents of bits 2 and 3 may be selected instead of bits 0 and 1. This gives the provision for preparing display information in an alternative bank and to be able to switch to it once it is assembled. 6.15 Input bank selector The storage of display data is conditioned by the contents of the subaddress counter. Storage is allowed to take place only when the contents of the subaddress counter agree with the hardware subaddress applied to A0, A1 and A2. The subaddress counter value is defined by the DEVICE SELECT command. If the contents of the subaddress counter and the hardware subaddress do not agree then data storage is inhibited but the data pointer is incremented as if data storage had taken place. The subaddress counter is also incremented when the data pointer overflows. The storage arrangements described lead to extremely efficient data loading in cascaded applications. When a series of display bytes are sent to the display RAM, automatic wrap-over to the next PCF8576 occurs when the last RAM address is exceeded. Subaddressing across device boundaries is successful even if the change to the next device in the cascade occurs within a transmitted character (such as during the 14th display data byte transmitted in 1 : 3 multiplex mode). The input bank selector loads display data into the display RAM in accordance with the selected LCD drive configuration. Display data can be loaded in bit 2 in static drive mode or in bits 2 and 3 in 1 : 2 drive mode by using the BANK SELECT command. The input bank selector functions independent of the output bank selector. 2001 Oct 02 16 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 6.16 Blinker PCF8576 The display blinking capabilities of the PCF8576 are very versatile. The whole display can be blinked at frequencies selected by the BLINK command. The blinking frequencies are integer multiples of the clock frequency; the ratios between the clock and blinking frequencies depend on the mode in which the device is operating, as shown in Table 3. An additional feature is for an arbitrary selection of LCD segments to be blinked. This applies to the static and 1 : 2 LCD drive modes and can be implemented without any communication overheads. By means of the output Table 3 Blinking frequencies NORMAL OPERATING MODE RATIO − f clk --------------92160 f clk ------------------184320 f clk ------------------368640 bank selector, the displayed RAM banks are exchanged with alternate RAM banks at the blinking frequency. This mode can also be specified by the BLINK command. In the 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 multiplex modes, where no alternate RAM bank is available, groups of LCD segments can be blinked by selectively changing the display RAM data at fixed time intervals. If the entire display is to be blinked at a frequency other than the nominal blinking frequency, this can be effectively performed by resetting and setting the display enable bit E at the required rate using the MODE SET command. BLINKING MODE Off 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz POWER-SAVING MODE RATIO − f clk --------------15360 f clk --------------30720 f clk --------------61440 NOMINAL BLINKING FREQUENCY blinking off 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 2001 Oct 02 17 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... 2001 Oct 02 18 1:3 multiplex 1:4 multiplex Sn 1 Philips Semiconductors Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates drive mode LCD segments a f g e d Sn 6 c b Sn Sn Sn 7 DP 1 LCD backplanes display RAM filling order transmitted display byte Sn Sn Sn 2 3 4 5 BP0 n bit/ BP 0 1 2 3 c x x x n1 b x x x n2 a x x x n3 f x x x n4 g x x x n5 e x x x n6 d x x x n7 MSB DP x x x cbaf LSB g e d DP static Sn Sn BP0 a f g b n bit/ BP BP1 c n1 f g x x n2 e c x x n3 d DP x x MSB abf LSB g e c d DP 1:2 Sn 1 multiplex Sn Sn Sn Sn 2 3 e d DP 0 1 2 3 a b x x 1 2 f a b g e d c DP Sn BP0 n bit/ BP BP1 BP2 n1 a d g x n2 f e x x MSB b DP c a d g f LSB e 0 1 2 3 b DP c x Sn f a b g e d c DP BP1 BP3 BP0 BP2 n bit/ BP 0 1 2 3 a c b DP n1 f e g d MSB a c b DP f LSB egd Product specification handbook, full pagewidth MBK389 PCF8576 x = data bit unchanged. Fig.11 Relationships between LCD layout, drive mode, display RAM filling order and display data transmitted over the I2C-bus. Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE I2C-BUS 7.5 PCF8576 I2C-bus controller PCF8576 The I2C-bus is for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). Both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages of a device. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. 7.1 Bit transfer (see Fig.12) The PCF8576 acts as an I2C-bus slave receiver. It does not initiate I2C-bus transfers or transmit data to an I2C-bus master receiver. The only data output from the PCF8576 are the acknowledge signals of the selected devices. Device selection depends on the I2C-bus slave address, on the transferred command data and on the hardware subaddress. In single device application, the hardware subaddress inputs A0, A1 and A2 are normally connected to VSS which defines the hardware subaddress 0. In multiple device applications A0, A1 and A2 are connected to VSS or VDD in accordance with a binary coding scheme such that no two devices with a common I2C-bus slave address have the same hardware subaddress. In the power-saving mode it is possible that the PCF8576 is not able to keep up with the highest transmission rates when large amounts of display data are transmitted. If this situation occurs, the PCF8576 forces the SCL line to LOW until its internal operations are completed. This is known as the ‘clock synchronization feature’ of the I2C-bus and serves to slow down fast transmitters. Data loss does not occur. 7.6 Input filters One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as a control signal. 7.2 START and STOP conditions (see Fig.13) Both data and clock lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. A HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line, while the clock is HIGH is defined as the START condition (S). A LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the STOP condition (P). 7.3 System configuration (see Fig.14) A device generating a message is a ‘transmitter’, a device receiving a message is the ‘receiver’. The device that controls the message is the ‘master’ and the devices which are controlled by the master are the ‘slaves’. 7.4 Acknowledge (see Fig.15) To enhance noise immunity in electrically adverse environments, RC low-pass filters are provided on the SDA and SCL lines. 7.7 I2C-bus protocol The number of data bytes transferred between the START and STOP conditions from transmitter to receiver is unlimited. Each byte of eight bits is followed by an acknowledge bit. The acknowledge bit is a HIGH level signal put on the bus by the transmitter during which time the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. A slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. Also a master receiver must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. The device that acknowledges must pull-down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse (set-up and hold times must be taken into consideration). A master receiver must signal an end of data to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this event the transmitter must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate a STOP condition. Two I2C-bus slave addresses (0111000 and 0111001) are reserved for the PCF8576. The least significant bit of the slave address that a PCF8576 will respond to is defined by the level connected at its input pin SA0. Therefore, two types of PCF8576 can be distinguished on the same I2C-bus which allows: • Up to 16 PCF8576s on the same I2C-bus for very large LCD applications • The use of two types of LCD multiplex on the same I2C-bus. The I2C-bus protocol is shown in Fig.16. The sequence is initiated with a START condition (S) from the I2C-bus master which is followed by one of the two PCF8576 slave addresses available. All PCF8576s with the corresponding SA0 level acknowledge in parallel with the slave address but all PCF8576s with the alternative SA0 level ignore the whole I2C-bus transfer. 2001 Oct 02 19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates After acknowledgement, one or more command bytes (m) follow which define the status of the addressed PCF8576s. The last command byte is tagged with a cleared most significant bit, the continuation bit C. The command bytes are also acknowledged by all addressed PCF8576s on the bus. After the last command byte, a series of display data bytes (n) may follow. These display bytes are stored in the display RAM at the address specified by the data pointer and the subaddress counter. Both data pointer and subaddress counter are automatically updated and the data is directed to the intended PCF8576 device. The acknowledgement after each byte is made only by the (A0, A1 and A2) addressed PCF8576. After the last display byte, the I2C-bus master issues a STOP condition (P). 7.8 Command decoder PCF8576 The command decoder identifies command bytes that arrive on the I2C-bus. All available commands carry a continuation bit C in their most significant bit position (Fig.17). When this bit is set, it indicates that the next byte of the transfer to arrive will also represent a command. If this bit is reset, it indicates the last command byte of the transfer. Further bytes will be regarded as display data. The five commands available to the PCF8576 are defined in Table 4. SDA SCL data line stable; data valid change of data allowed MBA607 Fig.12 Bit transfer. handbook, full pagewidth SDA SDA SCL S START condition P STOP condition SCL MBC622 Fig.13 Definition of START and STOP conditions. 2001 Oct 02 20 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER SDA SCL SLAVE RECEIVER SLAVE TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER MGA807 Fig.14 System configuration. handbook, full pagewidth DATA OUTPUT BY TRANSMITTER not acknowledge DATA OUTPUT BY RECEIVER acknowledge SCL FROM MASTER S START condition clock pulse for acknowledgement MBC602 1 2 8 9 Fig.15 Acknowledgement on the I2C-bus. 2001 Oct 02 21 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 handbook, full pagewidth R/ W slave address S acknowledge by all addressed PCF8576s acknowledge by A0, A1 and A2 selected PCF8576 only S 0 1 1 1 0 0A 0AC 0 1 byte n COMMAND A DISPLAY DATA A P 1 byte(s) n 0 byte(s) update data pointers and if necessary, subaddress counter MBK279 Fig.16 I2C-bus protocol. MSB C REST OF OPCODE LSB MSA833 C = 0; last command. C = 1; commands continue. Fig.17 General format of command byte. 2001 Oct 02 22 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates Table 4 Definition of PCF8576 commands OPCODE C1 0 LP E B M1 M0 OPTIONS Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 DESCRIPTION Defines LCD drive mode. Defines LCD bias configuration. PCF8576 COMMAND MODE SET Defines display status. The possibility to disable the display allows implementation of blinking under external control. Defines power dissipation mode. Six bits of immediate data, bits P5 to P0, are transferred to the data pointer to define one of forty display RAM addresses. Three bits of immediate data, bits A2 to A0, are transferred to the subaddress counter to define one of eight hardware subaddresses. Defines input bank selection (storage of arriving display data). Defines output bank selection (retrieval of LCD display data). The BANK SELECT command has no effect in 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 multiplex drive modes. Defines the blinking frequency. Selects the blinking mode; normal operation with frequency set by BF1, BF0 or blinking by alternation of display RAM banks. Alternation blinking does not apply in 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 multiplex drive modes. MODE SET option 4 MODE BIT LP 0 1 Table 8 LOAD DATA C 0 P5 P4 P3 P2 POINTER DEVICE SELECT BANK SELECT C1 1 0 0 A2 P1 P0 Table 9 A1 A0 Table 10 C1 1 1 1 0 I O Table 11 Table 12 BLINK C1 1 1 0 A BF1 BF0 Table 13 Table 14 Table 5 MODE SET option 1 LCD DRIVE MODE BITS M1 0 1 1 0 M0 1 0 1 0 Table 8 DRIVE MODE Static 1:2 1:3 1:4 Table 6 1⁄ 1⁄ BACKPLANE 1 BP MUX (2 BP) MUX (3 BP) MUX (4 BP) Normal mode Power-saving mode Table 9 LOAD DATA POINTER option 1 DESCRIPTION BITS 6-bit binary value of 0 to 39 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 MODE SET option 2 LCD BIAS 3bias 2bias BIT B 0 1 Table 10 DEVICE SELECT option 1 DESCRIPTION 3-bit binary value of 0 to 7 A2 BITS A1 A0 Table 7 MODE SET option 3 BIT E 0 1 Table 11 BANK SELECT option 1 STATIC RAM bit 0 RAM bit 2 1 : 2 MUX RAM bits 0 and 1 RAM bits 2 and 3 BIT I 0 1 DISPLAY STATUS Disabled (blank) Enabled 2001 Oct 02 23 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates Table 12 BANK SELECT option 2 STATIC RAM bit 0 RAM bit 2 1 : 2 MUX RAM bits 0 and 1 RAM bits 2 and 3 BIT O 0 1 7.10 Cascaded operation PCF8576 Table 13 BLINK option 1 BITS BLINK FREQUENCY BF1 Off 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz Table 14 BLINK option 2 BLINK MODE Normal blinking Alternation blinking 7.9 Display controller BIT A 0 1 0 0 1 1 BF0 0 1 0 1 In large display configurations, up to 16 PCF8576s can be distinguished on the same I2C-bus by using the 3-bit hardware subaddress (A0, A1 and A2) and the programmable I2C-bus slave address (SA0). When cascaded PCF8576s are synchronized so that they can share the backplane signals from one of the devices in the cascade. Such an arrangement is cost-effective in large LCD applications since the backplane outputs of only one device need to be through-plated to the backplane electrodes of the display. The other PCF8576s of the cascade contribute additional segment outputs but their backplane outputs are left open-circuit (see Fig.18). The SYNC line is provided to maintain the correct synchronization between all cascaded PCF8576s. This synchronization is guaranteed after the Power-on reset. The only time that SYNC is likely to be needed is if synchronization is accidentally lost (e.g. by noise in adverse electrical environments; or by the definition of a multiplex mode when PCF8576s with differing SA0 levels are cascaded). SYNC is organized as an input/output pin; the output selection being realized as an open-drain driver with an internal pull-up resistor. A PCF8576 asserts the SYNC line at the onset of its last active backplane signal and monitors the SYNC line at all other times. Should synchronization in the cascade be lost, it will be restored by the first PCF8576 to assert SYNC. The timing relationship between the backplane waveforms and the SYNC signal for the various drive modes of the PCF8576 are shown in Fig.19. For single plane wiring of packaged PCF8576s and chip-on-glass cascading, see Chapter 12. The display controller executes the commands identified by the command decoder. It contains the status registers of the PCF8576 and co-ordinates their effects. The controller is also responsible for loading display data into the display RAM as required by the filling order. 2001 Oct 02 24 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 handbook, full pagewidth VDD SDA 1 SCL 2 SYNC CLK 3 5 VLCD 12 17 to 56 40 segment drives LCD PANEL PCF8576 13, 15 14, 16 7 A0 8 A1 9 A2 10 11 SA0 VSS (up to 2560 elements) BP0 to BP3 (open-circuit) 4 OSC 6 V LCD VDD tr 2CB 5 HOST MICROPROCESSOR/ MICROCONTROLLER SDA SCL SYNC CLK OSC 1 2 3 4 6 7 VSS A0 8 A1 9 A2 10 11 R V DD V 12 LCD 17 to 56 40 segment drives PCF8576 13, 15 14, 16 4 backplanes BP0 to BP3 MBK280 SA0 V SS Fig.18 Cascaded PCF8576 configuration. 2001 Oct 02 25 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 handbook, full pagewidth 1 Tframe = f frame BP0 SYNC (a) static drive mode. BP1 (1/2 bias) BP1 (1/3 bias) SYNC (b) 1 : 2 multiplex drive mode. BP2 SYNC (c) 1 : 3 multiplex drive mode. BP3 SYNC MBE535 (d) 1 : 4 multiplex drive mode. Excessive capacitive coupling between SCL or CLK and SYNC may cause erroneous synchronization. If this proves to be a problem, the capacitance of the SYNC line should be increased (e.g. by an external capacitor between SYNC and VDD). Degradation of the positive edge of the SYNC pulse may be countered by an external pull-up resistor. Fig.19 Synchronization of the cascade for the various PCF8576 drive modes. 2001 Oct 02 26 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 8 LIMITING VALUES In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). SYMBOL VDD VLCD VI VO II IO IDD, ISS, ILCD Ptot PO Tstg 9 HANDLING supply voltage LCD supply voltage input voltage SDA, SCL, CLK, SYNC, SA0, OSC, A0 to A2 output voltage S0 to S39, BP0 to BP3 DC input current DC output current VDD, VSS or VLCD current total power dissipation power dissipation per output storage temperature PARAMETER MIN. −0.5 VDD − 11.0 VSS − 0.5 VLCD − 0.5 − − − − − −65 MAX. +11.0 VDD PCF8576 UNIT V V V V mA mA mA mW mW °C VDD + 0.5 VDD + 0.5 20 25 50 400 100 +150 Inputs and outputs are protected against electrostatic discharge in normal handling. However, to be totally safe, it is desirable to take normal precautions appropriate to handling MOS devices (see “Handling MOS Devices” ). 2001 Oct 02 27 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 10 DC CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 2 to 9 V; VSS = 0 V; VLCD = VDD − 2 V to VDD − 9 V; Tamb = −40 to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL Supplies VDD VLCD IDD supply voltage LCD supply voltage supply current normal mode power-saving mode note 1 note 2 fclk = 200 kHz fclk = 35 kHz; VDD = 3.5 V; VLCD = 0 V; A0, A1 and A2 connected to VSS − − − − 180 60 µA µA 2 VDD − 9 − − 9 V VDD − 2 V PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Logic VIL VIH VOL VOH IOL1 IOH1 IOL2 IL1 IL2 Ipd RSYNC VPOR CI VBP VS RBP RS Notes 1. VLCD ≤ VDD − 3 V for 1⁄3bias. 2. LCD outputs are open-circuit; inputs at VSS or VDD; external clock with 50% duty factor; I2C-bus inactive. 3. Resets all logic when VDD < VPOR. 4. Periodically sampled, not 100% tested. 5. Outputs measured one at a time. LOW-level input voltage HIGH-level input voltage LOW-level output voltage HIGH-level output voltage LOW-level output current CLK, SYNC HIGH-level output current CLK LOW-level output current SDA and SCL leakage current SA0, A0 to A2, CLK, SDA and SCL leakage current OSC A0, A1, A2 and OSC pull-down current pull-up resistor (SYNC) Power-on reset voltage level input capacitance note 3 note 4 IOL = 0 mA IOH = 0 mA VOL = 1 V; VDD = 5 V VOH = 4 V; VDD = 5 V VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 5 V VI = VDD or VSS VI = VDD VI = 1 V; VDD = 5 V VSS 0.7VDD − 1 1 3 − − 20 20 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 50 50 1.0 − 20 20 − − 0.3VDD VDD 0.05 − − − − 1 1 150 150 1.6 7 − − 5 7.5 V V V V mA mA mA µA µA µA kΩ V pF VDD − 0.05 − LCD outputs DC voltage component BP0 to BP3 DC voltage component S0 to S39 output resistance BP0 to BP3 output resistance S0 to S39 CBP = 35 nF CS = 5 nF note 5; VLCD = VDD − 5 V note 5; VLCD = VDD − 5 V mV mV kΩ kΩ 2001 Oct 02 28 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 11 AC CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 2 to 9 V; VSS = 0 V; VLCD = VDD − 2 V to VDD − 9 V; Tamb = −40 to +85 °C; unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL fclk PARAMETER oscillator frequency on pin CLK normal mode power-saving mode tclkH tclkL tPSYNC tSYNCL tPLCD CLK HIGH time CLK LOW time SYNC propagation delay time SYNC LOW time driver delays with test loads VDD = 5 V; note 1 VDD = 3.5 V see Fig.21 125 21 1 1 − 1 VLCD = VDD − 5 V; see Fig.20 − − 4.7 4.0 4.7 4.7 4.0 − − − 250 0 4.0 200 31 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 288 48 − − 400 − 30 kHz kHz µs µs ns µs µs CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Timing characteristics: I2C-bus; note 2; see Fig.22 tSW tBUF tHD;STA tSU;STA tLOW tHIGH tr tf CB tSU;DAT tHD;DAT tSU;STO Notes 1. At fclk < 125 kHz, I2C-bus maximum transmission speed is derated. 2. All timing values are valid within the operating supply voltage and ambient temperature range and are referenced to VIL and VIH with an input voltage swing of VSS to VDD. tolerable spike width on bus bus free time START condition hold time set-up time for a repeated START condition SCL LOW time SCL HIGH time SCL and SDA rise time SCL and SDA fall time capacitive bus line load data set-up time data hold time set-up time for STOP condition 100 − − − − − 1 0.3 400 − − − ns µs µs µs µs µs µs µs pF ns ns µs SYNC 6.8 Ω (2%) 3.3 k Ω (2%) 1 nF V DD CLK 0.5VDD SDA, SCL 1.5 k Ω (2%) VDD BP0 to BP3, and S0 to S39 VDD MBE544 Fig.20 Test loads. 2001 Oct 02 29 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates PCF8576 handbook, full pagewidth 1/ f clk t clkH t clkL 0.7VDD 0.3VDD CLK SYNC 0.7VDD 0.3VDD t PSYNC t PSYNC t SYNCL 0.5 V (VDD = 5 V) 0.5 V t PLCD MBE545 BP0 to BP3, and S0 to S39 Fig.21 Driver timing waveforms. handbook, full pagewidth SDA t BUF t LOW tf SCL t HD;STA tr t HD;DAT t HIGH t SU;DAT SDA t SU;STA MGA728 t SU;STO Fig.22 I2C-bus timing waveforms. 2001 Oct 02 30 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 11.1 Typical supply current characteristics PCF8576 50 I SS (µA) 40 MBE530 MBE529 50 normal mode I LCD (µA) 40 30 30 20 power-saving mode 10 20 10 0 0 100 f frame (Hz) 200 0 0 100 f frame (Hz) 200 VDD = 5 V; VLCD = 0 V; Tamb = 25 °C. VDD = 5 V; VLCD = 0 V; Tamb = 25 °C. Fig.23 −ISS as a function of fframe. Fig.24 −ILCD as a function of fframe. handbook, halfpage 50 MBE528 - 1 MBE527 - 1 I SS (µA) 40 handbook, halfpage 50 I LCD normal mode f clk = 200 kHz (µA) 40 85 C o 30 30 25 C o 20 20 o 10 power-saving mode f clk = 35 kHz 40 C 10 0 0 5 V DD (V) 10 0 0 5 V DD (V) 10 VLCD = 0 V; external clock; Tamb = 25 °C. VLCD = 0 V; external clock; fclk = nominal frequency. Fig.25 ISS as a function of VDD. Fig.26 ILCD as a function of VDD. 2001 Oct 02 31 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 11.2 Typical characteristics of LCD outputs PCF8576 MBE532 - 1 handbook, halfpage 10 2.5 R O(max) (kΩ) 2.0 RS MBE526 R O(max) (kΩ) RS 1.5 1 R BP 1.0 R BP 0.5 10 -1 0 3 VDD (V) 6 0 40 0 40 80 120 o Tamb( C) VLCD = 0 V; Tamb = 25 °C. VDD = 5 V; VLCD = 0 V. Fig.27 RO(max) as a function of VDD. Fig.28 RO(max) as a function of Tamb. 2001 Oct 02 32 This text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here in _white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader.This text is here inThis text is here in white to force landscape pages to be rotated correctly when browsing through the pdf in the Acrobat reader. white to force landscape pages to be ... andbook, full pagewidth 2001 Oct 02 SDA SCL SYNC CLK V DD OSC A0 A1 A2 SA0 V SS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 S39 S38 S37 S36 S35 S34 S33 S32 S31 S30 S29 S28 S27 S26 12 APPLICATION INFORMATION Philips Semiconductors Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates SDA SCL SYNC CLK V DD VSS V LCD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BP0 BP2 open BP1 BP3 S40 S41 S42 S43 13 14 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 S79 S78 S77 S76 S75 S74 S73 S72 S71 S70 S69 S68 S67 S66 S65 S64 S63 S62 S61 33 S0 backplanes S10 V LCD BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 S0 S1 S2 S3 PCF8576T 15 16 17 18 19 20 34 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S11 24 25 26 27 28 33 32 31 30 29 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S12 S13 S39 segments S40 42 41 40 39 38 S25 S24 S23 S22 S21 PCF8576T 15 16 17 18 19 20 34 S47 S48 S49 S50 S51 24 25 26 27 28 33 32 31 30 29 S57 S56 S55 S54 42 41 40 39 38 Product specification S53 PCF8576 S52 S52 S53 S79 MBK281 S50 S51 Fig.29 Single plane wiring of packaged PCF8576Ts. Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 12.1 Chip-on-glass cascadability in single plane PCF8576 In chip-on-glass technology, where driver devices are bonded directly onto glass of the LCD, it is important that the devices may be cascaded without the crossing of conductors, but the paths of conductors can be continued on the glass under the chip. All of this is facilitated by the PCF8576 bonding pad layout (see Fig.30). Pads needing bus interconnection between all PCF8576s of the cascade are VDD, VSS, VLCD, CLK, SCL, SDA and SYNC. These lines may be led to the corresponding pads of the next PCF8576 through the wide opening between VLCD pad 13 BONDING PAD INFORMATION and the backplane output pads. The only bus line that does not require a second opening to lead through to the next PCF8576 is VLCD, being the cascade centre. The placing of VLCD adjacent to VSS allows the two supplies to be connected together. When an external clocking source is to be used, OSC of all devices should be connected to VDD. The pads OSC, A0, A1, A2 and SA0 have been placed between VSS and VDD to facilitate wiring of oscillator, hardware subaddress and slave address. S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 22 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 21 20 19 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 BP3 BP1 BP2 BP0 18 17 16 15 14 13 handbook, full pagewidth S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 4.12 mm S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32 S33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 x 0 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 10 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 0 y PCF8576 cascade centre 12 11 S10 VLCD VSS SA0 A2 SYNC SDA OSC S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 SCL CLK A0 3.07 mm MBK282 Bonding pad dimensions: 120 × 120 µm. Gold bump dimensions: 94 × 94 × 25 µm. Fig.30 Bonding pad locations. 2001 Oct 02 34 VDD A1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates Table 15 Bonding pad locations (dimensions in µm) All x and y coordinates are referenced to centre of chip (see Fig.30). COORDINATES SYMBOL SDA SCL SYNC CLK VDD OSC A0 A1 A2 SA0 VSS VLCD BP0 BP2 BP1 BP3 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 PAD x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 −155 45 245 445 645 865 1105 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1375 1105 865 645 445 245 45 −155 −355 y −1900 −1900 −1900 −1900 −1900 −1900 −1900 −1900 −1700 −1500 −1300 −1100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 PCF8576 COORDINATES SYMBOL S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32 S33 S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 PAD x 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 −555 −755 −955 −1155 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1375 −1155 −955 −755 −555 −355 y 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1660 1420 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 −200 −400 −600 −800 −1000 −1200 −1420 −1660 −1900 −1900 −1900 −1900 −1900 − 900 Table 16 Bonding pad dimensions Pad pitch Pad size, aluminium Gold bump dimensions 200 µm 120 × 120 µm 94 × 94 × 25 µm 2001 Oct 02 35 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 14 TRAY INFORMATION: PCF8576U x PCF8576 handbook, full pagewidth G H 1,1 2,1 A C y x,1 D 1,2 B F 1,y x,y A E A M J SECTION A-A For dimensions see Table 18. MGU431 Fig.31 Tray details. Table 17 Tray dimensions (see Fig.33) SYMBOL handbook, halfpage DESCRIPTION pocket pitch; x direction pocket pitch; y direction pocket width; x direction pocket width; y direction tray width; x direction tray width; y direction cut corner to pocket 1,1 centre cut corner to pocket 1,1 centre tray thickness pocket depth number of pockets; x direction number of pockets; y direction VALUE 6.32 mm 6.32 mm 4.55 mm 4.55 mm 50.67 mm 50.67 mm 6.32 mm 6.32 mm 3.94 mm 0.61 mm 7 7 A B C D E F G H PC8576U J M x MGU432 y The orientation of the IC in a pocket is indicated by the position of the IC type name on the die surface with respect to the chamfer on the upper left corner of the tray. Fig.32 Tray alignment. 2001 Oct 02 36 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 15 TRAY INFORMATION: PCF8576U/2 PCF8576 handbook, full pagewidth x G H 1,1 2,1 A C y x,1 D 1,2 B F 1,y x,y A K L E A M J SECTION A-A For dimensions see Table 17. MGW014 Fig.33 Tray details. Table 18 Tray dimensions (see Fig.31) SYMBOL handbook, halfpage DESCRIPTION pocket pitch; x direction pocket pitch; y direction pocket width; x direction pocket width; y direction tray width; x direction tray width; y direction cut corner to pocket 1,1 centre cut corner to pocket 1,1 centre tray thickness tray cross section tray cross section pocket depth number of pockets; x direction number of pockets; y direction VALUE 5.33 mm 7.11 mm 3.43 mm 4.67 mm 50.67 mm 50.67 mm 6.67 mm 7.56 mm 3.94 mm 1.76 mm 2.46 mm 0.89 mm 8 6 A B C D E F G H J PCF8576U/2 K L MGW015 M x y The orientation of the IC in a pocket is indicated by the position of the IC type name on the die surface with respect to the chamfer on the upper left corner of the tray. Fig.34 Tray alignment. 2001 Oct 02 37 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 16 PACKAGE OUTLINES VSO56: plastic very small outline package; 56 leads PCF8576 SOT190-1 D E A X c y HE vM A Z 56 29 Q A2 A1 pin 1 index Lp L 1 e bp 28 wM detail X (A 3) θ A 0 5 scale 10 mm DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions) UNIT mm inches A max. 3.3 0.13 A1 0.3 0.1 0.012 0.004 A2 3.0 2.8 0.12 0.11 A3 0.25 0.01 bp 0.42 0.30 c 0.22 0.14 D (1) 21.65 21.35 E (2) 11.1 11.0 e 0.75 HE 15.8 15.2 L 2.25 0.089 Lp 1.6 1.4 0.063 0.055 Q 1.45 1.30 v 0.2 w 0.1 y 0.1 Z (1) 0.90 0.55 θ 0.017 0.0087 0.85 0.012 0.0055 0.84 0.44 0.62 0.0295 0.43 0.60 0.057 0.035 0.008 0.004 0.004 0.051 0.022 7 0o o Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.3 mm maximum per side are not included. 2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION SOT190-1 REFERENCES IEC JEDEC EIAJ EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 96-04-02 97-08-11 2001 Oct 02 38 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 17 SOLDERING 17.1 Introduction to soldering surface mount packages PCF8576 If wave soldering is used the following conditions must be observed for optimal results: • Use a double-wave soldering method comprising a turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave. • For packages with leads on two sides and a pitch (e): – larger than or equal to 1.27 mm, the footprint longitudinal axis is preferred to be parallel to the transport direction of the printed-circuit board; – smaller than 1.27 mm, the footprint longitudinal axis must be parallel to the transport direction of the printed-circuit board. The footprint must incorporate solder thieves at the downstream end. • For packages with leads on four sides, the footprint must be placed at a 45° angle to the transport direction of the printed-circuit board. The footprint must incorporate solder thieves downstream and at the side corners. During placement and before soldering, the package must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive is cured. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250 °C. A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. 17.4 Manual soldering This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in our “Data Handbook IC26; Integrated Circuit Packages” (document order number 9398 652 90011). There is no soldering method that is ideal for all surface mount IC packages. Wave soldering can still be used for certain surface mount ICs, but it is not suitable for fine pitch SMDs. In these situations reflow soldering is recommended. 17.2 Reflow soldering Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement. Several methods exist for reflowing; for example, convection or convection/infrared heating in a conveyor type oven. Throughput times (preheating, soldering and cooling) vary between 100 and 200 seconds depending on heating method. Typical reflow peak temperatures range from 215 to 250 °C. The top-surface temperature of the packages should preferable be kept below 220 °C for thick/large packages, and below 235 °C for small/thin packages. 17.3 Wave soldering Conventional single wave soldering is not recommended for surface mount devices (SMDs) or printed-circuit boards with a high component density, as solder bridging and non-wetting can present major problems. To overcome these problems the double-wave soldering method was specifically developed. Fix the component by first soldering two diagonally-opposite end leads. Use a low voltage (24 V or less) soldering iron applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300 °C. When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between 270 and 320 °C. 2001 Oct 02 39 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 17.5 Suitability of surface mount IC packages for wave and reflow soldering methods PCF8576 SOLDERING METHOD PACKAGE WAVE BGA, HBGA, LFBGA, SQFP, TFBGA HBCC, HLQFP, HSQFP, HSOP, HTQFP, HTSSOP, HVQFN, SMS PLCC(3), SO, SOJ LQFP, QFP, TQFP SSOP, TSSOP, VSO Notes 1. All surface mount (SMD) packages are moisture sensitive. Depending upon the moisture content, the maximum temperature (with respect to time) and body size of the package, there is a risk that internal or external package cracks may occur due to vaporization of the moisture in them (the so called popcorn effect). For details, refer to the Drypack information in the “Data Handbook IC26; Integrated Circuit Packages; Section: Packing Methods”. 2. These packages are not suitable for wave soldering as a solder joint between the printed-circuit board and heatsink (at bottom version) can not be achieved, and as solder may stick to the heatsink (on top version). 3. If wave soldering is considered, then the package must be placed at a 45° angle to the solder wave direction. The package footprint must incorporate solder thieves downstream and at the side corners. 4. Wave soldering is only suitable for LQFP, TQFP and QFP packages with a pitch (e) equal to or larger than 0.8 mm; it is definitely not suitable for packages with a pitch (e) equal to or smaller than 0.65 mm. 5. Wave soldering is only suitable for SSOP and TSSOP packages with a pitch (e) equal to or larger than 0.65 mm; it is definitely not suitable for packages with a pitch (e) equal to or smaller than 0.5 mm. not suitable not not not suitable(2) recommended(3)(4) recommended(5) suitable REFLOW(1) suitable suitable suitable suitable suitable 2001 Oct 02 40 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 18 DATA SHEET STATUS DATA SHEET STATUS(1) Objective specification PRODUCT STATUS(2) Development DEFINITIONS PCF8576 This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice. This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product. This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Changes will be communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A. Preliminary specification Qualification Product specification Production Notes 1. Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design. 2. The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. 19 DEFINITIONS Short-form specification  The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook. Limiting values definition  Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information  Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. 20 DISCLAIMERS Life support applications  These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products 2001 Oct 02 41 for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application. Right to make changes  Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no licence or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified. Bare die  All die are tested and are guaranteed to comply with all data sheet limits up to the point of wafer sawing for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of Philips' delivery. If there are data sheet limits not guaranteed, these will be separately indicated in the data sheet. There are no post packing tests performed on individual die or wafer. Philips Semiconductors has no control of third party procedures in the sawing, handling, packing or assembly of the die. Accordingly, Philips Semiconductors assumes no liability for device functionality or performance of the die or systems after third party sawing, handling, packing or assembly of the die. It is the responsibility of the customer to test and qualify their application in which the die is used. Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates 21 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS PCF8576 Purchase of Philips I2C components conveys a license under the Philips’ I2C patent to use the components in the I2C system provided the system conforms to the I2C specification defined by Philips. This specification can be ordered using the code 9398 393 40011. 2001 Oct 02 42 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Universal LCD driver for low multiplex rates NOTES PCF8576 2001 Oct 02 43 Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Contact information For additional information please visit http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. Fax: +31 40 27 24825 For sales offices addresses send e-mail to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com. © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2001 SCA73 All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in The Netherlands 403512/04/pp44 Date of release: 2001 Oct 02 Document order number: 9397 750 08044