C8051T326-GM

C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Full Speed USB EPROM MCU Family USB Function Controller - USB specification 2.0 compliant - Full speed (12 Mbps) or low speed (1.5 Mbps) oper- ation Integrated clock recovery; no external oscillator required for full speed or low speed Supports six flexible endpoints 256-Byte USB buffer memory Integrated transceiver; no external resistors required - On-Chip Debug - C8051F34A can be used as code development plat- Digital Peripherals - Up to 16 Port I/O with high sink current capability - Hardware enhanced SPI™, SMBus™, and two form; Complete development kit available On-chip debug circuitry facilitates full speed, nonintrusive in-system debug Provides breakpoints, single stepping, inspect/modify memory and registers Clock Sources - Two internal oscillators: • 48 MHz: ±0.25% accuracy with clock recovery - High-Speed 8051 µC Core - Pipelined instruction architecture; executes 70% of instructions in 1 or 2 system clocks - Up to 48 MIPS throughput with 48 MHz clock - Expanded interrupt handler Memory - 1280 Bytes internal data RAM (256 + 1024) - 16/8 kB byte-programmable EPROM code memory - EPROM can be programmed from firmware running enhanced UART serial ports Four general purpose 16-bit counter/timers 16-Bit programmable counter array (PCA) with three capture/compare modules and enhanced PWM functionality • enabled. Supports all USB and UART modes 80/40/20/10 kHz low frequency, low power External oscillator: Crystal, RC, C, or CMOS Clock Can switch between clock sources on-the-fly; useful in power saving modes Supply Voltage 1.8 to 5.25 V - On-chip LDO for internal core supply - Built-in supply voltage monitor Package Options: - 4 x 4 mm QFN24 - 5 x 5 mm QFN28 Temperature Range: –40 to +85 °C on the device ANALOG PERIPHERALS VREG USB Controller / Transceiver DIGITAL I/O UART0 UART1 SMBus SPI PCA Timer 0 Timer 1 Timer 2 Timer 3 Port 0 Port 1 P2.0 LOW FREQUENCY INTERNAL OSCILLATOR 48 MHz PRECISION INTERNAL OSCILLATOR HIGH-SPEED CONTROLLER CORE 16/8 KB EPROM FLEXIBLE INTERRUPTS Rev. 1.2 3/19 8051 CPU (48 MIPS) DEBUG CIRCUITRY 1280 B SRAM POR Copyright © 2019 by Silicon Laboratories WDT C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 2 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table of Contents 1. System Overview ..................................................................................................... 15 2. Ordering Information ............................................................................................... 18 3. Pin Definitions.......................................................................................................... 19 4. QFN-24 Package Specifications ............................................................................. 24 5. QFN-28 Package Specifications ............................................................................. 26 6. Electrical Characteristics ........................................................................................ 28 6.1. Absolute Maximum Specifications..................................................................... 28 6.2. Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................... 29 6.3. Typical Performance Curves ............................................................................. 34 7. Voltage Regulators (REG0 and REG1)................................................................... 35 7.1. Voltage Regulator (REG0)................................................................................. 35 7.1.1. Regulator Mode Selection......................................................................... 35 7.1.2. VBUS Detection ........................................................................................ 35 7.2. Voltage Regulator (REG1)................................................................................. 38 8. CIP-51 Microcontroller............................................................................................. 40 8.1. Instruction Set.................................................................................................... 41 8.1.1. Instruction and CPU Timing ...................................................................... 41 8.2. CIP-51 Register Descriptions ............................................................................ 45 9. Prefetch Engine........................................................................................................ 49 10. Memory Organization ............................................................................................ 50 10.1. Program Memory............................................................................................. 50 10.1.1. Derivative ID............................................................................................ 51 10.1.2. Serialization............................................................................................. 51 10.2. Data Memory ................................................................................................... 51 10.2.1. Internal RAM ........................................................................................... 51 10.2.1.1. General Purpose Registers ............................................................ 52 10.2.1.2. Bit Addressable Locations .............................................................. 52 10.2.1.3. Stack ............................................................................................ 52 10.2.2. External RAM .......................................................................................... 52 10.2.3. Accessing USB FIFO Space ................................................................... 53 11. Special Function Registers................................................................................... 56 12. Interrupts ................................................................................................................ 60 12.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors................................................................ 60 12.1.1. Interrupt Priorities.................................................................................... 61 12.1.2. Interrupt Latency ..................................................................................... 61 12.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions ........................................................................ 61 12.3. INT0 and INT1 External Interrupt Sources ...................................................... 69 13. Program Memory (EPROM)................................................................................... 71 13.1. Programming the EPROM Memory................................................................. 71 13.1.1. EPROM Programming over the C2 Interface.......................................... 71 13.1.2. EPROM In-Application Programming...................................................... 72 13.2. Security Options .............................................................................................. 73 13.3. EPROM Writing Guidelines ............................................................................. 73 Rev. 1.2 3 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 13.3.1. VDD Maintenance and the VDD monitor ................................................ 73 13.3.2. PSWE Maintenance ................................................................................ 74 13.3.3. System Clock .......................................................................................... 74 13.4. Program Memory CRC .................................................................................... 74 13.4.1. Performing 32-bit CRCs on Full EPROM Content .................................. 74 13.4.2. Performing 16-bit CRCs on 256-Byte EPROM Blocks............................ 74 14. Power Management Modes................................................................................... 77 14.1. Idle Mode......................................................................................................... 77 14.2. Stop Mode ....................................................................................................... 78 14.3. Suspend Mode ................................................................................................ 78 15. Reset Sources ........................................................................................................ 80 15.1. Power-On Reset .............................................................................................. 81 15.2. Power-Fail Reset/VDD Monitor ....................................................................... 82 15.3. External Reset ................................................................................................. 83 15.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset ......................................................................... 83 15.5. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset ........................................................................... 83 15.6. EPROM Error Reset ........................................................................................ 84 15.7. Software Reset ................................................................................................ 84 15.8. USB Reset....................................................................................................... 84 16. Oscillators and Clock Selection ........................................................................... 86 16.1. System Clock Selection................................................................................... 87 16.2. USB Clock Selection ....................................................................................... 87 16.3. Programmable Internal High-Frequency (H-F) Oscillator ................................ 89 16.3.1. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode ........................................................... 89 16.4. Clock Multiplier ................................................................................................ 91 16.5. Programmable Internal Low-Frequency (L-F) Oscillator ................................. 92 16.5.1. Calibrating the Internal L-F Oscillator...................................................... 92 16.6. External Oscillator Drive Circuit....................................................................... 93 16.6.1. External Crystal Mode............................................................................. 93 16.6.2. External RC Example.............................................................................. 95 16.6.3. External Capacitor Example.................................................................... 95 17. Port Input/Output ................................................................................................... 97 17.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation............................................................................ 98 17.1.1. Port Pins Configured for Analog I/O........................................................ 98 17.1.2. Port Pins Configured For Digital I/O........................................................ 98 17.1.3. Interfacing Port I/O to 5 V Logic .............................................................. 99 17.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog and Digital Functions................................. 99 17.2.1. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog Functions .......................................... 99 17.2.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Digital Functions............................................ 99 17.2.3. Assigning Port I/O Pins to External Digital Event Capture Functions ... 100 17.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder ............................................................................. 100 17.4. Port I/O Initialization ...................................................................................... 104 17.5. Port Match ..................................................................................................... 107 17.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing and Configuring Port I/O ............. 109 18. Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB0) ............................................................. 116 4 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 18.1. Endpoint Addressing ..................................................................................... 116 18.2. USB Transceiver ........................................................................................... 117 18.3. USB Register Access .................................................................................... 119 18.4. USB Clock Configuration............................................................................... 123 18.5. FIFO Management ........................................................................................ 124 18.5.1. FIFO Split Mode .................................................................................... 125 18.5.2. FIFO Double Buffering .......................................................................... 125 18.5.1. FIFO Access ......................................................................................... 126 18.6. Function Addressing...................................................................................... 127 18.7. Function Configuration and Control............................................................... 127 18.8. Interrupts ....................................................................................................... 130 18.9. The Serial Interface Engine ........................................................................... 136 18.10. Endpoint0 .................................................................................................... 136 18.10.1. Endpoint0 SETUP Transactions ......................................................... 137 18.10.2. Endpoint0 IN Transactions.................................................................. 137 18.10.3. Endpoint0 OUT Transactions.............................................................. 138 18.11. Configuring Endpoints1-2 ............................................................................ 140 18.12. Controlling Endpoints1-2 IN......................................................................... 141 18.12.1. Endpoints1-2 IN Interrupt or Bulk Mode.............................................. 141 18.12.2. Endpoints1-2 IN Isochronous Mode.................................................... 142 18.13. Controlling Endpoints1-2 OUT..................................................................... 144 18.13.1. Endpoints1-2 OUT Interrupt or Bulk Mode.......................................... 145 18.13.2. Endpoints1-2 OUT Isochronous Mode................................................ 145 19. SMBus................................................................................................................... 149 19.1. Supporting Documents .................................................................................. 150 19.2. SMBus Configuration..................................................................................... 150 19.3. SMBus Operation .......................................................................................... 150 19.3.1. Transmitter Vs. Receiver....................................................................... 151 19.3.2. Arbitration.............................................................................................. 151 19.3.3. Clock Low Extension............................................................................. 151 19.3.4. SCL Low Timeout.................................................................................. 151 19.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout ......................................................... 152 19.4. Using the SMBus........................................................................................... 152 19.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register.............................................................. 152 19.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register .................................................................... 156 19.4.2.1. Software ACK Generation ............................................................ 156 19.4.2.2. Hardware ACK Generation ........................................................... 156 19.4.3. Hardware Slave Address Recognition .................................................. 158 19.4.4. Data Register ........................................................................................ 161 19.5. SMBus Transfer Modes................................................................................. 162 19.5.1. Write Sequence (Master) ...................................................................... 162 19.5.2. Read Sequence (Master) ...................................................................... 163 19.5.3. Write Sequence (Slave) ........................................................................ 164 19.5.4. Read Sequence (Slave) ........................................................................ 165 19.6. SMBus Status Decoding................................................................................ 165 Rev. 1.2 5 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 20. UART0 ................................................................................................................... 171 20.1. Enhanced Baud Rate Generation.................................................................. 172 20.2. Operational Modes ........................................................................................ 173 20.2.1. 8-Bit UART ............................................................................................ 173 20.2.2. 9-Bit UART ............................................................................................ 174 20.3. Multiprocessor Communications ................................................................... 175 21. UART1 ................................................................................................................... 179 21.1. Baud Rate Generator .................................................................................... 179 21.2. Data Format................................................................................................... 180 21.3. Configuration and Operation ......................................................................... 181 21.3.1. Data Transmission ................................................................................ 182 21.3.2. Data Reception ..................................................................................... 182 21.3.3. Multiprocessor Communications ........................................................... 183 22. Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) ..................................................... 189 22.1. Signal Descriptions........................................................................................ 190 22.1.1. Master Out, Slave In (MOSI)................................................................. 190 22.1.2. Master In, Slave Out (MISO)................................................................. 190 22.1.3. Serial Clock (SCK) ................................................................................ 190 22.1.4. Slave Select (NSS) ............................................................................... 190 22.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation ........................................................................ 190 22.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation .......................................................................... 192 22.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources .................................................................................. 192 22.5. Serial Clock Phase and Polarity .................................................................... 193 22.6. SPI Special Function Registers ..................................................................... 195 23. Timers ................................................................................................................... 202 23.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1 ...................................................................................... 204 23.1.1. Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer ............................................................... 204 23.1.2. Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer ............................................................... 205 23.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload..................................... 205 23.1.4. Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only)................................ 206 23.2. Timer 2 .......................................................................................................... 212 23.2.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload............................................................... 212 23.2.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload............................................................... 213 23.2.3. Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO) Capture Mode ................................... 214 23.3. Timer 3 .......................................................................................................... 218 23.3.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload............................................................... 218 23.3.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload............................................................... 219 23.3.3. Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO) Capture Mode ................................... 220 24. Programmable Counter Array............................................................................. 224 24.1. PCA Counter/Timer ....................................................................................... 225 24.2. PCA0 Interrupt Sources................................................................................. 226 24.3. Capture/Compare Modules ........................................................................... 227 24.3.1. Edge-triggered Capture Mode............................................................... 228 24.3.2. Software Timer (Compare) Mode.......................................................... 229 24.3.3. High-Speed Output Mode ..................................................................... 230 6 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 24.3.4. Frequency Output Mode ....................................................................... 231 24.3.5. 8-bit, 9-bit, 10-bit and 11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Modes ............... 232 24.3.5.1. 8-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode.............................................. 232 24.3.5.2. 9/10/11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode.................................... 233 24.3.6. 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode.................................................... 234 24.4. Watchdog Timer Mode .................................................................................. 235 24.4.1. Watchdog Timer Operation ................................................................... 235 24.4.2. Watchdog Timer Usage ........................................................................ 236 24.5. Register Descriptions for PCA0..................................................................... 237 25. C2 Interface .......................................................................................................... 244 25.1. C2 Interface Registers................................................................................... 244 25.2. C2 Pin Sharing .............................................................................................. 252 Document Change List.............................................................................................. 253 Contact Information................................................................................................... 254 Rev. 1.2 7 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 List of Figures Figure 1.1. C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Block Diagram .................................. 16 Figure 1.2. Typical Bus-Powered Connections for the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326 ........................................................................................... 17 Figure 1.3. Typical Bus-Powered Connections for the C8051T327 ........................ 17 Figure 3.1. C8051T622/3 (QFN-24) Pinout Diagram (Top View) ............................ 21 Figure 3.2. C8051T326 (QFN-28) Pinout Diagram (Top View) ............................... 22 Figure 3.3. C8051T327 (QFN-28) Pinout Diagram (Top View) ............................... 23 Figure 4.1. QFN-24 Package Drawing .................................................................... 24 Figure 4.2. QFN-24 Recommended PCB Land Pattern .......................................... 25 Figure 5.1. QFN-28 Package Drawing .................................................................... 26 Figure 5.2. QFN-28 Recommended PCB Land Pattern .......................................... 27 Figure 6.1. Normal Mode Digital Supply Current vs. Frequency (MPCE = 1) ......... 34 Figure 6.2. Idle Mode Digital Supply Current vs. Frequency (MPCE = 1) ............... 34 Figure 7.1. REG0 Configuration: USB Bus-Powered .............................................. 35 Figure 7.2. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered .............................................. 36 Figure 7.3. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered, Regulator Disabled .............. 36 Figure 7.4. REG0 Configuration: No USB Connection ............................................ 37 Figure 8.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram ........................................................................... 40 Figure 10.1. Memory Map ....................................................................................... 50 Figure 10.2. Program Memory Map ......................................................................... 51 Figure 10.3. USB FIFO Space and XRAM Memory Map with USBFAE set to 1 ..... 54 Figure 15.1. Reset Sources ..................................................................................... 80 Figure 15.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing ......................................... 81 Figure 16.1. Oscillator Options ................................................................................ 86 Figure 16.2. External Crystal Example .................................................................... 94 Figure 17.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram ...................................................... 97 Figure 17.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram ................................................................ 98 Figure 17.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder Potential Pin Assignments ...................... 101 Figure 17.4. Priority Crossbar Decoder Example 1—No Skipped Pins ................. 102 Figure 17.5. Priority Crossbar Decoder Example 2—Skipping Pins ...................... 103 Figure 18.1. USB0 Block Diagram ......................................................................... 116 Figure 18.2. USB0 Register Access Scheme ........................................................ 119 Figure 18.3. USB FIFO Allocation ......................................................................... 125 Figure 19.1. SMBus Block Diagram ...................................................................... 149 Figure 19.2. Typical SMBus Configuration ............................................................ 150 Figure 19.3. SMBus Transaction ........................................................................... 151 Figure 19.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation ........................................................ 153 Figure 19.5. Typical Master Write Sequence ........................................................ 162 Figure 19.6. Typical Master Read Sequence ........................................................ 163 Figure 19.7. Typical Slave Write Sequence .......................................................... 164 Figure 19.8. Typical Slave Read Sequence .......................................................... 165 Figure 20.1. UART0 Block Diagram ...................................................................... 171 Figure 20.2. UART0 Baud Rate Logic ................................................................... 172 Rev. 1.2 8 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Figure 20.3. UART Interconnect Diagram ............................................................. 173 Figure 20.4. 8-Bit UART Timing Diagram .............................................................. 173 Figure 20.5. 9-Bit UART Timing Diagram .............................................................. 174 Figure 20.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram ......................... 175 Figure 21.1. UART1 Block Diagram ...................................................................... 179 Figure 21.2. UART1 Timing Without Parity or Extra Bit ......................................... 181 Figure 21.3. UART1 Timing With Parity ................................................................ 181 Figure 21.4. UART1 Timing With Extra Bit ............................................................ 181 Figure 21.5. Typical UART Interconnect Diagram ................................................. 182 Figure 21.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram ......................... 183 Figure 22.1. SPI Block Diagram ............................................................................ 189 Figure 22.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram ...................................... 191 Figure 22.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode Connection Diagram ......................................................................... 191 Figure 22.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram ......................................................................... 192 Figure 22.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing ....................................................... 194 Figure 22.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0) ................................... 194 Figure 22.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1) ................................... 195 Figure 22.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0) ....................................................... 199 Figure 22.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1) ....................................................... 199 Figure 22.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0) ....................................................... 200 Figure 22.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1) ....................................................... 200 Figure 23.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram ................................................................. 205 Figure 23.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram ................................................................. 206 Figure 23.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram ................................................................. 207 Figure 23.4. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................. 212 Figure 23.5. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................... 213 Figure 23.6. Timer 2 Low-Frequency Oscillation Capture Mode Block Diagram ... 214 Figure 23.7. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................. 218 Figure 23.8. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................... 219 Figure 23.9. Timer 3 Low-Frequency Oscillation Capture Mode Block Diagram ... 220 Figure 24.1. PCA Block Diagram ........................................................................... 224 Figure 24.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram ................................................... 226 Figure 24.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram ............................................................ 227 Figure 24.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram ............................................................. 229 Figure 24.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram ................................................. 230 Figure 24.6. PCA High-Speed Output Mode Diagram ........................................... 231 Figure 24.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode ........................................................... 232 Figure 24.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram ........................................................ 233 Figure 24.9. PCA 9, 10 and 11-Bit PWM Mode Diagram ...................................... 234 Figure 24.10. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode ................................................................... 235 Figure 24.11. PCA Module 2 with Watchdog Timer Enabled ................................ 236 Figure 25.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing ...................................................................... 252 9 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 List of Tables Table 2.1. Product Selection Guide ......................................................................... 18 Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 ......................... 19 Table 4.1. QFN-24 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 24 Table 4.2. QFN-24 PCB Land Pattern Dimesions ................................................... 25 Table 5.1. QFN-28 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 26 Table 5.2. QFN-28 PCB Land Pattern Dimensions ................................................. 27 Table 6.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................... 28 Table 6.2. Global Electrical Characteristics ............................................................. 29 Table 6.3. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics ..................................................... 30 Table 6.4. Reset Electrical Characteristics .............................................................. 30 Table 6.5. Internal Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics ............................. 31 Table 6.6. EPROM Electrical Characteristics .......................................................... 31 Table 6.7. Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics ................. 32 Table 6.8. Internal Low-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics ................. 32 Table 6.9. External Oscillator Electrical Characteristics .......................................... 32 Table 6.10. USB Transceiver Electrical Characteristic ............................................ 33 Table 8.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary ............................................................ 42 Table 11.1. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map .................................... 56 Table 11.2. Special Function Registers ................................................................... 57 Table 12.1. Interrupt Summary ................................................................................ 62 Table 13.1. Security Byte Decoding ........................................................................ 73 Table 17.1. Port I/O Assignment for Analog Functions ........................................... 99 Table 17.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions ............................................. 99 Table 17.3. Port I/O Assignment for External Digital Event Capture Functions .... 100 Table 18.1. Endpoint Addressing Scheme ............................................................ 117 Table 18.2. USB0 Controller Registers ................................................................. 122 Table 18.3. FIFO Configurations ........................................................................... 126 Table 19.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection .......................................................... 153 Table 19.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times ................................................ 154 Table 19.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN ..................................... 158 Table 19.4. Hardware Address Recognition Examples (EHACK = 1) ................... 159 Table 19.5. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Disabled (EHACK = 0) ....................................................................................... 166 Table 19.6. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Enabled (EHACK = 1) ....................................................................................... 168 Table 20.1. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using The Internal 24.5 MHz Oscillator .............................................. 178 Table 20.2. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External 22.1184 MHz Oscillator ......................................... 178 Table 21.1. Baud Rate Generator Settings for Standard Baud Rates ................... 180 Table 22.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters ............................................................ 201 Table 24.1. PCA Timebase Input Options ............................................................. 225 Rev. 1.2 10 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 24.2. PCA0CPM and PCA0PWM Bit Settings for PCA Capture/Compare Modules ................................................................ 228 Table 24.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1 ................................................... 237 11 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 List of Registers SFR Definition 7.1. REG01CN: Voltage Regulator Control .......................................... 39 SFR Definition 8.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte .......................................................... 46 SFR Definition 8.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte ......................................................... 46 SFR Definition 8.3. SP: Stack Pointer ........................................................................... 47 SFR Definition 8.4. ACC: Accumulator ......................................................................... 47 SFR Definition 8.5. B: B Register .................................................................................. 47 SFR Definition 8.6. PSW: Program Status Word .......................................................... 48 SFR Definition 9.1. PFE0CN: Prefetch Engine Control ................................................ 49 SFR Definition 10.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control .............................. 53 SFR Definition 10.2. EMI0CF: External Memory Configuration .................................... 55 SFR Definition 12.1. IE: Interrupt Enable ...................................................................... 63 SFR Definition 12.2. IP: Interrupt Priority ...................................................................... 64 SFR Definition 12.3. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1 .............................................. 65 SFR Definition 12.4. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1 .............................................. 66 SFR Definition 12.5. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2 .............................................. 67 SFR Definition 12.6. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2 .............................................. 68 SFR Definition 12.7. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 ConfigurationO ............................................. 70 SFR Definition 13.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control ........................................... 75 SFR Definition 13.2. MEMKEY: EPROM Memory Lock and Key ................................. 75 SFR Definition 13.3. IAPCN: In-Application Programming Control ............................... 76 SFR Definition 14.1. PCON: Power Control .................................................................. 79 SFR Definition 15.1. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control .................................................. 83 SFR Definition 15.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source .............................................................. 85 SFR Definition 16.1. CLKSEL: Clock Select ................................................................. 88 SFR Definition 16.2. OSCICL: Internal H-F Oscillator Calibration ................................ 89 SFR Definition 16.3. OSCICN: Internal H-F Oscillator Control ..................................... 90 SFR Definition 16.4. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier Control ............................................... 91 SFR Definition 16.5. OSCLCN: Internal L-F Oscillator Control ..................................... 92 SFR Definition 16.6. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control .......................................... 96 SFR Definition 17.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0 .......................................... 105 SFR Definition 17.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 .......................................... 106 SFR Definition 17.3. XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar Register 2 .......................................... 107 SFR Definition 17.4. P0MASK: Port 0 Mask Register ................................................. 108 SFR Definition 17.5. P0MAT: Port 0 Match Register .................................................. 108 SFR Definition 17.6. P1MASK: Port 1 Mask Register ................................................. 109 SFR Definition 17.7. P1MAT: Port 1 Match Register .................................................. 109 SFR Definition 17.8. P0: Port 0 ................................................................................... 110 SFR Definition 17.9. P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode ....................................................... 111 SFR Definition 17.10. P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode .............................................. 111 SFR Definition 17.11. P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip ................................................................. 112 SFR Definition 17.12. P1: Port 1 ................................................................................. 112 SFR Definition 17.13. P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode ..................................................... 113 SFR Definition 17.14. P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode .............................................. 113 Rev. 1.2 12 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.15. P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip ................................................................. 114 SFR Definition 17.16. P2: Port 2 ................................................................................. 114 SFR Definition 17.17. P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode .............................................. 115 SFR Definition 18.1. USB0XCN: USB0 Transceiver Control ...................................... 118 SFR Definition 18.2. USB0ADR: USB0 Indirect Address ........................................... 120 SFR Definition 18.3. USB0DAT: USB0 Data .............................................................. 121 USB Register Definition 18.4. INDEX: USB0 Endpoint Index ..................................... 123 USB Register Definition 18.5. CLKREC: Clock Recovery Control .............................. 124 USB Register Definition 18.6. FIFOn: USB0 Endpoint FIFO Access .......................... 126 USB Register Definition 18.7. FADDR: USB0 Function Address ............................... 127 USB Register Definition 18.8. POWER: USB0 Power ................................................ 129 USB Register Definition 18.9. FRAMEL: USB0 Frame Number Low ......................... 130 USB Register Definition 18.10. FRAMEH: USB0 Frame Number High ...................... 130 USB Register Definition 18.11. IN1INT: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt ......................... 131 USB Register Definition 18.12. OUT1INT: USB0 OUT Endpoint Interrupt ................. 132 USB Register Definition 18.13. CMINT: USB0 Common Interrupt ............................. 133 USB Register Definition 18.14. IN1IE: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt Enable ............... 134 USB Register Definition 18.15. OUT1IE: USB0 OUT Endpoint Interrupt Enable ....... 135 USB Register Definition 18.16. CMIE: USB0 Common Interrupt Enable .................... 136 USB Register Definition 18.17. E0CSR: USB0 Endpoint0 Control ............................. 139 USB Register Definition 18.18. E0CNT: USB0 Endpoint0 Data Count ....................... 140 USB Register Definition 18.19. EENABLE: USB0 Endpoint Enable ........................... 141 USB Register Definition 18.20. EINCSRL: USB0 IN Endpoint Control Low ............... 143 USB Register Definition 18.21. EINCSRH: USB0 IN Endpoint Control High .............. 144 USB Register Definition 18.22. EOUTCSRL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control Low Byte 146 USB Register Definition 18.23. EOUTCSRH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control High Byte ................................................................... 147 USB Register Definition 18.24. EOUTCNTL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count Low ......... 147 USB Register Definition 18.25. EOUTCNTH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count High ........ 148 SFR Definition 19.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration ...................................... 155 SFR Definition 19.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control .......................................................... 157 SFR Definition 19.3. SMB0ADR: SMBus Slave Address ............................................ 159 SFR Definition 19.4. SMB0ADM: SMBus Slave Address Mask .................................. 160 SFR Definition 19.5. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data ............................................................ 161 SFR Definition 20.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control .................................................... 176 SFR Definition 20.2. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer .................................. 177 SFR Definition 21.1. SCON1: UART1 Control ............................................................ 184 SFR Definition 21.2. SMOD1: UART1 Mode .............................................................. 185 SFR Definition 21.3. SBUF1: UART1 Data Buffer ...................................................... 186 SFR Definition 21.4. SBCON1: UART1 Baud Rate Generator Control ...................... 187 SFR Definition 21.5. SBRLH1: UART1 Baud Rate Generator High Byte ................... 187 SFR Definition 21.6. SBRLL1: UART1 Baud Rate Generator Low Byte ..................... 188 SFR Definition 22.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration ................................................... 196 SFR Definition 22.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control ............................................................... 197 SFR Definition 22.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate ....................................................... 198 13 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 22.4. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data ................................................................. 198 SFR Definition 23.1. CKCON: Clock Control .............................................................. 203 SFR Definition 23.2. TCON: Timer Control ................................................................. 208 SFR Definition 23.3. TMOD: Timer Mode ................................................................... 209 SFR Definition 23.4. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte ............................................................... 210 SFR Definition 23.5. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte ............................................................... 210 SFR Definition 23.6. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte ............................................................. 211 SFR Definition 23.7. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte ............................................................. 211 SFR Definition 23.8. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control ......................................................... 215 SFR Definition 23.9. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte .......................... 216 SFR Definition 23.10. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte ...................... 216 SFR Definition 23.11. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte ....................................................... 216 SFR Definition 23.12. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte ....................................................... 217 SFR Definition 23.13. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control ....................................................... 221 SFR Definition 23.14. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte ........................ 222 SFR Definition 23.15. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte ...................... 222 SFR Definition 23.16. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte ....................................................... 222 SFR Definition 23.17. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte ....................................................... 223 SFR Definition 24.1. PCA0CN: PCA Control .............................................................. 238 SFR Definition 24.2. PCA0MD: PCA Mode ................................................................ 239 SFR Definition 24.3. PCA0PWM: PCA PWM Configuration ....................................... 240 SFR Definition 24.4. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode .............................. 241 SFR Definition 24.5. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte ...................................... 242 SFR Definition 24.6. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte ..................................... 242 SFR Definition 24.7. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte ............................. 243 SFR Definition 24.8. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte ........................... 243 C2 Register Definition 25.1. C2ADD: C2 Address ...................................................... 244 C2 Register Definition 25.2. DEVICEID: C2 Device ID ............................................... 246 C2 Register Definition 25.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID .................................................. 246 C2 Register Definition 25.4. DEVCTL: C2 Device Control .......................................... 247 C2 Register Definition 25.5. EPCTL: EPROM Programming Control Register ........... 247 C2 Register Definition 25.6. EPDAT: C2 EPROM Data .............................................. 248 C2 Register Definition 25.7. EPSTAT: C2 EPROM Status ......................................... 248 C2 Register Definition 25.8. EPADDRH: C2 EPROM Address High Byte .................. 249 C2 Register Definition 25.9. EPADDRL: C2 EPROM Address Low Byte ................... 249 C2 Register Definition 25.10. CRC0: CRC Byte 0 ...................................................... 250 C2 Register Definition 25.11. CRC1: CRC Byte 1 ...................................................... 250 C2 Register Definition 25.12. CRC2: CRC Byte 2 ...................................................... 251 C2 Register Definition 25.13. CRC3: CRC Byte 3 ...................................................... 251 Rev. 1.2 14 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 1. System Overview C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices are fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-a-Chip MCUs. Highlighted features are listed below. Refer to Table 2.1 for specific product feature selection and part ordering numbers. High-speed pipelined 8051-compatible microcontroller core (up to 48 MIPS) In-system, full-speed, non-intrusive debug interface (on-chip) C8051F34A ISP flash device is available for quick in-system code development Universal Serial Bus (USB) Function Controller with six flexible endpoint pipes, integrated transceiver, and 256-Byte FIFO RAM Supply Voltage Regulator Precision calibrated 48 MHz internal oscillator Internal low-frequency oscillator for additional power savings 16 kB or 8 kB of on-chip byte-programmable EPROM—(512 bytes are reserved) 1280 bytes of on-chip RAM (256 + 1 kB) SMBus/I2C, 2 UARTs, and Enhanced SPI serial interfaces implemented in hardware Four general-purpose 16-bit timers Programmable Counter/Timer Array (PCA) with three capture/compare modules and Watchdog Timer function On-chip Power-On Reset and VDD Monitor Up to 16 Port I/O With on-chip Power-On Reset, VDD monitor, Watchdog Timer, and clock oscillator, the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices are truly stand-alone System-on-a-Chip solutions. User software has complete control of all peripherals, and may individually shut down any or all peripherals for power savings. Code written for the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 family of processors will run on the C8051F34A Mixed-signal ISP Flash microcontroller, providing a quick, cost-effective way to develop code without requiring special emulator circuitry. The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 processors include Silicon Laboratories’ 2-Wire C2 Debug and Programming interface, which allows non-intrusive (uses no on-chip resources), full speed, in-circuit debugging using the production MCU installed in the final application. This debug logic supports inspection of memory, viewing and modification of special function registers, setting breakpoints, single stepping, run and halt commands. All analog and digital peripherals are fully functional while debugging using C2. The two C2 interface pins can be shared with user functions, allowing in-system debugging without occupying package pins. Each device is specified for 1.8-to-5.25 V operation over the industrial temperature range (–40 to +85 °C). For voltages above 3.6 V, the on-chip Voltage Regulator must be used. A minimum of 3.0 V is required for USB communication. An additional internal LDO is used to supply the processor core voltage at 1.8 V. The Port I/O and RST pins are tolerant of input signals up to 5 V. The C8051T622/3 are available in 24-pin QFN packaging and the C8051T326/7 are available in 28-pin QFN packaging. See Table 2.1 for ordering information. A block diagram is shown in Figure 1.1. Rev. 1.2 15 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Power On Reset Reset C2CK/RST Debug / Programming Hardware Digital Peripherals 16k/8k Byte OTP Program Memory UART0 256 Byte SRAM Timers 0, 1, 2, 3 1024 Byte XRAM PCA/ WDT Voltage Regulator VDD Priority Crossbar Decoder SMBus VPP REGIN Port 0 Drivers UART1 C2D In-system Programming Hardware SPI Peripheral Power Regulator GND VIO 1 Port I/O Configuration CIP-51 8051 Controller Core Port 1 Drivers Crossbar Control Core Power SFR Bus Port 2 Drivers System Clock Setup XTAL1 XTAL2 External Oscillator Note 1: Not available on C8051T327 devices. Note 2: Not available on C8051T326/7 devices. Internal Oscillator Clock Recovery Low Freq. Oscillator USB Peripheral D+ DVBUS Full / Low Speed Transceiver Controller 256 Byte RAM Figure 1.1. C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Block Diagram 16 Rev. 1.2 P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.62 P2.0/C2D C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 1.8V to 3.6V SUPPLY NET Add decoupling/bypass capacitors close to each voltage supply pin. Please see Section 5 for alternate supply net connection options. VIO can be connected directly to VDD for 3.3V communication. VIO 4.7µF 0.1µF VDD /RST/ C2CK VIO 1KO5KO RESET SIGNAL Add a 1KO-5KO pull-up resistor to VIO. VREGIN USB 1µF Add ESD protection diodes designed for use with USB, such as Littlefuse SP0503BAHT or equivalent. VBUS C2CK P2.0/ C2D GND C2D GND DEBUG SIGNALS Connections needed for optional debug interface GPIO DD+ Unused port pins should be left floating, configured to push-pull output, and driven high. Keep the USB shield ground isolated from the device ground. GND GROUND NET Pin 2 is the only required Ground connection on the device. The ground lug on the bottom of the device is used for heat dissipation, and is optional. Figure 1.2. Typical Bus-Powered Connections for the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326 SUPPLY NET Add decoupling/bypass capacitors close to each voltage supply pin. Please see Section 5 for alternate supply net connection options. 4.7µF 0.1µF VDD /RST/ C2CK RESET SIGNAL Add a 1KO-5KO pull-up resistor to VDD. VREGIN USB Add ESD protection diodes designed for use with USB, such as Littlefuse SP0503BAHT or equivalent. 1KO5KO 1µF VBUS P2.0/ C2D GND C2CK DEBUG SIGNALS C2D Connections needed for optional debug interface GND GPIO DD+ Unused port pins should be left floating, configured to push-pull output, and driven high. Keep the USB shield ground isolated from the device ground. GROUND NET Pin 3 is the only required Ground connection on the device. The ground lug on the bottom of the device is used for heat dissipation, and is optional. GND Figure 1.3. Typical Bus-Powered Connections for the C8051T327 Rev. 1.2 17 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 2. Ordering Information Table 2.1. Product Selection Guide C8051T622-GM 48 16k1 1280 Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 4 Y 16 Y Y QFN24 C8051T623-GM 48 8k1 1280 Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 4 Y 16 Y Y QFN24 C8051T326-GM2 48 16k1 1280 Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 4 Y 15 Y Y QFN28 C8051T327-GM3 48 16k1 1280 Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 4 Y 15 N Y QFN28 Notes: 1. 512 Bytes Reserved for Factory use. 2. Pin compatible with the C8051F326-GM. 3. Pin compatible with the C8051F327-GM. Rev. 1.2 18 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 3. Pin Definitions Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Pin Number Name Type Description ‘T622/3 ‘T326 ‘T327 VDD 6 6 6 Power Supply Voltage. GND 2 2 3 Ground. RST/ 9 9 9 C2CK P2.0/ 10 10 10 C2D D I/O Device Reset. Open-drain output of internal POR or VDD monitor. An external source can initiate a system reset by driving this pin low for at least 10 µs. D I/O Clock signal for the C2 Debug Interface. D I/O Port 2.0. D I/O Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug Interface. REGIN 7 7 7 VBUS 8 8 8 D In VBUS Sense Input. This pin should be connected to the VBUS signal of a USB network. A 5 V signal on this pin indicates a USB network connection. D+ 3 3 4 D I/O USB D+. D- 4 4 5 D I/O USB D–. VIO 5 5 - P0.0 1 1 2 D I/O or Port 0.0. A In P0.1 24 28 1 D I/O or Port 0.1. A In P0.2 23 27 28 D I/O or Port 0.2. A In XTAL1 5 V Regulator Input. This pin is the input to the on-chip voltage regulator. V I/O Supply Voltage Input. The voltage at this pin must be less than or equal to the Core Supply Voltage (VDD). A In External Clock Input. This pin is the external oscillator return for a crystal or resonator. See Oscillator Section. Rev. 1.2 19 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7(Continued) Pin Number Name P0.3/ Type ‘T622/3 ‘T326 ‘T327 22 26 27 XTAL2 D I/O or Port 0.3. A In A Out D In A In External Clock Output. This pin is the excitation driver for an external crystal or resonator. External Clock Input. This pin is the external clock input in external CMOS clock mode. External Clock Input. This pin is the external clock input in capacitor or RC oscillator configurations. See Oscillator Section for complete details. P0.4 21 25 26 D I/O or Port 0.4. A In P0.5 20 24 25 D I/O or Port 0.5. A In P0.6/ 19 23 24 D I/O or Port 0.6. A In P0.7/ 18 22 23 D I/O or Port 0.7 A In P1.0 17 19 19 D I/O or Port 1.0. A In P1.1/ 16 18 18 D I/O or Port 1.1. A In VPP 20 Description A In VPP Programming Supply Voltage P1.2 15 17 17 D I/O or Port 1.2. A In P1.3 14 16 16 D I/O or Port 1.3. A In P1.4 13 12 12 D I/O or Port 1.4. A In P1.5 12 11 11 D I/O or Port 1.5. A In P1.6 11 — — D I/O or Port 1.6. A In Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 P0.0 1 18 P0.7 GND 2 17 P1.0 D+ 3 16 P1.1 / VPP D– 4 15 P1.2 VIO 5 14 P1.3 VDD 6 13 P1.4 C8051T622/3-GM Top View GND Figure 3.1. C8051T622/3 (QFN-24) Pinout Diagram (Top View) Rev. 1.2 21 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 ) P0.0 1 21 N.C. GND 2 20 N.C. D+ 3 19 P1.0 D– 4 18 P1.1 / VPP VIO 5 17 P1.2 VDD 6 16 P1.3 REGIN 7 15 N.C C8051T326-GM Top View GND Figure 3.2. C8051T326 (QFN-28) Pinout Diagram (Top View) 22 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 P0.1 1 21 N.C. P0.0 2 20 N.C. GND 3 19 P1.0 D+ 4 18 P1.1 / VPP D– 5 17 P1.2 VDD 6 16 P1.3 REGIN 7 15 N.C C8051T327-GM Top View GND Figure 3.3. C8051T327 (QFN-28) Pinout Diagram (Top View) Rev. 1.2 23 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 4. QFN-24 Package Specifications Figure 4.1. QFN-24 Package Drawing Table 4.1. QFN-24 Package Dimensions Dimension Min Typ Max Dimension Min Typ Max A A1 b D D2 e E E2 0.70 0.00 0.18 0.75 0.02 0.25 4.00 BSC. 2.70 0.50 BSC. 4.00 BSC. 2.70 0.80 0.05 0.30 L L1 aaa bbb ddd eee Z Y 0.30 0.00 — — — — — — 0.40 — — — — — 0.24 0.18 0.50 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.08 — — 2.55 2.55 2.80 2.80 Notes: 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994. 3. This drawing conforms to JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation WGGD except for custom features D2, E2, Z, Y, and L which are toleranced per supplier designation. 4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body Components. Rev. 1.2 24 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Figure 4.2. QFN-24 Recommended PCB Land Pattern Table 4.2. QFN-24 PCB Land Pattern Dimesions Dimension Min Max Dimension Min Max C1 C2 E X1 3.90 3.90 4.00 4.00 X2 Y1 Y2 2.70 0.65 2.70 2.80 0.75 2.80 0.50 BSC 0.20 0.30 Notes: General 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines. Solder Mask Design 3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the metal pad is to be 60 ™m minimum, all the way around the pad. Stencil Design 4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure good solder paste release. 5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils). 6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads. 7. A 2x2 array of 1.10 mm x 1.10 mm openings on a 1.30 mm pitch should be used for the center pad. Card Assembly 8. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended. 9. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body Components. 25 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 5. QFN-28 Package Specifications Figure 5.1. QFN-28 Package Drawing Table 5.1. QFN-28 Package Dimensions Dimension Min Typ Max Dimension Min Typ Max A A1 A3 b D D2 e E E2 0.80 0.00 0.90 0.02 0.25 REF 0.23 5.00 BSC. 3.15 0.50 BSC. 5.00 BSC. 3.15 1.00 0.05 L L1 aaa bbb ddd eee Z Y 0.35 0.00 0.55 — 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.08 0.44 0.18 0.65 0.15 0.18 2.90 2.90 0.30 3.35 3.35 Notes: 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994. 3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation VHHD except for custom features D2, E2, Z, Y, and L which are toleranced per supplier designation. 4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body Components. Rev. 1.2 26 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Figure 5.2. QFN-28 Recommended PCB Land Pattern Table 5.2. QFN-28 PCB Land Pattern Dimensions Dimension C1 C2 E X1 Min Max Dimension Min Max X2 Y1 Y2 3.20 0.85 3.20 3.30 0.95 3.30 4.80 4.80 0.50 0.20 0.30 Notes: General 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing is per the ANSI Y14.5M-1994 specification. 3. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines. Solder Mask Design 4. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the metal pad is to be 60 ™m minimum, all the way around the pad. Stencil Design 5. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure good solder paste release. 6. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils). 7. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pins. 8. A 3x3 array of 0.90 mm openings on a 1.1mm pitch should be used for the center pad to assure the proper paste volume (67% Paste Coverage). Card Assembly 9. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended. 10. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body Components. 27 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 6. Electrical Characteristics 6.1. Absolute Maximum Specifications Table 6.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Ambient temperature under bias –55 — 125 °C Storage Temperature –65 — 150 °C Voltage on RST or any Port I/O Pin (except VPP during programming) with respect to GND VDD > 2.2 V VDD < 2.2 V –0.3 –0.3 — — 5.8 VDD + 3.6 V Voltage on VBUS with respect to GND. VDD > 3.0 V VDD not powered. –0.3 –0.3 — — 5.8 VDD + 3.6 V –0.3 — 7.0 V — — 10 s –0.3 –0.3 — — 4.2 1.98 V V Maximum Total current through VDD, VIO, REGIN, or GND — — 500 mA Maximum output current sunk by RST or any Port pin — — 100 mA VDD > 2.4 V Voltage on VPP with respect to GND during a programming operation Duration of High-voltage on VPP pin (cumulative) VPP > (VDD + 3.6 V) Voltage on VDD with respect to GND Regulator1 in Normal Mode Regulator1 in Bypass Mode Note: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the devices at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Rev. 1.2 28 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 6.2. Electrical Characteristics Table 6.2. Global Electrical Characteristics –40 to +85 °C, 25 MHz system clock unless otherwise specified. Parameter Min Typ Max Units VDD (Note 1) 1.8 3.0 3.6 V Digital Supply Current with CPU VDD = 1.8 V, Clock = 48 MHz Active VDD = 1.8 V, Clock = 1 MHz — — 8.8 1.5 11.0 — mA mA VDD = 3.45 V, Clock = 48 MHz VDD = 3.45 V, Clock = 1 MHz — — 10.9 1.6 14.0 — mA mA VDD = 3.6 V, Clock = 48 MHz VDD = 3.6 V, Clock = 1 MHz — — 11 1.7 14.1 — mA mA Digital Supply Current with CPU VDD = 1.8 V, Clock = 48 MHz Inactive (not accessing VDD = 1.8 V, Clock = 1 MHz EPROM) — — 4 0.45 5.5 — mA mA VDD = 3.45 V, Clock = 48 MHz VDD = 3.45 V, Clock = 1 MHz — — 4.5 0.48 5.9 — mA mA VDD = 3.6 V, Clock = 48 MHz VDD = 3.6 V, Clock = 1 MHz — — 4.6 0.5 6.0 — mA mA Oscillator not running (stop mode), Internal Regulator Off — .2 — µA Oscillator not running (stop or suspend mode), Internal Regulator On — 440 — µA VDD = 3.6 V, USB Clock = 48 MHz — 11.8 — mA VDD = 3.45 V, USB Clock = 48 MHz — 11.4 — mA Oscillator not running VDD monitor disabled — 60 — µA — 1.5 — V –40 — +85 °C SYSCLK (System Clock) (Note 2) 0 — 48 MHz Tsysl (SYSCLK low time) 9.75 — — ns Tsysh (SYSCLK high time) 9.75 — — ns Digital Supply Current (shutdown) Digital Supply Current for USB Module (USB Active Mode) Digital Supply Current for USB Module (USB Suspend Mode) Conditions Digital Supply RAM Data Retention Voltage Specified Operating Temperature Range Notes: 1. VDD must be at least 3.0 V to support USB operation. 2. SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging. 29 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 6.3. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics VDD = 1.8 to 3.6 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. Parameters Conditions Min Typ Max Units VIO – 0.1 VIO – 0.2 — — — VIO – 0.4 — — — V — — — — — 0.6 0.1 0.4 — V Input High Voltage 0.7 x VIO — — V Input Low Voltage — — 0.6 V –1 — — 25 +1 50 µA Output High Voltage IOH = –10 µA, Port I/O push-pull IOH = –3 mA, Port I/O push-pull IOH = –10 mA, Port I/O push-pull Output Low Voltage Input Leakage Current IOL = 10 µA IOL = 8.5 mA IOL = 25 mA Weak Pullup Off Weak Pullup On, VIN = 0 V Table 6.4. Reset Electrical Characteristics –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units RST Output Low Voltage IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 1.8 V to 3.6 V — — 0.6 V RST Input High Voltage 0.75 x VIO — — V RST Input Low Voltage — — 0.6 V — 25 50 µA 1.7 1.75 1.8 V 500 625 800 µs — — 60 µs 15 — — µs — 50 — µs — 20 30 µA RST Input Pullup Current RST = 0.0 V VDD POR Threshold (VRST) Missing Clock Detector Timeout Time from last system clock rising edge to reset initiation Reset Time Delay Delay between release of any reset source and code execution at location 0x0000 Minimum RST Low Time to Generate a System Reset VDD Monitor Turn-on Time VDD = VRST – 0.1 v VDD Monitor Supply Current Rev. 1.2 30 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 6.5. Internal Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units 2.7 — 5.25 V 3.3 3.45 3.6 V — — 100 mA 2.5 — — V Voltage Regulator (REG0) Input Voltage Range1, 3 Output Output Voltage (VDD)2 Current2 Output Current = 1 to 100 mA VBUS Detection Input Threshold Bias Current Normal Mode (REG0MD = 0) Low Power Mode (REG0MD = 1) — — 83 43 99 55 µA Dropout Voltage (VDO)3 IDD = 1 mA IDD = 100 mA — — 1 100 — — mV 1.8 — 3.6 V — — 340 — 425 185 µA Voltage Regulator (REG1) Input Voltage Range Bias Current Normal Mode (REG1MD = 0) Low Power Mode (REG1MD = 1) Notes: 1. Input range specified for regulation. When an external regulator is used, should be tied to VDD. 2. Output current is total regulator output, including any current required by the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7. 3. The minimum input voltage is 2.7 V or VDD + VDO (max load), whichever is greater. Table 6.6. EPROM Electrical Characteristics Parameter Conditions EPROM Size C8051T622/326/327 (Note 1) C8051T623 Write Cycle Time (per Byte) (Note 2) In-Application Programming Write Cycle Time (per Byte) (Note 3) Capacitor on VPP = 4.7 µF and fully discharged Capacitor on VPP = 4.7 µF and initially charged to 3.3 V Programming Voltage (VPP) Capacitor on VPP for In-application Programming Min Typ Max Units 16384 8192 — — — — Bytes 105 155 205 µs — 37 — ms — 26 — ms 5.75 6.0 6.25 V — 4.7 — µF Notes: 1. 512 bytes at location 0x3E00 to 0x3FFF are not available for program storage 2. For devices with a Date Code prior to 1111, the programming time over the C2 interface is twice as long. 3. Duration of write time is largely dependent on VIO voltage, supply voltage, and residual charge on the VPP capacitor. The majority of the write time consists of charging the voltage on VPP to 6.0 V. These measurements include the VPP ramp time and VDD = VIO = 3.3 V 31 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 6.7. Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics VDD = 2.7 to 3.6 V; TA = –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified; Using factory-calibrated settings. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Oscillator Frequency IFCN = 11b 47.28 48 48.72 MHz Oscillator Supply Current (from VDD) 25 °C, VDD = 3.0 V, OSCICN.7 = 1, OSCICN.5 = 0 — 900 1000 µA Power Supply Sensitivity Constant Temperature — ±0.02 — %/V Temperature Sensitivity Constant Supply — ±20 — ppm / °C Note: Represents mean ±1 standard deviation. Table 6.8. Internal Low-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics VDD = 2.7 to 3.6 V; TA = –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified; Using factory-calibrated settings. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Oscillator Frequency OSCLD = 11b 72 80 88 kHz Oscillator Supply Current (from VDD) 25 °C, VDD = 3.0 V, OSCLCN.7 = 1 — 3 6 µA Power Supply Sensitivity Constant Temperature — ±0.09 — %/V Temperature Sensitivity Constant Supply — ±30 — ppm/°C Min Typ Max Units .02 — 30 MHz 0 — 48 MHz Note: Represents mean ±1 standard deviation. Table 6.9. External Oscillator Electrical Characteristics VDD = 2.7 to 3.6 V; TA = –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions External Crystal Frequency External CMOS Oscillator Frequency Rev. 1.2 32 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 6.10. USB Transceiver Electrical Characteristic VDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Output High Voltage (VOH) 2.8 — — V Output Low Voltage (VOL) — — 0.8 V Output Crossover Point (VCRS) 1.3 — 2.0 V — — 36 36 — — 1.425 1.5 1.575 Transmitter Output Impedance (ZDRV) Driving High Driving Low Pull-up Resistance (RPU) Full Speed (D+ Pull-up) Low Speed (D- Pull-up) Output Rise Time (TR) Low Speed Full Speed 75 4 — — 300 20 ns Output Fall Time (TF) Low Speed Full Speed 75 4 — — 300 20 ns | (D+) - (D-) | 0.2 — — V 0.8 — 2.5 V — 2.0 MHz), up to 20 clocks may be "skipped" to ensure that the EPROM power is stable before reading memory. Rev. 1.2 39 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 8. CIP-51 Microcontroller The MCU system controller core is the CIP-51 microcontroller. The CIP-51 is fully compatible with the MCS-51™ instruction set; standard 803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop software. The MCU family has a superset of all the peripherals included with a standard 8051. The CIP-51 also includes on-chip debug hardware (see description in Section 25), and interfaces directly with the analog and digital subsystems providing a complete data acquisition or control-system solution in a single integrated circuit. The CIP-51 Microcontroller core implements the standard 8051 organization and peripherals as well as additional custom peripherals and functions to extend its capability (see Figure 8.1 for a block diagram). The CIP-51 includes the following features: Fully Compatible with MCS-51 Instruction Set 48 MIPS Peak Throughput with 48 MHz Clock 0 to 48 MHz Clock Frequency Extended Interrupt Handler Reset Input Power Management Modes On-chip Debug Logic Program and Data Memory Security Performance The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the standard 8051 architecture. In a standard 8051, all instructions except for MUL and DIV take 12 or 24 system clock cycles to execute, and usually have a maximum system clock of 12 MHz. By contrast, the CIP-51 core executes 70% of its instructions in one or two system clock cycles, with no instructions taking more than eight system clock cycles. DATA BUS ACCUMULATOR B REGISTER TMP1 STACK POINTER TMP2 SRAM ADDRESS REGISTER PSW ALU SRAM DATA BUS SFR_ADDRESS BUFFER D8 DATA POINTER D8 D8 SFR BUS INTERFACE SFR_CONTROL SFR_WRITE_DATA SFR_READ_DATA PC INCREMENTER MEM_ADDRESS D8 PROGRAM COUNTER (PC) MEM_CONTROL PRGM. ADDRESS REG. A16 MEMORY INTERFACE MEM_WRITE_DATA MEM_READ_DATA PIPELINE RESET D8 CONTROL LOGIC SYSTEM_IRQs CLOCK D8 STOP IDLE POWER CONTROL REGISTER INTERRUPT INTERFACE EMULATION_IRQ D8 Figure 8.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram Rev. 1.2 40 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 With the CIP-51's maximum system clock at 48 MHz, it has a peak throughput of 48 MIPS. The CIP-51 has a total of 109 instructions. The table below shows the total number of instructions that require each execution time. Clocks to Execute 1 2 2/4 3 3/5 4 5 4/6 6 8 Number of Instructions 26 50 5 10 7 5 2 1 2 1 Programming and Debugging Support In-system programming of the EPROM program memory and communication with on-chip debug support logic is accomplished via the Silicon Labs 2-Wire Development Interface (C2). The on-chip debug support logic facilitates full speed in-circuit debugging, allowing the setting of hardware breakpoints, starting, stopping and single stepping through program execution (including interrupt service routines), examination of the program's call stack, and reading/writing the contents of registers and memory. This method of on-chip debugging is completely non-intrusive, requiring no RAM, Stack, timers, or other on-chip resources. C2 details can be found in Section “25. C2 Interface” on page 244. The CIP-51 is supported by development tools from Silicon Labs and third party vendors. Silicon Labs provides an integrated development environment (IDE) including editor, debugger and programmer. The IDE's debugger and programmer interface to the CIP-51 via the C2 interface to provide fast and efficient in-system device programming and debugging. Third party macro assemblers and C compilers are also available. 8.1. Instruction Set The instruction set of the CIP-51 System Controller is fully compatible with the standard MCS-51™ instruction set. Standard 8051 development tools can be used to develop software for the CIP-51. All CIP-51 instructions are the binary and functional equivalent of their MCS-51™ counterparts, including opcodes, addressing modes and effect on PSW flags. However, instruction timing is different than that of the standard 8051. 8.1.1. Instruction and CPU Timing In many 8051 implementations, a distinction is made between machine cycles and clock cycles, with machine cycles varying from 2 to 12 clock cycles in length. However, the CIP-51 implementation is based solely on clock cycle timing. All instruction timings are specified in terms of clock cycles. Due to the pipelined architecture of the CIP-51, most instructions execute in the same number of clock cycles as there are program bytes in the instruction. Conditional branch instructions take one less clock cycle to complete when the branch is not taken as opposed to when the branch is taken. Table 8.1 is the CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary, which includes the mnemonic, number of bytes, and number of clock cycles for each instruction. 41 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 8.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary Mnemonic Description Bytes Clock Cycles Add register to A Add direct byte to A Add indirect RAM to A Add immediate to A Add register to A with carry Add direct byte to A with carry Add indirect RAM to A with carry Add immediate to A with carry Subtract register from A with borrow Subtract direct byte from A with borrow Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow Subtract immediate from A with borrow Increment A Increment register Increment direct byte Increment indirect RAM Decrement A Decrement register Decrement direct byte Decrement indirect RAM Increment Data Pointer Multiply A and B Divide A by B Decimal adjust A 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 8 1 AND Register to A AND direct byte to A AND indirect RAM to A AND immediate to A AND A to direct byte AND immediate to direct byte OR Register to A OR direct byte to A OR indirect RAM to A OR immediate to A OR A to direct byte OR immediate to direct byte Exclusive-OR Register to A Exclusive-OR direct byte to A Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A Exclusive-OR immediate to A Exclusive-OR A to direct byte 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 Arithmetic Operations ADD A, Rn ADD A, direct ADD A, @Ri ADD A, #data ADDC A, Rn ADDC A, direct ADDC A, @Ri ADDC A, #data SUBB A, Rn SUBB A, direct SUBB A, @Ri SUBB A, #data INC A INC Rn INC direct INC @Ri DEC A DEC Rn DEC direct DEC @Ri INC DPTR MUL AB DIV AB DA A Logical Operations ANL A, Rn ANL A, direct ANL A, @Ri ANL A, #data ANL direct, A ANL direct, #data ORL A, Rn ORL A, direct ORL A, @Ri ORL A, #data ORL direct, A ORL direct, #data XRL A, Rn XRL A, direct XRL A, @Ri XRL A, #data XRL direct, A Rev. 1.2 42 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 8.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary(Continued) Mnemonic XRL direct, #data CLR A CPL A RL A RLC A RR A RRC A SWAP A Description Bytes Exclusive-OR immediate to direct byte Clear A Complement A Rotate A left Rotate A left through Carry Rotate A right Rotate A right through Carry Swap nibbles of A 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Clock Cycles 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Move Register to A Move direct byte to A Move indirect RAM to A Move immediate to A Move A to Register Move direct byte to Register Move immediate to Register Move A to direct byte Move Register to direct byte Move direct byte to direct byte Move indirect RAM to direct byte Move immediate to direct byte Move A to indirect RAM Move direct byte to indirect RAM Move immediate to indirect RAM Load DPTR with 16-bit constant Move code byte relative DPTR to A Move code byte relative PC to A Move external data (8-bit address) to A Move A to external data (8-bit address) Move external data (16-bit address) to A Move A to external data (16-bit address) Push direct byte onto stack Pop direct byte from stack Exchange Register with A Exchange direct byte with A Exchange indirect RAM with A Exchange low nibble of indirect RAM with A 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 Clear Carry Clear direct bit Set Carry Set direct bit Complement Carry Complement direct bit 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Data Transfer MOV A, Rn MOV A, direct MOV A, @Ri MOV A, #data MOV Rn, A MOV Rn, direct MOV Rn, #data MOV direct, A MOV direct, Rn MOV direct, direct MOV direct, @Ri MOV direct, #data MOV @Ri, A MOV @Ri, direct MOV @Ri, #data MOV DPTR, #data16 MOVC A, @A+DPTR MOVC A, @A+PC MOVX A, @Ri MOVX @Ri, A MOVX A, @DPTR MOVX @DPTR, A PUSH direct POP direct XCH A, Rn XCH A, direct XCH A, @Ri XCHD A, @Ri Boolean Manipulation CLR C CLR bit SETB C SETB bit CPL C CPL bit 43 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 8.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary(Continued) Mnemonic ANL C, bit ANL C, /bit ORL C, bit ORL C, /bit MOV C, bit MOV bit, C JC rel JNC rel JB bit, rel JNB bit, rel JBC bit, rel Description Bytes AND direct bit to Carry AND complement of direct bit to Carry OR direct bit to carry OR complement of direct bit to Carry Move direct bit to Carry Move Carry to direct bit Jump if Carry is set Jump if Carry is not set Jump if direct bit is set Jump if direct bit is not set Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 Clock Cycles 2 2 2 2 2 2 2/4 2/4 3/5 3/5 3/5 Absolute subroutine call Long subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from interrupt Absolute jump Long jump Short jump (relative address) Jump indirect relative to DPTR Jump if A equals zero Jump if A does not equal zero Compare direct byte to A and jump if not equal Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal Compare immediate to Register and jump if not equal Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not equal Decrement Register and jump if not zero Decrement direct byte and jump if not zero No operation 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 4 5 4 4 2/4 2/4 3/5 3/5 3/5 3 4/6 2 3 1 2/4 3/5 1 Program Branching ACALL addr11 LCALL addr16 RET RETI AJMP addr11 LJMP addr16 SJMP rel JMP @A+DPTR JZ rel JNZ rel CJNE A, direct, rel CJNE A, #data, rel CJNE Rn, #data, rel CJNE @Ri, #data, rel DJNZ Rn, rel DJNZ direct, rel NOP Rev. 1.2 44 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Notes on Registers, Operands and Addressing Modes: Rn - Register R0–R7 of the currently selected register bank. @Ri - Data RAM location addressed indirectly through R0 or R1. rel - 8-bit, signed (two’s complement) offset relative to the first byte of the following instruction. Used by SJMP and all conditional jumps. direct - 8-bit internal data location’s address. This could be a direct-access Data RAM location (0x00– 0x7F) or an SFR (0x80–0xFF). #data - 8-bit constant #data16 - 16-bit constant bit - Direct-accessed bit in Data RAM or SFR addr11 - 11-bit destination address used by ACALL and AJMP. The destination must be within the same 2 kB page of program memory as the first byte of the following instruction. addr16 - 16-bit destination address used by LCALL and LJMP. The destination may be anywhere within the 8 kB program memory space. There is one unused opcode (0xA5) that performs the same function as NOP. All mnemonics copyrighted © Intel Corporation 1980. 8.2. CIP-51 Register Descriptions Following are descriptions of SFRs related to the operation of the CIP-51 System Controller. Reserved bits should always be written to the value indicated in the SFR description. Future product versions may use these bits to implement new features in which case the reset value of the bit will be the indicated value, selecting the feature's default state. Detailed descriptions of the remaining SFRs are included in the sections of the datasheet associated with their corresponding system function. 45 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 8.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte Bit 7 6 5 4 Name DPL[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0x82 Bit Name 7:0 DPL[7:0] 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Function Data Pointer Low. The DPL register is the low byte of the 16-bit DPTR. SFR Definition 8.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte Bit 7 6 5 4 Name DPH[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0x83 Bit Name 7:0 DPH[7:0] Function Data Pointer High. The DPH register is the high byte of the 16-bit DPTR. Rev. 1.2 46 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 8.3. SP: Stack Pointer Bit 7 6 5 4 Name SP[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0x81 Bit Name 7:0 SP[7:0] 3 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 Function Stack Pointer. The Stack Pointer holds the location of the top of the stack. The stack pointer is incremented before every PUSH operation. The SP register defaults to 0x07 after reset. SFR Definition 8.4. ACC: Accumulator Bit 7 6 5 4 Name ACC[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xE0; Bit-Addressable Bit Name 7:0 ACC[7:0] 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Function Accumulator. This register is the accumulator for arithmetic operations. SFR Definition 8.5. B: B Register Bit 7 6 5 4 Name B[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xF0; Bit-Addressable Bit Name 7:0 B[7:0] 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Function B Register. This register serves as a second accumulator for certain arithmetic operations. 47 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 8.6. PSW: Program Status Word Bit 7 6 5 Name CY AC F0 Type R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 4 3 2 1 0 RS[1:0] OV F1 PARITY R/W R/W R/W R 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xD0; Bit-Addressable Bit Name 7 CY 0 Function Carry Flag. This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry (addition) or a borrow (subtraction). It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations. 6 AC Auxiliary Carry Flag. This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry into (addition) or a borrow from (subtraction) the high order nibble. It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations. 5 F0 User Flag 0. This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control. 4:3 RS[1:0] Register Bank Select. These bits select which register bank is used during register accesses. 00: Bank 0, Addresses 0x00-0x07 01: Bank 1, Addresses 0x08-0x0F 10: Bank 2, Addresses 0x10-0x17 11: Bank 3, Addresses 0x18-0x1F 2 OV Overflow Flag. This bit is set to 1 under the following circumstances: An ADD, ADDC, or SUBB instruction causes a sign-change overflow. A MUL instruction results in an overflow (result is greater than 255). A DIV instruction causes a divide-by-zero condition. The OV bit is cleared to 0 by the ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions in all other cases. 1 F1 User Flag 1. This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control. 0 PARITY Parity Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 if the sum of the eight bits in the accumulator is odd and cleared if the sum is even. Rev. 1.2 48 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 9. Prefetch Engine The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 family of devices incorporate a 2-byte prefetch engine. Because the access time of the EPROM memory is 40 ns, and the minimum instruction time is roughly 20 ns, the prefetch engine is necessary for code execution above 25 MHz. When operating at speeds greater than 25 MHz, the prefetch engine must be enabled by setting PFE0CN.PFEN to 1. Instructions are read from EPROM memory two bytes at a time by the prefetch engine and given to the CIP-51 processor core to execute. When running linear code (code without any jumps or branches), the prefetch engine allows instructions to be executed at full speed. When a code branch occurs, the processor may be stalled for up to two clock cycles while the next set of code bytes is retrieved from EPROM memory. Note: The prefetch engine should be disabled when the device is in suspend mode to save power. SFR Definition 9.1. PFE0CN: Prefetch Engine Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PFEN Name Type R R R/W R R R R R Reset 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xAF Bit Name 7:6 Unused 5 PFEN Function Unused. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care. Prefetch Enable. This bit enables the prefetch engine. 0: Prefetch engine is disabled. 1: Prefetch engine is enabled. 4:0 Unused Unused. Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. Rev. 1.2 49 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 10. Memory Organization The memory organization of the CIP-51 System Controller is similar to that of a standard 8051. There are two separate memory spaces: program memory and data memory. Program and data memory share the same address space but are accessed via different instruction types. The memory organization of the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 device family is shown in Figure 10.1 PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY (EPROM) C8051T622 and ‘T326/7 0xFF 0x3FFF 0x3E00 DATA MEMORY (RAM) INTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE RESERVED 0x80 0x7F 0x3DFF Upper 128 RAM (Indirect Addressing Only) (Direct and Indirect Addressing) 16k Bytes EPROM Memory 0x30 0x2F 0x20 0x1F 0x00 Bit Addressable Special Function Register's (Direct Addressing Only) Lower 128 RAM (Direct and Indirect Addressing) General Purpose Registers 0x0000 EXTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE C8051T623 0x3FFF 0x2000 0x1FFF RESERVED 0xFFFF Same 1024 bytes as from 0x0000 to 0x03FF, wrapped on 1024-byte boundaries 8k Bytes EPROM Memory 0x0400 0x03FF 0x0000 USB FIFOs 256 Bytes 0x0000 0x04FF 0x0400 XRAM - 1024 Bytes (accessable using MOVX instruction) Figure 10.1. Memory Map 10.1. Program Memory The CIP-51 core has a 64 kB program memory space. The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 implements 16384 or 8192 bytes of this program memory space as in-system byte-programmable EPROM organized in a contiguous block from addresses 0x0000 to 0x3FFF or 0x0000 to 0x1FFF. Note: 512 bytes (0x3E00 – 0x3FFF) of this memory are reserved for factory use and are not available for user program storage. C2 Register Definition 10.2 shows the program memory maps for C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices. Rev. 1.2 50 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 C8051T622 and ‘T326/7 C8051T623 Serial Number Unused 0x3FFF 0x3FFC 0x3FFB 0x3FFA Unused 0x3FFF 0x3FFC 0x3FFB 0x3FFA Derivative ID 0x3FF9 Derivative ID 0x3FF9 Security Byte 0x3FF8 Security Byte 0x3FF8 Reserved 0x3FF7 0x3E00 0x3DFF Reserved 0x3FF7 0x2000 0x1FFF Serial Number 15872 Bytes EPROM Memory 8192 Bytes EPROM Memory 0x0000 0x0000 Figure 10.2. Program Memory Map Program memory is read-only from within firmware. Individual program memory bytes can be read using the MOVC instruction. This facilitates the use of byte-programmable EPROM space for constant storage. 10.1.1. Derivative ID To distinguish between individual derivatives in the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 device family, the Derivative ID is located at address 0x3FF9 in EPROM memory. The Derivative ID for the devices in the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 are as follows: Device Derivative ID C8051T622 C8051T623 C8051T326 C8051T327 0xBA 0xBB 0xBC 0xBD 10.1.2. Serialization All C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices have a factory serialization located in EPROM memory. This value is unique to each device. The serial number is located at addresses 0x3FFC-0x3FFF and can be accessed like any constant array in program memory. 10.2. Data Memory The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 device family includes 1280 bytes of RAM data memory. 256 bytes of this memory is mapped into the internal RAM space of the 8051. 1024 bytes of this memory is on-chip “external” memory. The data memory map is shown in Figure 10.1 for reference. 10.2.1. Internal RAM There are 256 bytes of internal RAM mapped into the data memory space from 0x00 through 0xFF. The lower 128 bytes of data memory are used for general purpose registers and scratch pad memory. Either direct or indirect addressing may be used to access the lower 128 bytes of data memory. Locations 0x00 through 0x1F are addressable as four banks of general purpose registers, each bank consisting of eight 51 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 byte-wide registers. The next 16 bytes, locations 0x20 through 0x2F, may either be addressed as bytes or as 128 bit locations accessible with the direct addressing mode. The upper 128 bytes of data memory are accessible only by indirect addressing. This region occupies the same address space as the Special Function Registers (SFR) but is physically separate from the SFR space. The addressing mode used by an instruction when accessing locations above 0x7F determines whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes of data memory space or the SFRs. Instructions that use direct addressing will access the SFR space. Instructions using indirect addressing above 0x7F access the upper 128 bytes of data memory. Figure 10.1 illustrates the data memory organization of the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7. 10.2.1.1. General Purpose Registers The lower 32 bytes of data memory, locations 0x00 through 0x1F, may be addressed as four banks of general-purpose registers. Each bank consists of eight byte-wide registers designated R0 through R7. Only one of these banks may be enabled at a time. Two bits in the program status word, RS0 (PSW.3) and RS1 (PSW.4), select the active register bank (see description of the PSW in SFR Definition 8.6). This allows fast context switching when entering subroutines and interrupt service routines. Indirect addressing modes use registers R0 and R1 as index registers. 10.2.1.2. Bit Addressable Locations In addition to direct access to data memory organized as bytes, the sixteen data memory locations at 0x20 through 0x2F are also accessible as 128 individually addressable bits. Each bit has a bit address from 0x00 to 0x7F. Bit 0 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x00 while bit7 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x07. Bit 7 of the byte at 0x2F has bit address 0x7F. A bit access is distinguished from a full byte access by the type of instruction used (bit source or destination operands as opposed to a byte source or destination). The MCS-51™ assembly language allows an alternate notation for bit addressing of the form XX.B where XX is the byte address and B is the bit position within the byte. For example, the instruction: 13: 'L moves the Boolean value at 0x13 (bit 3 of the byte at location 0x22) into the Carry flag. 10.2.1.3. Stack A programmer's stack can be located anywhere in the 256-byte data memory. The stack area is designated using the Stack Pointer (SP) SFR. The SP will point to the last location used. The next value pushed on the stack is placed at SP+1 and then SP is incremented. A reset initializes the stack pointer to location 0x07. Therefore, the first value pushed on the stack is placed at location 0x08, which is also the first register (R0) of register bank 1. Thus, if more than one register bank is to be used, the SP should be initialized to a location in the data memory not being used for data storage. The stack depth can extend up to 256 bytes. 10.2.2. External RAM There are 1024 bytes of on-chip RAM mapped into the external data memory space. All of these address locations may be accessed using the external move instruction (MOVX) and the data pointer (DPTR), or using MOVX indirect addressing mode. If the MOVX instruction is used with an 8-bit address operand (such as @R1), then the high byte of the 16-bit address is provided by the External Memory Interface Control Register (EMI0CN as shown in SFR Definition 10.1). For a 16-bit MOVX operation (@DPTR), the upper 6 bits of the 16-bit external data memory address word are "don't cares" (when USBFAE is cleared to 0). As a result, the 1024-byte RAM is mapped modulo style over the entire 64 k external data memory address range. For example, the XRAM byte at address 0x0000 is shadowed at addresses 0x0400, 0x0800, 0x0C00, 0x1000, etc. This is a useful feature when performing Rev. 1.2 52 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 a linear memory fill, as the address pointer doesn't have to be reset when reaching the RAM block boundary. SFR Definition 10.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PGSEL[2:0] Name Type R R R R R R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xAA Bit Name Function 7:3 UNUSED Unused. Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t Care 2:0 PGSEL[2:0] XRAM Page Select. The EMI0CN register provides the high byte of the 16-bit external data memory address when using an 8-bit MOVX command, effectively selecting a 256-byte page of RAM. Since the upper (unused) bits of the register are always zero, the PGSEL determines which page of XRAM is accessed. For Example: If EMI0CN = 0x01, addresses 0x0100 through 0x01FF will be accessed. 10.2.3. Accessing USB FIFO Space The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 include 256 bytes of RAM which functions as USB FIFO space. Figure 10.3 shows an expanded view of the FIFO space and user XRAM. FIFO space is normally accessed via USB FIFO registers; see Section “18.5. FIFO Management” on page 124 for more information on accessing these FIFOs. The MOVX instruction should not be used to load or modify USB data in the FIFO space. Unused areas of the USB FIFO space may be used as general purpose XRAM if necessary. The FIFO block operates on the USB clock domain; thus the USB clock must be active when accessing FIFO space. Note that the number of SYSCLK cycles required by the MOVX instruction is increased when accessing USB FIFO space. To access the FIFO RAM directly using MOVX instructions, the following conditions must be met: (1) the USBFAE bit in register EMI0CF must be set to '1', and (2) the USB clock frequency must be greater than or equal to twice the SYSCLK (USBCLK > 2 x SYSCLK). When this bit is set, the USB FIFO space is mapped into XRAM space at addresses 0x0400 to 0x04FF. The normal on-chip XRAM at the same addresses cannot be accessed when the USBFAE bit is set to 1. Important Note: The USB clock must be active when accessing FIFO space. 53 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 0xFFFF On-Chip XRAM 0x0500 0x04FF Endpoint0 (64 bytes) 0x04C0 0x04BF USB FIFO Space Endpoint1 (128 bytes) (USB Clock Domain) 0x0440 0x043F Endpoint2 (64 bytes) 0x0400 0x03FF On-Chip XRAM 0x0000 Figure 10.3. USB FIFO Space and XRAM Memory Map with USBFAE set to 1 Rev. 1.2 54 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 10.2. EMI0CF: External Memory Configuration Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 USBFAE Name Type R R/W R R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 SFR Address = 0x85 Bit Name Function 7 Unused Unused. Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care 6 USBFAE USB FIFO Access Enable. 0: USB FIFO RAM not available through MOVX instructions. 1: USB FIFO RAM available using MOVX instructions. The 256 bytes of USB RAM will be mapped in XRAM space at addresses 0x0400 to 0x04FF. The USB clock must be active and greater than or equal to twice the SYSCLK (USBCLK > 2 x SYSCLK) to access this area with MOVX instructions. 5:0 55 Unused Unused. Read = 000011b; Write = Don’t Care Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 11. Special Function Registers The direct-access data memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF constitute the special function registers (SFRs). The SFRs provide control and data exchange with the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7's resources and peripherals. The CIP-51 controller core duplicates the SFRs found in a typical 8051 implementation as well as implementing additional SFRs used to configure and access the sub-systems unique to the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7. This allows the addition of new functionality while retaining compatibility with the MCS-51™ instruction set. Table 11.1 lists the SFRs implemented in the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 device family. The SFR registers are accessed anytime the direct addressing mode is used to access memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF. SFRs with addresses ending in 0x0 or 0x8 (e.g. P0, TCON, SCON0, IE, etc.) are bitaddressable as well as byte-addressable. All other SFRs are byte-addressable only. Unoccupied addresses in the SFR space are reserved for future use. Accessing these areas will have an indeterminate effect and should be avoided. Refer to the corresponding pages of the data sheet, as indicated in Table 11.2, for a detailed description of each register. Table 11.1. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map F8 F0 E8 E0 D8 D0 C8 C0 B8 B0 A8 A0 98 90 88 80 SPI0CN B ACC PCA0CN PSW TMR2CN SMB0CN IP IE P2 SCON0 P1 TCON P0 0(8) PCA0L P0MDIN PCA0CPL1 XBR0 PCA0MD REG01CN SMB0CF CLKMUL OSCXCN CLKSEL SPI0CFG SBUF0 TMR3CN TMOD SP 1(9) PCA0H PCA0CPL0 PCA0CPH0 — — P1MDIN — PCA0PWM IAPCN EIP1 PCA0CPH1 PCA0CPL2 PCA0CPH2 — — XBR1 XBR2 IT01CF SMOD1 EIE1 PCA0CPM0 PCA0CPM1 PCA0CPM2 — — SCON1 SBUF1 P0SKIP P1SKIP — TMR2RLL TMR2RLH TMR2L TMR2H — SMB0DAT — — — — P1MASK — — — — OSCICN OSCICL SBRLL1 SBRLH1 P1MAT EMI0CN SBCON1 P0MASK SPI0CKR SPI0DAT P0MDOUT P1MDOUT P2MDOUT — — — — — TMR3RLL TMR3RLH TMR3L TMR3H USB0ADR TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1 CKCON DPL DPH P0MAT EMI0CF OSCLCN 2(A) 3(B) 4(C) 5(D) 6(E) VDM0CN EIP2 RSTSRC EIE2 — USB0XCN SMB0ADM SMB0ADR — MEMKEY PFE0CN — — USB0DAT PSCTL PCON 7(F) Note: SFR Addresses ending in 0x0 or 0x8 are bit-addressable locations and can be used with bitwise instructions. Rev. 1.2 56 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 11.2. Special Function Registers SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved Register Address Description Page ACC 0xE0 Accumulator 47 B 0xF0 B Register 47 CKCON 0x8E Clock Control 203 CLKMUL 0xB9 Clock Multiplier Control 91 CLKSEL 0xA9 Clock Select 88 DPH 0x83 Data Pointer High 46 DPL 0x82 Data Pointer Low 46 EIE1 0xE6 Extended Interrupt Enable 1 65 EIE2 0xE7 Extended Interrupt Enable 2 67 EIP1 0xF6 Extended Interrupt Priority 1 66 EIP2 0xF7 Extended Interrupt Priority 2 68 EMI0CF 0x85 External Memory Configuration 55 EMI0CN 0xAA External Memory Interface Control 53 IAPCN 0xF5 In-Application Programming Control 76 IE 0xA8 Interrupt Enable 63 IP 0xB8 Interrupt Priority 64 IT01CF 0xE4 INT0/INT1 Configuration 70 MEMKEY 0xB7 EPROM Memory Lock and Key 75 OSCICL 0xB3 Internal Oscillator Calibration 89 OSCICN 0xB2 Internal Oscillator Control 90 OSCLCN 0x86 Low-Frequency Oscillator Control 92 OSCXCN 0xB1 External Oscillator Control 96 P0 0x80 Port 0 Latch 110 P0MASK 0xAE Port 0 Mask Configuration 108 P0MAT 0x84 Port 0 Match Configuration 108 P0MDIN 0xF1 Port 0 Input Mode Configuration 111 P0MDOUT 0xA4 Port 0 Output Mode Configuration 111 P0SKIP 0xD4 Port 0 Skip 112 P1 0x90 Port 1 Latch 112 P1MASK 0xBA Port 1Mask Configuration 109 P1MAT 0xB6 Port 1 Match Configuration 109 P1MDIN 0xF2 Port 1 Input Mode Configuration 113 P1MDOUT 0xA5 Port 1 Output Mode Configuration 113 57 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 11.2. Special Function Registers (Continued) SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved Register Address Description Page P1SKIP 0xD5 Port 1 Skip 114 P2 0xA0 Port 2 Latch 114 P2MDOUT 0xA6 Port 2 Output Mode Configuration 115 PCA0CN 0xD8 PCA Control 238 PCA0CPH0 0xFC PCA Capture 0 High 243 PCA0CPH1 0xEA PCA Capture 1 High 243 PCA0CPH2 0xEC PCA Capture 2 High 243 PCA0CPL0 0xFB PCA Capture 0 Low 243 PCA0CPL1 0xE9 PCA Capture 1 Low 243 PCA0CPL2 0xEB PCA Capture 2 Low 243 PCA0CPM0 0xDA PCA Module 0 Mode Register 241 PCA0CPM1 0xDB PCA Module 1 Mode Register 241 PCA0CPM2 0xDC PCA Module 2 Mode Register 241 PCA0H 0xFA PCA Counter High 242 PCA0L 0xF9 PCA Counter Low 242 PCA0MD 0xD9 PCA Mode 239 PCA0PWM 0xF4 PCA PWM Configuration 240 PCON 0x87 Power Control 79 PFE0CN 0xAF Prefetch Engine Control 49 PSCTL 0x8F Program Store R/W Control 75 PSW 0xD0 Program Status Word 48 REG01CN 0xC9 Voltage Regulator Control 39 RSTSRC 0xEF Reset Source Configuration/Status 85 SBCON1 0xAC UART1 Baud Rate Generator Control 187 SBRLH1 0xB5 UART1 Baud Rate Generator High Byte 187 SBRLL1 0xB4 UART1 Baud Rate Generator Low Byte 188 SBUF0 0x99 UART0 Data Buffer 177 SBUF1 0xD3 UART1 Data Buffer 186 SCON0 0x98 UART0 Control 176 SCON1 0xD2 UART1 Control 184 SMB0ADM 0xCF SMBus Slave Address Mask 160 SMB0ADR 0xC7 SMBus Slave Address 159 SMB0CF 0xC1 SMBus Configuration 155 SMB0CN 0xC0 SMBus Control 157 Rev. 1.2 58 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 11.2. Special Function Registers (Continued) SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved Register Address Description Page SMB0DAT 0xC2 SMBus Data 161 SMOD1 0xE5 UART1 Mode 185 SP 0x81 Stack Pointer 47 SPI0CFG 0xA1 SPI Configuration 196 SPI0CKR 0xA2 SPI Clock Rate Control 198 SPI0CN 0xF8 SPI Control 197 SPI0DAT 0xA3 SPI Data 198 TCON 0x88 Timer/Counter Control 208 TH0 0x8C Timer/Counter 0 High 211 TH1 0x8D Timer/Counter 1 High 211 TL0 0x8A Timer/Counter 0 Low 210 TL1 0x8B Timer/Counter 1 Low 210 TMOD 0x89 Timer/Counter Mode 209 TMR2CN 0xC8 Timer/Counter 2 Control 215 TMR2H 0xCD Timer/Counter 2 High 217 TMR2L 0xCC Timer/Counter 2 Low 216 TMR2RLH 0xCB Timer/Counter 2 Reload High 216 TMR2RLL 0xCA Timer/Counter 2 Reload Low 216 TMR3CN 0x91 Timer/Counter 3Control 221 TMR3H 0x95 Timer/Counter 3 High 223 TMR3L 0x94 Timer/Counter 3Low 222 TMR3RLH 0x93 Timer/Counter 3 Reload High 222 TMR3RLL 0x92 Timer/Counter 3 Reload Low 222 USB0ADR 0x96 USB0 Indirect Address 120 USB0DAT 0x97 USB0 Data 121 USB0XCN 0xD7 USB0 Transceiver Control 118 VDM0CN 0xFF VDD Monitor Control 83 XBR0 0xE1 Port I/O Crossbar Control 0 105 XBR1 0xE2 Port I/O Crossbar Control 1 106 XBR2 0xE3 Port I/O Crossbar Control 2 107 59 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 12. Interrupts The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 include an extended interrupt system supporting a total of 14 interrupt sources with two priority levels. The allocation of interrupt sources between on-chip peripherals and external inputs pins varies according to the specific version of the device. Each interrupt source has one or more associated interrupt-pending flag(s) located in an SFR. When a peripheral or external source meets a valid interrupt condition, the associated interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the source, an interrupt request is generated when the interrupt-pending flag is set. As soon as execution of the current instruction is complete, the CPU generates an LCALL to a predetermined address to begin execution of an interrupt service routine (ISR). Each ISR must end with an RETI instruction, which returns program execution to the next instruction that would have been executed if the interrupt request had not occurred. If interrupts are not enabled, the interrupt-pending flag is ignored by the hardware and program execution continues as normal. (The interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1 regardless of the interrupt's enable/disable state). Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled through the use of an associated interrupt enable bit in an SFR (IE, EIE1, or EIE2). However, interrupts must first be globally enabled by setting the EA bit (IE.7) to logic 1 before the individual interrupt enables are recognized. Setting the EA bit to logic 0 disables all interrupt sources regardless of the individual interrupt-enable settings. Note: Any instruction that clears a bit to disable an interrupt should be immediately followed by an instruction that has two or more opcode bytes. Using EA (global interrupt enable) as an example: MR' )%!GPIEV)%FMX )%!XLMWMWEHYQQ]MRWXVYGXMSR[MXLX[SF]XISTGSHI MREWWIQFP] '06)%GPIEV)%FMX '06)%XLMWMWEHYQQ]MRWXVYGXMSR[MXLX[SF]XISTGSHI For example, if an interrupt is posted during the execution phase of a "CLR EA" opcode (or any instruction which clears a bit to disable an interrupt source), and the instruction is followed by a single-cycle instruction, the interrupt may be taken. However, a read of the enable bit will return a '0' inside the interrupt service routine. When the bit-clearing opcode is followed by a multi-cycle instruction, the interrupt will not be taken. Some interrupt-pending flags are automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. However, most are not cleared by the hardware and must be cleared by software before returning from the ISR. If an interrupt-pending flag remains set after the CPU completes the return-from-interrupt (RETI) instruction, a new interrupt request will be generated immediately and the CPU will re-enter the ISR after the completion of the next instruction. 12.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 MCUs support 14 interrupt sources. Software can simulate an interrupt by setting any interrupt-pending flag to logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the flag, an interrupt request will be generated and the CPU will vector to the ISR address associated with the interrupt-pending flag. MCU interrupt sources, associated vector addresses, priority order and control bits are summarized in Table 12.1. Refer to the datasheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s). Rev. 1.2 60 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 12.1.1. Interrupt Priorities Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of two priority levels: low or high. A low priority interrupt service routine can be preempted by a high priority interrupt. A high priority interrupt cannot be preempted. Each interrupt has an associated interrupt priority bit in an SFR (IP, EIP1, or EIP2) used to configure its priority level. Low priority is the default. If two interrupts are recognized simultaneously, the interrupt with the higher priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have the same priority level, a fixed priority order is used to arbitrate, given in Table 12.1. 12.1.2. Interrupt Latency Interrupt response time depends on the state of the CPU when the interrupt occurs. Pending interrupts are sampled and priority decoded each system clock cycle. Therefore, the fastest possible response time is 6 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt and 5 clock cycles to complete the LCALL to the ISR. If an interrupt is pending when a RETI is executed, a single instruction is executed before an LCALL is made to service the pending interrupt. Therefore, the maximum response time for an interrupt (when no other interrupt is currently being serviced or the new interrupt is of greater priority) occurs when the CPU is performing an RETI instruction followed by a DIV as the next instruction. In this case, the response time is 20 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt, 6 clock cycles to execute the RETI, 8 clock cycles to complete the DIV instruction and 5 clock cycles to execute the LCALL to the ISR. If the CPU is executing an ISR for an interrupt with equal or higher priority, the new interrupt will not be serviced until the current ISR completes, including the RETI and following instruction. Note that the CPU is stalled during EPROM write operations and USB FIFO MOVX accesses (see Section “10.2.3. Accessing USB FIFO Space” on page 53). Interrupt service latency will be increased for interrupts occurring while the CPU is stalled. The latency for these situations will be determined by the standard interrupt service procedure (as described above) and the amount of time the CPU is stalled. 12.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions The SFRs used to enable the interrupt sources and set their priority level are described in this section. Refer to the data sheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s). 61 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 12.1. Interrupt Summary Interrupt Source Interrupt Vector Priority Order Pending Flag Reset 0x0000 Top External Interrupt 0 (INT0) Timer 0 Overflow External Interrupt 1 (INT1) Timer 1 Overflow UART0 0x0003 0 IE0 (TCON.1) 0x000B 0x0013 1 2 TF0 (TCON.5) IE1 (TCON.3) Y Y Y Y ET0 (IE.1) PT0 (IP.1) EX1 (IE.2) PX1 (IP.2) 0x001B 0x0023 3 4 Y Y Y N ET1 (IE.3) PT1 (IP.3) ES0 (IE.4) PS0 (IP.4) Timer 2 Overflow 0x002B 5 Y N ET2 (IE.5) PT2 (IP.5) SPI0 0x0033 6 Y N ESPI0 (IE.6) SMB0 0x003B 7 TF1 (TCON.7) RI0 (SCON0.0) TI0 (SCON0.1) TF2H (TMR2CN.7) TF2L (TMR2CN.6) SPIF (SPI0CN.7) WCOL (SPI0CN.6) MODF (SPI0CN.5) RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4) SI (SMB0CN.0) Y N USB0 0x0043 8 Special RESERVED RESERVED Programmable Counter Array 0x004B 0x0053 0x005B 9 10 11 RESERVED RESERVED Timer 3 Overflow 0x0063 0x006B 0x0073 12 13 14 VBUS Level 0x007B 15 N/A N/A CF (PCA0CN.7) CCFn (PCA0CN.n) COVF (PCA0PWM.6) N/A N/A TF3H (TMR3CN.7) TF3L (TMR3CN.6) N/A UART1 0x0083 16 RESERVED Port Match 0x008B 0x0093 17 18 None RI1 (SCON1.0) TI1 (SCON1.1) N/A None Rev. 1.2 Enable Flag Priority Control N/A N/A Always Always Enabled Highest Y Y EX0 (IE.0) PX0 (IP.0) PSPI0 (IP.6) ESMB0 (EIE1.0) N N EUSB0 (EIE1.0) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Y N EPCA0 (EIE1.4) PSMB0 (EIP1.0) PUSB0 (EIP1.1) N/A N/A PPCA0 (EIP1.4) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N N ET3 (EIE1.7) N/A N/A EVBUS (EIE2.0) N N ES1 (EIE2.1) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A EMAT (EIE2.3) N/A N/A PT3 (EIP1.7) PVBUS (EIP2.0) PS1 (EIP2.1) N/A PMAT (EIP2.3) 62 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 12.1. IE: Interrupt Enable Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name EA ESPI0 ET2 ES0 ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 Type R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xA8; Bit-Addressable Bit Name Function 7 EA 6 ESPI0 5 ET2 Enable Timer 2 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 2 interrupt. 0: Disable Timer 2 interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF2L or TF2H flags. 4 ES0 Enable UART0 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the UART0 interrupt. 0: Disable UART0 interrupt. 1: Enable UART0 interrupt. 3 ET1 Enable Timer 1 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 1 interrupt. 0: Disable all Timer 1 interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF1 flag. 2 EX1 Enable External Interrupt 1. This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 1. 0: Disable external interrupt 1. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT1 input. 1 ET0 Enable Timer 0 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 0 interrupt. 0: Disable all Timer 0 interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF0 flag. 0 EX0 Enable External Interrupt 0. This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 0. 0: Disable external interrupt 0. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT0 input. 63 Enable All Interrupts. Globally enables/disables all interrupts. It overrides individual interrupt mask settings. 0: Disable all interrupt sources. 1: Enable each interrupt according to its individual mask setting. Enable Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the SPI0 interrupts. 0: Disable all SPI0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SPI0. Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 12.2. IP: Interrupt Priority Bit 7 Name 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PSPI0 PT2 PS0 PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 Type R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xB8; Bit-Addressable Bit Name Function 7 Unused Unused. Read = 1b, Write = Don't Care. 6 PSPI0 5 PT2 Timer 2 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 2 interrupt. 0: Timer 2 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: Timer 2 interrupt set to high priority level. 4 PS0 UART0 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the UART0 interrupt. 0: UART0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: UART0 interrupt set to high priority level. 3 PT1 Timer 1 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 1 interrupt. 0: Timer 1 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: Timer 1 interrupt set to high priority level. 2 PX1 External Interrupt 1 Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 1 interrupt. 0: External Interrupt 1 set to low priority level. 1: External Interrupt 1 set to high priority level. 1 PT0 Timer 0 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 0 interrupt. 0: Timer 0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: Timer 0 interrupt set to high priority level. 0 PX0 External Interrupt 0 Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 0 interrupt. 0: External Interrupt 0 set to low priority level. 1: External Interrupt 0 set to high priority level. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the SPI0 interrupt. 0: SPI0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: SPI0 interrupt set to high priority level. Rev. 1.2 64 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 12.3. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name ET3 Reserved Reserved EPCA0 Reserved Reserved EUSB0 ESMB0 Type R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xE6 Bit Name 7 6:5 4 3:2 65 ET3 Function Enable Timer 3 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 3 interrupt. 0: Disable Timer 3 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF3L or TF3H flags. Reserved Reserved. Must Write 00b. EPCA0 Enable Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the PCA0 interrupts. 0: Disable all PCA0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by PCA0. Reserved Reserved. Must Write 00b. 1 EUSB0 Enable USB (USB0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the USB0 interrupt. 0: Disable all USB0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by USB0. 0 ESMB0 Enable SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the SMB0 interrupt. 0: Disable all SMB0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SMB0. Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 12.4. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name PT3 Reserved Reserved PPCA0 Reserved Reserved PUSB0 PSMB0 Type R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xF6 Bit Name 7 6:5 4 3:2 PT3 Function Timer 3 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 3 interrupt. 0: Timer 3 interrupts set to low priority level. 1: Timer 3 interrupts set to high priority level. Reserved Reserved. Must Write 00b. PPCA0 Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the PCA0 interrupt. 0: PCA0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: PCA0 interrupt set to high priority level. Reserved Reserved. Must Write 00b.. 1 PUSB0 USB (USB0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the USB0 interrupt. 0: USB0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: USB0 interrupt set to high priority level. 0 PSMB0 SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the SMB0 interrupt. 0: SMB0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: SMB0 interrupt set to high priority level. Rev. 1.2 66 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 12.5. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2 Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 2 1 0 EMAT Reserved ES1 EVBUS Type R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xE7 Bit Name 7-4 Unused 3 EMAT 2 Unused. Read = 0000b, Write = Don't Care. Enable Port Match Interrupts. This bit sets the masking of the Port Match Event interrupt. 0: Disable all Port Match interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by a Port Match. Reserved Reserved. Must Write 0b. 1 ES1 0 EVBUS 67 Function Enable UART1 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the UART1 interrupt. 0: Disable UART1 interrupt. 1: Enable UART1 interrupt. Enable VBUS Level Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the VBUS interrupt. 0: Disable all VBUS interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by VBUS level sense. Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 12.6. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2 Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 2 1 0 PMAT Reserved PS1 PVBUS Type R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xF7 Bit Name 7:4 Unused 3 PMAT 2 Function Unused. Read = 0000b, Write = Don't Care. Port Match Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Port Match Event interrupt. 0: Port Match interrupt set to low priority level. 1: Port Match interrupt set to high priority level. Reserved Reserved. Must Write 0b. 1 PS1 UART1 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the UART1 interrupt. 0: UART1 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: UART1 interrupt set to high priority level. 0 PVBUS VBUS Level Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the VBUS interrupt. 0: VBUS interrupt set to low priority level. 1: VBUS interrupt set to high priority level. Rev. 1.2 68 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 12.3. INT0 and INT1 External Interrupt Sources The INT0 and INT1 external interrupt sources are configurable as active high or low, edge or level sensitive. The IN0PL (INT0 Polarity) and IN1PL (INT1 Polarity) bits in the IT01CF register select active high or active low; the IT0 and IT1 bits in TCON (Section “23.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1” on page 204) select level or edge sensitive. The table below lists the possible configurations. IT0 IN0PL 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 INT0 Interrupt Active low, edge sensitive Active high, edge sensitive Active low, level sensitive Active high, level sensitive IT1 IN1PL 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 INT1 Interrupt Active low, edge sensitive Active high, edge sensitive Active low, level sensitive Active high, level sensitive INT0 and INT1 are assigned to Port pins as defined in the IT01CF register (see SFR Definition 12.7). Note that INT0 and INT0 Port pin assignments are independent of any Crossbar assignments. INT0 and INT1 will monitor their assigned Port pins without disturbing the peripheral that was assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. To assign a Port pin only to INT0 and/or INT1, configure the Crossbar to skip the selected pin(s). This is accomplished by setting the associated bit in register PnSKIP (see Section “17.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 100 for complete details on configuring the Crossbar). IE0 (TCON.1) and IE1 (TCON.3) serve as the interrupt-pending flags for the INT0 and INT1 external interrupts, respectively. If an INT0 or INT1 external interrupt is configured as edge-sensitive, the corresponding interrupt-pending flag is automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. When configured as level sensitive, the interrupt-pending flag remains logic 1 while the input is active as defined by the corresponding polarity bit (IN0PL or IN1PL); the flag remains logic 0 while the input is inactive. The external interrupt source must hold the input active until the interrupt request is recognized. It must then deactivate the interrupt request before execution of the ISR completes or another interrupt request will be generated. 69 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 12.7. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 ConfigurationO Bit 7 6 Name IN1PL IN1SL[2:0] IN0PL IN0SL[2:0] Type R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 5 0 4 0 SFR Address = 0xE4 Bit Name 7 6:4 3 2:0 IN1PL 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 Function INT1 Polarity. 0: INT1 input is active low. 1: INT1 input is active high. IN1SL[2:0] INT1 Port Pin Selection Bits. These bits select which Port pin is assigned to INT1. Note that this pin assignment is independent of the Crossbar; INT1 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin. 000: Select P0.0 001: Select P0.1 010: Select P0.2 011: Select P0.3 100: Select P0.4 101: Select P0.5 110: Select P0.6 111: Select P0.7 IN0PL INT0 Polarity. 0: INT0 input is active low. 1: INT0 input is active high. IN0SL[2:0] INT0 Port Pin Selection Bits. These bits select which Port pin is assigned to INT0. Note that this pin assignment is independent of the Crossbar; INT0 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin. 000: Select P0.0 001: Select P0.1 010: Select P0.2 011: Select P0.3 100: Select P0.4 101: Select P0.5 110: Select P0.6 111: Select P0.7 Rev. 1.2 70 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 13. Program Memory (EPROM) C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices include 16 or 8 kB of on-chip byte-programmable EPROM for program code storage. The EPROM memory can be programmed via the C2 debug and programming interface when a special programming voltage is applied to the V PP pin. Additionally, EPROM bytes can be programmed in system using an external capacitor on the VPP pin. Each location in EPROM memory is programmable only once (i.e. non-erasable). Table 6.6 on page 31 shows the EPROM specifications. 13.1. Programming the EPROM Memory 13.1.1. EPROM Programming over the C2 Interface Programming of the EPROM memory is accomplished through the C2 programming and debug interface. When creating hardware to program the EPROM, it is necessary to follow the programming steps listed below. Please refer to the “C2 Interface Specification” available at http://www.silabs.com for details on communicating via the C2 interface. Section “25. C2 Interface” on page 244 has information about C2 register addresses for the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7. 1. Reset the device using the RST pin. 2. Wait at least 20 ms before sending the first C2 command. 3. Place the device in core reset: Write 0x04 to the DEVCTL register. 4. Set the device to program mode (1st step): Write 0x40 to the EPCTL register. 5. Set the device to program mode (2nd step): Write 0x4A to the EPCTL register. Note: Devices with a Date Code prior to 1111 should write 0x58 to the EPCTL register. 6. Apply the VPP programming Voltage. 7. Write the first EPROM address for programming to EPADDRH and EPADDRL. 8. Write a data byte to EPDAT. EPADDRH:L will increment by 1 after this write. 9. Poll the EPBusy bit using a C2 Address Read command. Note: If EPError is set at this time, the write operation failed. 10.If programming is not finished, return to Step 8 to write the next address in sequence, or return to Step 7 to program a new address. 11. Remove the VPP programming Voltage. 12.Remove program mode (1st step): Write 0x40 to the EPCTL register. 13.Remove program mode (2nd step): Write 0x00 to the EPCTL register. 14.Reset the device: Write 0x02 and then 0x00 to the DEVCTL register. Important Note: There is a finite amount of time which VPP can be applied without damaging the device, which is cumulative over the life of the device. Refer to Table 6.1 on page 28 for the V PP timing specification. Rev. 1.2 71 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 13.1.2. EPROM In-Application Programming The EPROM of the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices has an In-Application Programming option. In-Application Programming will be much slower than normal programming where the V PP programming voltage is applied to the VPP pin, but it allows a small number of bytes to be programmed anywhere in the non-reserved areas of the EPROM. In order to use this option, VIO must be within a specific range and a capacitor must be connected externally to the VPP pin. Refer to Section “6. Electrical Characteristics” on page 28 for the acceptable range of values for VIO and the capacitor on the VPP pin. Bytes in the EPROM memory must be written one byte at a time. An EPROM write will be performed after each MOVX write instruction. The recommended procedure for writing to the EPROM is as follows: 1. Disable interrupts. 2. Change the core clock to 25 MHz or less. 3. Enable the VDD Monitor. Write 0x80 to VDM0CN. 4. Enable the VDD Monitor as a reset source. Write 0x02 to RSTSRC. 5. Disable the Prefetch engine. Write 0x00 to the PFE0CN register. 6. Set the VPP Pin to an open-drain configuration, with a 1 in the port latch. 7. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL). 8. Write the first key code to MEMKEY: 0xA5. 9. Write the second key code to MEMKEY: 0xF1. 10.Enable in-application programming. Write 0x80 to the IAPCN register. 11. Using a MOVX write instruction, write a single data byte to the desired location. 12.Disable in-application EPROM programming. Write 0x00 to the IAPCN register. 13.Clear the PSWE bit. 14.Re-enable the Prefetch engine. Write 0x20 to the PFE0CN register. 15.Delay for at least 1 µs. 16.Disable the programming hardware. Write 0x40 to the IAPCN register. 17.Restore the core clock (if changed in Step 2) 18.Re-enable interrupts. Steps 8–11 must be repeated for each byte to be written. When an application uses the In-Application Programming feature, the VPP pin must be set to open-drain mode, with a 1 in the port latch. The pin can still be used a as a general-purpose I/O pin if the programming circuitry of the pin is disabled after all writes are completed by using the IAPHWD bit in the IAPCN register (IAPCN.6). It is not necessary to disable the programming hardware if the In-Application Programming feature has not been used. Important Note: Software should delay for at least 1 µs after the last EPROM write before setting the IAPHWD bit. 72 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 13.2. Security Options The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices provide security options to prevent unauthorized viewing of proprietary program code and constants. A security byte stored at location 0x3FF8 in the EPROM address space can be used to lock the program memory from being read or written across the C2 interface. The lock byte can always be read regardless of the security settings. Table 13.1 shows the security byte decoding. Refer to “Figure 10.2. Program Memory Map” on page 51 for the location of the security byte in EPROM memory. Important Note: Once the security byte has been written, there are no means of unlocking the device. Locking memory from write access should be performed only after all other code has been successfully programmed to memory. Table 13.1. Security Byte Decoding Bits 7–4 3–0 Description Write Lock: Clearing any of these bits to logic 0 prevents all code memory from being written across the C2 interface. Read Lock: Clearing any of these bits to logic 0 prevents all code memory from being read across the C2 interface. 13.3. EPROM Writing Guidelines Any system which contains routines which write EPROM memory from software involves some risk that the write routines will execute unintentionally if the CPU is operating outside its specified operating range of VDD, system clock frequency, or temperature. This accidental execution of EPROM modifying code can result in alteration of EPROM memory contents causing a system failure. The following guidelines are recommended for any system which contains routines which write EPROM memory from code. 13.3.1. VDD Maintenance and the VDD monitor 1. If the system power supply is subject to voltage or current "spikes," add sufficient transient protection devices to the power supply to ensure that the supply voltages listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings table are not exceeded. 2. Make certain that the minimum VDD rise time specification of 1 ms is met. If the system cannot meet this rise time specification, then add an external V DD brownout circuit to the RST pin of the device that holds the device in reset until VDD reaches VRST and re-asserts RST if VDD drops below VRST. 3. Enable the on-chip VDD monitor and enable the VDD monitor as a reset source as early in code as possible. This should be the first set of instructions executed after the Reset Vector. For C-based systems, this will involve modifying the startup code added by the C compiler. See your compiler documentation for more details. Make certain that there are no delays in software between enabling the VDD monitor and enabling the VDD monitor as a reset source. Note: Both the VDD Monitor and the VDD Monitor reset source must be enabled to write the EPROM without generating an EPROM Error Device Reset. 4. As an added precaution, explicitly enable the V DD monitor and enable the VDD monitor as a reset source inside the functions that write EPROM memory. The V DD monitor enable instructions should be placed just after the instruction to set PSWE to a 1, but before the EPROM write operation instruction. 5. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC (Reset Sources) register use direct assignment operators and explicitly DO NOT use the bit-wise operators (such as AND or OR). For example,"RSTSRC = 0x02" is correct. "RSTSRC |= 0x02" is incorrect. 6. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC register explicitly set the PORSF bit to a 1. Areas to check are initialization code which enables other reset sources, such as the Missing Clock Detector, for Rev. 1.2 73 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 example, and instructions which force a Software Reset. A global search on "RSTSRC" can quickly verify this. 13.3.2. PSWE Maintenance 7. Reduce the number of places in code where the PSWE bit (PSCTL.0) is set to a 1. There should be exactly one routine in code that sets PSWE to a 1 to write EPROM bytes. 8. Minimize the number of variable accesses while PSWE is set to a 1. Handle pointer address updates and loop variable maintenance outside the "PSWE = 1;... PSWE = 0;" area. 9. Disable interrupts prior to setting PSWE to a '1' and leave them disabled until after PSWE has been reset to '0'. Any interrupts posted during the EPROM write operation will be serviced in priority order after the EPROM operation has been completed and interrupts have been re-enabled by software. 10.Make certain that the EPROM write pointer variables are not located in XRAM. See your compiler documentation for instructions regarding how to explicitly locate variables in different memory areas. 11. Add address bounds checking to the routines that write EPROM memory to ensure that a routine called with an illegal address does not result in modification of the EPROM. 13.3.3. System Clock 12.If operating from an external crystal, be advised that crystal performance is susceptible to electrical interference and is sensitive to layout and to changes in temperature. If the system is operating in an electrically noisy environment, use the internal oscillator or an external CMOS clock. 13.If operating from the external oscillator, switch to the internal oscillator during EPROM write operations. The external oscillator can continue to run, and the CPU can switch back to the external oscillator after the EPROM operation has completed. 13.4. Program Memory CRC A CRC engine is included on-chip which provides a means of verifying EPROM contents once the device has been programmed. The CRC engine is available for EPROM verification even if the device is fully read and write locked, allowing for verification of code contents at any time. The CRC engine is operated through the C2 debug and programming interface, and performs 16-bit CRCs on individual 256-Byte blocks of program memory, or a 32-bit CRC on the entire memory space. To prevent hacking and extrapolation of security-locked source code, the CRC engine will only allow CRCs to be performed on contiguous 256-Byte blocks beginning on 256-Byte boundaries (lowest 8-bits of address are 0x00). For example, the CRC engine can perform a CRC for locations 0x0400 through 0x04FF, but it cannot perform a CRC for locations 0x0401 through 0x0500, or on block sizes smaller or larger than 256 Bytes. 13.4.1. Performing 32-bit CRCs on Full EPROM Content A 32-bit CRC on the entire EPROM space is initiated by writing to the CRC1 byte over the C2 interface. The CRC calculation begins at address 0x0000, and ends at the end of user EPROM space. The EPBusy bit in register C2ADD will be set during the CRC operation, and cleared once the operation is complete. The 32-bit results will be available in the CRC3-0 registers. CRC3 is the MSB, and CRC0 is the LSB. The polynomial used for the 32-bit CRC calculation is 0x04C11DB7. Note: If a 16-bit CRC has been performed since the last device reset, a device reset should be initiated before performing a 32-bit CRC operation. 13.4.2. Performing 16-bit CRCs on 256-Byte EPROM Blocks A 16-bit CRC of individual 256-byte blocks of EPROM can be initiated by writing to the CRC0 byte over the C2 interface. The value written to CRC0 is the high byte of the beginning address for the CRC. For example, if CRC0 is written to 0x02, the CRC will be performed on the 256-bytes beginning at address 0x0200, and ending at address 0x2FF. The EPBusy bit in register C2ADD will be set during the CRC operation, and cleared once the operation is complete. The 16-bit results will be available in the CRC1-0 registers. CRC1 is the MSB, and CRC0 is the LSB. The polynomial for the 16-bit CRC calculation is 0x1021. 74 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 13.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PSWE Name Type R R R R R R R R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0x8F Bit Name 7:1 0 Unused PSWE Function Unused. Read = 0000000b. Write = don’t care. Program Store Write Enable. Setting this bit allows writing a byte of data to the EPROM program memory using the MOVX write instruction. 0: Writes to EPROM program memory disabled. 1: Writes to EPROM program memory enabled; the MOVX write instruction targets EPROM memory. SFR Definition 13.2. MEMKEY: EPROM Memory Lock and Key Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name MEMKEY[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xB7 Bit Name 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function 7:0 MEMKEY[7:0] EPROM Lock and Key Register. Write: This register provides a lock and key function for EPROM writes. EPROM writes are enabled by writing 0xA5 followed by 0xF1 to the MEMKEY register. EPROM writes are automatically disabled after the next write is complete. If any writes to MEMKEY are performed incorrectly, or if a EPROM write operation is attempted while these operations are disabled, the EPROM will be permanently locked from writes until the next device reset. If an application never writes to EPROM, it can intentionally lock the EPROM by writing a non-0xA5 value to MEMKEY from software. Read: When read, bits 1–0 indicate the current EPROM lock state. 00: EPROM is write locked. 01: The first key code has been written (0xA5). 10: EPROM is unlocked (writes allowed). 11: EPROM writes disabled until the next reset. Rev. 1.2 75 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 13.3. IAPCN: In-Application Programming Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name IAPEN IAPDISD Type R/W R/W R R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xF5 Bit Name 7 IAPEN 6 IAPHWD Function In-Application Programming Enable. 0: In-Application Programming is disabled. 1: In-Application Programming is enabled. In-Application Programming Hardware Disable. This bit disables the In-Application Programming hardware so the V PP programming pin can be used as a normal GPIO pin. Note: This bit should not be set less than 1 µs after the last EPROM write. 0: In-Application Programming discharge hardware enabled. 1: In-Application Programming discharge hardware disabled. 5:0 76 Unused Unused. Read = 000000b. Write = don’t care. Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 14. Power Management Modes The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices have three software programmable power management modes: Idle, Stop, and Suspend. Idle mode and stop mode are part of the standard 8051 architecture, while suspend mode is an enhanced power-saving mode implemented by the high-speed oscillator peripheral. Idle mode halts the CPU while leaving the peripherals and clocks active. In stop mode, the CPU is halted, all interrupts and timers (except the Missing Clock Detector) are inactive, and the internal oscillator is stopped (analog peripherals remain in their selected states; the external oscillator is not affected). Suspend mode is similar to stop mode in that the internal oscillator is halted, but the device can wake on events such as a Port Mismatch, Timer 3 overflow, or activity with the USB transceiver. Additionally, the CPU is not halted in suspend mode, so it can run on another oscillator, if desired. Since clocks are running in Idle mode, power consumption is dependent upon the system clock frequency and the number of peripherals left in active mode before entering Idle. Stop mode and suspend mode consume the least power because the majority of the device is shut down with no clocks active. SFR Definition 14.1 describes the Power Control Register (PCON) used to control the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7's Stop and Idle power management modes. Suspend mode is controlled by the SUSPEND bit in the OSCICN register (SFR Definition 16.3). Although the C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 has Idle, Stop, and suspend modes available, more control over the device power can be achieved by enabling/disabling individual peripherals as needed. Each analog peripheral can be disabled when not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers or serial buses, draw little power when they are not in use. Turning off oscillators lowers power consumption considerably, at the expense of reduced functionality. 14.1. Idle Mode Setting the Idle Mode Select bit (PCON.0) causes the hardware to halt the CPU and enter Idle mode as soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain their original data. All analog and digital peripherals can remain active during idle mode. Idle mode is terminated when an enabled interrupt is asserted or a reset occurs. The assertion of an enabled interrupt will cause the Idle Mode Selection bit (PCON.0) to be cleared and the CPU to resume operation. The pending interrupt will be serviced and the next instruction to be executed after the return from interrupt (RETI) will be the instruction immediately following the one that set the Idle Mode Select bit. If Idle mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000. Note: If the instruction following the write of the IDLE bit is a single-byte instruction and an interrupt occurs during the execution phase of the instruction that sets the IDLE bit, the CPU may not wake from Idle mode when a future interrupt occurs. Therefore, instructions that set the IDLE bit should be followed by an instruction that has two or more opcode bytes, for example: MRu'v 4'32`!\WIX-(0)FMX 4'32!4'32JSPPS[IHF]EG]GPIHYQQ]MRWXVYGXMSR MREWWIQFP] 3604'32LWIX-(0)FMX 13:4'324'32JSPPS[IHF]EG]GPIHYQQ]MRWXVYGXMSR If enabled, the Watchdog Timer (WDT) will eventually cause an internal watchdog reset and thereby terminate the Idle mode. This feature protects the system from an unintended permanent shutdown in the event of an inadvertent write to the PCON register. If this behavior is not desired, the WDT may be disabled by software prior to entering the Idle mode if the WDT was initially configured to allow this operation. This pro- Rev. 1.2 77 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 vides the opportunity for additional power savings, allowing the system to remain in the Idle mode indefinitely, waiting for an external stimulus to wake up the system. Refer to Section “15.5. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset” on page 83 for more information on the use and configuration of the WDT. 14.2. Stop Mode Setting the stop mode Select bit (PCON.1) causes the controller core to enter stop mode as soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. In stop mode the internal oscillator, CPU, and all digital peripherals are stopped; the state of the external oscillator circuit is not affected. Each analog peripheral (including the external oscillator circuit) may be shut down individually prior to entering stop mode. Stop mode can only be terminated by an internal or external reset. On reset, the device performs the normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000. If enabled, the Missing Clock Detector will cause an internal reset and thereby terminate the stop mode. The Missing Clock Detector should be disabled if the CPU is to be put to in STOP mode for longer than the MCD timeout. By default, when in stop mode the internal regulator is still active. However, the regulator can be configured to shut down while in stop mode to save power. To shut down the regulator in stop mode, the STOPCF bit in register REG01CN should be set to 1 prior to setting the STOP bit (see SFR Definition 7.1). If the regulator is shut down using the STOPCF bit, only the RST pin or a full power cycle are capable of resetting the device. 14.3. Suspend Mode Setting the SUSPEND bit (OSCICN.5) causes the hardware to halt the high-frequency internal oscillator and go into suspend mode as soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain their original data. The CPU is not halted in Suspend, so code can still be executed using an oscillator other than the internal High Frequency Oscillator. Most digital peripherals are not active in suspend mode. The exception to this are the USB0 Transceiver, Port Match feature, and Timer 3, when it is run from an external oscillator source or the internal low-frequency oscillator. Suspend mode can be terminated by four types of events: a port match (described in Section “17.5. Port Match” on page 107), a Timer 3 overflow (described in Section “23.3. Timer 3” on page 218), resume signalling on the USB data pins, or a device reset event. Note that in order to run Timer 3 in suspend mode, the timer must be configured to clock from either the external clock source or the internal low-frequency oscillator source. When suspend mode is terminated, the device will continue execution on the instruction following the one that set the SUSPEND bit. If the wake event (USB0 resume signalling, port match, or Timer 3 overflow) was configured to generate an interrupt, the interrupt will be serviced upon waking the device. If suspend mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000. 78 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 14.1. PCON: Power Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name GF[5:0] STOP IDLE Type R/W R/W R/W 0 0 Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0x87 Bit Name 7:2 GF[5:0] 0 0 Function General Purpose Flags 5–0. These are general purpose flags for use under software control. 1 STOP Stop Mode Select. Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in stop mode. This bit will always be read as 0. 1: CPU goes into stop mode (internal oscillator stopped). 0 IDLE IDLE: Idle Mode Select. Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Idle mode. This bit will always be read as 0. 1: CPU goes into Idle mode. (Shuts off clock to CPU, but clock to Timers, Interrupts, Serial Ports, and Analog Peripherals are still active.) Rev. 1.2 79 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 15. Reset Sources Reset circuitry allows the controller to be easily placed in a predefined default condition. On entry to this reset state, the following occur: CIP-51 halts program execution Special Function Registers (SFRs) are initialized to their defined reset values External Port pins are forced to a known state Interrupts and timers are disabled. All SFRs are reset to the predefined values noted in the SFR detailed descriptions. The contents of internal data memory are unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved. However, since the stack pointer SFR is reset, the stack is effectively lost, even though the data on the stack is not altered. The Port I/O latches are reset to 0xFF (all logic ones) in open-drain mode. Weak pullups are enabled during and after the reset. For VDD Monitor and power-on resets, the RST pin is driven low until the device exits the reset state. On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, and the system clock defaults to the internal oscillator. The Watchdog Timer is enabled with the system clock divided by 12 as its clock source. Program execution begins at location 0x0000. :(( Power On Reset Supply Monitor + - Missing Clock Detector (oneshot) EN 0 Enable (wired-OR) RST Reset Funnel PCA WDT (Software Reset) SWRSF EN Errant EPROM Operation Low Frequency Oscillator Internal Oscillator XTAL1 XTAL2 External Oscillator Drive System Clock Clock Select CIP-51 Microcontroller Core System Reset Extended Interrupt Handler Figure 15.1. Reset Sources Rev. 1.2 80 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 15.1. Power-On Reset During power-up, the device is held in a reset state and the RST pin is driven low until VDD settles above VRST. A delay occurs before the device is released from reset; the delay decreases as the VDD ramp time increases (VDD ramp time is defined as how fast VDD ramps from 0 V to VRST). Figure 15.2. plots the power-on and VDD monitor event timing. The maximum VDD ramp time is 1 ms; slower ramp times may cause the device to be released from reset before VDD reaches the VRST level. For ramp times less than 1 ms, the power-on reset delay (TPORDelay) is typically less than 0.3 ms. On exit from a power-on or VDD monitor reset, the PORSF flag (RSTSRC.1) is set by hardware to logic 1. When PORSF is set, all of the other reset flags in the RSTSRC Register are indeterminate (PORSF is cleared by all other resets). Since all resets cause program execution to begin at the same location (0x0000) software can read the PORSF flag to determine if a power-up was the cause of reset. The content of internal data memory should be assumed to be undefined after a power-on reset. The VDD monitor is enabled following a power-on reset. :(( :678 t Logic HIGH Logic LOW 678 TPORDelay VDD Monitor Reset Power-On Reset Figure 15.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing 81 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 15.2. Power-Fail Reset/VDD Monitor When a power-down transition or power irregularity causes VDD to drop below VRST, the power supply monitor will drive the RST pin low and hold the CIP-51 in a reset state (see Figure 15.2). When VDD returns to a level above VRST, the CIP-51 will be released from the reset state. Note that even though internal data memory contents are not altered by the power-fail reset, it is impossible to determine if V DD dropped below the level required for data retention. If the PORSF flag reads 1, the data may no longer be valid. The V DD monitor is enabled after power-on resets. Its defined state (enabled/disabled) is not altered by any other reset source. For example, if the VDD monitor is disabled by code and a software reset is performed, the VDD monitor will still be disabled after the reset. Important Note: If the VDD monitor is being turned on from a disabled state, it should be enabled before it is selected as a reset source. Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it is enabled and stabilized may cause a system reset. In some applications, this reset may be undesirable. If this is not desirable in the application, a delay should be introduced between enabling the monitor and selecting it as a reset source. The procedure for enabling the VDD monitor and configuring it as a reset source from a disabled state is shown below: 1. Enable the VDD monitor (VDMEN bit in VDM0CN = 1). 2. If necessary, wait for the VDD monitor to stabilize (see Table 6.4 for the VDD Monitor turn-on time). 3. Select the VDD monitor as a reset source (PORSF bit in RSTSRC = 1). See Figure 15.2 for VDD monitor timing; note that the power-on-reset delay is not incurred after a VDD monitor reset. See Table 6.4 for complete electrical characteristics of the V DD monitor. Rev. 1.2 82 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 15.1. VDM0CN: V DD Monitor Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name VDMEN VDDSTAT Type R/W R R R R R R R Reset Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies SFR Address = 0xFF Bit Name 7 VDMEN Function VDD Monitor Enable. This bit turns the VDD monitor circuit on/off. The VDD Monitor cannot generate system resets until it is also selected as a reset source in register RSTSRC (SFR Definition 15.2). Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it has stabilized may generate a system reset. In systems where this reset would be undesirable, a delay should be introduced between enabling the V DD Monitor and selecting it as a reset source. See Table 6.4 for the minimum VDD Monitor turn-on time. 0: VDD Monitor Disabled. 1: VDD Monitor Enabled. 6 VDDSTAT VDD Status. This bit indicates the current power supply status (VDD Monitor output). 0: VDD is at or below the VDD monitor threshold. 1: VDD is above the VDD monitor threshold. 5:0 Unused Unused. Read = Varies; Write = Don’t care. 15.3. External Reset The external RST pin provides a means for external circuitry to force the device into a reset state. Asserting an active-low signal on the RST pin generates a reset; an external pullup and/or decoupling of the RST pin may be necessary to avoid erroneous noise-induced resets. See Table 6.4 for complete RST pin specifications. The PINRSF flag (RSTSRC.0) is set on exit from an external reset. 15.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset The Missing Clock Detector (MCD) is a one-shot circuit that is triggered by the system clock. If the system clock remains high or low for more than the MCD time-out, a reset will be generated. After a MCD reset, the MCDRSF flag (RSTSRC.2) will read 1, signifying the MCD as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads 0. Writing a 1 to the MCDRSF bit enables the Missing Clock Detector; writing a 0 disables it. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 15.5. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset The programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) function of the Programmable Counter Array (PCA) can be used to prevent software from running out of control during a system malfunction. The PCA WDT function can be enabled or disabled by software as described in Section “24.4. Watchdog Timer Mode” on page 235; the WDT is enabled and clocked by SYSCLK / 12 following any reset. If a system malfunction prevents user software from updating the WDT, a reset is generated and the WDTRSF bit (RSTSRC.5) is set to 1. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 83 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 15.6. EPROM Error Reset If an EPROM program read or write targets an illegal address, a system reset is generated. This may occur due to any of the following: Programming hardware attempts to write or read an EPROM location which is above the user code space address limit. An EPROM read from firmware is attempted above user code space. This occurs when a MOVC operation is attempted above the user code space address limit. A Program read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when user code attempts to branch to an address above the user code space address limit. The MEMERR bit (RSTSRC.6) is set following an EPROM error reset. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 15.7. Software Reset Software may force a reset by writing a 1 to the SWRSF bit (RSTSRC.4). The SWRSF bit will read 1 following a software forced reset. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 15.8. USB Reset Writing 1 to the USBRSF bit in register RSTSRC selects USB0 as a reset source. With USB0 selected as a reset source, a system reset will be generated when either of the following occur: 1. RESET signaling is detected on the USB network. The USB Function Controller (USB0) must be enabled for RESET signaling to be detected. See Section “18. Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB0)” on page 116 for information on the USB Function Controller. 2. A falling or rising voltage on the VBUS pin matches the edge polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG01CN. See Section “7. Voltage Regulators (REG0 and REG1)” on page 35 for details on the VBUS detection circuit. The USBRSF bit will read 1 following a USB reset. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset. Rev. 1.2 84 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 15.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source Bit 7 6 Name USBRSF MEMERR Type R/W R Reset Varies Varies SFR Address = 0xEF Bit Name 5 4 3 2 1 0 SWRSF WDTRSF MCDRSF PORSF PINRSF R/W R/W R R/W R/W R 0 Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies Description Write Read 7 USBRSF USB Reset Flag Writing a 1 enables USB as a reset source. Set to 1 if USB caused the last reset. 6 MEMERR EPROM Error Reset Flag. N/A Set to 1 if EPROM read/write error caused the last reset. 5 UNUSED Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care 4 SWRSF Software Reset Force and Flag. Writing a 1 forces a system reset. 3 WDTRSF Watchdog Timer Reset Flag. N/A 2 MCDRSF Missing Clock Detector Enable and Flag. Set to 1 if last reset was caused by a write to SWRSF. Set to 1 if Watchdog Timer overflow caused the last reset. Writing a 1 enables the Set to 1 if Missing Clock Missing Clock Detector. Detector timeout caused The MCD triggers a reset the last reset. if a missing clock condition is detected. 1 PORSF Writing a 1 enables the Power-On / VDD Monitor Reset Flag, and VDD monitor VDD monitor as a reset source. Reset Enable. Writing 1 to this bit before the VDD monitor is enabled and stabilized may cause a system reset. Set to 1 anytime a poweron or VDD monitor reset occurs. When set to 1 all other RSTSRC flags are indeterminate. 0 PINRSF HW Pin Reset Flag. Set to 1 if RST pin caused the last reset. N/A Note: Do not use read-modify-write operations on this register 85 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 16. Oscillators and Clock Selection C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices include a programmable internal high-frequency oscillator, a programmable internal low-frequency oscillator, and an external oscillator drive circuit. The internal high-frequency oscillator can be enabled/disabled and calibrated using the OSCICN and OSCICL registers, as shown in Figure 16.1. The internal low-frequency oscillator can be enabled/disabled and calibrated using the OSCLCN register. The system clock can be sourced by the external oscillator circuit or either internal oscillator. Both internal oscillators offer a selectable post-scaling feature. The USB clock (USBCLK) can be derived from the internal oscillators or external oscillator. OSCICL OSCICN OSCLCN C Mode RC Mode VDD OSCLF OSCLD 4 XTAL2 XTAL2 CLKSEL Programmable Internal Clock Generator n EN 2 OSCLF SYSCLK EN Low Frequency Oscillator Option 1 OSCLD XTAL1 Input Circuit 10M n OSC XTAL2 Internal HFO Internal HFO / 8 CMOS Mode EXOSC XTAL2 EXOSC / 2 USBCLK EXOSC / 3 OSCXCN CLKMUL EXOSC / 4 Internal LFO Figure 16.1. Oscillator Options Rev. 1.2 86 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 16.1. System Clock Selection The CLKSL[2:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the system clock. CLKSL[2:0] must be set to 001b for the system clock to run from the external oscillator; however the external oscillator may still clock certain peripherals (timers, PCA) when the internal oscillator is selected as the system clock. The system clock may be switched on-the-fly between the internal oscillators and external oscillator so long as the selected clock source is enabled and running. The internal high-frequency and low-frequency oscillators require little start-up time and may be selected as the system clock immediately following the register write which enables the oscillator. The external RC and C modes also typically require no startup time. 16.2. USB Clock Selection The USBCLK[2:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the USB clock. The USB clock may be derived from the internal oscillators, a divided version of the internal High-Frequency oscillator, or a divided version of the external oscillator. Note that the USB clock must be 48 MHz when operating USB0 as a Full Speed Function; the USB clock must be 6 MHz when operating USB0 as a Low Speed Function. See SFR Definition 16.1 for USB clock selection options. Some example USB clock configurations for Full and Low Speed mode are given below: USB Full Speed (48 MHz) Internal Oscillator Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock Internal Oscillator* USBCLK = 000b Internal Oscillator Divide by 1 IFCN = 11b External Oscillator Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock External Oscillator USBCLK = 010b External Oscillator CMOS Oscillator Mode 48 MHz Oscillator XOSCMD = 010b Note: Clock Recovery must be enabled for this configuration. USB Low Speed (6 MHz) Internal Oscillator Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock Internal Oscillator / 8 USBCLK = 001b Internal Oscillator Divide by 1 IFCN = 11b External Oscillator 87 Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock External Oscillator / 4 USBCLK = 101b External Oscillator CMOS Oscillator Mode 24 MHz Oscillator XOSCMD = 010b Crystal Oscillator Mode 24 MHz Oscillator XOSCMD = 110b XFCN = 111b Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 16.1. CLKSEL: Clock Select Bit 7 6 Name Type R Reset 0 0 5 4 Unused 2 1 USBCLK[2:0] OUTCLK CLKSL[2:0] R/W R/W R/W 0 0 SFR Address = 0xA9 Bit Name 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 Function Unused. Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care 6:4 USBCLK[2:0] USB Clock Source Select Bits. 000: USBCLK derived from the Internal High-Frequency Oscillator. 001: USBCLK derived from the Internal High-Frequency Oscillator / 8. 010: USBCLK derived from the External Oscillator. 011: USBCLK derived from the External Oscillator / 2. 100: USBCLK derived from the External Oscillator / 3. 101: USBCLK derived from the External Oscillator / 4. 110: USBCLK derived from the Internal Low-Frequency Oscillator. 111: Reserved. 3 OUTCLK Crossbar Clock Out Select. If the SYSCLK signal is enabled on the Crossbar, this bit selects between outputting SYSCLK and SYSCLK synchronized with the Port I/O pins. 0: Enabling the Crossbar SYSCLK signal outputs SYSCLK. 1: Enabling the Crossbar SYSCLK signal outputs SYSCLK synchronized with the Port I/O. 2:0 CLKSL[2:0] System Clock Source Select Bits. 000: SYSCLK derived from the Internal High-Frequency Oscillator and scaled per the IFCN bits in register OSCICN. 001: SYSCLK derived from the External Oscillator circuit. 010: SYSCLK derived from the Internal High-Frequency Oscillator / 2. 011: SYSCLK derived from the Internal High-Frequency Oscillator. 100: SYSCLK derived from the Internal Low-Frequency Oscillator and scaled per the OSCLD bits in register OSCLCN. 101-111: Reserved. Rev. 1.2 88 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 16.3. Programmable Internal High-Frequency (H-F) Oscillator All C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices include a programmable internal high-frequency oscillator that defaults as the system clock after a system reset. The internal oscillator period can be adjusted via the OSCICL register as defined by SFR Definition 16.2. On C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices, OSCICL is factory calibrated to obtain a 48 MHz base frequency. Note that the system clock may be derived from the programmed internal oscillator divided by 1, 2, 4, or 8 after a divide by 4 stage, as defined by the IFCN bits in register OSCICN. The divide value defaults to 8 following a reset, which results in a 1.5 MHz system clock. 16.3.1. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode When software writes a logic 1 to SUSPEND (OSCICN.5), the internal oscillator is suspended. If the system clock is derived from the internal oscillator, the input clock to the peripheral or CIP-51 will be stopped until one of the following events occur: Port 0 Match Event. Port 1 Match Event. Timer3 Overflow Event. USB0 Transceiver Resume Signalling When one of the oscillator awakening events occur, the internal oscillator, CIP-51, and affected peripherals resume normal operation, regardless of whether the event also causes an interrupt. The CPU resumes execution at the instruction following the write to the SUSPEND bit. Note: The prefetch engine can be turned off in suspend mode to save power. Additionally, both Voltage Regulators (REG0 and REG1) have low-power modes for additional power savings in suspend mode. See Section “9. Prefetch Engine” on page 49 and Section “7. Voltage Regulators (REG0 and REG1)” on page 35 for more information. SFR Definition 16.2. OSCICL: Internal H-F Oscillator Calibration Bit 7 6 5 4 3 1 0 Varies Varies Varies OSCICL[6:0] Name Type R Reset 0 R/W Varies Varies Varies SFR Address = 0xB3 Bit Name 7 6:0 2 Varies Function Unused Unused. Read = 0; Write = Don’t Care OSCICL[6:0] Internal Oscillator Calibration Bits. These bits determine the internal oscillator period. When set to 0000000b, the H-F oscillator operates at its fastest setting. When set to 1111111b, the H-F oscillator operates at its slowest setting. The reset value is factory calibrated to generate an internal oscillator frequency of 48 MHz. Rev. 1.2 89 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 16.3. OSCICN: Internal H-F Oscillator Control Bit 7 6 5 4 Name IOSCEN IFRDY SUSPEND Type R/W R R/W R R R Reset 1 1 0 0 0 0 IOSCEN 2 1 0 IFCN[1:0] SFR Address = 0xB2 Bit Name 7 3 R/W 0 0 Function Internal H-F Oscillator Enable Bit. 0: Internal H-F Oscillator Disabled. 1: Internal H-F Oscillator Enabled. 6 IFRDY Internal H-F Oscillator Frequency Ready Flag. 0: Internal H-F Oscillator is not running at programmed frequency. 1: Internal H-F Oscillator is running at programmed frequency. 5 SUSPEND Internal Oscillator Suspend Enable Bit. Setting this bit to logic 1 places the internal oscillator in SUSPEND mode. The internal oscillator resumes operation when one of the SUSPEND mode awakening events occurs. 4:2 Unused 1:0 IFCN[1:0] Unused. Read = 000b; Write = Don’t Care Internal H-F Oscillator Frequency Divider Control Bits. The Internal H-F Oscillator is divided by the IFCN bit setting after a divide-by-4 stage. 00: SYSCLK can be derived from Internal H-F Oscillator divided by 8 (1.5 MHz). 01: SYSCLK can be derived from Internal H-F Oscillator divided by 4 (3 MHz). 10: SYSCLK can be derived from Internal H-F Oscillator divided by 2 (6 MHz). 11: SYSCLK can be derived from Internal H-F Oscillator divided by 1 (12 MHz). 90 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 16.4. Clock Multiplier The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 device includes a 48 MHz high-frequency oscillator instead of a 12 MHz oscillator and a 4x Clock Multiplier, so the USB0 module can be run directly from the internal highfrequency oscillator. For compatibility with the Flash development platform, however, the CLKMUL register (SFR Definition 16.4) behaves as if the Clock Multiplier is present. SFR Definition 16.4. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier Control Bit 7 6 5 Name MULEN MULINIT MULRDY Type R R R R R R Reset 1 1 1 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xB9 Bit Name 7 MULEN 6 MULINIT 5 MULRDY 4 3 2 1 0 MULSEL[1:0] Description R 0 Write Clock Multiplier Enable Bit. 0: Clock Multiplier disabled. 1: Clock Multiplier enabled. This bit always reads 1. Clock Multiplier Initialize This bit should be a 0 Bit. when the Clock Multiplier is enabled. Once enabled, writing a 1 to this bit will initialize the Clock Multiplier. Clock Multiplier Ready Bit. 0: Clock Multiplier not ready. 1: Clock Multiplier ready (locked). This bit always reads 1. Unused. Read = 000b; Write = Don’t Care 0 Read The MULRDY bit reads 1 when the Clock Multiplier is stabilized. This bit always reads 1. 4:2 Unused 1:0 MULSEL[1:0] Clock Multiplier Input Select Bits. These bits select the clock supplied to the Clock Multiplier. 00: Internal High-Frequency Oscillator 01: External Oscillator 10: External Oscillator/2 11: Reserved. These bits always read 00. Rev. 1.2 91 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 16.5. Programmable Internal Low-Frequency (L-F) Oscillator All C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices include a programmable low-frequency internal oscillator, which is calibrated to a nominal frequency of 80 kHz. The low-frequency oscillator circuit includes a divider that can be changed to divide the clock by 1, 2, 4, or 8, using the OSCLD bits in the OSCLCN register (see SFR Definition 16.5). Additionally, the OSCLF[3:0] bits can be used to adjust the oscillator’s output frequency. 16.5.1. Calibrating the Internal L-F Oscillator Timers 2 and 3 include capture functions that can be used to capture the oscillator frequency, when running from a known time base. When either Timer 2 or Timer 3 is configured for L-F Oscillator Capture Mode, a falling edge (Timer 2) or rising edge (Timer 3) of the low-frequency oscillator’s output will cause a capture event on the corresponding timer. As a capture event occurs, the current timer value (TMRnH:TMRnL) is copied into the timer reload registers (TMRnRLH:TMRnRLL). By recording the difference between two successive timer capture values, the low-frequency oscillator’s period can be calculated. The OSCLF bits can then be adjusted to produce the desired oscillator frequency. SFR Definition 16.5. OSCLCN: Internal L-F Oscillator Control Bit 7 6 5 Name OSCLEN OSCLRDY OSCLF[3:0] OSCLD[1:0] Type R/W R R.W R/W Reset 0 0 Varies 4 3 Varies SFR Address = 0x86 Bit Name 7 OSCLEN Varies 2 Varies 1 0 0 0 Function Internal L-F Oscillator Enable. 0: Internal L-F Oscillator Disabled. 1: Internal L-F Oscillator Enabled. 6 OSCLRDY Internal L-F Oscillator Ready. 0: Internal L-F Oscillator frequency not stabilized. 1: Internal L-F Oscillator frequency stabilized. Note: OSCLRDY is only set back to 0 in the event of a device reset or a change to the OSCLD[1:0] bits. 5:2 OSCLF[3:0] Internal L-F Oscillator Frequency Control Bits. Fine-tune control bits for the Internal L-F oscillator frequency. When set to 0000b, the L-F oscillator operates at its fastest setting. When set to 1111b, the L-F oscillator operates at its slowest setting. 1:0 OSCLD[1:0] Internal L-F Oscillator Divider Select. 00: Divide by 8 selected. 01: Divide by 4 selected. 10: Divide by 2 selected. 11: Divide by 1 selected. Rev. 1.2 92 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 16.6. External Oscillator Drive Circuit The external oscillator circuit may drive an external crystal, ceramic resonator, capacitor, or RC network. A CMOS clock may also provide a clock input. Figure 16.1 shows a block diagram of the four external oscillator options. The external oscillator is enabled and configured using the OSCXCN register (see SFR Definition 16.6). Important Note on External Oscillator Usage: Port pins must be configured when using the external oscillator circuit. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in crystal/resonator mode, Port pins P0.2 and P0.3 are used as XTAL1 and XTAL2, respectively. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in capacitor, RC, or CMOS clock mode, Port pin P0.3 is used as XTAL2. The Port I/O Crossbar should be configured to skip the Port pin used by the oscillator circuit; see Section “17.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 100 for Crossbar configuration. Additionally, when using the external oscillator circuit in crystal/resonator, capacitor, or RC mode, the associated Port pins should be configured as analog inputs. In CMOS clock mode, the associated pin should be configured as a digital input. See Section “17.4. Port I/O Initialization” on page 104 for details on Port input mode selection. The external oscillator output may be selected as the system clock or used to clock some of the digital peripherals (e.g. Timers, PCA, etc.). See the data sheet chapters for each digital peripheral for details. See Section “6. Electrical Characteristics” on page 28 for complete oscillator specifications. 16.6.1. External Crystal Mode If a crystal or ceramic resonator is used as the external oscillator, the crystal/resonator and a 10 M resistor must be wired across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins as shown in Figure 16.1, “Crystal Mode”. Appropriate loading capacitors should be added to XTAL1 and XTAL2, and both pins should be configured for analog I/O with the digital output drivers disabled. The capacitors shown in the external crystal configuration provide the load capacitance required by the crystal for correct oscillation. These capacitors are “in series” as seen by the crystal and “in parallel” with the stray capacitance of the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins. Note: The recommended load capacitance depends upon the crystal and the manufacturer. Please refer to the crystal data sheet when completing these calculations. The equation for determining the load capacitance for two capacitors is C A » CB C L = -------------------- + C S CA + CB Where: CA and CB are the capacitors connected to the crystal leads. CS is the total stray capacitance of the PCB. The stray capacitance for a typical layout where the crystal is as close as possible to the pins is 2-5 pF per pin. If CA and CB are the same (C), then the equation becomes C CL = ---- + C S 2 For example, a tuning-fork crystal of 32 kHz with a recommended load capacitance of 12.5 pF should use the configuration shown in Figure 16.1, Option 1. With a stray capacitance of 3 pF per pin (6 pF total), the 13 pF capacitors yield an equivalent capacitance of 12.5 pF across the crystal, as shown in Figure 16.2. Rev. 1.2 93 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 13 pF XTAL1 10 M 32 kHz XTAL2 13 pF Figure 16.2. External Crystal Example Important Note on External Crystals: Crystal oscillator circuits are quite sensitive to PCB layout. The crystal should be placed as close as possible to the XTAL pins on the device. The traces should be as short as possible and shielded with ground plane from any other traces which could introduce noise or interference. When using an external crystal, the external oscillator drive circuit must be configured by software for Crystal Oscillator Mode or Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage. The divide by 2 stage ensures that the clock derived from the external oscillator has a duty cycle of 50%. The External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) must also be specified based on the crystal frequency (see SFR Definition 16.6). When the crystal oscillator is first enabled, the external oscillator valid detector allows software to determine when the external system clock is valid and running. Switching to the external oscillator before the crystal oscillator has stabilized can result in unpredictable behavior. The recommended procedure for starting the crystal is: 1. Configure XTAL1 and XTAL2 for analog I/O. 2. Disable the XTAL1 and XTAL2 digital output drivers by writing 1s to the appropriate bits in the Port Latch register. 3. Configure and enable the external oscillator. 4. Wait at least 1 ms. 5. Poll for XTLVLD => '1'. 6. Switch the system clock to the external oscillator. 94 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 16.6.2. External RC Example If an RC network is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in Figure 16.1, “RC Mode”. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however, for very small capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, first select the RC network value to produce the desired frequency of oscillation, according to Equation , where f = the frequency of oscillation in MHz, C = the capacitor value in pF, and R = the pull-up resistor value in k . 3 f = 1.23 » 10 k  R » C Equation 16.1. RC Mode Oscillator Frequency For example: If the frequency desired is 100 kHz, let R = 246 k and C = 50 pF: f = 1.23( 103 ) / RC = 1.23 ( 103 ) / [ 246 x 50 ] = 0.1 MHz = 100 kHz Referring to the table in SFR Definition 16.6, the required XFCN setting is 010b. 16.6.3. External Capacitor Example If a capacitor is used as an external oscillator for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in Figure 16.1, “C Mode”. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however, for very small capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, select the capacitor to be used and find the frequency of oscillation according to Equation , where f = the frequency of oscillation in MHz, C = the capacitor value in pF, and V DD = the MCU power supply in Volts. f =  KF k  C » V DD Equation 16.2. C Mode Oscillator Frequency For example: Assume VDD = 3.0 V and f = 150 kHz: f = KF / (C x VDD) 0.150 MHz = KF / (C x 3.0) Since the frequency of roughly 150 kHz is desired, select the K Factor from the table in SFR Definition 16.6 (OSCXCN) as KF = 22: 0.150 MHz = 22 / (C x 3.0) C x 3.0 = 22 / 0.150 MHz C = 146.6 / 3.0 pF = 48.8 pF Therefore, the XFCN value to use in this example is 011b and C = 50 pF. Rev. 1.2 95 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 16.6. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control Bit 7 6 Name XCLKVLD Type R Reset 0 0 5 4 3 6:4 XCLKVLD 1 0 XOSCMD[2:0] - XFCN[2:0] R/W R R/W 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xB1 Bit Name 7 2 0 0 0 Function External Oscillator Valid Flag. Provides External Oscillator status and is valid at all times for all modes of operation except External CMOS Clock Mode and External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2. In these modes, XCLKVLD always returns 0. 0: External Oscillator is unused or not yet stable. 1: External Oscillator is running and stable. XOSCMD[2:0] External Oscillator Mode Select. 00x: External Oscillator circuit off. 010: External CMOS Clock Mode. 011: External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2 stage. 100: RC Oscillator Mode. 101: Capacitor Oscillator Mode. 110: Crystal Oscillator Mode. 111: Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage. 3 Unused 2:0 XFCN[2:0] Read = 0; Write = Don’t Care External Oscillator Frequency Control Bits. Set according to the desired frequency for RC mode. Set according to the desired K Factor for C mode. XFCN 96 Crystal Mode RC Mode C Mode 000 f 001 20 kHz f 58 kHz 25 kHz f 50 kHz K Factor = 2.6 010 58 kHz f 155 kHz 50 kHz f 100 kHz K Factor = 7.7 011 155 kHz f 415 kHz 100 kHz f 200 kHz K Factor = 22 100 415 kHz f 1.1 MHz 200 kHz f 400 kHz K Factor = 65 101 1.1 MHz f 3.1 MHz 400 kHz f 800 kHz K Factor = 180 110 3.1 MHz f 8.2 MHz 800 kHz f 1.6 MHz K Factor = 664 111 8.2 MHz f 25 MHz 1.6 MHz f 3.2 MHz K Factor = 1590 20 kHz f Rev. 1.2 25 kHz K Factor = 0.87 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 17. Port Input/Output Digital and analog resources are available through 16 or 15 I/O pins, depending on the specific device. Port pins P0.0-P1.6 can be defined as general-purpose I/O (GPIO), assigned to one of the internal digital resources, or assigned to an analog function as shown in Figure 17.3. Port pin P2.0 on can be used as GPIO and is shared with the C2 Interface Data signal (C2D). The designer has complete control over which functions are assigned, limited only by the number of physical I/O pins. This resource assignment flexibility is achieved through the use of a Priority Crossbar Decoder. Note that the state of a Port I/O pin can always be read in the corresponding Port latch, regardless of the Crossbar settings. The Crossbar assigns the selected internal digital resources to the I/O pins based on the Priority Decoder (Figure 17.4). The registers XBR0, XBR1, and XBR2, defined in SFR Definition 17.1, SFR Definition 17.2, and SFR Definition 17.2, are used to select internal digital functions. All Port I/Os are 5 V tolerant (refer to Figure 17.2 for the Port cell circuit). The Port I/O cells are configured as either push-pull or open-drain in the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT, where n = 0,1). Complete Electrical Specifications for Port I/O are given in Table 6.3 on page 30 XBR0, XBR1, XBR2, PnSKIP Registers Port Match P0MASK, P0MAT P1MASK, P1MAT External Interrupts EX0 and EX1 Priority Decoder PnMDOUT, PnMDIN Registers Highest Priority 2 UART0 4 SPI 2 SMBus P0.0 Digital Crossbar 8 P0 I/O Cells P0.7 SYSCLK 7 2 T0, T1 Lowest Priority P1.0 4 PCA P1.61 2 UART1 P2 I/O Cell 8 P0 P1 I/O Cells (P0.0-P0.7) P2.0 7 P1 (P1.0-P1.6) 1 Note: Not available on C8051T326/7 devices. 1 P2 (P2.0) Figure 17.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram Rev. 1.2 97 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 17.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation Port pins use the Port I/O cell shown in Figure 17.2. Each Port I/O cell can be configured by software for analog I/O or digital I/O using the PnMDIN registers. On reset, all Port I/O cells default to a high impedance state with weak pull-ups enabled until the Crossbar is enabled (XBARE = 1). 17.1.1. Port Pins Configured for Analog I/O Any pins to be used as an external oscillator input/output should be configured for analog I/O (PnMDIN.n = 1). When a pin is configured for analog I/O, its weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver are disabled. Port pins configured for analog I/O will always read back a value of 0. Configuring pins as analog I/O saves power and isolates the Port pin from digital interference. Port pins configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however, this practice is not recommended and may result in measurement errors. 17.1.2. Port Pins Configured For Digital I/O Any pins to be used by digital peripherals (UART, SPI, SMBus, etc.), external digital event capture functions, or as GPIO should be configured as digital I/O (PnMDIN.n = 1). For digital I/O pins, one of two output modes (push-pull or open-drain) must be selected using the PnMDOUT registers. Push-pull outputs (PnMDOUT.n = 1) drive the Port pad to the VIO or GND supply rails based on the output logic value of the Port pin. Open-drain outputs have the high side driver disabled; therefore, they only drive the Port pad to GND when the output logic value is 0 and become high impedance inputs (both high and low drivers turned off) when the output logic value is 1. When a digital I/O cell is placed in the high impedance state, a weak pull-up transistor pulls the Port pad to the VDD supply voltage to ensure the digital input is at a defined logic state. Weak pull-ups are disabled when the I/O cell is driven to GND to minimize power consumption and may be globally disabled by setting WEAKPUD to 1. The user should ensure that digital I/O are always internally or externally pulled or driven to a valid logic state to minimize power consumption. Port pins configured for digital I/O always read back the logic state of the Port pad, regardless of the output logic value of the Port pin. WEAKPUD (Weak Pull-Up Disable) PxMDOUT.x (1 for push-pull) (0 for open-drain) VIO XBARE (Crossbar Enable) (WEAK) PORT PAD Px.x – Output Logic Value (Port Latch or Crossbar) PxMDIN.x (1 for digital) (0 for analog) To/From Analog Peripheral GND Px.x – Input Logic Value (Reads 0 when pin is configured as an analog I/O) Figure 17.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram 98 VIO Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 17.1.3. Interfacing Port I/O to 5 V Logic All Port I/O configured for digital, open-drain operation are capable of interfacing to digital logic operating at a supply voltage higher than VIO and less than 5.25 V. An external pull-up resistor to the higher supply voltage is typically required for most systems. Important Note: In a multi-voltage interface, the external pull-up resistor should be sized to allow a current of at least 150 µA to flow into the Port pin when the supply voltage is between (V IO + 0.6 V) and (VIO + 1.0 V). Once the Port pin voltage increases beyond this range, the current flowing into the Port pin is minimal. 17.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog and Digital Functions Port I/O pins can be assigned to various analog, digital, and external interrupt functions. The Port pins assigned to analog functions should be configured for analog I/O, and Port pins assigned to digital or external interrupt functions should be configured for digital I/O. 17.2.1. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog Functions Table 17.1 shows all available analog functions that require Port I/O assignments. Port pins selected for these analog functions should have their corresponding bit in PnSKIP set to 1. This reserves the pin for use by the analog function and does not allow it to be claimed by the Crossbar. Table 17.1 shows the potential mapping of Port I/O to each analog function. Table 17.1. Port I/O Assignment for Analog Functions Analog Function Potentially Assignable Port Pins SFRs Used for Assignment P0.2, P0.3 OSCXCN, PnSKIP P0.3 OSCXCN, PnSKIP External Oscillator in Crystal Mode (XTAL1, XTAL2) External Oscillator in RC or C Mode (XTAL2) 17.2.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Digital Functions Any Port pins not assigned to analog functions may be assigned to digital functions or used as GPIO. Most digital functions rely on the Crossbar for pin assignment; however, some digital functions bypass the Crossbar in a manner similar to the analog functions listed above. Port pins used by these digital functions and any Port pins selected for use as GPIO should have their corresponding bit in PnSKIP set to 1. Table 17.2 shows all available digital functions and the potential mapping of Port I/O to each digital function. Table 17.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions Digital Function Potentially Assignable Port Pins UART0, SPI0, SMBus, Any Port pin available for assignment by the SYSCLK, PCA0 (CEX0-2 Crossbar. This includes P0.0 - P1.6 pins which and ECI), T0, T1, or UART1. have their PnSKIP bit set to 0. Note: The Crossbar will always assign UART0 pins to P0.4 and P0.5. Any pin used for GPIO P0.0 - P2.0 Note: Port pin P1.6 is only available on C8051T622/3. devices. Rev. 1.2 SFRs Used for Assignment XBR0, XBR1, XBR2 PnSKIP 99 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 17.2.3. Assigning Port I/O Pins to External Digital Event Capture Functions External digital event capture functions can be used to trigger an interrupt or wake the device from a low power mode when a transition occurs on a digital I/O pin. The digital event capture functions do not require dedicated pins and will function on both GPIO pins (PnSKIP = 1) and pins in use by the Crossbar (PnSKIP = 0). External digital event capture functions cannot be used on pins configured for analog I/O. Table 17.3 shows all available external digital event capture functions. Table 17.3. Port I/O Assignment for External Digital Event Capture Functions Digital Function Potentially Assignable Port Pins SFR(s) used for Assignment External Interrupt 0 P0.0–P0.7 IT01CF External Interrupt 1 P0.0–P0.7 IT01CF Port Match P0.0–P1.6 P0MASK, P0MAT P1MASK, P1MAT Note: Port pin P1.6 is available only on C8051T622/3 devices. 17.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder The Priority Crossbar Decoder assigns a priority to each I/O function, starting at the top with UART0. When a digital resource is selected, the least-significant unassigned Port pin is assigned to that resource (excluding UART0, which is always at pins 4 and 5). If a Port pin is assigned, the Crossbar skips that pin when assigning the next selected resource. Additionally, the Crossbar will skip Port pins whose associated bits in the PnSKIP registers are set. The PnSKIP registers allow software to skip Port pins that are to be used for analog input, dedicated functions, or GPIO. Because of the nature of the Priority Crossbar Decoder, not all peripherals can be located on all port pins. Figure 17.3 shows the possible pins on which peripheral I/O can appear. Important Note on Crossbar Configuration: If a Port pin is claimed by a peripheral without use of the Crossbar, its corresponding PnSKIP bit should be set. The Crossbar skips selected pins as if they were already assigned, and moves to the next unassigned pin. Registers XBR0, XBR1, and XBR2 are used to assign the digital I/O resources to the physical I/O Port pins. Note that when the SMBus is selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the SMBus (SDA and SCL); when a UART is selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the UART (TX and RX). UART0 pin assignments are fixed for bootloading purposes: UART TX0 is always assigned to P0.4; UART RX0 is always assigned to P0.5. Standard Port I/Os appear contiguously after the prioritized functions have been assigned. Figure 17.4 and Figure 17.5 show examples of how the crossbar assigns peripherals according to the XBRn and PnSKIP register settings. Important Note: The SPI can be operated in either 3-wire or 4-wire modes, pending the state of the NSSMD1–NSSMD0 bits in register SPI0CN. According to the SPI mode, the NSS signal may or may not be routed to a Port pin. 100 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 P o rt P in N u m b e r P0 0 1 2 0 0 0 P1 5 6 7 0 1 2 4 5 61 0 0 0 P 0 S K IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P 1 S K IP 0 0 3 4 3 0 S p e c ia l F u n ctio n S ig n a ls TX0 RX0 SC K M IS O MOSI NSS2 SD A SC L SYSC LK CEX0 CEX1 CEX2 ECI T0 T1 TX1 RX1 P in S k ip S e ttin g s P in s P 0 .0 -P 1 .6 1 a re ca p a b le o f b e in g a ss ig n e d to cro ss b a r p e rip h e ra ls . T h e c ro s s b a r p e rip h e ra ls a re a ss ig n e d in p rio rity o rd e r fro m to p to b o tto m , a c co rd in g to th is d ia g ra m . T h e s e b o xe s re p re s e n t P o rt p in s w h ic h c a n p o te n tia lly b e a s sig n e d to a p e rip h e ra l. S p e cia l F u n c tio n S ig n a ls a re n o t a s s ig n e d b y th e c ro s s b a r . W h e n th e s e s ig n a ls a re e n a b le d , th e C ro s s b a r s h o u ld b e m a n u a lly c o n fig u re d to skip th e co rre sp o n d in g p o rt p in s . P in s ca n b e “sk ip p e d ” b y se ttin g th e c o rre s p o n d in g b it in P n S K IP to ‘1 ’. N o te s: 1 . P 1 .6 is n o t a v a ila b le o n a ll d e vic e s. 2 . N S S is o n ly p in n e d o u t w h e n th e S P I is in 4 -w ire m o d e . Figure 17.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder Potential Pin Assignments Rev. 1.2 101 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 P o rt P in N u m b e r P0 P1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S p e c ia l F u n c tio n S ig n a ls TX0 RX0 SCK M IS O MOSI NSS SDA SCL SYS CLK CEX0 CEX1 CEX2 ECI T0 T1 TX1 RX1 P in S k ip S e ttin g s P 0 S K IP P 1 S K IP In th is e x a m p le , th e c ro s s b a r is c o n fig u re d to a s s ig n th e U A R T T X 0 a n d R X 0 s ig n a ls , th e S P I s ig n a ls , a n d th e P C A s ig n a ls . N o te th a t th e S P I s ig n a ls a r e a s s ig n e d a s m u ltip le s ig n a ls , a n d th e re a re n o p in s s k ip p e d u s in g th e P 0 S K IP o r P 1 S K IP re g is te rs . T h e s e b o x e s re p re s e n t th e p o rt p in s w h ic h a re u s e d b y th e p e rip h e ra ls in th is c o n fig u ra tio n . 1 s t T X 0 is a s s ig n e d to P 0 .4 2 n d R X 0 is a s s ig n e d to P 0 .5 3 rd S C K , M IS O , M O S I, a n d N S S a re a s s ig n e d to P 0 .0 , P 0 .1 , P 0 .2 , a n d P 0 .3 , re s p e c tiv e ly . 4 th C E X 0 , C E X 1 , a n d C E X 2 a r e a s s ig n e d to P 0 .6 , P 0 .7 , a n d P 1 .0 , re s p e c tiv e ly . A ll u n a s s ig n e d p in s c a n b e u s e d a s G P IO o r fo r o th e r n o n -c ro s s b a r fu n c tio n s . N o te s : 1 . P 1 .6 is n o t a v a ila b le o n a ll d e v ic e s . Figure 17.4. Priority Crossbar Decoder Example 1—No Skipped Pins 102 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 P o rt P in N u m b e r P0 0 1 2 1 0 1 P1 5 6 7 0 1 2 4 5 61 1 0 0 P 0 S K IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P 1 S K IP 0 0 3 4 3 0 S p e c ia l F u n c tio n S ig n a ls TX0 RX0 SCK M IS O MOSI NSS SDA SCL SYSCLK CEX0 CEX1 CEX2 ECI T0 T1 TX1 RX1 P in S k ip S e ttin g s In th is e x a m p le , th e cro s s b a r is c o n fig u re d to a s sig n th e U A R T T X 0 a n d R X 0 s ig n a ls , th e S P I s ig n a ls , a n d th e P C A s ig n a ls . N o te th a t th e S P I s ig n a ls a re a s s ig n e d a s m u ltip le sig n a ls. A d d itio n a lly , p in s P 0 .0 , P 0 .2 , a n d P 0 .3 a re c o n fig u re d to b e s k ip p e d u s in g th e P 0 S K IP re g is te r. T h e se b o x e s re p re s e n t th e p o rt p in s w h ic h a re u s e d b y th e p e rip h e ra ls in th is c o n fig u ra tio n . 1 s t T X 0 is a s sig n e d to P 0 .4 2 n d R X 0 is a s sig n e d to P 0 .5 3 rd S C K , M IS O , M O S I, a n d N S S a re a s s ig n e d to P 0 .1 , P 0 .6 , P 0 .7 , a n d P 1 .0 , re s p e c tiv e ly. 4 th C E X 0 , C E X 1 , a n d C E X 2 a re a s s ig n e d to P 1 .1 , P 1 .2 , a n d P 1 .3 , re s p e ctiv e ly . A ll u n a s s ig n e d p in s, in c lu d in g th o s e s k ip p e d b y X B R 0 c a n b e u se d a s G P IO o r fo r o th e r n o n -c ro s s b a r fu n c tio n s . N o te s : 1 . P 1 .6 is n o t a v a ila b le o n a ll d e v ic e s . Figure 17.5. Priority Crossbar Decoder Example 2—Skipping Pins Rev. 1.2 103 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 17.4. Port I/O Initialization Port I/O initialization consists of the following steps: 1. Select the input mode (analog or digital) for all Port pins, using the Port Input Mode register (PnMDIN). 2. Select the output mode (open-drain or push-pull) for all Port pins, using the Port Output Mode register (PnMDOUT). 3. Select any pins to be skipped by the I/O Crossbar using the Port Skip registers (PnSKIP). 4. Assign Port pins to desired peripherals (XBR0, XBR1, XBR2). 5. Enable the Crossbar (XBARE = 1). All Port pins must be configured as either analog or digital inputs. When a pin is configured as an analog input, its weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver are disabled. This process saves power and reduces noise on the analog input. Pins configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however this practice is not recommended. Additionally, all analog input pins should be configured to be skipped by the Crossbar (accomplished by setting the associated bits in PnSKIP). Port input mode is set in the PnMDIN register, where a 1 indicates a digital input, and a 0 indicates an analog input. All pins default to digital inputs on reset. See SFR Definition 17.9 and SFR Definition 17.13 for the PnMDIN register details. The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT). Each Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL) pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the PnMDOUT settings. When the WEAKPUD bit in XBR1 is 0, a weak pullup is enabled for all Port I/O configured as open-drain. WEAKPUD does not affect the push-pull Port I/O. Furthermore, the weak pullup is turned off on an output that is driving a 0 to avoid unnecessary power dissipation. Registers XBR0, XBR1, and XBR2 must be loaded with the appropriate values to select the digital I/O functions required by the design. Setting the XBARE bit in XBR1 to 1 enables the Crossbar. Until the Crossbar is enabled, the external pins remain as standard Port I/O (in input mode), regardless of the XBRn Register settings. For given XBRn Register settings, one can determine the I/O pin-out using the Priority Decode Table; as an alternative, the Configuration Wizard utility of the Silicon Labs IDE software will determine the Port I/O pin-assignments based on the XBRn Register settings. The Crossbar must be enabled to use Port pins as standard Port I/O in output mode. Port output drivers are disabled while the Crossbar is disabled. 104 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 2 1 0 SYSCKE SMB0E SPI0E URT0E Type R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xE1 Bit Name 7:4 Unused 3 SYSCKE Function Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. /SYSCLK Output Enable. The source of this signal is determined by the OUTCLK bit (see SFR Definition 16.1). 0: /SYSCLK unavailable at Port pin. 1: /SYSCLK output routed to Port pin. 2 SMB0E SMBus I/O Enable. 0: SMBus I/O unavailable at Port pins. 1: SMBus I/O routed to Port pins. 1 SPI0E SPI I/O Enable. 0: SPI I/O unavailable at Port pins. 1: SPI I/O routed to Port pins. Note that the SPI can be assigned either 3 or 4 GPIO pins. 0 URT0E UART I/O Output Enable. 0: UART I/O unavailable at Port pin. 1: UART TX0, RX0 routed to Port pins P0.4 and P0.5. Rev. 1.2 105 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 Bit 7 Name WEAKPUD 6 5 4 3 XBARE T1E T0E ECIE PCA0ME[2:0] R/W Type R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xE2 Bit Name 7 WEAKPUD 2 0 1 0 0 0 Function Port I/O Weak Pullup Disable. 0: Weak Pullups enabled (except for Ports whose I/O are configured for analog mode). 1: Weak Pullups disabled. 6 XBARE Crossbar Enable. 0: Crossbar disabled. 1: Crossbar enabled. 5 T1E T1 Enable. 0: T1 unavailable at Port pin. 1: T1 routed to Port pin. 4 T0E T0 Enable. 0: T0 unavailable at Port pin. 1: T0 routed to Port pin. 3 ECIE PCA0 External Counter Input Enable. 0: ECI unavailable at Port pin. 1: ECI routed to Port pin. 2:0 PCA0ME[2:0] PCA Module I/O Enable Bits. 000: All PCA I/O unavailable at Port pins. 001: CEX0 routed to Port pin. 010: CEX0, CEX1 routed to Port pins. 011: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2 routed to Port pins. 100-111: Reserved. 106 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.3. XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar Register 2 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Name 0 URT1E Type R R R R R R R R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xE3 Bit Name Function 7:1 Unused Unused. Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care. 0 URT1E UART1 I/O Output Enable Bit. 0: UART1 I/O unavailable at Port pins. 1: UART1 TX1, RX1 routed to Port pins. 17.5. Port Match Port match functionality allows system events to be triggered by a logic value change on P0 or P1. A software controlled value stored in the PnMATCH registers specifies the expected or normal logic values of P0 and P1. A Port mismatch event occurs if the logic levels of the Port’s input pins no longer match the software controlled value. This allows Software to be notified if a certain change or pattern occurs on P0 or P1 input pins regardless of the XBRn settings. The PnMASK registers can be used to individually select which P0 and P1 pins should be compared against the PnMATCH registers. A Port mismatch event is generated if (P0 & P0MASK) does not equal (P0MATCH & P0MASK) or if (P1 & P1MASK) does not equal (P1MATCH & P1MASK). A Port mismatch event may be used to generate an interrupt or wake the device from a low power mode, such as IDLE or SUSPEND. See the Interrupts and Power Options chapters for more details on interrupt and wake-up sources. Rev. 1.2 107 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.4. P0MASK: Port 0 Mask Register Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name P0MASK[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xAE Bit Name 7:0 P0MASK[7:0] 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function Port 0 Mask Value. Selects P0 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P0MAT. 0: P0.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event. 1: P0.n pin logic value is compared to P0MAT.n. SFR Definition 17.5. P0MAT: Port 0 Match Register Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name P0MAT[7:0] Type R/W Reset 1 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0x84 Bit Name 7:0 P0MAT[7:0] 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 Function Port 0 Match Value. Match comparison value used on Port 0 for bits in P0MASK which are set to 1. 0: P0.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW. 1: P0.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH. 108 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.6. P1MASK: Port 1 Mask Register Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name P1MASK[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xBA Bit Name 7:0 P1MASK[7:0] 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function Port 1 Mask Value. Selects P1 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P1MAT. 0: P1.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event. 1: P1.n pin logic value is compared to P1MAT.n. SFR Definition 17.7. P1MAT: Port 1 Match Register Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name P1MAT[7:0] Type R/W Reset 1 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0xB6 Bit Name 7:0 P1MAT[7:0] 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 Function Port 1 Match Value. Match comparison value used on Port 1 for bits in P1MASK which are set to 1. 0: P1.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW. 1: P1.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH. 17.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing and Configuring Port I/O All Port I/O are accessed through corresponding special function registers (SFRs) that are both byte addressable and bit addressable. When writing to a Port, the value written to the SFR is latched to maintain the output data value at each pin. When reading, the logic levels of the Port's input pins are returned regardless of the XBRn settings (i.e., even when the pin is assigned to another signal by the Crossbar, the Port register can always read its corresponding Port I/O pin). The exception to this is the execution of the read-modify-write instructions that target a Port Latch register as the destination. The read-modify-write instructions when operating on a Port SFR are the following: ANL, ORL, XRL, JBC, CPL, INC, DEC, DJNZ and MOV, CLR or SETB, when the destination is an individual bit in a Port SFR. For these instructions, the value of the latch register (not the pin) is read, modified, and written back to the SFR. Each Port has a corresponding PnSKIP register which allows its individual Port pins to be assigned to digital functions or skipped by the Crossbar. All Port pins used for analog functions or GPIO should have their PnSKIP bit set to 1. Rev. 1.2 109 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 The Port input mode of the I/O pins is defined using the Port Input Mode registers (PnMDIN). Each Port cell can be configured for analog or digital I/O. This selection is required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only exception to this is P2.0, which can only be used for digital I/O. The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT). Each Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL) pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the PnMDOUT settings. SFR Definition 17.8. P0: Port 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 Name P0[7:0] Type R/W Reset 1 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0x80; Bit-Addressable Bit Name Description 7:0 P0[7:0] Port 0 Data. Sets the Port latch logic value or reads the Port pin logic state in Port cells configured for digital I/O. 110 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 Write 0: Set output latch to logic LOW. 1: Set output latch to logic HIGH. Rev. 1.2 Read 0: P0.n Port pin is logic LOW. 1: P0.n Port pin is logic HIGH. C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.9. P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name P0MDIN[7:0] Type R/W Reset 1 1 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0xF1 Bit Name 7:0 P0MDIN[7:0] 2 1 0 1 1 1 Function Analog Configuration Bits for P0.7–P0.0 (respectively). Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled. 0: Corresponding P0.n pin is configured for analog mode. 1: Corresponding P0.n pin is not configured for analog mode. SFR Definition 17.10. P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name P0MDOUT[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xA4 Bit Name 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function 7:0 P0MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P0.7–P0.0 (respectively). These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P0MDIN is logic 0. 0: Corresponding P0.n Output is open-drain. 1: Corresponding P0.n Output is push-pull. Rev. 1.2 111 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.11. P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name P0SKIP[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xD4 Bit Name 7:0 P0SKIP[7:0] 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function Port 0 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits. These bits select Port 0 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar. 0: Corresponding P0.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar. 1: Corresponding P0.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar. SFR Definition 17.12. P1: Port 1 Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 2 1 0 1 1 1 P1[6:0] Type R Reset 1 R/W 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0x90; Bit-Addressable Bit Name Description Unused Unused. Read = 1b. Write = don’t care. 6:0 P1[6:0] Port 1 Data. Sets the Port latch logic value or reads the Port pin logic state in Port cells configured for digital I/O. 1 Write 7 112 3 0: Set output latch to logic LOW. 1: Set output latch to logic HIGH. Rev. 1.2 Read 0: P1.n Port pin is logic LOW. 1: P1.n Port pin is logic HIGH. C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.13. P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 P1MDIN[6:0] Type R Reset 0 R/W 1 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0xF2 Bit Name 7 Unused 6:0 P1MDIN[6:0] Function Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. Analog Configuration Bits for P1.6–P1.0 (respectively). Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled. 0: Corresponding P1.n pin is configured for analog mode. 1: Corresponding P1.n pin is not configured for analog mode. Note: P1.6 is not available on all devices SFR Definition 17.14. P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 1 0 0 0 0 P1MDOUT[6:0] Type R Reset 0 R/W 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xA5 Bit Name 7 2 Unused 0 Function Unused/ Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. 6:0 P1MDOUT[6:0] Output Configuration Bits for P1.7–P1.0 (respectively). These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P1MDIN is logic 0. 0: Corresponding P1.n Output is open-drain. 1: Corresponding P1.n Output is push-pull. Note: P1.6 is not available on all devices Rev. 1.2 113 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.15. P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 P1SKIP[6:0] Type R Reset 0 R/W 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xD5 Bit Name 7 Unused 6:0 P1SKIP[6:0] 0 Function Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. Port 1 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits. These bits select Port 1 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar. 0: Corresponding P1.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar. 1: Corresponding P1.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar. Note: P1.6 is not available on all devices SFR Definition 17.16. P2: Port 2 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name P2[0] Type R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xA0; Bit-Addressable Bit Name Description 7:1 P2[7:0] 0 P2[0] R R/W 0 0 1 Write Read Unused. Don’t Care 0000000b Port 2 Data. 0: Set output latch to logic LOW. 1: Set output latch to logic HIGH. 0: P2.0 Port pin is logic LOW. 1: P2.0 Port pin is logic HIGH. Sets the Port latch logic value or reads the Port pin logic state in Port cells configured for digital I/O. 114 0 R Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 17.17. P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Name 0 P2MDOUT[0] Type R R R R R R R R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xA6 Bit Name 7:1 Unused 0 P2MDOUT[0] Function Unused. Read = 0000000b. Write = don’t care. Output Configuration Bit for P2.0.. 0: P2.0 Output is open-drain. 1: P2.0 Output is push-pull. Rev. 1.2 115 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 18. Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB0) C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 devices include a complete Full/Low Speed USB function for USB peripheral implementations. The USB Function Controller (USB0) consists of a Serial Interface Engine (SIE), USB Transceiver (including matching resistors and configurable pull-up resistors), 256-Byte FIFO block, and clock recovery mechanism for crystal-less operation. No external components are required. The USB Function Controller and Transceiver is Universal Serial Bus Specification 2.0 compliant. Transceiver Serial Interface Engine (SIE) Endpoint0 VDD IN/OUT D+ Data Transfer Control D- Endpoint1 IN Endpoint2 OUT IN USB Control, Status, and Interrupt Registers CIP-51 Core OUT USB FIFOs (256 bytes RAM) Figure 18.1. USB0 Block Diagram Important Note: This document assumes a comprehensive understanding of the USB Protocol. Terms and abbreviations used in this document are defined in the USB Specification. We encourage you to review the latest version of the USB Specification before proceeding. Note: The C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 cannot be used as a USB Host device. 18.1. Endpoint Addressing A total of six endpoint pipes are available. The control endpoint (Endpoint0) always functions as a bi-directional IN/OUT endpoint. The other endpoints are implemented as two pairs of IN/OUT endpoint pipes: Rev. 1.2 116 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 18.1. Endpoint Addressing Scheme Endpoint Associated Pipes USB Protocol Address Endpoint0 Endpoint0 IN 0x00 Endpoint0 OUT 0x00 Endpoint1 IN 0x81 Endpoint1 OUT 0x01 Endpoint2 IN 0x82 Endpoint2 OUT 0x02 Endpoint1 Endpoint2 18.2. USB Transceiver The USB Transceiver is configured via the USB0XCN register shown in SFR Definition 18.1. This configuration includes Transceiver enable/disable, pull-up resistor enable/disable, and device speed selection (Full or Low Speed). When bit SPEED = 1, USB0 operates as a Full Speed USB function, and the on-chip pull-up resistor (if enabled) appears on the D+ pin. When bit SPEED = 0, USB0 operates as a Low Speed USB function, and the on-chip pull-up resistor (if enabled) appears on the D- pin. Bits4-0 of register USB0XCN can be used for Transceiver testing as described in SFR Definition 18.1. The pull-up resistor is enabled only when VBUS is present (see Section “7.1.2. VBUS Detection” on page 35 for details on VBUS detection). Important Note: The USB clock should be active before the Transceiver is enabled. 117 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 18.1. USB0XCN: USB0 Transceiver Control Bit 7 6 5 Name PREN PHYEN SPEED Type R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 4 3 2 1 0 PHYTST[1:0] DFREC Dp Dn R/W R R R 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xD7 Bit Name 7 PREN 0 Function Internal Pull-up Resistor Enable. The location of the pull-up resistor (D+ or D-) is determined by the SPEED bit. 0: Internal pull-up resistor disabled (device effectively detached from USB network). 1: Internal pull-up resistor enabled when VBUS is present (device attached to the USB network). 6 PHYEN Physical Layer Enable. 0: USB0 physical layer Transceiver disabled (suspend). 1: USB0 physical layer Transceiver enabled (normal). 5 SPEED USB0 Speed Select. This bit selects the USB0 speed. 0: USB0 operates as a Low Speed device. If enabled, the internal pull-up resistor appears on the D– line. 1: USB0 operates as a Full Speed device. If enabled, the internal pull-up resistor appears on the D+ line. 4:3 PHYTST[1:0] Physical Layer Test Bits. 00: Mode 0: Normal (non-test mode) (D+ = X, D- = X) 01: Mode 1: Differential 1 Forced (D+ = 1, D- = 0) 10: Mode 2: Differential 0 Forced (D+ = 0, D- = 1) 11: Mode 3: Single-Ended 0 Forced (D+ = 0, D– = 0) 2 DFREC Differential Receiver Bit The state of this bit indicates the current differential value present on the D+ and Dlines when PHYEN = 1. 0: Differential 0 signalling on the bus. 1: Differential 1 signalling on the bus. 1 Dp D+ Signal Status. This bit indicates the current logic level of the D+ pin. 0: D+ signal currently at logic 0. 1: D+ signal currently at logic 1. 0 Dn D– Signal Status. This bit indicates the current logic level of the D- pin. 0: D- signal currently at logic 0. 1: D- signal currently at logic 1. Rev. 1.2 118 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 18.3. USB Register Access The USB0 controller registers listed in Table 18.2 are accessed through two SFRs: USB0 Address (USB0ADR) and USB0 Data (USB0DAT). The USB0ADR register selects which USB register is targeted by reads/writes of the USB0DAT register. See Figure 18.2. Endpoint control/status registers are accessed by first writing the USB register INDEX with the target endpoint number. Once the target endpoint number is written to the INDEX register, the control/status registers associated with the target endpoint may be accessed. See the “Indexed Registers” section of Table 18.2 for a list of endpoint control/status registers. Important Note: The USB clock must be active when accessing USB registers. 8051 SFRs USB Controller Interrupt Registers FIFO Access Common Registers Index Register USB0DAT Endpoint0 Control/ Status Registers Endpoint1 Control/ Status Registers Endpoint2 Control/ Status Registers USB0ADR Figure 18.2. USB0 Register Access Scheme 119 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 18.2. USB0ADR: USB0 Indirect Address Bit 7 6 Name BUSY AUTORD USBADDR[5:0] Type R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 SFR Address = 0x96 Bit Name 7 BUSY 6 AUTORD 5 0 4 0 Description 3 2 0 0 Write USB0 Register Read Busy Flag. 0: No effect. 1: A USB0 indirect regisThis bit is used during ter read is initiated at the indirect USB0 register address specified by the USBADDR bits. accesses. 1 0 0 0 Read 0: USB0DAT register data is valid. 1: USB0 is busy accessing an indirect register; USB0DAT register data is invalid. USB0 Register Auto-read Flag. This bit is used for block FIFO reads. 0: BUSY must be written manually for each USB0 indirect register read. 1: The next indirect register read will automatically be initiated when software reads USB0DAT (USBADDR bits will not be changed). 5:0 USBADDR[5:0] USB0 Indirect Register Address Bits. These bits hold a 6-bit address used to indirectly access the USB0 core registers. Table 18.2 lists the USB0 core registers and their indirect addresses. Reads and writes to USB0DAT will target the register indicated by the USBADDR bits. Rev. 1.2 120 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 18.3. USB0DAT: USB0 Data Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name USB0DAT[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 SFR Address = 0x97 Bit Name 7:0 0 0 Description USB0DAT[7:0] USB0 Data Bits. This SFR is used to indirectly read and write USB0 registers. 121 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Write Read Write Procedure: 1. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => 0. 2. Load the target USB0 register address into the USBADDR bits in register USB0ADR. 3. Write data to USB0DAT. 4. Repeat (Step 2 may be skipped when writing to the same USB0 register). Read Procedure: 1. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => 0. 2. Load the target USB0 register address into the USBADDR bits in register USB0ADR. 3. Write 1 to the BUSY bit in register USB0ADR (steps 2 and 3 can be performed in the same write). 4. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => 0. 5. Read data from USB0DAT. 6. Repeat from Step 2 (Step 2 may be skipped when reading the same USB0 register; Step 3 may be skipped when the AUTORD bit (USB0ADR.6) is logic 1). Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 18.2. USB0 Controller Registers USB Register Name USB Register Address Description Page Number Interrupt Registers IN1INT 0x02 Endpoint0 and Endpoints1-2 IN Interrupt Flags 131 OUT1INT 0x04 Endpoints1-2 OUT Interrupt Flags 132 CMINT 0x06 Common USB Interrupt Flags 133 IN1IE 0x07 Endpoint0 and Endpoints1-2 IN Interrupt Enables 134 OUT1IE 0x09 Endpoints1-2 OUT Interrupt Enables 135 CMIE 0x0B Common USB Interrupt Enables 136 Common Registers FADDR 0x00 Function Address 127 POWER 0x01 Power Management 129 FRAMEL 0x0C Frame Number Low Byte 130 FRAMEH 0x0D Frame Number High Byte 130 INDEX 0x0E Endpoint Index Selection 123 CLKREC 0x0F Clock Recovery Control 124 EENABLE 0x1E Endpoint Enable 141 FIFOn 0x20-0x22 Endpoints0-2 FIFOs 126 Indexed Registers E0CSR EINCSRL 0x11 Endpoint0 Control / Status 139 Endpoint IN Control / Status Low Byte 143 EINCSRH 0x12 Endpoint IN Control / Status High Byte 144 EOUTCSRL 0x14 Endpoint OUT Control / Status Low Byte 146 EOUTCSRH 0x15 Endpoint OUT Control / Status High Byte 147 Number of Received Bytes in Endpoint0 FIFO 140 Endpoint OUT Packet Count Low Byte 147 Endpoint OUT Packet Count High Byte 148 E0CNT EOUTCNTL EOUTCNTH 0x16 0x17 Rev. 1.2 122 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.4. INDEX: USB0 Endpoint Index Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 Name 1 0 EPSEL[3:0] Type R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x0E Bit Name 7:4 Unused 3:0 EPSEL[3:0] R/W 0 0 0 0 Function Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Endpoint Select Bits. These bits select which endpoint is targeted when indexed USB0 registers are accessed. 0000: Endpoint 0 0001: Endpoint 1 0010: Endpoint 2 0011-1111: Reserved. 18.4. USB Clock Configuration USB0 is capable of communication as a Full or Low Speed USB function. Communication speed is selected via the SPEED bit in SFR USB0XCN. When operating as a Low Speed function, the USB0 clock must be 6 MHz. When operating as a Full Speed function, the USB0 clock must be 48 MHz. Clock options are described in Section “16. Oscillators and Clock Selection” on page 86. The USB0 clock is selected via SFR CLKSEL (see SFR Definition 16.1). Clock Recovery circuitry uses the incoming USB data stream to adjust the internal oscillator; this allows the internal oscillator to meet the requirements for USB clock tolerance. Clock Recovery should be used in the following configurations: Communication Speed USB Clock Full Speed Internal Oscillator Low Speed Internal Oscillator / 8 When operating USB0 as a Low Speed function with Clock Recovery, software must write 1 to the CRLOW bit to enable Low Speed Clock Recovery. Clock Recovery is typically not necessary in Low Speed mode. Single Step Mode can be used to help the Clock Recovery circuitry to lock when high noise levels are present on the USB network. This mode is not required (or recommended) in typical USB environments. 123 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.5. CLKREC: Clock Recovery Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name CRE CRSSEN CRLOW Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Type R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 USB Register Address = 0x0F Bit Name 7 CRE Function Clock Recovery Enable Bit. This bit enables/disables the USB clock recovery feature. 0: Clock recovery disabled. 1: Clock recovery enabled. 6 CRSSEN Clock Recovery Single Step. This bit forces the oscillator calibration into ‘single-step’ mode during clock recovery. 0: Normal calibration mode. 1: Single step mode. 5 CRLOW Low Speed Clock Recovery Mode. This bit must be set to 1 if clock recovery is used when operating as a Low Speed USB device. 0: Full Speed Mode. 1: Low Speed Mode. 4:0 Reserved Reserved. Read = Variable. Must Write = 01111b. 18.5. FIFO Management 256 bytes of on-chip XRAM are used as FIFO space for USB0. This FIFO space is split between Endpoints0-2 as shown in Figure 18.3. FIFO space allocated for Endpoints1-2 is configurable as IN, OUT, or both (Split Mode: half IN, half OUT). Rev. 1.2 124 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 0x04FF Endpoint0 (64 bytes) 0x04C0 0x04BF Endpoint1 (128 bytes) Configurable as IN, OUT, or both (Split Mode) 0x0440 0x043F Endpoint2 (64 bytes) 0x0400 USBClock Domain SystemClock Domain 0x03FF User XRAM (1024 bytes) 0x0000 Figure 18.3. USB FIFO Allocation 18.5.1. FIFO Split Mode The FIFO space for Endpoints1-2 can be split such that the upper half of the FIFO space is used by the IN endpoint, and the lower half is used by the OUT endpoint. For example: if the Endpoint1 FIFO is configured for Split Mode, the upper 64 bytes (0x0480 to 0x04BF) are used by Endpoint1 IN and the lower 64 bytes (0x0440 to 0x047F) are used by Endpoint1 OUT. If an endpoint FIFO is not configured for Split Mode, that endpoint IN/OUT pair’s FIFOs are combined to form a single IN or OUT FIFO. In this case only one direction of the endpoint IN/OUT pair may be used at a time. The endpoint direction (IN/OUT) is determined by the DIRSEL bit in the corresponding endpoint’s EINCSRH register (see SFR Definition 18.13). 18.5.2. FIFO Double Buffering FIFO slots for Endpoints1-2 can be configured for double-buffered mode. In this mode, the maximum packet size is halved and the FIFO may contain two packets at a time. This mode is available for Endpoints1-2. When an endpoint is configured for Split Mode, double buffering may be enabled for the IN Endpoint and/or the OUT endpoint. When Split Mode is not enabled, double-buffering may be enabled for the entire endpoint FIFO. See Table 18.3 for a list of maximum packet sizes for each FIFO configuration. 125 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 18.3. FIFO Configurations Endpoint Number Split Mode Enabled? 0 N/A 64 N 128 / 64 1 Maximum IN Packet Size (Double Buffer Disabled / Enabled) Y 64 / 32 64 / 32 N 2 Maximum OUT Packet Size (Double Buffer Disabled / Enabled) 64/ 32 Y 32 / 16 32 / 16 18.5.1. FIFO Access Each endpoint FIFO is accessed through a corresponding FIFOn register. A read of an endpoint FIFOn register unloads one byte from the FIFO; a write of an endpoint FIFOn register loads one byte into the endpoint FIFO. When an endpoint FIFO is configured for Split Mode, a read of the endpoint FIFOn register unloads one byte from the OUT endpoint FIFO; a write of the endpoint FIFOn register loads one byte into the IN endpoint FIFO. USB Register Definition 18.6. FIFOn: USB0 Endpoint FIFO Access Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name FIFODATA[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x20-0x22 Bit Name 7:0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function FIFODATA[7:0] Endpoint FIFO Access Bits. USB Addresses 0x20-0x22 provide access to the 4 pairs of endpoint FIFOs: 0x20: Endpoint 0 0x21: Endpoint 1 0x22: Endpoint 2 Writing to the FIFO address loads data into the IN FIFO for the corresponding endpoint. Reading from the FIFO address unloads data from the OUT FIFO for the corresponding endpoint. Rev. 1.2 126 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 18.6. Function Addressing The FADDR register holds the current USB0 function address. Software should write the host-assigned 7bit function address to the FADDR register when received as part of a SET_ADDRESS command. A new address written to FADDR will not take effect (USB0 will not respond to the new address) until the end of the current transfer (typically following the status phase of the SET_ADDRESS command transfer). The UPDATE bit (FADDR.7) is set to 1 by hardware when software writes a new address to the FADDR register. Hardware clears the UPDATE bit when the new address takes effect as described above. USB Register Definition 18.7. FADDR: USB0 Function Address Bit 7 6 Name UPDATE FADDR[6:0] Type R R/W Reset 0 0 5 4 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x00 Bit Name 7 UPDATE 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function Function Address Update Bit. Set to 1 when software writes the FADDR register. USB0 clears this bit to 0 when the new address takes effect. 0: The last address written to FADDR is in effect. 1: The last address written to FADDR is not yet in effect. 6:0 FADDR[6:0] Function Address Bits. Holds the 7-bit function address for USB0. This address should be written by software when the SET_ADDRESS standard device request is received on Endpoint0. The new address takes effect when the device request completes. 18.7. Function Configuration and Control The USB register POWER (USB Register Definition 18.8) is used to configure and control USB0 at the device level (enable/disable, Reset/Suspend/Resume handling, etc.). USB Reset: The USBRST bit (POWER.3) is set to 1 by hardware when Reset signaling is detected on the bus. Upon this detection, the following occur: 1. The USB0 Address is reset (FADDR = 0x00). 2. Endpoint FIFOs are flushed. 3. Control/status registers are reset to 0x00 (E0CSR, EINCSRL, EINCSRH, EOUTCSRL, EOUTCSRH). 4. USB register INDEX is reset to 0x00. 5. All USB interrupts (excluding the Suspend interrupt) are enabled and their corresponding flags cleared. 6. A USB Reset interrupt is generated if enabled. Writing a 1 to the USBRST bit will generate an asynchronous USB0 reset. All USB registers are reset to their default values following this asynchronous reset. Suspend Mode: With Suspend Detection enabled (SUSEN = 1), USB0 will enter Suspend Mode when Suspend signaling is detected on the bus. An interrupt will be generated if enabled (SUSINTE = 1). The 127 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Suspend Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) should perform application-specific configuration tasks such as disabling appropriate peripherals and/or configuring clock sources for low power modes. See Section “16.3. Programmable Internal High-Frequency (H-F) Oscillator” on page 89 for more details on internal oscillator configuration, including the Suspend mode feature of the internal oscillator. USB0 exits Suspend mode when any of the following occur: (1) Resume signaling is detected or generated, (2) Reset signaling is detected, or (3) a device or USB reset occurs. If suspended, the internal oscillator will exit Suspend mode upon any of the above listed events. Resume Signaling: USB0 will exit Suspend mode if Resume signaling is detected on the bus. A Resume interrupt will be generated upon detection if enabled (RESINTE = 1). Software may force a Remote Wakeup by writing 1 to the RESUME bit (POWER.2). When forcing a Remote Wakeup, software should write RESUME = 0 to end Resume signaling 10-15 ms after the Remote Wakeup is initiated (RESUME = 1). ISO Update: When software writes 1 to the ISOUP bit (POWER.7), the ISO Update function is enabled. With ISO Update enabled, new packets written to an ISO IN endpoint will not be transmitted until a new Start-Of-Frame (SOF) is received. If the ISO IN endpoint receives an IN token before a SOF, USB0 will transmit a zero-length packet. When ISOUP = 1, ISO Update is enabled for all ISO endpoints. USB Enable: USB0 is disabled following a Power-On-Reset (POR). USB0 is enabled by clearing the USBINH bit (POWER.4). Once written to 0, the USBINH can only be set to 1 by one of the following: (1) a Power-On-Reset (POR), or (2) an asynchronous USB0 reset generated by writing 1 to the USBRST bit (POWER.3). Software should perform all USB0 configuration before enabling USB0. The configuration sequence should be performed as follows: 1. Select and enable the USB clock source. 2. Reset USB0 by writing USBRST= 1. 3. Configure and enable the USB Transceiver. 4. Perform any USB0 function configuration (interrupts, Suspend detect). 5. Enable USB0 by writing USBINH = 0. Rev. 1.2 128 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.8. POWER: USB0 Power Bit 7 6 Name ISOUD Type R/W R/W Reset 0 0 5 4 3 2 1 0 USBINH USBRST RESUME SUSMD SUSEN R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W 0 1 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x01 Bit Name 7 ISOUD Function ISO Update Bit. This bit affects all IN Isochronous endpoints. 0: When software writes INPRDY = 1, USB0 will send the packet when the next IN token is received. 1: When software writes INPRDY = 1, USB0 will wait for a SOF token before sending the packet. If an IN token is received before a SOF token, USB0 will send a zero-length data packet. 6:5 4 Unused Unused. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care. USBINH USB0 Inhibit Bit. This bit is set to 1 following a power-on reset (POR) or an asynchronous USB0 reset. Software should clear this bit after all USB0 transceiver initialization is complete. Software cannot set this bit to 1. 0: USB0 enabled. 1: USB0 inhibited. All USB traffic is ignored. 3 USBRST Reset Detect. Read: Write: 0: Reset signaling is not present. Writing 1 to this bit forces an asynchronous USB0 reset. 1: Reset signaling detected on the bus. 2 RESUME Force Resume. Writing a 1 to this bit while in Suspend mode (SUSMD = 1) forces USB0 to generate Resume signaling on the bus (a remote wakeup event). Software should write RESUME = 0 after 10 to 15 ms to end the Resume signaling. An interrupt is generated, and hardware clears SUSMD, when software writes RESUME = 0. 1 SUSMD Suspend Mode. Set to 1 by hardware when USB0 enters suspend mode. Cleared by hardware when software writes RESUME = 0 (following a remote wakeup) or reads the CMINT register after detection of Resume signaling on the bus. 0: USB0 not in suspend mode. 1: USB0 in suspend mode. 0 SUSEN Suspend Detection Enable. 0: Suspend detection disabled. USB0 will ignore suspend signaling on the bus. 1: Suspend detection enabled. USB0 will enter suspend mode if it detects suspend signaling on the bus. 129 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.9. FRAMEL: USB0 Frame Number Low Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name FRMEL[7:0] Type R Reset 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x0C Bit Name 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Function 7:0 FRMEL[7:0] Frame Number Low Bits. This register contains bits 7-0 of the last received frame number. USB Register Definition 18.10. FRAMEH: USB0 Frame Number High Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 Name FRMEH[2:0] Type R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x0D Bit Name 7:3 Unused R 0 0 0 Function Unused. Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. 2:0 FRMEH[2:0] Frame Number High Bits. This register contains bits 10-8 of the last received frame number. 18.8. Interrupts The read-only USB0 interrupt flags are located in the USB registers shown in USB Register Definition 18.11 through USB Register Definition 18.13. The associated interrupt enable bits are located in the USB registers shown in USB Register Definition 18.14 through USB Register Definition 18.16. A USB0 interrupt is generated when any of the USB interrupt flags is set to 1. The USB0 interrupt is enabled via the EIE1 SFR (see Section “12. Interrupts” on page 60). Important Note: Reading a USB interrupt flag register resets all flags in that register to 0. Rev. 1.2 130 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.11. IN1INT: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name 2 1 0 IN2 IN1 EP0 Type R R R R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x02 Bit Name 7:3 Unused 2 IN2 Function Unused. Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. IN Endpoint 2 Interrupt-Pending Flag. This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register. 0: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt inactive. 1: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt active. 1 IN1 IN Endpoint 1 Interrupt-Pending Flag. This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register. 0: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt inactive. 1: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt active. 0 EP0 Endpoint 0 Interrupt-Pending Flag. This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register. 0: Endpoint 0 interrupt inactive. 1: Endpoint 0 interrupt active. 131 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.12. OUT1INT: USB0 OUT Endpoint Interrupt Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name 2 1 OUT2 OUT1 0 Type R R R R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x04 Bit Name 7:3 Unused 2 OUT2 Function Unused. Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. OUT Endpoint 2 Interrupt-pending Flag. This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register. 0: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt inactive. 1: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt active. 1 OUT1 OUT Endpoint 1 Interrupt-pending Flag. This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register. 0: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt inactive. 1: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt active. 0 Unused Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. Rev. 1.2 132 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.13. CMINT: USB0 Common Interrupt Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 2 1 0 SOF RSTINT RSUINT SUSINT Type R R R R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x06 Bit Name 7:4 Unused 3 SOF Function Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Start of Frame Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a SOF token is received. This interrupt event is synthesized by hardware: an interrupt will be generated when hardware expects to receive a SOF event, even if the actual SOF signal is missed or corrupted. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: SOF interrupt inactive. 1: SOF interrupt active. 2 RSTINT Reset Interrupt-pending Flag. Set by hardware when Reset signaling is detected on the bus. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: Reset interrupt inactive. 1: Reset interrupt active. 1 RSUINT Resume Interrupt-pending Flag. Set by hardware when Resume signaling is detected on the bus while USB0 is in suspend mode. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: Resume interrupt inactive. 1: Resume interrupt active. 0 SUSINT Suspend Interrupt-pending Flag. When Suspend detection is enabled (bit SUSEN in register POWER), this bit is set by hardware when Suspend signaling is detected on the bus. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: Suspend interrupt inactive. 1: Suspend interrupt active. 133 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.14. IN1IE: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt Enable Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name 2 1 0 IN2E IN1E EP0E Type R R R R R R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 USB Register Address = 0x07 Bit Name 7:3 Unused 2 IN2E Function Unused. Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. IN Endpoint 2 Interrupt Enable. 0: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt disabled. 1: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt enabled. 1 IN1E IN Endpoint 1 Interrupt Enable. 0: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt disabled. 1: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt enabled. 0 EP0E Endpoint 0 Interrupt Enable. 0: Endpoint 0 interrupt disabled. 1: Endpoint 0 interrupt enabled. Rev. 1.2 134 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.15. OUT1IE: USB0 OUT Endpoint Interrupt Enable Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name 2 1 OUT2E OUT1E 0 Type R R R R R R/W R/W R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 USB Register Address = 0x09 Bit Name Function 7:3 Unused Unused. Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. 2 OUT2E OUT Endpoint 2 Interrupt Enable. 0: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt disabled. 1: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt enabled. 1 OUT1E OUT Endpoint 1 Interrupt Enable. 0: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt disabled. 1: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt enabled. 0 135 Unused Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.16. CMIE: USB0 Common Interrupt Enable Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 3 2 1 0 SOFE RSTINTE RSUINTE SUSINTE Type R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 USB Register Address = 0x0B Bit Name 7:4 Unused 3 SOFE Function Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Start of Frame Interrupt Enable. 0: SOF interrupt disabled. 1: SOF interrupt enabled. 2 RSTINTE Reset Interrupt Enable. 0: Reset interrupt disabled. 1: Reset interrupt enabled. 1 RSUINTE Resume Interrupt Enable. 0: Resume interrupt disabled. 1: Resume interrupt enabled. 0 SUSINTE Suspend Interrupt Enable. 0: Suspend interrupt disabled. 1: Suspend interrupt enabled. 18.9. The Serial Interface Engine The Serial Interface Engine (SIE) performs all low level USB protocol tasks, interrupting the processor when data has successfully been transmitted or received. When receiving data, the SIE will interrupt the processor when a complete data packet has been received; appropriate handshaking signals are automatically generated by the SIE. When transmitting data, the SIE will interrupt the processor when a complete data packet has been transmitted and the appropriate handshake signal has been received. The SIE will not interrupt the processor when corrupted/erroneous packets are received. 18.10. Endpoint0 Endpoint0 is managed through the USB register E0CSR (USB Register Definition 18.18). The INDEX register must be loaded with 0x00 to access the E0CSR register. An Endpoint0 interrupt is generated when: 1. A data packet (OUT or SETUP) has been received and loaded into the Endpoint0 FIFO. The OPRDY bit (E0CSR.0) is set to 1 by hardware. 2. An IN data packet has successfully been unloaded from the Endpoint0 FIFO and transmitted to the host; INPRDY is reset to 0 by hardware. 3. An IN transaction is completed (this interrupt generated during the status stage of the transaction). 4. Hardware sets the STSTL bit (E0CSR.2) after a control transaction ended due to a protocol violation. Rev. 1.2 136 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 5. Hardware sets the SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) because a control transfer ended before firmware sets the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3). The E0CNT register (USB Register Definition 18.11) holds the number of received data bytes in the Endpoint0 FIFO. Hardware will automatically detect protocol errors and send a STALL condition in response. Firmware may force a STALL condition to abort the current transfer. When a STALL condition is generated, the STSTL bit will be set to 1 and an interrupt generated. The following conditions will cause hardware to generate a STALL condition: 1. The host sends an OUT token during a OUT data phase after the DATAEND bit has been set to 1. 2. The host sends an IN token during an IN data phase after the DATAEND bit has been set to 1. 3. The host sends a packet that exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0. 4. The host sends a non-zero length DATA1 packet during the status phase of an IN transaction. Firmware sets the SDSTL bit (E0CSR.5) to 1. 18.10.1. Endpoint0 SETUP Transactions All control transfers must begin with a SETUP packet. SETUP packets are similar to OUT packets, containing an 8-byte data field sent by the host. Any SETUP packet containing a command field of anything other than 8 bytes will be automatically rejected by USB0. An Endpoint0 interrupt is generated when the data from a SETUP packet is loaded into the Endpoint0 FIFO. Software should unload the command from the Endpoint0 FIFO, decode the command, perform any necessary tasks, and set the SOPRDY bit to indicate that it has serviced the OUT packet. 18.10.2. Endpoint0 IN Transactions When a SETUP request is received that requires USB0 to transmit data to the host, one or more IN requests will be sent by the host. For the first IN transaction, firmware should load an IN packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO, and set the INPRDY bit (E0CSR.1). An interrupt will be generated when an IN packet is transmitted successfully. Note that no interrupt will be generated if an IN request is received before firmware has loaded a packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO. If the requested data exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0 (as reported to the host), the data should be split into multiple packets; each packet should be of the maximum packet size excluding the last (residual) packet. If the requested data is an integer multiple of the maximum packet size for Endpoint0, the last data packet should be a zero-length packet signaling the end of the transfer. Firmware should set the DATAEND bit to 1 after loading into the Endpoint0 FIFO the last data packet for a transfer. Upon reception of the first IN token for a particular control transfer, Endpoint0 is said to be in Transmit Mode. In this mode, only IN tokens should be sent by the host to Endpoint0. The SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) is set to 1 if a SETUP or OUT token is received while Endpoint0 is in Transmit Mode. Endpoint0 will remain in Transmit Mode until any of the following occur: 1. USB0 receives an Endpoint0 SETUP or OUT token. 2. Firmware sends a packet less than the maximum Endpoint0 packet size. 3. Firmware sends a zero-length packet. Firmware should set the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3) to 1 when performing (2) and (3) above. The SIE will transmit a NAK in response to an IN token if there is no packet ready in the IN FIFO (INPRDY = 0). 137 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 18.10.3. Endpoint0 OUT Transactions When a SETUP request is received that requires the host to transmit data to USB0, one or more OUT requests will be sent by the host. When an OUT packet is successfully received by USB0, hardware will set the OPRDY bit (E0CSR.0) to 1 and generate an Endpoint0 interrupt. Following this interrupt, firmware should unload the OUT packet from the Endpoint0 FIFO and set the SOPRDY bit (E0CSR.6) to 1. If the amount of data required for the transfer exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0, the data will be split into multiple packets. If the requested data is an integer multiple of the maximum packet size for Endpoint0 (as reported to the host), the host will send a zero-length data packet signaling the end of the transfer. Upon reception of the first OUT token for a particular control transfer, Endpoint0 is said to be in Receive Mode. In this mode, only OUT tokens should be sent by the host to Endpoint0. The SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) is set to 1 if a SETUP or IN token is received while Endpoint0 is in Receive Mode. Endpoint0 will remain in Receive mode until: 1. The SIE receives a SETUP or IN token. 2. The host sends a packet less than the maximum Endpoint0 packet size. 3. The host sends a zero-length packet. Firmware should set the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3) to 1 when the expected amount of data has been received. The SIE will transmit a STALL condition if the host sends an OUT packet after the DATAEND bit has been set by firmware. An interrupt will be generated with the STSTL bit (E0CSR.2) set to 1 after the STALL is transmitted. Rev. 1.2 138 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.17. E0CSR: USB0 Endpoint0 Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name SSUEND SOPRDY SDSTL SUEND DATAEND STSTL INPRDY OPRDY Type R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x11 Bit Name Description Write 7 SSUEND Serviced Setup End Bit. Software should set this bit to 1 after servicing a Setup End (bit SUEND) event. Hardware clears the SUEND bit when software writes 1 to SSUEND. 6 SOPRDY Serviced OPRDY Bit. Software should write 1 to this bit after servicing a received Endpoint0 packet. The OPRDY bit will be cleared by a write of 1 to SOPRDY. Read This bit always reads 0. This bit always reads 0. 5 SDSTL Send Stall Bit. Software can write 1 to this bit to terminate the current transfer (due to an error condition, unexpected transfer request, etc.). Hardware will clear this bit to 0 when the STALL handshake is transmitted. 4 SUEND Setup End Bit. Hardware sets this read-only bit to 1 when a control transaction ends before software has written 1 to the DATAEND bit. Hardware clears this bit when software writes 1 to SSUEND. 3 DATAEND Data End Bit. Software should write 1 to this bit: 1) When writing 1 to INPRDY for the last outgoing data packet. 2) When writing 1 to INPRDY for a zero-length data packet. 3) When writing 1 to SOPRDY after servicing the last incoming data packet. This bit is automatically cleared by hardware. 2 STSTL Sent Stall Bit. Hardware sets this bit to 1 after transmitting a STALL handshake signal. This flag must be cleared by software. 1 INPRDY IN Packet Ready Bit. Software should write 1 to this bit after loading a data packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO for transmit. Hardware clears this bit and generates an interrupt under either of the following conditions: 1) The packet is transmitted. 2) The packet is overwritten by an incoming SETUP packet. 3) The packet is overwritten by an incoming OUT packet. 0 OPRDY OUT Packet Ready Bit. Hardware sets this read-only bit and generates an interrupt when a data packet has been received. This bit is cleared only when software writes 1 to the SOPRDY bit. 139 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.18. E0CNT: USB0 Endpoint0 Data Count Bit 7 6 5 4 Name 2 1 0 0 0 0 E0CNT[6:0] Type R Reset 0 R 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x16 Bit Name 7 3 Unused 0 Function Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. 6:0 E0CNT[6:0] Endpoint 0 Data Count. This 7-bit number indicates the number of received data bytes in the Endpoint 0 FIFO. This number is only valid while bit OPRDY is a 1. 18.11. Configuring Endpoints1-2 Endpoints1-2 are configured and controlled through their own sets of the following control/status registers: IN registers EINCSRL and EINCSRH, and OUT registers EOUTCSRL and EOUTCSRH. Only one set of endpoint control/status registers is mapped into the USB register address space at a time, defined by the contents of the INDEX register (USB Register Definition 18.4). Endpoints1-2 can be configured as IN, OUT, or both IN/OUT (Split Mode) as described in Section 18.5.1. The endpoint mode (Split/Normal) is selected via the SPLIT bit in register EINCSRH. When SPLIT = 1, the corresponding endpoint FIFO is split, and both IN and OUT pipes are available. When SPLIT = 0, the corresponding endpoint functions as either IN or OUT; the endpoint direction is selected by the DIRSEL bit in register EINCSRH. Endpoints1-2 can be disabled individually by the corresponding bits in the ENABLE register. When an Endpoint is disabled, it will not respond to bus traffic or stall the bus. All Endpoints are enabled by default. Rev. 1.2 140 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.19. EENABLE: USB0 Endpoint Enable Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name 2 1 0 EEN2 EEN1 Reserved Type R R R R R R/W R/W R/W Reset 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 USB Register Address = 0x1E Bit Name 7:3 Unused 2 EEN2 Function Unused. Read = 11111b. Write = don’t care. Endpoint 2 Enable. This bit enables/disables Endpoint 2. 0: Endpoint 2 is disabled (no NACK, ACK, or STALL on the USB network). 1: Endpoint 2 is enabled (normal). 1 EEN1 Endpoint 1 Enable. This bit enables/disables Endpoint 1. 0: Endpoint 1 is disabled (no NACK, ACK, or STALL on the USB network). 1: Endpoint 1 is enabled (normal). 0 Reserved Reserved. Read = 1b. Must Write 1b. 18.12. Controlling Endpoints1-2 IN Endpoints1-2 IN are managed via USB registers EINCSRL and EINCSRH. All IN endpoints can be used for Interrupt, Bulk, or Isochronous transfers. Isochronous (ISO) mode is enabled by writing 1 to the ISO bit in register EINCSRH. Bulk and Interrupt transfers are handled identically by hardware. An Endpoint1-2 IN interrupt is generated by any of the following conditions: 1. An IN packet is successfully transferred to the host. 2. Software writes 1 to the FLUSH bit (EINCSRL.3) when the target FIFO is not empty. 3. Hardware generates a STALL condition. 18.12.1. Endpoints1-2 IN Interrupt or Bulk Mode When the ISO bit (EINCSRH.6) = 0 the target endpoint operates in Bulk or Interrupt Mode. Once an endpoint has been configured to operate in Bulk/Interrupt IN mode (typically following an Endpoint0 SET_INTERFACE command), firmware should load an IN packet into the endpoint IN FIFO and set the INPRDY bit (EINCSRL.0). Upon reception of an IN token, hardware will transmit the data, clear the INPRDY bit, and generate an interrupt. Writing 1 to INPRDY without writing any data to the endpoint FIFO will cause a zero-length packet to be transmitted upon reception of the next IN token. A Bulk or Interrupt pipe can be shut down (or Halted) by writing 1 to the SDSTL bit (EINCSRL.4). While SDSTL = 1, hardware will respond to all IN requests with a STALL condition. Each time hardware generates a STALL condition, an interrupt will be generated and the STSTL bit (EINCSRL.5) set to 1. The STSTL bit must be reset to 0 by firmware. 141 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Hardware will automatically reset INPRDY to 0 when a packet slot is open in the endpoint FIFO. Note that if double buffering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for firmware to load two packets into the IN FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will reset INPRDY to 0 immediately after firmware loads the first packet into the FIFO and sets INPRDY to 1. An interrupt will not be generated in this case; an interrupt will only be generated when a data packet is transmitted. When firmware writes 1 to the FCDT bit (EINCSRH.3), the data toggle for each IN packet will be toggled continuously, regardless of the handshake received from the host. This feature is typically used by Interrupt endpoints functioning as rate feedback communication for Isochronous endpoints. When FCDT = 0, the data toggle bit will only be toggled when an ACK is sent from the host in response to an IN packet. 18.12.2. Endpoints1-2 IN Isochronous Mode When the ISO bit (EINCSRH.6) is set to 1, the target endpoint operates in Isochronous (ISO) mode. Once an endpoint has been configured for ISO IN mode, the host will send one IN token (data request) per frame; the location of data within each frame may vary. Because of this, it is recommended that double buffering be enabled for ISO IN endpoints. Hardware will automatically reset INPRDY (EINCSRL.0) to 0 when a packet slot is open in the endpoint FIFO. Note that if double buffering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for firmware to load two packets into the IN FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will reset INPRDY to 0 immediately after firmware loads the first packet into the FIFO and sets INPRDY to 1. An interrupt will not be generated in this case; an interrupt will only be generated when a data packet is transmitted. If there is not a data packet ready in the endpoint FIFO when USB0 receives an IN token from the host, USB0 will transmit a zero-length data packet and set the UNDRUN bit (EINCSRL.2) to 1. The ISO Update feature (see Section 18.7) can be useful in starting a double buffered ISO IN endpoint. If the host has already set up the ISO IN pipe (has begun transmitting IN tokens) when firmware writes the first data packet to the endpoint FIFO, the next IN token may arrive and the first data packet sent before firmware has written the second (double buffered) data packet to the FIFO. The ISO Update feature ensures that any data packet written to the endpoint FIFO will not be transmitted during the current frame; the packet will only be sent after a SOF signal has been received. Rev. 1.2 142 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.20. EINCSRL: USB0 IN Endpoint Control Low Bit 7 Name 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CLRDT STSTL SDSTL FLUSH UNDRUN FIFONE INPRDY Type R W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x11 Bit Name Description Write 7 Unused Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. 6 CLRDT Clear Data Toggle Bit. Software should write 1 to this bit to reset the IN Endpoint data toggle to 0. 5 STSTL Sent Stall Bit. Read This bit always reads 0. Hardware sets this bit to 1 when a STALL handshake signal is transmitted. The FIFO is flushed, and the INPRDY bit cleared. This flag must be cleared by software. 4 SDSTL Send Stall. Software should write 1 to this bit to generate a STALL handshake in response to an IN token. Software should write 0 to this bit to terminate the STALL signal. This bit has no effect in ISO mode. 3 FLUSH FIFO Flush Bit. Writing a 1 to this bit flushes the next packet to be transmitted from the IN Endpoint FIFO. The FIFO pointer is reset and the INPRDY bit is cleared. If the FIFO contains multiple packets, software must write 1 to FLUSH for each packet. Hardware resets the FLUSH bit to 0 when the FIFO flush is complete. 2 UNDRUN Data Underrun Bit. The function of this bit depends on the IN Endpoint mode: ISO: Set when a zero-length packet is sent after an IN token is received while bit INPRDY = 0. Interrupt/Bulk: Set when a NAK is returned in response to an IN token. This bit must be cleared by software. 1 FIFONE FIFO Not Empty. 0: The IN Endpoint FIFO is empty. 1. The IN Endpoint FIFO contains one or more packets. 0 INPRDY In Packet Ready. Software should write 1 to this bit after loading a data packet into the IN Endpoint FIFO. Hardware clears INPRDY due to any of the following: 1) A data packet is transmitted. 2) Double buffering is enabled (DBIEN = 1) and there is an open FIFO packet slot. 3) If the endpoint is in Isochronous Mode (ISO = 1) and ISOUD = 1, INPRDY will read 0 until the next SOF is received. Note: An interrupt (if enabled) will be generated when hardware clears INPRDY as a result of a packet being transmitted. 143 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.21. EINCSRH: USB0 IN Endpoint Control High Bit 7 6 5 Name DBIEN ISO DIRSEL Type R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 4 3 2 FCDT SPLIT R R/W 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x12 Bit Name 7 DBIEN 1 0 R/W R R 0 0 0 Function IN Endpoint Double-buffer Enable. 0: Double-buffering disabled for the selected IN endpoint. 1: Double-buffering enabled for the selected IN endpoint. 6 ISO 5 DIRSEL 4 3 Isochronous Transfer Enable. This bit enables/disables isochronous transfers on the current endpoint. 0: Endpoint configured for bulk/interrupt transfers. 1: Endpoint configured for isochronous transfers. Endpoint Direction Select. This bit is valid only when the selected FIFO is not split (SPLIT = 0). 0: Endpoint direction selected as OUT. 1: Endpoint direction selected as IN. UNUSED Unused. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. FCDT Force Data Toggle Bit. 0: Endpoint data toggle switches only when an ACK is received following a data packet transmission. 1: Endpoint data toggle forced to switch after every data packet is transmitted, regardless of ACK reception. 2 SPLIT FIFO Split Enable. When SPLIT = 1, the selected endpoint FIFO is split. The upper half of the selected FIFO is used by the IN endpoint; the lower half of the selected FIFO is used by the OUT endpoint. 1:0 Unused Unused. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care. 18.13. Controlling Endpoints1-2 OUT Endpoints1-2 OUT are managed via USB registers EOUTCSRL and EOUTCSRH. All OUT endpoints can be used for Interrupt, Bulk, or Isochronous transfers. Isochronous (ISO) mode is enabled by writing 1 to the ISO bit in register EOUTCSRH. Bulk and Interrupt transfers are handled identically by hardware. An Endpoint1-2 OUT interrupt may be generated by the following: 1. Hardware sets the OPRDY bit (EINCSRL.0) to 1. 2. Hardware generates a STALL condition. Rev. 1.2 144 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 18.13.1. Endpoints1-2 OUT Interrupt or Bulk Mode When the ISO bit (EOUTCSRH.6) = 0 the target endpoint operates in Bulk or Interrupt mode. Once an endpoint has been configured to operate in Bulk/Interrupt OUT mode (typically following an Endpoint0 SET_INTERFACE command), hardware will set the OPRDY bit (EOUTCSRL.0) to 1 and generate an interrupt upon reception of an OUT token and data packet. The number of bytes in the current OUT data packet (the packet ready to be unloaded from the FIFO) is given in the EOUTCNTH and EOUTCNTL registers. In response to this interrupt, firmware should unload the data packet from the OUT FIFO and reset the OPRDY bit to 0. A Bulk or Interrupt pipe can be shut down (or Halted) by writing 1 to the SDSTL bit (EOUTCSRL.5). While SDSTL = 1, hardware will respond to all OUT requests with a STALL condition. Each time hardware generates a STALL condition, an interrupt will be generated and the STSTL bit (EOUTCSRL.6) set to 1. The STSTL bit must be reset to 0 by firmware. Hardware will automatically set OPRDY when a packet is ready in the OUT FIFO. Note that if double buffering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for two packets to be ready in the OUT FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will set OPRDY to 1 immediately after firmware unloads the first packet and resets OPRDY to 0. A second interrupt will be generated in this case. 18.13.2. Endpoints1-2 OUT Isochronous Mode When the ISO bit (EOUTCSRH.6) is set to 1, the target endpoint operates in Isochronous (ISO) mode. Once an endpoint has been configured for ISO OUT mode, the host will send exactly one data per USB frame; the location of the data packet within each frame may vary, however. Because of this, it is recommended that double buffering be enabled for ISO OUT endpoints. Each time a data packet is received, hardware will load the received data packet into the endpoint FIFO, set the OPRDY bit (EOUTCSRL.0) to 1, and generate an interrupt (if enabled). Firmware would typically use this interrupt to unload the data packet from the endpoint FIFO and reset the OPRDY bit to 0. If a data packet is received when there is no room in the endpoint FIFO, an interrupt will be generated and the OVRUN bit (EOUTCSRL.2) set to 1. If USB0 receives an ISO data packet with a CRC error, the data packet will be loaded into the endpoint FIFO, OPRDY will be set to 1, an interrupt (if enabled) will be generated, and the DATAERR bit (EOUTCSRL.3) will be set to 1. Software should check the DATAERR bit each time a data packet is unloaded from an ISO OUT endpoint FIFO. 145 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.22. EOUTCSRL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control Low Byte Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name CLRDT STSTL SDSTL FLUSH DATERR OVRUN FIFOFUL OPRDY Type W R/W R/W R/W R R/W R R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x14 Bit Name Description Write Read 7 CLRDT Clear Data Toggle Bit. Software should write 1 to This bit always reads 0. this bit to reset the OUT endpoint data toggle to 0. 6 STSTL Sent Stall Bit. Hardware sets this bit to 1 when a STALL handshake signal is transmitted. This flag must be cleared by software. 5 SDSTL Send Stall Bit. Software should write 1 to this bit to generate a STALL handshake. Software should write 0 to this bit to terminate the STALL signal. This bit has no effect in ISO mode. 4 FLUSH FIFO Flush Bit. Writing a 1 to this bit flushes the next packet to be read from the OUT endpoint FIFO. The FIFO pointer is reset and the OPRDY bit is cleared. Multiple packets must be flushed individually. Hardware resets the FLUSH bit to 0 when the flush is complete. Note: If data for the current packet has already been read from the FIFO, the FLUSH bit should not be used to flush the packet. Instead, the FIFO should be read manually. 3 DATERR Data Error Bit. In ISO mode, this bit is set by hardware if a received packet has a CRC or bit-stuffing error. It is cleared when software clears OPRDY. This bit is only valid in ISO mode. 2 OVRUN Data Overrun Bit. This bit is set by hardware when an incoming data packet cannot be loaded into the OUT endpoint FIFO. This bit is only valid in ISO mode, and must be cleared by software. 0: No data overrun. 1: A data packet was lost because of a full FIFO since this flag was last cleared. 1 FIFOFUL OUT FIFO Full. This bit indicates the contents of the OUT FIFO. If double buffering is enabled (DBIEN = 1), the FIFO is full when the FIFO contains two packets. If DBIEN = 0, the FIFO is full when the FIFO contains one packet. 0: OUT endpoint FIFO is not full. 1: OUT endpoint FIFO is full. 0 OPRDY OUT Packet Ready. Hardware sets this bit to 1 and generates an interrupt when a data packet is available. Software should clear this bit after each data packet is unloaded from the OUT endpoint FIFO. Rev. 1.2 146 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.23. EOUTCSRH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control High Byte Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name DBOEN ISO Type R/W R/W R R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x15 Bit Name 7 DBOEN 6 ISO 5:0 Unused Function Double-buffer Enable. 0: Double-buffering disabled for the selected OUT endpoint. 1: Double-buffering enabled for the selected OUT endpoint. Isochronous Transfer Enable. This bit enables/disables isochronous transfers on the current endpoint. 0: Endpoint configured for bulk/interrupt transfers. 1: Endpoint configured for isochronous transfers. Unused. Read = 000000b. Write = don’t care. USB Register Definition 18.24. EOUTCNTL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count Low Bit 7 6 5 4 Name EOCL[7:0] Type R Reset 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x16 Bit Name 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Function 7:0 EOCL[7:0] OUT Endpoint Count Low Byte. EOCL holds the lower 8-bits of the 10-bit number of data bytes in the last received packet in the current OUT endpoint FIFO. This number is only valid while OPRDY = 1. 147 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 USB Register Definition 18.25. EOUTCNTH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count High Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Name 0 EOCH[1:0] Type R R R R R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USB Register Address = 0x17 Bit Name 7:2 Unused Function Unused. Read = 000000b. Write = don’t care. 1:0 EOCH[1:0] OUT Endpoint Count High Byte. EOCH holds the upper 2-bits of the 10-bit number of data bytes in the last received packet in the current OUT endpoint FIFO. This number is only valid while OPRDY = 1. Rev. 1.2 148 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19. SMBus The SMBus I/O interface is a two-wire, bi-directional serial bus. The SMBus is compliant with the System Management Bus Specification, version 1.1, and compatible with the I2C serial bus. Reads and writes to the interface by the system controller are byte oriented with the SMBus interface autonomously controlling the serial transfer of the data. Data can be transferred at up to 1/20th of the system clock as a master or slave (this can be faster than allowed by the SMBus specification, depending on the system clock used). A method of extending the clock-low duration is available to accommodate devices with different speed capabilities on the same bus. The SMBus interface may operate as a master and/or slave, and may function on a bus with multiple masters. The SMBus provides control of SDA (serial data), SCL (serial clock) generation and synchronization, arbitration logic, and START/STOP control and generation. The SMBus peripheral can be fully driven by software (i.e., software accepts/rejects slave addresses, and generates ACKs), or hardware slave address recognition and automatic ACK generation can be enabled to minimize software overhead. A block diagram of the SMBus peripheral and the associated SFRs is shown in Figure 19.1. M A S T E R SMB0CN T S S A A A S X T T CRC I MAO K B K O R L D QO E S T SMB0CF E I B E S S S S N N U XMMMM S H S T B B B B M Y H T F C C B OO T S S L E E 1 0 D SMBUS CONTROL LOGIC Arbitration SCL Synchronization SCL Generation (Master Mode) SDA Control Hardware Slave Address Recognition Hardware ACK Generation Data Path IRQ Generation Control Interrupt Request 00 T0 Overflow 01 T1 Overflow 10 TMR2H Overflow 11 TMR2L Overflow SCL Control S L V 5 S L V 4 S L V 3 S L V 2 S L V 1 SMB0ADR SG L C V 0 S S S S S S S L L L L L L L V V V V V V V MMMMMMM 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SMB0ADM C R O S S B A R N SDA Control SMB0DAT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 S L V 6 SCL FILTER Port I/O SDA FILTER E H A C K N Figure 19.1. SMBus Block Diagram Rev. 1.2 149 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19.1. Supporting Documents It is assumed the reader is familiar with or has access to the following supporting documents: 1. The I2C-Bus and How to Use It (including specifications), Philips Semiconductor. 2. The I2C-Bus Specification—Version 2.0, Philips Semiconductor. 3. System Management Bus Specification—Version 1.1, SBS Implementers Forum. 19.2. SMBus Configuration Figure 19.2 shows a typical SMBus configuration. The SMBus specification allows any recessive voltage between 3.0 V and 5.0 V; different devices on the bus may operate at different voltage levels. The bi-directional SCL (serial clock) and SDA (serial data) lines must be connected to a positive power supply voltage through a pullup resistor or similar circuit. Every device connected to the bus must have an open-drain or open-collector output for both the SCL and SDA lines, so that both are pulled high (recessive state) when the bus is free. The maximum number of devices on the bus is limited only by the requirement that the rise and fall times on the bus not exceed 300 ns and 1000 ns, respectively. VDD = 5V VDD = 3V VDD = 5V VDD = 3V Master Device Slave Device 1 Slave Device 2 SDA SCL Figure 19.2. Typical SMBus Configuration 19.3. SMBus Operation Two types of data transfers are possible: data transfers from a master transmitter to an addressed slave receiver (WRITE), and data transfers from an addressed slave transmitter to a master receiver (READ). The master device initiates both types of data transfers and provides the serial clock pulses on SCL. The SMBus interface may operate as a master or a slave, and multiple master devices on the same bus are supported. If two or more masters attempt to initiate a data transfer simultaneously, an arbitration scheme is employed with a single master always winning the arbitration. Note that it is not necessary to specify one device as the Master in a system; any device who transmits a START and a slave address becomes the master for the duration of that transfer. A typical SMBus transaction consists of a START condition followed by an address byte (Bits7–1: 7-bit slave address; Bit0: R/W direction bit), one or more bytes of data, and a STOP condition. Bytes that are received (by a master or slave) are acknowledged (ACK) with a low SDA during a high SCL (see Figure 19.3). If the receiving device does not ACK, the transmitting device will read a NACK (not acknowledge), which is a high SDA during a high SCL. The direction bit (R/W) occupies the least-significant bit position of the address byte. The direction bit is set to logic 1 to indicate a "READ" operation and cleared to logic 0 to indicate a "WRITE" operation. 150 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 All transactions are initiated by a master, with one or more addressed slave devices as the target. The master generates the START condition and then transmits the slave address and direction bit. If the transaction is a WRITE operation from the master to the slave, the master transmits the data a byte at a time waiting for an ACK from the slave at the end of each byte. For READ operations, the slave transmits the data waiting for an ACK from the master at the end of each byte. At the end of the data transfer, the master generates a STOP condition to terminate the transaction and free the bus. Figure 19.3 illustrates a typical SMBus transaction. SCL SDA SLA6 START SLA5-0 Slave Address + R/W R/W D7 ACK D6-0 Data Byte NACK STOP Figure 19.3. SMBus Transaction 19.3.1. Transmitter Vs. Receiver On the SMBus communications interface, a device is the “transmitter” when it is sending an address or data byte to another device on the bus. A device is a “receiver” when an address or data byte is being sent to it from another device on the bus. The transmitter controls the SDA line during the address or data byte. After each byte of address or data information is sent by the transmitter, the receiver sends an ACK or NACK bit during the ACK phase of the transfer, during which time the receiver controls the SDA line. 19.3.2. Arbitration A master may start a transfer only if the bus is free. The bus is free after a STOP condition or after the SCL and SDA lines remain high for a specified time (see Section “19.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout” on page 152). In the event that two or more devices attempt to begin a transfer at the same time, an arbitration scheme is employed to force one master to give up the bus. The master devices continue transmitting until one attempts a HIGH while the other transmits a LOW. Since the bus is open-drain, the bus will be pulled LOW. The master attempting the HIGH will detect a LOW SDA and lose the arbitration. The winning master continues its transmission without interruption; the losing master becomes a slave and receives the rest of the transfer if addressed. This arbitration scheme is non-destructive: one device always wins, and no data is lost. 19.3.3. Clock Low Extension SMBus provides a clock synchronization mechanism, similar to I2C, which allows devices with different speed capabilities to coexist on the bus. A clock-low extension is used during a transfer in order to allow slower slave devices to communicate with faster masters. The slave may temporarily hold the SCL line LOW to extend the clock low period, effectively decreasing the serial clock frequency. 19.3.4. SCL Low Timeout If the SCL line is held low by a slave device on the bus, no further communication is possible. Furthermore, the master cannot force the SCL line high to correct the error condition. To solve this problem, the SMBus protocol specifies that devices participating in a transfer must detect any clock cycle held low longer than 25 ms as a “timeout” condition. Devices that have detected the timeout condition must reset the communication no later than 10 ms after detecting the timeout condition. When the SMBTOE bit in SMB0CF is set, Timer 3 is used to detect SCL low timeouts. Timer 3 is forced to reload when SCL is high, and allowed to count when SCL is low. With Timer 3 enabled and configured to Rev. 1.2 151 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 overflow after 25 ms (and SMBTOE set), the Timer 3 interrupt service routine can be used to reset (disable and re-enable) the SMBus in the event of an SCL low timeout. 19.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout The SMBus specification stipulates that if the SCL and SDA lines remain high for more that 50 µs, the bus is designated as free. When the SMBFTE bit in SMB0CF is set, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (as defined by the timer configured for the SMBus clock source). If the SMBus is waiting to generate a Master START, the START will be generated following this timeout. A clock source is required for free timeout detection, even in a slave-only implementation. 19.4. Using the SMBus The SMBus can operate in both Master and Slave modes. The interface provides timing and shifting control for serial transfers; higher level protocol is determined by user software. The SMBus interface provides the following application-independent features: Byte-wise serial data transfers Clock signal generation on SCL (Master Mode only) and SDA data synchronization Timeout/bus error recognition, as defined by the SMB0CF configuration register START/STOP timing, detection, and generation Bus arbitration Interrupt generation Status information Optional hardware recognition of slave address and automatic acknowledgement of address/data SMBus interrupts are generated for each data byte or slave address that is transferred. When hardware acknowledgement is disabled, the point at which the interrupt is generated depends on whether the hardware is acting as a data transmitter or receiver. When a transmitter (i.e., sending address/data, receiving an ACK), this interrupt is generated after the ACK cycle so that software may read the received ACK value; when receiving data (i.e., receiving address/data, sending an ACK), this interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle so that software may define the outgoing ACK value. If hardware acknowledgement is enabled, these interrupts are always generated after the ACK cycle. See Section 19.5 for more details on transmission sequences. Interrupts are also generated to indicate the beginning of a transfer when a master (START generated), or the end of a transfer when a slave (STOP detected). Software should read the SMB0CN (SMBus Control register) to find the cause of the SMBus interrupt. The SMB0CN register is described in Section 19.4.2; Table 19.5 provides a quick SMB0CN decoding reference. 19.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register The SMBus Configuration register (SMB0CF) is used to enable the SMBus Master and/or Slave modes, select the SMBus clock source, and select the SMBus timing and timeout options. When the ENSMB bit is set, the SMBus is enabled for all master and slave events. Slave events may be disabled by setting the INH bit. With slave events inhibited, the SMBus interface will still monitor the SCL and SDA pins; however, the interface will NACK all received addresses and will not generate any slave interrupts. When the INH bit is set, all slave events will be inhibited following the next START (interrupts will continue for the duration of the current transfer). 152 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 19.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection SMBCS1 SMBCS0 SMBus Clock Source 0 0 Timer 0 Overflow 0 1 Timer 1 Overflow 1 0 Timer 2 High Byte Overflow 1 1 Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow The SMBCS1–0 bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used only when operating as a master or when the Free Timeout detection is enabled. When operating as a master, overflows from the selected source determine the absolute minimum SCL low and high times as defined in Equation 19.1. Note that the selected clock source may be shared by other peripherals so long as the timer is left running at all times. For example, Timer 1 overflows may generate the SMBus and UART baud rates simultaneously. Timer configuration is covered in Section “23. Timers” on page 202. 1 T HighMin = T LowMin = ---------------------------------------------f ClockSourceOverflow Equation 19.1. Minimum SCL High and Low Times The selected clock source should be configured to establish the minimum SCL High and Low times as per Equation 19.1. When the interface is operating as a master (and SCL is not driven or extended by any other devices on the bus), the typical SMBus bit rate is approximated by Equation 19.2. f ClockSourceOverflow BitRate = ---------------------------------------------3 Equation 19.2. Typical SMBus Bit Rate Figure 19.4 shows the typical SCL generation described by Equation 19.2. Notice that T HIGH is typically twice as large as TLOW. The actual SCL output may vary due to other devices on the bus (SCL may be extended low by slower slave devices, or driven low by contending master devices). The bit rate when operating as a master will never exceed the limits defined by equation Equation 19.1. Timer Source Overflows SCL TLow THigh SCL High Timeout Figure 19.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation Setting the EXTHOLD bit extends the minimum setup and hold times for the SDA line. The minimum SDA setup time defines the absolute minimum time that SDA is stable before SCL transitions from low-to-high. The minimum SDA hold time defines the absolute minimum time that the current SDA value remains stable after SCL transitions from high-to-low. EXTHOLD should be set so that the minimum setup and hold times Rev. 1.2 153 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 meet the SMBus Specification requirements of 250 ns and 300 ns, respectively. Table 19.2 shows the minimum setup and hold times for the two EXTHOLD settings. Setup and hold time extensions are typically necessary when SYSCLK is above 10 MHz. Table 19.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times EXTHOLD 0 1 Minimum SDA Setup Time Tlow – 4 system clocks or 1 system clock + s/w delay* 11 system clocks Minimum SDA Hold Time 3 system clocks 12 system clocks Note: Setup Time for ACK bit transmissions and the MSB of all data transfers. When using software acknowledgement, the s/w delay occurs between the time SMB0DAT or ACK is written and when SI is cleared. Note that if SI is cleared in the same write that defines the outgoing ACK value, s/w delay is zero. With the SMBTOE bit set, Timer 3 should be configured to overflow after 25 ms in order to detect SCL low timeouts (see Section “19.3.4. SCL Low Timeout” on page 151). The SMBus interface will force Timer 3 to reload while SCL is high, and allow Timer 3 to count when SCL is low. The Timer 3 interrupt service routine should be used to reset SMBus communication by disabling and re-enabling the SMBus. SMBus Free Timeout detection can be enabled by setting the SMBFTE bit. When this bit is set, the bus will be considered free if SDA and SCL remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (see Figure 19.4). 154 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 19.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration Bit 7 6 5 4 Name ENSMB INH BUSY Type R/W R/W R R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 EXTHOLD SMBTOE SFR Address = 0xC1 Bit Name 7 ENSMB 3 2 1 0 SMBFTE SMBCS[1:0] R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 Function SMBus Enable. This bit enables the SMBus interface when set to 1. When enabled, the interface constantly monitors the SDA and SCL pins. 6 INH SMBus Slave Inhibit. When this bit is set to logic 1, the SMBus does not generate an interrupt when slave events occur. This effectively removes the SMBus slave from the bus. Master Mode interrupts are not affected. 5 BUSY SMBus Busy Indicator. This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a transfer is in progress. It is cleared to logic 0 when a STOP or free-timeout is sensed. 4 EXTHOLD SMBus Setup and Hold Time Extension Enable. This bit controls the SDA setup and hold times according to Table 19.2. 0: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times disabled. 1: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times enabled. 3 SMBTOE SMBus SCL Timeout Detection Enable. This bit enables SCL low timeout detection. If set to logic 1, the SMBus forces Timer 3 to reload while SCL is high and allows Timer 3 to count when SCL goes low. If Timer 3 is configured to Split Mode, only the High Byte of the timer is held in reload while SCL is high. Timer 3 should be programmed to generate interrupts at 25 ms, and the Timer 3 interrupt service routine should reset SMBus communication. 2 SMBFTE SMBus Free Timeout Detection Enable. When this bit is set to logic 1, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods. 1:0 SMBCS[1:0] SMBus Clock Source Selection. These two bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used to generate the SMBus bit rate. The selected device should be configured according to Equation 19.1. 00: Timer 0 Overflow 01: Timer 1 Overflow 10: Timer 2 High Byte Overflow 11: Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow Rev. 1.2 155 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register SMB0CN is used to control the interface and to provide status information (see SFR Definition 19.2). The higher four bits of SMB0CN (MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO) form a status vector that can be used to jump to service routines. MASTER indicates whether a device is the master or slave during the current transfer. TXMODE indicates whether the device is transmitting or receiving data for the current byte. STA and STO indicate that a START and/or STOP has been detected or generated since the last SMBus interrupt. STA and STO are also used to generate START and STOP conditions when operating as a master. Writing a 1 to STA will cause the SMBus interface to enter Master Mode and generate a START when the bus becomes free (STA is not cleared by hardware after the START is generated). Writing a 1 to STO while in Master Mode will cause the interface to generate a STOP and end the current transfer after the next ACK cycle. If STO and STA are both set (while in Master Mode), a STOP followed by a START will be generated. The ARBLOST bit indicates that the interface has lost an arbitration. This may occur anytime the interface is transmitting (master or slave). A lost arbitration while operating as a slave indicates a bus error condition. ARBLOST is cleared by hardware each time SI is cleared. The SI bit (SMBus Interrupt Flag) is set at the beginning and end of each transfer, after each byte frame, or when an arbitration is lost; see Table 19.3 for more details. Important Note About the SI Bit: The SMBus interface is stalled while SI is set; thus SCL is held low, and the bus is stalled until software clears SI. 19.4.2.1. Software ACK Generation When the EHACK bit in register SMB0ADM is cleared to 0, the firmware on the device must detect incoming slave addresses and ACK or NACK the slave address and incoming data bytes. As a receiver, writing the ACK bit defines the outgoing ACK value; as a transmitter, reading the ACK bit indicates the value received during the last ACK cycle. ACKRQ is set each time a byte is received, indicating that an outgoing ACK value is needed. When ACKRQ is set, software should write the desired outgoing value to the ACK bit before clearing SI. A NACK will be generated if software does not write the ACK bit before clearing SI. SDA will reflect the defined ACK value immediately following a write to the ACK bit; however SCL will remain low until SI is cleared. If a received slave address is not acknowledged, further slave events will be ignored until the next START is detected. 19.4.2.2. Hardware ACK Generation When the EHACK bit in register SMB0ADM is set to 1, automatic slave address recognition and ACK generation is enabled. More detail about automatic slave address recognition can be found in Section 19.4.3. As a receiver, the value currently specified by the ACK bit will be automatically sent on the bus during the ACK cycle of an incoming data byte. As a transmitter, reading the ACK bit indicates the value received on the last ACK cycle. The ACKRQ bit is not used when hardware ACK generation is enabled. If a received slave address is NACKed by hardware, further slave events will be ignored until the next START is detected, and no interrupt will be generated. Table 19.3 lists all sources for hardware changes to the SMB0CN bits. Refer to Table 19.5 for SMBus status decoding using the SMB0CN register. 156 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 19.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name MASTER TXMODE STA STO ACKRQ ARBLOST ACK SI Type R R R/W R/W R R R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xC0; Bit-Addressable Bit Name Description Read Write 7 MASTER SMBus Master/Slave Indicator. This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a master. 0: SMBus operating in slave mode. 1: SMBus operating in master mode. N/A 6 TXMODE SMBus Transmit Mode Indicator. This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a transmitter. 0: SMBus in Receiver Mode. 1: SMBus in Transmitter Mode. N/A 5 STA SMBus Start Flag. 0: No Start or repeated Start detected. 1: Start or repeated Start detected. 0: No Start generated. 1: When Configured as a Master, initiates a START or repeated START. 4 STO SMBus Stop Flag. 0: No Stop condition detected. 1: Stop condition detected (if in Slave Mode) or pending (if in Master Mode). 0: No STOP condition is transmitted. 1: When configured as a Master, causes a STOP condition to be transmitted after the next ACK cycle. Cleared by Hardware. 3 ACKRQ SMBus Acknowledge Request. 0: No Ack requested 1: ACK requested N/A 0: No arbitration error. 1: Arbitration Lost N/A 0: NACK received. 1: ACK received. 0: Send NACK 1: Send ACK 2 ARBLOST SMBus Arbitration Lost Indicator. 1 ACK 0 SI SMBus Acknowledge. 0: No interrupt pending SMBus Interrupt Flag. This bit is set by hardware 1: Interrupt Pending under the conditions listed in Table 15.3. SI must be cleared by software. While SI is set, SCL is held low and the SMBus is stalled. Rev. 1.2 0: Clear interrupt, and initiate next state machine event. 1: Force interrupt. 157 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 19.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN Bit MASTER TXMODE STA STO ACKRQ ARBLOST ACK SI Set by Hardware When: A START is generated. START is generated. SMB0DAT is written before the start of an SMBus frame. A START followed by an address byte is received. A STOP is detected while addressed as a slave. Arbitration is lost due to a detected STOP. A byte has been received and an ACK response value is needed (only when hardware ACK is not enabled). A repeated START is detected as a MASTER when STA is low (unwanted repeated START). SCL is sensed low while attempting to generate a STOP or repeated START condition. SDA is sensed low while transmitting a 1 (excluding ACK bits). The incoming ACK value is low (ACKNOWLEDGE). A START has been generated. Lost arbitration. A byte has been transmitted and an ACK/NACK received. A byte has been received. A START or repeated START followed by a slave address + R/W has been received. A STOP has been received. Cleared by Hardware When: A STOP is generated. Arbitration is lost. A START is detected. Arbitration is lost. SMB0DAT is not written before the start of an SMBus frame. Must be cleared by software. A pending STOP is generated. After each ACK cycle. Each time SI is cleared. The incoming ACK value is high (NOT ACKNOWLEDGE). Must be cleared by software. 19.4.3. Hardware Slave Address Recognition The SMBus hardware has the capability to automatically recognize incoming slave addresses and send an ACK without software intervention. Automatic slave address recognition is enabled by setting the EHACK bit in register SMB0ADM to 1. This will enable both automatic slave address recognition and automatic hardware ACK generation for received bytes (as a master or slave). More detail on automatic hardware ACK generation can be found in Section 19.4.2.2. The registers used to define which address(es) are recognized by the hardware are the SMBus Slave Address register (SFR Definition 19.3) and the SMBus Slave Address Mask register (SFR Definition 19.4). A single address or range of addresses (including the General Call Address 0x00) can be specified using these two registers. The most-significant seven bits of the two registers are used to define which addresses will be ACKed. A 1 in bit positions of the slave address mask SLVM[6:0] enable a comparison between the received slave address and the hardware’s slave address SLV[6:0] for those bits. A 0 in a bit of the slave address mask means that bit will be treated as a “don’t care” for comparison purposes. In this 158 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 case, either a 1 or a 0 value are acceptable on the incoming slave address. Additionally, if the GC bit in register SMB0ADR is set to 1, hardware will recognize the General Call Address (0x00). Table 19.4 shows some example parameter settings and the slave addresses that will be recognized by hardware under those conditions. Table 19.4. Hardware Address Recognition Examples (EHACK = 1) Hardware Slave Address SLV[6:0] Slave Address Mask SLVM[6:0] GC bit Slave Addresses Recognized by Hardware 0x34 0x7F 0 0x34 0x34 0x7F 1 0x34, 0x00 (General Call) 0x34 0x7E 0 0x34, 0x35 0x34 0x7E 1 0x34, 0x35, 0x00 (General Call) 0x70 0x73 0 0x70, 0x74, 0x78, 0x7C SFR Definition 19.3. SMB0ADR: SMBus Slave Address Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name SLV[6:0] GC Type R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xC7 Bit Name 7:1 SLV[6:0] 0 0 0 0 Function SMBus Hardware Slave Address. Defines the SMBus Slave Address(es) for automatic hardware acknowledgement. Only address bits which have a 1 in the corresponding bit position in SLVM[6:0] are checked against the incoming address. This allows multiple addresses to be recognized. 0 GC General Call Address Enable. When hardware address recognition is enabled (EHACK = 1), this bit will determine whether the General Call Address (0x00) is also recognized by hardware. 0: General Call Address is ignored. 1: General Call Address is recognized. Rev. 1.2 159 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 19.4. SMB0ADM: SMBus Slave Address Mask Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name SLVM[6:0] EHACK Type R/W R/W Reset 1 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0xCF Bit Name 7:1 SLVM[6:0] 1 1 1 0 Function SMBus Slave Address Mask. Defines which bits of register SMB0ADR are compared with an incoming address byte, and which bits are ignored. Any bit set to 1 in SLVM[6:0] enables comparisons with the corresponding bit in SLV[6:0]. Bits set to 0 are ignored (can be either 0 or 1 in the incoming address). 0 EHACK Hardware Acknowledge Enable. Enables hardware acknowledgement of slave address and received data bytes. 0: Firmware must manually acknowledge all incoming address and data bytes. 1: Automatic Slave Address Recognition and Hardware Acknowledge is Enabled. 160 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19.4.4. Data Register The SMBus Data register SMB0DAT holds a byte of serial data to be transmitted or one that has just been received. Software may safely read or write to the data register when the SI flag is set. Software should not attempt to access the SMB0DAT register when the SMBus is enabled and the SI flag is cleared to logic 0, as the interface may be in the process of shifting a byte of data into or out of the register. Data in SMB0DAT is always shifted out MSB first. After a byte has been received, the first bit of received data is located at the MSB of SMB0DAT. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus is simultaneously being shifted in. SMB0DAT always contains the last data byte present on the bus. In the event of lost arbitration, the transition from master transmitter to slave receiver is made with the correct data or address in SMB0DAT. SFR Definition 19.5. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name SMB0DAT[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xC2 Bit Name 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function 7:0 SMB0DAT[7:0] SMBus Data. The SMB0DAT register contains a byte of data to be transmitted on the SMBus serial interface or a byte that has just been received on the SMBus serial interface. The CPU can read from or write to this register whenever the SI serial interrupt flag (SMB0CN.0) is set to logic 1. The serial data in the register remains stable as long as the SI flag is set. When the SI flag is not set, the system may be in the process of shifting data in/out and the CPU should not attempt to access this register. Rev. 1.2 161 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19.5. SMBus Transfer Modes The SMBus interface may be configured to operate as master and/or slave. At any particular time, it will be operating in one of the following four modes: Master Transmitter, Master Receiver, Slave Transmitter, or Slave Receiver. The SMBus interface enters Master Mode any time a START is generated, and remains in Master Mode until it loses an arbitration or generates a STOP. An SMBus interrupt is generated at the end of all SMBus byte frames. Note that the position of the ACK interrupt when operating as a receiver depends on whether hardware ACK generation is enabled. As a receiver, the interrupt for an ACK occurs before the ACK with hardware ACK generation disabled, and after the ACK when hardware ACK generation is enabled. As a transmitter, interrupts occur after the ACK, regardless of whether hardware ACK generation is enabled or not. 19.5.1. Write Sequence (Master) During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The master in this transfer will be a transmitter during the address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 0 (WRITE). The master then transmits one or more bytes of serial data. After each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is generated by the slave. The transfer is ended when the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. Note that the interface will switch to Master Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Master Transmitter interrupt. Figure 19.5 shows a typical master write sequence. Two transmit data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that all of the “data byte transferred” interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode, regardless of whether hardware ACK generation is enabled. Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1) S SLA W A Data Byte A Data Byte A Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0) S = START P = STOP A = ACK W = WRITE SLA = Slave Address Received by SMBus Interface Transmitted by SMBus Interface Figure 19.5. Typical Master Write Sequence 162 Rev. 1.2 P C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19.5.2. Read Sequence (Master) During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The master in this transfer will be a transmitter during the address byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 1 (READ). Serial data is then received from the slave on SDA while the SMBus outputs the serial clock. The slave transmits one or more bytes of serial data. If hardware ACK generation is disabled, the ACKRQ is set to 1 and an interrupt is generated after each received byte. Software must write the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte. With hardware ACK generation enabled, the SMBus hardware will automatically generate the ACK/NACK, and then post the interrupt. It is important to note that the appropriate ACK or NACK value should be set up by the software prior to receiving the byte when hardware ACK generation is enabled. Writing a 1 to the ACK bit generates an ACK; writing a 0 generates a NACK. Software should write a 0 to the ACK bit for the last data transfer, to transmit a NACK. The interface exits Master Receiver Mode after the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. The interface will switch to Master Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Master Receiver. Figure 19.6 shows a typical master read sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur at different places in the sequence, depending on whether hardware ACK generation is enabled. The interrupt occurs before the ACK with hardware ACK generation disabled, and after the ACK when hardware ACK generation is enabled. Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1) S SLA R A Data Byte A Data Byte N P Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0) S = START P = STOP A = ACK N = NACK R = READ SLA = Slave Address Received by SMBus Interface Transmitted by SMBus Interface Figure 19.6. Typical Master Read Sequence Rev. 1.2 163 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19.5.3. Write Sequence (Slave) During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The slave in this transfer will be a receiver during the address byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode when a START followed by a slave address and direction bit (WRITE in this case) is received. If hardware ACK generation is disabled, upon entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software must respond to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignore the received slave address with a NACK. If hardware ACK generation is enabled, the hardware will apply the ACK for a slave address which matches the criteria set up by SMB0ADR and SMB0ADM. The interrupt will occur after the ACK cycle. If the received slave address is ignored (by software or hardware), slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected. If the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are received. If hardware ACK generation is disabled, the ACKRQ is set to 1 and an interrupt is generated after each received byte. Software must write the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte. With hardware ACK generation enabled, the SMBus hardware will automatically generate the ACK/NACK, and then post the interrupt. It is important to note that the appropriate ACK or NACK value should be set up by the software prior to receiving the byte when hardware ACK generation is enabled. The interface exits Slave Receiver Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the interface will switch to Slave Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Slave Receiver. Figure 19.7 shows a typical slave write sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur at different places in the sequence, depending on whether hardware ACK generation is enabled. The interrupt occurs before the ACK with hardware ACK generation disabled, and after the ACK when hardware ACK generation is enabled. Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1) S SLA W A Data Byte A Data Byte A P Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0) S = START P = STOP A = ACK W = WRITE SLA = Slave Address Received by SMBus Interface Transmitted by SMBus Interface Figure 19.7. Typical Slave Write Sequence 164 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 19.5.4. Read Sequence (Slave) During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The slave in this transfer will be a receiver during the address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode (to receive the slave address) when a START followed by a slave address and direction bit (READ in this case) is received. If hardware ACK generation is disabled, upon entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software must respond to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignore the received slave address with a NACK. If hardware ACK generation is enabled, the hardware will apply the ACK for a slave address which matches the criteria set up by SMB0ADR and SMB0ADM. The interrupt will occur after the ACK cycle. If the received slave address is ignored (by software or hardware), slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected. If the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are transmitted. If the received slave address is acknowledged, data should be written to SMB0DAT to be transmitted. The interface enters slave transmitter mode, and transmits one or more bytes of data. After each byte is transmitted, the master sends an acknowledge bit; if the acknowledge bit is an ACK, SMB0DAT should be written with the next data byte. If the acknowledge bit is a NACK, SMB0DAT should not be written to before SI is cleared (an error condition may be generated if SMB0DAT is written following a received NACK while in slave transmitter mode). The interface exits slave transmitter mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the interface will switch to slave receiver mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Slave Transmitter interrupt. Figure 19.8 shows a typical slave read sequence. Two transmitted data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that all of the “data byte transferred” interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode, regardless of whether hardware ACK generation is enabled. Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1) S SLA R A Data Byte A Data Byte N P Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0) S = START P = STOP N = NACK R = READ SLA = Slave Address Received by SMBus Interface Transmitted by SMBus Interface Figure 19.8. Typical Slave Read Sequence 19.6. SMBus Status Decoding The current SMBus status can be easily decoded using the SMB0CN register. The appropriate actions to take in response to an SMBus event depend on whether hardware slave address recognition and ACK generation is enabled or disabled. Table 19.5 describes the typical actions when hardware slave address recognition and ACK generation is disabled. Table 19.6 describes the typical actions when hardware slave address recognition and ACK generation is enabled. In the tables, STATUS VECTOR refers to the four upper bits of SMB0CN: MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO. The shown response options are only the typical responses; application-specific procedures are allowed as long as they conform to the SMBus specification. Highlighted responses are allowed by hardware but do not conform to the SMBus specification. Rev. 1.2 165 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 19.5. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Disabled (EHACK = 0) Values to Write Values Read Current SMbus State 1110 Load slave address + R/W into SMB0DAT. 0 0 X 1100 1 0 X 1110 0 1 X — Load next data byte into SMB0DAT. 0 0 X 1100 End transfer with STOP. 0 1 X — A master data or address byte End transfer with STOP and start 1 another transfer. 1 was transmitted; ACK received. Send repeated START. 1 1 X — 0 X 0 0 A master data or address byte Set STA to restart transfer. 0 was transmitted; NACK Abort transfer. received. 0 166 A master START was generated. 0 1100 1000 Typical Response Options 1 0 0 X A master data byte was received; ACK requested. X 1110 Switch to Master Receiver Mode 0 (clear SI without writing new data to SMB0DAT). 0 X 1000 Acknowledge received byte; Read SMB0DAT. 0 0 1 1000 Send NACK to indicate last byte, 0 and send STOP. 1 0 — Send NACK to indicate last byte, 1 and send STOP followed by START. 1 0 1110 Send ACK followed by repeated START. 1 0 1 1110 Send NACK to indicate last byte, 1 and send repeated START. 0 0 1110 Send ACK and switch to Master Transmitter Mode (write to SMB0DAT before clearing SI). 0 0 1 1100 Send NACK and switch to Master Transmitter Mode (write to SMB0DAT before clearing SI). 0 0 0 1100 Rev. 1.2 0 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 19.5. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Disabled (EHACK = 0) (Continued) Values to Write Values Read Current SMbus State 0100 0101 Typical Response Options 0 0 0 A slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting NACK received. STOP condition). 0 0 X 0001 0 0 1 A slave byte was transmitted; Load SMB0DAT with next data ACK received. byte to transmit. 0 0 X 0100 0 1 X A Slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting error detected. Master to end transfer). 0 0 X 0001 0 An illegal STOP or bus error X X was detected while a Slave Clear STO. Transmission was in progress. 0 0 X — 0 0 1 0000 If Read, Load SMB0DAT with 0 data byte; ACK received address 0 1 0100 NACK received address. 0 0 0 — If Write, Acknowledge received address 0 0 1 0000 If Read, Load SMB0DAT with 0 Lost arbitration as master; 1 X slave address + R/W received; data byte; ACK received address ACK requested. NACK received address. 0 0 1 0100 0 0 — 1 0 0 1110 0 0 X — Lost arbitration while attempt- No action required (transfer ing a STOP. complete/aborted). 0 0 0 — Acknowledge received byte; Read SMB0DAT. 0 0 1 0000 NACK received byte. 0 0 0 — If Write, Acknowledge received address 1 0 X A slave address + R/W was received; ACK requested. 0010 1 Reschedule failed transfer; NACK received address. 0 A STOP was detected while 0 X addressed as a Slave Transmitter or Slave Receiver. 1 1 X 1 A slave byte was received; 0 X ACK requested. 0001 0000 Clear STO. Rev. 1.2 167 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 19.5. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Disabled (EHACK = 0) (Continued) Values to Write Values Read Current SMbus State Typical Response Options 0010 0 1 X Lost arbitration while attempt- Abort failed transfer. ing a repeated START. Reschedule failed transfer. 0 0 X — 1 0 X 1110 0001 0 1 X Lost arbitration due to a detected STOP. Abort failed transfer. 0 0 Reschedule failed transfer. 1 0 X 0000 1 1 X Lost arbitration while transmit- Abort failed transfer. ting a data byte as master. Reschedule failed transfer. 0 0 0 — 1 0 0 1110 X — 1110 Table 19.6. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Enabled (EHACK = 1) Values to Write Values Read Current SMbus State 1110 Typical Response Options A master START was generated. Load slave address + R/W into SMB0DAT. 0 0 X 1100 1 0 X 1110 0 1 X — Load next data byte into SMB0DAT. 0 0 X 1100 End transfer with STOP. 0 1 X — End transfer with STOP and start 1 A master data or address byte another transfer. 1 was transmitted; ACK received. Send repeated START. 1 1 X — 0 0 X 0 0 A master data or address byte Set STA to restart transfer. 0 was transmitted; NACK Abort transfer. received. 1100 0 0 Switch to Master Receiver Mode 0 (clear SI without writing new data to SMB0DAT). Set ACK for initial data byte. 168 Rev. 1.2 0 X 1110 0 1 1000 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 19.6. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Enabled (EHACK = 1) (Continued) Values to Write Values Read Current SMbus State 0 0 1 A master data byte was received; ACK sent. 1000 0 0100 0101 0 A master data byte was 0 received; NACK sent (last byte). Typical Response Options Set ACK for next data byte; Read SMB0DAT. 0 0 1 1000 Set NACK to indicate next data byte as the last data byte; Read SMB0DAT. 0 0 0 1000 Initiate repeated START. 1 0 0 1110 Switch to Master Transmitter 0 Mode (write to SMB0DAT before clearing SI). 0 X 1100 Read SMB0DAT; send STOP. 0 1 0 — Read SMB0DAT; Send STOP followed by START. 1 1 0 1110 Initiate repeated START. 1 0 0 1110 0 X 1100 Switch to Master Transmitter 0 Mode (write to SMB0DAT before clearing SI). 0 0 0 A slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting NACK received. STOP condition). 0 0 X 0001 0 0 1 A slave byte was transmitted; Load SMB0DAT with next data ACK received. byte to transmit. 0 0 X 0100 0 1 X A Slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting error detected. Master to end transfer). 0 0 X 0001 0 An illegal STOP or bus error X X was detected while a Slave Clear STO. Transmission was in progress. 0 0 X — Rev. 1.2 169 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 19.6. SMBus Status Decoding With Hardware ACK Generation Enabled (EHACK = 1) (Continued) Values to Write Values Read Current SMbus State 0 Typical Response Options If Write, Set ACK for first data byte. 0 0 1 0000 If Read, Load SMB0DAT with data byte 0 0 X 0100 If Write, Set ACK for first data byte. 0 0 1 0000 0 0 X 0100 1 0 X 1110 0 0 X — Lost arbitration while attempt- No action required (transfer ing a STOP. complete/aborted). 0 0 0 — Set ACK for next data byte; Read SMB0DAT. 0 0 1 0000 Set NACK for next data byte; Read SMB0DAT. 0 0 0 0000 0 0 X — 1 0 X 1110 Abort failed transfer. 0 0 X — A slave address + R/W was 0 X received; ACK sent. 0010 0 Lost arbitration as master; 1 X slave address + R/W received; If Read, Load SMB0DAT with data byte ACK sent. Reschedule failed transfer 0 A STOP was detected while 0 X addressed as a Slave Transmitter or Slave Receiver. 0 1 X 0001 170 Clear STO. 0000 0 0 X A slave byte was received. 0010 0 1 X Lost arbitration while attempt- Abort failed transfer. ing a repeated START. Reschedule failed transfer. 0001 0 1 X Lost arbitration due to a detected STOP. Reschedule failed transfer. 1 0 X 1110 0000 0 1 X Lost arbitration while transmit- Abort failed transfer. ting a data byte as master. Reschedule failed transfer. 0 0 X — 1 0 X 1110 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 20. UART0 UART0 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering modes 1 and 3 of the standard 8051 UART. Enhanced baud rate support allows a wide range of clock sources to generate standard baud rates (details in Section “20.1. Enhanced Baud Rate Generation” on page 172). Received data buffering allows UART0 to start reception of a second incoming data byte before software has finished reading the previous data byte. UART0 has two associated SFRs: Serial Control Register 0 (SCON0) and Serial Data Buffer 0 (SBUF0). The single SBUF0 location provides access to both transmit and receive registers. Writes to SBUF0 always access the Transmit register. Reads of SBUF0 always access the buffered Receive register; it is not possible to read data from the Transmit register. With UART0 interrupts enabled, an interrupt is generated each time a transmit is completed (TI0 is set in SCON0), or a data byte has been received (RI0 is set in SCON0). The UART0 interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine. They must be cleared manually by software, allowing software to determine the cause of the UART0 interrupt (transmit complete or receive complete). SFR Bus Write to SBUF TB8 SBUF (TX Shift) SET D Q TX CLR Crossbar Zero Detector Stop Bit Shift Start Data Tx Control Tx Clock Send Tx IRQ SCON TI UART Baud Rate Generator RI Serial Port Interrupt Port I/O Rx IRQ Rx Clock Rx Control Start Shift 0x1FF RB8 Load SBUF Input Shift Register (9 bits) Load SBUF SBUF (RX Latch) Read SBUF SFR Bus RX Crossbar Figure 20.1. UART0 Block Diagram Rev. 1.2 171 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 20.1. Enhanced Baud Rate Generation The UART0 baud rate is generated by Timer 1 in 8-bit auto-reload mode. The TX clock is generated by TL1; the RX clock is generated by a copy of TL1 (shown as RX Timer in Figure 20.2), which is not useraccessible. Both TX and RX Timer overflows are divided by two to generate the TX and RX baud rates. The RX Timer runs when Timer 1 is enabled, and uses the same reload value (TH1). However, an RX Timer reload is forced when a START condition is detected on the RX pin. This allows a receive to begin any time a START is detected, independent of the TX Timer state. Timer 1 TL1 UART Overflow 2 TX Clock Overflow 2 RX Clock TH1 Start Detected RX Timer Figure 20.2. UART0 Baud Rate Logic Timer 1 should be configured for Mode 2, 8-bit auto-reload (see Section “23.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload” on page 205). The Timer 1 reload value should be set so that overflows will occur at two times the desired UART baud rate frequency. Note that Timer 1 may be clocked by one of six sources: SYSCLK, SYSCLK/4, SYSCLK/12, SYSCLK/48, the external oscillator clock/8, or an external input T1. For any given Timer 1 clock source, the UART0 baud rate is determined by Equation 20.1-A and Equation 20.1-B. A) B) 1 UARTBaudRate = --- » T1_Overflow_Rate 2 T1 CLK T1_Overflow_Rate = -------------------------256 – TH1 Equation 20.1. UART0 Baud Rate Where T1CLK is the frequency of the clock supplied to Timer 1, and T1H is the high byte of Timer 1 (reload value). Timer 1 clock frequency is selected as described in Section “23. Timers” on page 202. A quick reference for typical baud rates and system clock frequencies is given in Table 20.1 through Table 20.2. The internal oscillator may still generate the system clock when the external oscillator is driving Timer 1. 172 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 20.2. Operational Modes UART0 provides standard asynchronous, full duplex communication. The UART mode (8-bit or 9-bit) is selected by the S0MODE bit (SCON0.7). Typical UART connection options are shown in Figure 20.3. TX RS-232 LEVEL XLTR RS-232 RX C8051xxxx OR TX TX RX RX MCU C8051xxxx Figure 20.3. UART Interconnect Diagram 20.2.1. 8-Bit UART 8-Bit UART mode uses a total of 10 bits per data byte: one start bit, eight data bits (LSB first), and one stop bit. Data are transmitted LSB first from the TX0 pin and received at the RX0 pin. On receive, the eight data bits are stored in SBUF0 and the stop bit goes into RB80 (SCON0.2). Data transmission begins when software writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. The TI0 Transmit Interrupt Flag (SCON0.1) is set at the end of the transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit time). Data reception can begin any time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to logic 1. After the stop bit is received, the data byte will be loaded into the SBUF0 receive register if the following conditions are met: RI0 must be logic 0, and if MCE0 is logic 1, the stop bit must be logic 1. In the event of a receive data overrun, the first received 8 bits are latched into the SBUF0 receive register and the following overrun data bits are lost. If these conditions are met, the eight bits of data is stored in SBUF0, the stop bit is stored in RB80 and the RI0 flag is set. If these conditions are not met, SBUF0 and RB80 will not be loaded and the RI0 flag will not be set. An interrupt will occur if enabled when either TI0 or RI0 is set. MARK SPACE START BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP BIT BIT TIMES BIT SAMPLING Figure 20.4. 8-Bit UART Timing Diagram Rev. 1.2 173 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 20.2.2. 9-Bit UART 9-bit UART mode uses a total of eleven bits per data byte: a start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable ninth data bit, and a stop bit. The state of the ninth transmit data bit is determined by the value in TB80 (SCON0.3), which is assigned by user software. It can be assigned the value of the parity flag (bit P in register PSW) for error detection, or used in multiprocessor communications. On receive, the ninth data bit goes into RB80 (SCON0.2) and the stop bit is ignored. Data transmission begins when an instruction writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. The TI0 Transmit Interrupt Flag (SCON0.1) is set at the end of the transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit time). Data reception can begin any time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to 1. After the stop bit is received, the data byte will be loaded into the SBUF0 receive register if the following conditions are met: (1) RI0 must be logic 0, and (2) if MCE0 is logic 1, the 9th bit must be logic 1 (when MCE0 is logic 0, the state of the ninth data bit is unimportant). If these conditions are met, the eight bits of data are stored in SBUF0, the ninth bit is stored in RB80, and the RI0 flag is set to 1. If the above conditions are not met, SBUF0 and RB80 will not be loaded and the RI0 flag will not be set to 1. A UART0 interrupt will occur if enabled when either TI0 or RI0 is set to 1. MARK SPACE START BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 BIT TIMES BIT SAMPLING Figure 20.5. 9-Bit UART Timing Diagram 174 Rev. 1.2 D7 D8 STOP BIT C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 20.3. Multiprocessor Communications 9-Bit UART mode supports multiprocessor communication between a master processor and one or more slave processors by special use of the ninth data bit. When a master processor wants to transmit to one or more slaves, it first sends an address byte to select the target(s). An address byte differs from a data byte in that its ninth bit is logic 1; in a data byte, the ninth bit is always set to logic 0. Setting the MCE0 bit (SCON0.5) of a slave processor configures its UART such that when a stop bit is received, the UART will generate an interrupt only if the ninth bit is logic 1 (RB80 = 1) signifying an address byte has been received. In the UART interrupt handler, software will compare the received address with the slave's own assigned 8-bit address. If the addresses match, the slave will clear its MCE0 bit to enable interrupts on the reception of the following data byte(s). Slaves that weren't addressed leave their MCE0 bits set and do not generate interrupts on the reception of the following data bytes, thereby ignoring the data. Once the entire message is received, the addressed slave resets its MCE0 bit to ignore all transmissions until it receives the next address byte. Multiple addresses can be assigned to a single slave and/or a single address can be assigned to multiple slaves, thereby enabling "broadcast" transmissions to more than one slave simultaneously. The master processor can be configured to receive all transmissions or a protocol can be implemented such that the master/slave role is temporarily reversed to enable half-duplex transmission between the original master and slave(s). Master Device RX TX Slave Device RX TX Slave Device RX TX Slave Device RX V+ TX Figure 20.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram Rev. 1.2 175 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 20.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control Bit 7 6 Name S0MODE Type R/W Reset 0 5 4 3 2 1 0 MCE0 REN0 TB80 RB80 TI0 RI0 R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0x98; Bit-Addressable Bit Name 7 Function S0MODE Serial Port 0 Operation Mode. Selects the UART0 Operation Mode. 0: 8-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate. 1: 9-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate. 6 Unused 5 MCE0 Unused. Read = 1b, Write = Don’t Care. Multiprocessor Communication Enable. The function of this bit is dependent on the Serial Port 0 Operation Mode: Mode 0: Checks for valid stop bit. 0: Logic level of stop bit is ignored. 1: RI0 will only be activated if stop bit is logic level 1. Mode 1: Multiprocessor Communications Enable. 0: Logic level of ninth bit is ignored. 1: RI0 is set and an interrupt is generated only when the ninth bit is logic 1. 4 REN0 Receive Enable. 0: UART0 reception disabled. 1: UART0 reception enabled. 3 TB80 Ninth Transmission Bit. The logic level of this bit will be sent as the ninth transmission bit in 9-bit UART Mode (Mode 1). Unused in 8-bit mode (Mode 0). 2 RB80 Ninth Receive Bit. RB80 is assigned the value of the STOP bit in Mode 0; it is assigned the value of the 9th data bit in Mode 1. 1 TI0 Transmit Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a byte of data has been transmitted by UART0 (after the 8th bit in 8-bit UART Mode, or at the beginning of the STOP bit in 9-bit UART Mode). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software. 0 RI0 Receive Interrupt Flag. Set to 1 by hardware when a byte of data has been received by UART0 (set at the STOP bit sampling time). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit to 1 causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software. 176 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 20.2. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name SBUF0[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0x99 Bit Name 7:0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function SBUF0[7:0] Serial Data Buffer Bits 7–0 (MSB–LSB). This SFR accesses two registers; a transmit shift register and a receive latch register. When data is written to SBUF0, it goes to the transmit shift register and is held for serial transmission. Writing a byte to SBUF0 initiates the transmission. A read of SBUF0 returns the contents of the receive latch. Rev. 1.2 177 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Table 20.1. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using The Internal 24.5 MHz Oscillator Frequency: 24.5 MHz Target Baud Rate (bps) Baud Rate % Error 230400 115200 57600 28800 14400 9600 2400 1200 –0.32% –0.32% 0.15% –0.32% 0.15% –0.32% –0.32% 0.15% Oscillator Timer Clock Divide Source Factor 106 212 426 848 1704 2544 10176 20448 SYSCLK SYSCLK SYSCLK SYSCLK/4 SYSCLK/12 SYSCLK/12 SYSCLK/48 SYSCLK/48 SCA1–SCA0 (pre-scale select)1 XX 2 XX XX 01 00 00 10 10 T1M1 Timer 1 Reload Value (hex) 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0xCB 0x96 0x2B 0x96 0xB9 0x96 0x96 0x2B SCA1–SCA0 (pre-scale select)1 T1M1 Timer 1 Reload Value (hex) XX2 XX XX 00 00 00 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0xD0 0xA0 0x40 0xE0 0xC0 0xA0 0xA0 0x40 0xFA 0xF4 0xE8 0xD0 0xA0 0x70 Notes: 1. SCA1–SCA0 and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 23.1. 2. X = Don’t care. Table 20.2. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using an External 22.1184 MHz Oscillator Frequency: 22.1184 MHz Target Baud Rate (bps) Baud Rate % Error 230400 115200 57600 28800 14400 9600 2400 1200 230400 115200 57600 28800 14400 9600 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Oscillator Timer Clock Divide Source Factor 96 192 384 768 1536 2304 9216 18432 96 192 384 768 1536 2304 SYSCLK SYSCLK SYSCLK SYSCLK / 12 SYSCLK / 12 SYSCLK / 12 SYSCLK / 48 SYSCLK / 48 EXTCLK / 8 EXTCLK / 8 EXTCLK / 8 EXTCLK / 8 EXTCLK / 8 EXTCLK / 8 Notes: 1. SCA1–SCA0 and T1M bit definitions can be found in Section 23.1. 2. X = Don’t care. 178 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 21. UART1 UART1 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering a variety of data formatting options. A dedicated baud rate generator with a 16-bit timer and selectable prescaler is included, which can generate a wide range of baud rates (details in Section “21.1. Baud Rate Generator” on page 179). A received data FIFO allows UART1 to receive up to three data bytes before data is lost and an overflow occurs. UART1 has six associated SFRs. Three are used for the Baud Rate Generator (SBCON1, SBRLH1, and SBRLL1), two are used for data formatting, control, and status functions (SCON1, SMOD1), and one is used to send and receive data (SBUF1). The single SBUF1 location provides access to both the transmit holding register and the receive FIFO. Writes to SBUF1 always access the Transmit Holding Register. Reads of SBUF1 always access the first byte of the Receive FIFO; it is not possible to read data from the Transmit Holding Register. With UART1 interrupts enabled, an interrupt is generated each time a transmit is completed (TI1 is set in SCON1), or a data byte has been received (RI1 is set in SCON1). The UART1 interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine. They must be cleared manually by software, allowing software to determine the cause of the UART1 interrupt (transmit complete or receive complete). Note that if additional bytes are available in the Receive FIFO, the RI1 bit cannot be cleared by software. Baud Rate Generator SBRLH1 SYSCLK SBRLL1 Timer (16-bit) EN Data Formatting SMOD1 Overflow TX Logic TX1 TX Holding Register Pre-Scaler (1, 4, 12, 48) Write to SBUF1 SBUF1 Control / Status SCON1 SBCON1 Read of SBUF1 RX FIFO (3 Deep) RX Logic RX1 UART1 Interrupt Figure 21.1. UART1 Block Diagram 21.1. Baud Rate Generator The UART1 baud rate is generated by a dedicated 16-bit timer which runs from the controller’s core clock (SYSCLK), and has prescaler options of 1, 4, 12, or 48. The timer and prescaler options combined allow for a wide selection of baud rates over many SYSCLK frequencies. The baud rate generator is configured using three registers: SBCON1, SBRLH1, and SBRLL1. The UART1 Baud Rate Generator Control Register (SBCON1, SFR Definition ) enables or disables the baud rate generator, and selects the prescaler value for the timer. The baud rate generator must be enabled for UART1 to function. Registers SBRLH1 and SBRLL1 contain a 16-bit reload value for the dedicated 16-bit timer. The internal timer counts up from the reload value on every clock tick. On timer overflows (0xFFFF to 0x0000), the timer is reloaded. For reliable UART operation, it is recommended that the UART baud rate is not configured for baud rates faster than SYSCLK/16. The baud rate for UART1 is defined in Equation 21.1. Rev. 1.2 179 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SYSCLK 1 1 Baud Rate = --------------------------------------------------------------------------- » --- » --------------------- 65536 – (SBRLH1:SBRLL1) 2 Prescaler Equation 21.1. UART1 Baud Rate A quick reference for typical baud rates and system clock frequencies is given in Table 21.1. Table 21.1. Baud Rate Generator Settings for Standard Baud Rates Target Baud Rate (bps) Actual Baud Rate (bps) Baud Rate Error Oscillator Divide Factor SB1PS[1:0] (Prescaler Bits) Reload Value in SBRLH1:SBRLL1 230400 230769 0.16% 52 11 0xFFE6 115200 115385 0.16% 104 11 0xFFCC 57600 57692 0.16% 208 11 0xFF98 28800 28846 0.16% 416 11 0xFF30 14400 14388 0.08% 834 11 0xFE5F 9600 9600 0.0% 1250 11 0xFD8F 2400 2400 0.0% 5000 11 0xF63C 1200 1200 0.0% 10000 11 0xEC78 230400 230769 0.16% 104 11 0xFFCC 115200 115385 0.16% 208 11 0xFF98 57600 57692 0.16% 416 11 0xFF30 28800 28777 0.08% 834 11 0xFE5F 14400 14406 0.04% 1666 11 0xFCBF 9600 9600 0.0% 2500 11 0xFB1E 2400 2400 0.0% 10000 11 0xEC78 1200 1200 0.0% 20000 11 0xD8F0 230400 230769 0.16% 208 11 0xFF98 115200 115385 0.16% 416 11 0xFF30 57600 57554 0.08% 834 11 0xFE5F 28800 28812 0.04% 1666 11 0xFCBF 14400 14397 0.02% 3334 11 0xF97D 9600 9600 0.0% 5000 11 0xF63C 2400 2400 0.0% 20000 11 0xD8F0 1200 1200 0.0% 40000 11 0xB1E0 21.2. Data Format UART1 has a number of available options for data formatting. Data transfers begin with a start bit (logic low), followed by the data bits (sent LSB-first), a parity or extra bit (if selected), and end with one or two stop bits (logic high). The data length is variable between 5 and 8 bits. A parity bit can be appended to the data, and automatically generated and detected by hardware for even, odd, mark, or space parity. The stop 180 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 bit length is selectable between short (1 bit time) and long (1.5 or 2 bit times), and a multi-processor communication mode is available for implementing networked UART buses. All of the data formatting options can be configured using the SMOD1 register, shown in SFR Definition . Figure 21.2 shows the timing for a UART1 transaction without parity or an extra bit enabled. Figure 21.3 shows the timing for a UART1 transaction with parity enabled (PE1 = 1). Figure 21.4 is an example of a UART1 transaction when the extra bit is enabled (XBE1 = 1). Note that the extra bit feature is not available when parity is enabled, and the second stop bit is only an option for data lengths of 6, 7, or 8 bits. MARK START BIT SPACE D0 D1 DN-2 STOP BIT 2 STOP BIT 1 DN-1 BIT TIMES Optional N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8 Figure 21.2. UART1 Timing Without Parity or Extra Bit MARK SPACE START BIT D0 D1 DN-2 DN-1 PARITY STOP BIT 1 STOP BIT 2 BIT TIMES Optional N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8 Figure 21.3. UART1 Timing With Parity MARK SPACE START BIT D0 D1 DN-2 DN-1 EXTRA STOP BIT 1 STOP BIT 2 BIT TIMES Optional N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8 Figure 21.4. UART1 Timing With Extra Bit 21.3. Configuration and Operation UART1 provides standard asynchronous, full duplex communication. It can operate in a point-to-point serial communications application, or as a node on a multi-processor serial interface. To operate in a pointto-point application, where there are only two devices on the serial bus, the MCE1 bit in SMOD1 should be cleared to 0. For operation as part of a multi-processor communications bus, the MCE1 and XBE1 bits should both be set to 1. In both types of applications, data is transmitted from the microcontroller on the TX1 pin, and received on the RX1 pin. The TX1 and RX1 pins are configured using the crossbar and the Port I/O registers, as detailed in Section “17. Port Input/Output” on page 97. Rev. 1.2 181 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 In typical UART communications, The transmit (TX) output of one device is connected to the receive (RX) input of the other device, either directly or through a bus transceiver, as shown in Figure 21.5. PC COM Port RS-232 LEVEL TRANSLATOR RS-232 TX RX C8051Fxxx OR TX TX RX RX MCU C8051Fxxx Figure 21.5. Typical UART Interconnect Diagram 21.3.1. Data Transmission Data transmission is double-buffered, and begins when software writes a data byte to the SBUF1 register. Writing to SBUF1 places data in the Transmit Holding Register, and the Transmit Holding Register Empty flag (THRE1) will be cleared to 0. If the UARTs shift register is empty (i.e. no transmission is in progress) the data will be placed in the shift register, and the THRE1 bit will be set to 1. If a transmission is in progress, the data will remain in the Transmit Holding Register until the current transmission is complete. The TI1 Transmit Interrupt Flag (SCON1.1) will be set at the end of any transmission (the beginning of the stopbit time). If enabled, an interrupt will occur when TI1 is set. If the extra bit function is enabled (XBE1 = 1) and the parity function is disabled (PE1 = 0), the value of the TBX1 (SCON1.3) bit will be sent in the extra bit position. When the parity function is enabled (PE1 = 1), hardware will generate the parity bit according to the selected parity type (selected with S1PT[1:0]), and append it to the data field. Note: when parity is enabled, the extra bit function is not available. 21.3.2. Data Reception Data reception can begin any time after the REN1 Receive Enable bit (SCON1.4) is set to logic 1. After the stop bit is received, the data byte will be stored in the receive FIFO if the following conditions are met: the receive FIFO (3 bytes deep) must not be full, and the stop bit(s) must be logic 1. In the event that the receive FIFO is full, the incoming byte will be lost, and a Receive FIFO Overrun Error will be generated (OVR1 in register SCON1 will be set to logic 1). If the stop bit(s) were logic 0, the incoming data will not be stored in the receive FIFO. If the reception conditions are met, the data is stored in the receive FIFO, and the RI1 flag will be set. Note: when MCE1 = 1, RI1 will only be set if the extra bit was equal to 1. Data can be read from the receive FIFO by reading the SBUF1 register. The SBUF1 register represents the oldest byte in the FIFO. After SBUF1 is read, the next byte in the FIFO is immediately loaded into SBUF1, and space is made available in the FIFO for another incoming byte. If enabled, an interrupt will occur when RI1 is set. RI1 can only be cleared to '0' by software when there is no more information in the FIFO. The recommended procedure to empty the FIFO contents is: 1. Clear RI1 to 0. 2. Read SBUF1. 3. Check RI1, and repeat at Step 1 if RI1 is set to 1. If the extra bit function is enabled (XBE1 = 1) and the parity function is disabled (PE1 = 0), the extra bit for the oldest byte in the FIFO can be read from the RBX1 bit (SCON1.2). If the extra bit function is not enabled, the value of the stop bit for the oldest FIFO byte will be presented in RBX1. When the parity function is enabled (PE1 = 1), hardware will check the received parity bit against the selected parity type 182 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 (selected with S1PT[1:0]) when receiving data. If a byte with parity error is received, the PERR1 flag will be set to 1. This flag must be cleared by software. Note: when parity is enabled, the extra bit function is not available. 21.3.3. Multiprocessor Communications UART1 supports multiprocessor communication between a master processor and one or more slave processors by special use of the extra data bit. When a master processor wants to transmit to one or more slaves, it first sends an address byte to select the target(s). An address byte differs from a data byte in that its extra bit is logic 1; in a data byte, the extra bit is always set to logic 0. Setting the MCE1 bit (SMOD1.7) of a slave processor configures its UART such that when a stop bit is received, the UART will generate an interrupt only if the extra bit is logic 1 (RBX1 = 1) signifying an address byte has been received. In the UART interrupt handler, software will compare the received address with the slave's own assigned address. If the addresses match, the slave will clear its MCE1 bit to enable interrupts on the reception of the following data byte(s). Slaves that weren't addressed leave their MCE1 bits set and do not generate interrupts on the reception of the following data bytes, thereby ignoring the data. Once the entire message is received, the addressed slave resets its MCE1 bit to ignore all transmissions until it receives the next address byte. Multiple addresses can be assigned to a single slave and/or a single address can be assigned to multiple slaves, thereby enabling "broadcast" transmissions to more than one slave simultaneously. The master processor can be configured to receive all transmissions or a protocol can be implemented such that the master/slave role is temporarily reversed to enable half-duplex transmission between the original master and slave(s). Master Device RX TX Slave Device RX TX Slave Device RX TX Slave Device RX V+ TX Figure 21.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram Rev. 1.2 183 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 21.1. SCON1: UART1 Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name OVR1 PERR1 THRE1 REN1 TBX1 RBX1 TI1 RI1 Type R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xD2 Bit Name Function 7 OVR1 Receive FIFO Overrun Flag. This bit indicates a receive FIFO overrun condition, where an incoming character is discarded due to a full FIFO. This bit must be cleared to 0 by software. 0: Receive FIFO Overrun has not occurred. 1: Receive FIFO Overrun has occurred. 6 PERR1 Parity Error Flag. When parity is enabled, this bit indicates that a parity error has occurred. It is set to 1 when the parity of the oldest byte in the FIFO does not match the selected Parity Type. This bit must be cleared to 0 by software. 0: Parity Error has not occurred. 1: Parity Error has occurred. 5 THRE1 Transmit Holding Register Empty Flag. 0: Transmit Holding Register not Empty - do not write to SBUF1. 1: Transmit Holding Register Empty - it is safe to write to SBUF1. 4 REN1 Receive Enable. This bit enables/disables the UART receiver. When disabled, bytes can still be read from the receive FIFO. 0: UART1 reception disabled. 1: UART1 reception enabled. 3 TBX1 Extra Transmission Bit. The logic level of this bit will be assigned to the extra transmission bit when XBE1 = 1. This bit is not used when Parity is enabled. 2 RBX1 Extra Receive Bit. RBX1 is assigned the value of the extra bit when XBE1 = 1. If XBE1 is cleared to 0, RBX1 is assigned the logic level of the first stop bit. This bit is not valid when Parity is enabled. 1 TI1 Transmit Interrupt Flag. Set to a 1 by hardware after data has been transmitted at the beginning of the STOP bit. When the UART1 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the UART1 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software. 0 RI1 Receive Interrupt Flag. Set to 1 by hardware when a byte of data has been received by UART1 (set at the STOP bit sampling time). When the UART1 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit to 1 causes the CPU to vector to the UART1 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software. Note that RI1 will remain set to '1' as long as there is still data in the UART FIFO. After the last byte has been shifted from the FIFO to SBUF1, RI1 can be cleared. 184 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 21.2. SMOD1: UART1 Mode Bit 7 6 5 Name MCE1 S1PT[1:0] PE1 Type R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 4 0 SFR Address = 0xE5 Bit Name 7 MCE1 3 2 1 0 S1DL[1:0] XBE1 SBL1 R/W R/W R/W 0 0 1 1 Function Multiprocessor Communication Enable. 0: RI will be activated if stop bit(s) are 1. 1: RI will be activated if stop bit(s) and extra bit are 1 (extra bit must be enabled using XBE1). Note: This function is not available when hardware parity is enabled. 6:5 S1PT[1:0] Parity Type Bits. 00: Odd 01: Even 10: Mark 11: Space 4 PE1 Parity Enable. This bit activates hardware parity generation and checking. The parity type is selected by bits S1PT1-0 when parity is enabled. 0: Hardware parity is disabled. 1: Hardware parity is enabled. 3:2 S1DL[1:0] Data Length. 00: 5-bit data 01: 6-bit data 10: 7-bit data 11: 8-bit data 1 XBE1 Extra Bit Enable. When enabled, the value of TBX1 will be appended to the data field. 0: Extra Bit Disabled. 1: Extra Bit Enabled. 0 SBL1 Stop Bit Length. 0: Short—Stop bit is active for one bit time. 1: Long—Stop bit is active for two bit times (data length = 6, 7, or 8 bits), or 1.5 bit times (data length = 5 bits). Rev. 1.2 185 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 21.3. SBUF1: UART1 Data Buffer Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name SBUF1[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 SFR Address = 0xD3 Bit Name 7:0 186 0 0 Description 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Write Writing a byte to SBUF1 This SFR is used to both send initiates the transmission. When data is written to data from the UART and to SBUF1, it first goes to the read received data from the Transmit Holding Register, UART1 receive FIFO. where it is held for serial transmission. When the transmit shift register is available, data is transferred into the shift register, and SBUF1 may be written again. SBUF1[7:0] Serial Data Buffer Bits. Rev. 1.2 Read Reading SBUF1 retrieves data from the receive FIFO. When read, the oldest byte in the receive FIFO is returned, and removed from the FIFO. Up to three bytes may be held in the FIFO. If there are additional bytes available in the FIFO, the RI1 bit will remain at logic 1, even after being cleared by software. C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 21.4. SBCON1: UART1 Baud Rate Generator Control Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 Name Reserved SB1RUN Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved SB1PS[1:0] Type R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xAC Bit Name 1 0 0 0 Function 7 Reserved Reserved. Read = 0b. Must Write 0b. 6 SB1RUN Baud Rate Generator Enable. 0: Baud Rate Generator is disabled. UART1 will not function. 1: Baud Rate Generator is enabled. 5:2 1:0 Reserved Reserved. Read = 0000b. Must Write 0000b. SB1PS[1:0] Baud Rate Prescaler Select. 00: Prescaler = 12 01: Prescaler = 4 10: Prescaler = 48 11: Prescaler = 1 SFR Definition 21.5. SBRLH1: UART1 Baud Rate Generator High Byte Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name SBRLH1[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xB5 Bit Name 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function 7:0 SBRLH1[7:0] UART1 Baud Rate Reload High Bits. High Byte of reload value for UART1 Baud Rate Generator. Rev. 1.2 187 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 21.6. SBRLL1: UART1 Baud Rate Generator Low Byte Bit 7 6 5 4 3 Name SBRLL1[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xB4 Bit Name 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Function 7:0 SBRLL1[7:0] UART1 Baud Rate Reload Low Bits. Low Byte of reload value for UART1 Baud Rate Generator. 188 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 22. Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) The Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) provides access to a flexible, full-duplex synchronous serial bus. SPI0 can operate as a master or slave device in both 3-wire or 4-wire modes, and supports multiple masters and slaves on a single SPI bus. The slave-select (NSS) signal can be configured as an input to select SPI0 in slave mode, or to disable Master Mode operation in a multi-master environment, avoiding contention on the SPI bus when more than one master attempts simultaneous data transfers. NSS can also be configured as a chip-select output in master mode, or disabled for 3-wire operation. Additional general purpose port I/O pins can be used to select multiple slave devices in master mode. SFR Bus SPI0CKR SYSCLK SPI0CFG SPI0CN Clock Divide Logic SPI CONTROL LOGIC Data Path Control SPI IRQ Pin Interface Control MOSI Tx Data SPI0DAT SCK Transmit Data Buffer Shift Register Rx Data 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Receive Data Buffer Pin Control Logic MISO C R O S S B A R Port I/O NSS Read SPI0DAT Write SPI0DAT SFR Bus Figure 22.1. SPI Block Diagram Rev. 1.2 189 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 22.1. Signal Descriptions The four signals used by SPI0 (MOSI, MISO, SCK, NSS) are described below. 22.1.1. Master Out, Slave In (MOSI) The master-out, slave-in (MOSI) signal is an output from a master device and an input to slave devices. It is used to serially transfer data from the master to the slave. This signal is an output when SPI0 is operating as a master and an input when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit first. When configured as a master, MOSI is driven by the MSB of the shift register in both 3- and 4-wire mode. 22.1.2. Master In, Slave Out (MISO) The master-in, slave-out (MISO) signal is an output from a slave device and an input to the master device. It is used to serially transfer data from the slave to the master. This signal is an input when SPI0 is operating as a master and an output when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit first. The MISO pin is placed in a high-impedance state when the SPI module is disabled and when the SPI operates in 4-wire mode as a slave that is not selected. When acting as a slave in 3-wire mode, MISO is always driven by the MSB of the shift register. 22.1.3. Serial Clock (SCK) The serial clock (SCK) signal is an output from the master device and an input to slave devices. It is used to synchronize the transfer of data between the master and slave on the MOSI and MISO lines. SPI0 generates this signal when operating as a master. The SCK signal is ignored by a SPI slave when the slave is not selected (NSS = 1) in 4-wire slave mode. 22.1.4. Slave Select (NSS) The function of the slave-select (NSS) signal is dependent on the setting of the NSSMD1 and NSSMD0 bits in the SPI0CN register. There are three possible modes that can be selected with these bits: 1. NSSMD[1:0] = 00: 3-Wire Master or 3-Wire Slave Mode: SPI0 operates in 3-wire mode, and NSS is disabled. When operating as a slave device, SPI0 is always selected in 3-wire mode. Since no select signal is present, SPI0 must be the only slave on the bus in 3-wire mode. This is intended for point-topoint communication between a master and one slave. 2. NSSMD[1:0] = 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an input. When operating as a slave, NSS selects the SPI0 device. When operating as a master, a 1-to-0 transition of the NSS signal disables the master function of SPI0 so that multiple master devices can be used on the same SPI bus. 3. NSSMD[1:0] = 1x: 4-Wire Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an output. The setting of NSSMD0 determines what logic level the NSS pin will output. This configuration should only be used when operating SPI0 as a master device. See Figure 22.2, Figure 22.3, and Figure 22.4 for typical connection diagrams of the various operational modes. Note that the setting of NSSMD bits affects the pinout of the device. When in 3-wire master or 3-wire slave mode, the NSS pin will not be mapped by the crossbar. In all other modes, the NSS signal will be mapped to a pin on the device. See Section “17. Port Input/Output” on page 97 for general purpose port I/O and crossbar information. 22.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation A SPI master device initiates all data transfers on a SPI bus. SPI0 is placed in master mode by setting the Master Enable flag (MSTEN, SPI0CN.6). Writing a byte of data to the SPI0 data register (SPI0DAT) when in master mode writes to the transmit buffer. If the SPI shift register is empty, the byte in the transmit buffer is moved to the shift register, and a data transfer begins. The SPI0 master immediately shifts out the data serially on the MOSI line while providing the serial clock on SCK. The SPIF (SPI0CN.7) flag is set to logic 190 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 1 at the end of the transfer. If interrupts are enabled, an interrupt request is generated when the SPIF flag is set. While the SPI0 master transfers data to a slave on the MOSI line, the addressed SPI slave device simultaneously transfers the contents of its shift register to the SPI master on the MISO line in a full-duplex operation. Therefore, the SPIF flag serves as both a transmit-complete and receive-data-ready flag. The data byte received from the slave is transferred MSB-first into the master's shift register. When a byte is fully shifted into the register, it is moved to the receive buffer where it can be read by the processor by reading SPI0DAT. When configured as a master, SPI0 can operate in one of three different modes: multi-master mode, 3-wire single-master mode, and 4-wire single-master mode. The default, multi-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In this mode, NSS is an input to the device, and is used to disable the master SPI0 when another master is accessing the bus. When NSS is pulled low in this mode, MSTEN (SPI0CN.6) and SPIEN (SPI0CN.0) are set to 0 to disable the SPI master device, and a Mode Fault is generated (MODF, SPI0CN.5 = 1). Mode Fault will generate an interrupt if enabled. SPI0 must be manually re-enabled in software under these circumstances. In multi-master systems, devices will typically default to being slave devices while they are not acting as the system master device. In multi-master mode, slave devices can be addressed individually (if needed) using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 22.2 shows a connection diagram between two master devices in multiple-master mode. 3-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. In this mode, NSS is not used, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Any slave devices that must be addressed in this mode should be selected using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 22.3 shows a connection diagram between a master device in 3-wire master mode and a slave device. 4-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 1. In this mode, NSS is configured as an output pin, and can be used as a slave-select signal for a single SPI device. In this mode, the output value of NSS is controlled (in software) with the bit NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2). Additional slave devices can be addressed using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 22.4 shows a connection diagram for a master device in 4-wire master mode and two slave devices. Master Device 1 NSS GPIO MISO MISO MOSI MOSI SCK SCK GPIO NSS Master Device 2 Figure 22.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram Master Device MISO MISO MOSI MOSI SCK SCK Slave Device Figure 22.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode Connection Diagram Rev. 1.2 191 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 Master Device GPIO MISO MISO MOSI MOSI SCK SCK NSS NSS MISO MOSI Slave Device Slave Device SCK NSS Figure 22.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram 22.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation When SPI0 is enabled and not configured as a master, it will operate as a SPI slave. As a slave, bytes are shifted in through the MOSI pin and out through the MISO pin by a master device controlling the SCK signal. A bit counter in the SPI0 logic counts SCK edges. When 8 bits have been shifted through the shift register, the SPIF flag is set to logic 1, and the byte is copied into the receive buffer. Data is read from the receive buffer by reading SPI0DAT. A slave device cannot initiate transfers. Data to be transferred to the master device is pre-loaded into the shift register by writing to SPI0DAT. Writes to SPI0DAT are doublebuffered, and are placed in the transmit buffer first. If the shift register is empty, the contents of the transmit buffer will immediately be transferred into the shift register. When the shift register already contains data, the SPI will load the shift register with the transmit buffer’s contents after the last SCK edge of the next (or current) SPI transfer. When configured as a slave, SPI0 can be configured for 4-wire or 3-wire operation. The default, 4-wire slave mode, is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In 4-wire mode, the NSS signal is routed to a port pin and configured as a digital input. SPI0 is enabled when NSS is logic 0, and disabled when NSS is logic 1. The bit counter is reset on a falling edge of NSS. Note that the NSS signal must be driven low at least 2 system clocks before the first active edge of SCK for each byte transfer. Figure 22.4 shows a connection diagram between two slave devices in 4-wire slave mode and a master device. 3-wire slave mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. NSS is not used in this mode, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Since there is no way of uniquely addressing the device in 3-wire slave mode, SPI0 must be the only slave device present on the bus. It is important to note that in 3-wire slave mode there is no external means of resetting the bit counter that determines when a full byte has been received. The bit counter can only be reset by disabling and reenabling SPI0 with the SPIEN bit. Figure 22.3 shows a connection diagram between a slave device in 3wire slave mode and a master device. 22.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources When SPI0 interrupts are enabled, the following four flags will generate an interrupt when they are set to logic 1: All of the following bits must be cleared by software. 192 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 The SPI Interrupt Flag, SPIF (SPI0CN.7) is set to logic 1 at the end of each byte transfer. This flag can occur in all SPI0 modes. The Write Collision Flag, WCOL (SPI0CN.6) is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI0DAT is attempted when the transmit buffer has not been emptied to the SPI shift register. When this occurs, the write to SPI0DAT will be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written.This flag can occur in all SPI0 modes. The Mode Fault Flag MODF (SPI0CN.5) is set to logic 1 when SPI0 is configured as a master, and for multi-master mode and the NSS pin is pulled low. When a Mode Fault occurs, the MSTEN and SPIEN bits in SPI0CN are set to logic 0 to disable SPI0 and allow another master device to access the bus. The Receive Overrun Flag RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4) is set to logic 1 when configured as a slave, and a transfer is completed and the receive buffer still holds an unread byte from a previous transfer. The new byte is not transferred to the receive buffer, allowing the previously received data byte to be read. The data byte which caused the overrun is lost. 22.5. Serial Clock Phase and Polarity Four combinations of serial clock phase and polarity can be selected using the clock control bits in the SPI0 Configuration Register (SPI0CFG). The CKPHA bit (SPI0CFG.5) selects one of two clock phases (edge used to latch the data). The CKPOL bit (SPI0CFG.4) selects between an active-high or active-low clock. Both master and slave devices must be configured to use the same clock phase and polarity. SPI0 should be disabled (by clearing the SPIEN bit, SPI0CN.0) when changing the clock phase or polarity. The clock and data line relationships for master mode are shown in Figure 22.5. For slave mode, the clock and data relationships are shown in Figure 22.6 and Figure 22.7. Note that CKPHA should be set to 0 on both the master and slave SPI when communicating between two Silicon Labs C8051 devices. The SPI0 Clock Rate Register (SPI0CKR) as shown in SFR Definition 22.3 controls the master mode serial clock frequency. This register is ignored when operating in slave mode. When the SPI is configured as a master, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) is one-half the system clock frequency or 12.5 MHz, whichever is slower. When the SPI is configured as a slave, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) for full-duplex operation is 1/10 the system clock frequency, provided that the master issues SCK, NSS (in 4wire slave mode), and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s system clock. If the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data asynchronously, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) must be less than 1/10 the system clock frequency. In the special case where the master only wants to transmit data to the slave and does not need to receive data from the slave (i.e. half-duplex operation), the SPI slave can receive data at a maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) of 1/4 the system clock frequency. This is provided that the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s system clock. Rev. 1.2 193 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0) SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1) MISO/MOSI MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 NSS (Must Remain High in Multi-Master Mode) Figure 22.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0) MOSI MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 MISO MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 NSS (4-Wire Mode) Figure 22.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0) 194 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1) MOSI MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 MISO MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit 0 NSS (4-Wire Mode) Figure 22.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1) 22.6. SPI Special Function Registers SPI0 is accessed and controlled through four special function registers in the system controller: SPI0CN Control Register, SPI0DAT Data Register, SPI0CFG Configuration Register, and SPI0CKR Clock Rate Register. The four special function registers related to the operation of the SPI0 Bus are described in the following figures. Rev. 1.2 195 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 22.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name SPIBSY MSTEN CKPHA CKPOL SLVSEL NSSIN SRMT RXBMT Type R R/W R/W R/W R R R R Reset 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 SFR Address = 0xA1 Bit Name 7 SPIBSY Function SPI Busy. This bit is set to logic 1 when a SPI transfer is in progress (master or slave mode). 6 MSTEN Master Mode Enable. 0: Disable master mode. Operate in slave mode. 1: Enable master mode. Operate as a master. 5 CKPHA SPI0 Clock Phase. 0: Data centered on first edge of SCK period. * 1: Data centered on second edge of SCK period.* 4 CKPOL SPI0 Clock Polarity. 0: SCK line low in idle state. 1: SCK line high in idle state. 3 SLVSEL Slave Selected Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 whenever the NSS pin is low indicating SPI0 is the selected slave. It is cleared to logic 0 when NSS is high (slave not selected). This bit does not indicate the instantaneous value at the NSS pin, but rather a de-glitched version of the pin input. 2 NSSIN NSS Instantaneous Pin Input. This bit mimics the instantaneous value that is present on the NSS port pin at the time that the register is read. This input is not de-glitched. 1 SRMT Shift Register Empty (valid in slave mode only). This bit will be set to logic 1 when all data has been transferred in/out of the shift register, and there is no new information available to read from the transmit buffer or write to the receive buffer. It returns to logic 0 when a data byte is transferred to the shift register from the transmit buffer or by a transition on SCK. SRMT = 1 when in Master Mode. 0 RXBMT Receive Buffer Empty (valid in slave mode only). This bit will be set to logic 1 when the receive buffer has been read and contains no new information. If there is new information available in the receive buffer that has not been read, this bit will return to logic 0. RXBMT = 1 when in Master Mode. Note: In slave mode, data on MOSI is sampled in the center of each data bit. In master mode, data on MISO is sampled one SYSCLK before the end of each data bit, to provide maximum settling time for the slave device. See Table 22.1 for timing parameters. 196 Rev. 1.2 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 22.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control Bit 7 6 5 4 Name SPIF WCOL MODF RXOVRN Type R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xF8; Bit-Addressable Bit Name 7 SPIF 3 2 1 0 NSSMD[1:0] TXBMT SPIEN R/W R R/W 1 0 0 1 Function SPI0 Interrupt Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware at the end of a data transfer. If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by software. 6 WCOL Write Collision Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI0DAT is attempted when TXBMT is 0. When this occurs, the write to SPI0DAT will be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written. If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by software. 5 MODF Mode Fault Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a master mode collision is detected (NSS is low, MSTEN = 1, and NSSMD[1:0] = 01). If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by software. 4 RXOVRN Receive Overrun Flag (valid in slave mode only). This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when the receive buffer still holds unread data from a previous transfer and the last bit of the current transfer is shifted into the SPI0 shift register. If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by software. 3:2 NSSMD[1:0] Slave Select Mode. Selects between the following NSS operation modes: (See Section 22.2 and Section 22.3). 00: 3-Wire Slave or 3-Wire Master Mode. NSS signal is not routed to a port pin. 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode (Default). NSS is an input to the device. 1x: 4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS signal is mapped as an output from the device and will assume the value of NSSMD0. 1 TXBMT Transmit Buffer Empty. This bit will be set to logic 0 when new data has been written to the transmit buffer. When data in the transmit buffer is transferred to the SPI shift register, this bit will be set to logic 1, indicating that it is safe to write a new byte to the transmit buffer. 0 SPIEN SPI0 Enable. 0: SPI disabled. 1: SPI enabled. Rev. 1.2 197 C8051T622/3 and C8051T326/7 SFR Definition 22.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate Bit 7 6 5 4 Name SCR[7:0] Type R/W Reset 0 0 0 0 SFR Address = 0xA2 Bit Name 7:0 SCR[7:0] 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Function SPI0 Clock Rate. These bits determine the frequency of the SCK output when the SPI0 module is configured for master mode operation. The SCK clock frequency is a divided version of the system clock, and is given in the following equation, where SYSCLK is the system clock frequency and SPI0CKR is the 8-bit value held in the SPI0CKR register. SYSCLK f SCK = ----------------------------------------------------------2 »  SPI0CKR[7:0] + 1 for 0