VL6522

VL6522 VGA resolution USB2.0 web camera sensor Preliminary Data Features ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Description The VL6522 is a VGA imager on chip (IOC), fabricated in a high performance 0.18 µm CMOS imaging process. The device produces a YUV 4:2:2 digital video data stream at up to 60(a) frames per second, and supports a microphone input. Video and audio data is output via a USB2.0 high speed (480 Mbps) interface and allows simple interfacing to a host PC using generic audio and video class drivers under the appropriate operating system (Windows XP). Audio/video class compliance and vendor command sets allow development of other O/S drivers with relative ease. Figure 1. Audio pre-amplifier + ADC audio data 640 x 480 (VGA) USB2.0 Web camera RGB Bayer color filter array 3.6 µm pixel size Integrated 10-bit video ADC and processing 16-bit audio pre-amplifier, Σ - Δ ADC and processing USB2.0 high speed interface for data transfer and control I2C master capability USB audio class type 1 compliance USB video YUV2 compliance On-chip 3.3 V and 1.8 V regulators Requires single 5 V supply Minimum required PCB support components Video format: 640 x 480 YUV2 up to 30 fps Single 12 MHz input clock Integrated image processing functions: – Automatic exposure – Automatic white balance – Dark level compensation – Lens shading correction – Image sub-sampling – Flicker cancellation – Sharpening – Gamma correction – RGB to YUV 422 Audio processing: – Audio class compliance PCM16 – Preamplifier + ADC + processing – Audio rates of 8 kHz to 48 kHz, 16 bits – Audio dynamic range from mic. input to USB data output > 60 dB Functional block diagram VGA pixel array + ADC readout pixel video data Power management OSC, PLL USB2 interface Digital processing ■ a. 60 fps max at QVGA resolution, 30 fps max at VGA resolution July 2007 Rev 2 1/35 www.st.com 35 This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice. Contents VL6522 Contents 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Power consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 User customizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Video data standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Audio data standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 3 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Pinout and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1 3.2 Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4 Detailed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1 Image data pipeline (IDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.7 4.1.8 4.1.9 4.1.10 4.1.11 4.1.12 4.1.13 4.1.14 4.1.15 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Dark level compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Flicker cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lens shading correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Channel offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Channel gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Defect correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Interpolation (demosaic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Color matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Sharpening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Gamma correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 RGB to YUV 422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Automatic frame rate control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Fade to black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2/35 VL6522 Contents 4.2 4.3 Audio data pipeline (ADP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.2.1 Audio overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ICB system control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.3.1 4.3.2 System control overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 I2C mastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5 Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.1 5.2 Register interpreter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Hardware control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 SETUP register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 MAN_SPEC_AV register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 MAN_SPEC_AUDIO register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 MAN_SPEC_I2C_MASTER register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.3 Firmware control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.8 ID codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Misc controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Exposure controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Fade to black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Frame dimension parameter host inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 White balance controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Automatic frame rate control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Video control processing unit descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 DC electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 AC electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 USB2.0 interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 External crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 RESETN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 I2C Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 7 User precaution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3/35 Contents VL6522 8 9 10 11 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4/35 VL6522 Overview 1 1.1 Overview Architecture The design includes an image control bus (ICB) mastering unit in the form of a microcontroller used for top-level autonomous management of power, SFPs, USB standard, audio and video class command handling and translation to IDP video and audio processing modules. The microcontroller is also used to run auto exposure and white balance functions. There are two data pipelines: the audio data pipe (ADP) and the image data pipe (IDP). 1.2 Technical specifications Table 1. Technical specifications Parameter Image size Pixel size Array size Exposure control Frame rate Clock frequency Output format Output data rate Audio analogue gain Audio signal/noise ratio Supply voltage (V) Supply current (mA typ.) VGA 30 fps + audio Total current consumption from single 5 V supply(1) Operating temperature Package type 1. Typical value VGA @ 30 fps + audio Values 640 x 480 (VGA) 3.6 µm x 3.6 µm 2.32 mm x 1.74 mm auto auto or adjustable up to 60 fps 12 MHz USB2.0 (YUV2) 480 MHz (USB2) 24 dB 59 dB 5 14.7 74.8 mA -30o C to 70o C LGA36 3.3 16.3 1.8 45.1 1.3 Power consumption From a power consumption perspective the principal modes are: 1. 2. Active - high speed streaming of audio and video, or video only, or audio only. Suspend - standby mode, with lowest current consumption in conformance with the USB2.0 standard. 5/35 Overview VL6522 1.4 1.4.1 Interface USB The details of the USB interface are summarized in Table 2. Table 2. Details of USB interface Description Standard to which device will comply USB endpoints Control (default, audio, video) Control USB spec. rev2.0 HS Interrupt (snapshot button, video class interrupt) Isochronous (video class data) Isochronous (audio class data) Comments Function Scope Video Audio USB video class rev1.0 USB audio class rev2.0 1.4.2 User customizing Four special function port pins can allow PID/VID selections, support EEPROM (I2C mastering) and customization for driving LED(s) and sensing switch or button states. VID/PIDs can be programmed into EEPROM. 1.4.3 Video data standard The video processing pipeline delivers fully reconstructed VGA (640 x480) color data conforming to YUV 4:2:2 at up to 30 fps in accordance with video class specification (Packed YUV Format - YUV2, GUID 32595559-0000-0010-8000-00AA00389B71). 1.4.4 Audio data standard The audio processing pipeline delivers audio data (to 48 kHz, 16 bits) in accordance with the audio class specification Type 1 (PCM, Pulse Coded Modulation, uncompressed). 16-bit signed two’s-complement fixed point format (left-justified meaning the sign bit is the MSB). The binary point is located to the right of the sign bit so that all values lie within the range [-1 to +1]. 1.4.5 Software As the VL6522 is video/audio class, no software drivers are necessary to operate with Windows operating systems from XP SP2 onwards. A unified windows driver is available to allow operation under Windows 2000. This driver is also compatible with Windows XP, XP64, Vista 32 and Vista 64. Although the driver is not necessary for use with these operating systems, it does offer additional benefits to the user, such as the face finding and tracking function, to keep the user's face in frame when videoconferencing for example. A linux driver is available to allow the VL6522 to be used with a linux based system. 6/35 VL6522 Block diagram 2 Figure 2. Block diagram Block diagram of typical USB Web camera using VL6522 USB2.0 Web camera LGA36 AUD3V3 VID3V3 5V BG DReg1 5v to 3v VDD5 BG5V VBASE3V3 V5V AudReg VidReg VDD1 SUPPLY3V6 VIDVSS Video Pwr Mngt VGA array + ADC 3V vbg BG Dreg2 3v to 1v8 VDD3IO VBASE1V8 VSSIO VDD3 core logic VDD1V8 VSS SFP3 SFP2 E2PROM IC, LED Pwr Mngt ewarp IDP USB_VDD3 USB - connector Gnd USB_VDDB SFP1 SFP0 RESETN TEST test mode YUV 422 USB2 PHY USB_DN USB_DP USB_RREF 480MHz Digital Core Digital usb top 60 USB_VSSB USB_VDDC XTAL_OUT XTAL 12MHz XTAL_IN OSC 12 clkgen 1080 PLL USB_VSSC VDDPLL VSSPLL VDDAUD3V3 MICBIAS MICIN electret mic. Audio PAmp Audio Ref Audio SD ADC Audio 12M AUDP digital LL VDD1V8 AUDPLLFLT VSS AUDVSS 7/35 Pinout and pin description VL6522 3 3.1 Pinout and pin description Pinout The device is available in LGA36 package. The first pixel (1,1) will appear as illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3. Device pinout SUPPLY3V6 VBASE1V8 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 AUDVSS AUD3V3 USB_VDD3 USB_VSSC USB_VSSB USB_DN USB_DP USB_VDDB USB_RREF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (1,1) First pixel readout 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 VBASE3V3 MICBIAS VIDVSS VID3V3 MICIN VDD5 SFP3 BG5V VSS VDD1V8 SFP2 VSSIO VDD3IO SFP1 SFP0 RESETN USB_VDDC XTAL_IN AUDPLLFLT XTAL_OUT VSSPLL VDDPLL 8/35 vDD1v8 VSS_1 TEST VL6522 Pinout and pin description 3.2 Table 3. Pin number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pin description Pin description Pin name AUDVSS AUD3V3 USB_VDD3 USB_VSSC USB_VSSB USB_DN USB_DP USB_VDDB USB_RREF USB_VDDC VDDPLL XTAL_IN XTAL_OUT VSSPLL VDD1V8 VSS AUDPLLFLT TEST RESETN SFP0 SFP1 VDD3IO VSSIO SFP2 VDD1V8 VSS BG5V VBASE3V3 VDD5 VBASE1V8 Pin type POWER POWER POWER POWER POWER I/O/Z I/O/Z POWER I POWER POWER I O POWER POWER POWER I I I I/O/Z I/O/Z POWER POWER I/O/Z POWER POWER O PWR POWER PWR Description Ground for audio analog 3.3 V supply for audio analog 3.3 V supply for USB2.0 core Ground for USB2.0 core Ground for USB2.0 output USB D- signal USB D+ signal 1.8 V supply for USB2.0 output USB2.0 compensation block reference resistor 1.8 V supply for USB2.0 core 1.8 V supply for master PLL External crystal input Connect to 12 MHz crystal External crystal output Ground for master PLL 1.8 V supply for core digital and audio PLL Ground for core digital and audio PLL Audio PLL filter network Test mode select VL6522 reset signal from POR I2C SCL (EEPROM) or GPIO port I2C SDA (EEPROM) or GPIO port 3.3 V supply for IO Ground for IO GPIO port 1.8 V supply for digital core Ground for digital core Bandgap output 3.3 V digital regulator control output 5.0 V Supply 1.8 V digital regulator control output Connect to ext. PNP base External capacitor required Connect to ext. PNP base 3v3 External components required if audio used, leave open if no audio Required external pull down Active low 3v3 3v3 Comments 9/35 Pinout and pin description Table 3. Pin number 31 32 33 34 35 36 VL6522 Pin description (continued) Pin name SUPPLY3V6 VID3V3 VIDVSS SFP3 MICBIAS MICIN Pin type POWER POWER POWER I O I Description External reservoir cap. 3.3 V supply for video analog Ground for video analog GPI (input only) Microphone bias voltage Microphone input signal 3v3 Comments 10/35 VL6522 Detailed description 4 4.1 4.1.1 Detailed description Image data pipeline (IDP) Overview The video processing blocks included in the VL6522 IDP are listed below: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Dark level compensation Flicker cancellation Statistics Lens shading correction Channel offset Channel gain Defect correction Interpolation Color matrix Sharpening Gamma correction RGB to YUV 422 Automatic frame rate control Fade to black 4.1.2 Dark level compensation A dedicated DSP uses information from special dark lines within the pixel array to apply an offset to the video data and ensure a consistent ‘black’ level. 4.1.3 Flicker cancellation The 50/60 Hz flicker frequency present in the lighting (due to fluorescent lighting) can be cancelled by the system. 4.1.4 Statistics The function of the statistics processor is to gather statistics on Bayer IDP data. The statistics are made available to the Imaging Control Bus Host for tasks such as automatic exposure control and white balance. 4.1.5 Lens shading correction The lens shading correction module is used to reduce the visible effect of vignetting where inherent problems in lens design can cause non-uniformities in levels of light transmission across the image plane. The extent of transmission loss is primarily a function of lens quality and fabrication tolerances, but generally increases radially from the lens’ optical centre towards the edges of the scene. 11/35 Detailed description VL6522 Typically, the visual effect is at its worst where the distance from the optical centre to the edge of the image is at its maximum and manifests itself as the familiar ‘darkening of the image corners’. 4.1.6 Channel offset The channel offset module is used to add or subtract a programmable offset from each of the four Bayer color channels of the incoming IDP. These offsets are typically used to remove a data pedestal or cancel a dark offset introduced at an earlier stage in the pipe. 4.1.7 Channel gain The channel gain module is used to apply a programmable gain to each of the four Bayer color channels of input data. These gains are used as controls of Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) and Automatic White Balance (AWB). 4.1.8 Defect correction This function runs a defect correction filter over the data in order to remove defects from the final output. This function has been optimized to attain the minimum level of defects from the system. 4.1.9 Interpolation (demosaic) The interpolation module converts Bayer pixel data to RGB and applies an anti-alias filter to the data. 4.1.10 Color matrix The color matrix correction transformation is performed on the outputs of the interpolation module. 4.1.11 Sharpening The sharpening module’s function is to add a certain amount of peaking components to the original interpolated RGB. Indeed, the interpolation process involves a certain degree of low-pass filtering that blurs the original sharpness of the image. In order to realize 2-dimensional sharpness easily, the sharpening filter is only applied on the green components (green carries the highest luma component). The output of the filter is re-injected into the R, G, and B components from the matrix, via a process called coring. 4.1.12 Gamma correction The gamma correction module applies a non-linear compensation to the IDP RGB data stream in order to achieve correct reproduction of intensity on the host display. 4.1.13 RGB to YUV 422 Conversion of RGB to YUV 4:2:2. The YUV comprises luminance (Y) and chrominance (U and V) components. 12/35 VL6522 Detailed description 4.1.14 Automatic frame rate control When enabled, the automatic frame rate control will reduce the frame rate in low light levels to improve image quality. By default the minimum frame rate that the device will use is 5 fps. 4.1.15 Fade to black Using programmable levels the microprocessor will fade the output signal to black. This ensures that under the darkest conditions, when the image is not of sufficient quality, the device will output black. This operation is achieved by scaling the RGB to the YCbCr matrix. 4.2 Audio data pipeline (ADP) The audio block contains functions allowing the capture and processing of audio data from an external microphone. The processed data is then written into an external FIFO which is in turn read by the USB control. 4.2.1 Audio overview The audio processing blocks used in the VL6522 ADP are listed below: ● ● ● ● ● ● Microphone amplifier with programmable gain 16-bit sigma delta ADC Digital AGC(b), volume and noise gate Variable sample rate at both 8 and 16 bits Interface to external async audio FIFO ICB register bank to provide control and status 4.3 4.3.1 ICB system control System control overview In the VL6522, the embedded microcontroller has five main functions: ● ● ● ● USB management Power management SFP management Auto exposure control (AEC) The task of the exposure control is to ensure that all scenes are correctly exposed to provide a good level of contrast. In normal operation the VL6522 will use hardware-generated statistics to determine appropriate exposure settings for a particular scene and adjust the system accordingly to give a correctly exposed image. ● Auto white balance (AWB) Using hardware-generated statistics the microcontroller adjusts the gains applied to the individual color channels in order to achieve a correctly color balanced image. b. The Automatic Gain Control is disabled by default 13/35 Detailed description VL6522 4.3.2 I2C mastering This allows the control of the slave I2C lines, which can be useful for reading from and writing to an EEPROM, or for control of any other I2C device. If 'manual_mode' is set, then the SCL/SDA lines can be bit bashed by writing direct to 'sda' and 'scl'. Otherwise these are controlled automatically. The 'clk_div' reg is used to slow down the clock if necessary (default is zero which should result in approx 400 kHz SCL). The 'start' bit will generate an I2C start bus condition when set high. The 'cmd_processed' bit will initially be set low and then go high when the command is complete. The 'stop' bit will generate an I2C stop bus condition when set high.The 'cmd_processed' bit will initially be set low and then go high when the command is complete. The 'read' bit will kick off a read from the current address. The 'cmd_processed' bit will be set low and then go high when the command is complete. At this point the READ_BYTE register will contain the data. If the 'multiple_read' bit is set, then the address will be auto-incremented after each 'read'. That is, you can kick off another read without first having to set the address. To write a byte, write the data value into the WRITE_BYTE register, then wait for the 'cmd_processed' bit to go high. Finally check that the 'ack_rx' (acknowledge recieved) bit is high. The 'eeprom_present' bit is set by the firmware when it first attempts to address the eeprom. If it gets an acknowledge then this bit is set high, otherwise it is set low. Note: See Table 10 on page 17 for locations of and information on relevant registers. 14/35 VL6522 Register description 5 5.1 Register description Register interpreter Register contents represent different data types as described in Table 4. Table 4. Register naming prefix Description One byte unsigned data Twobyte data Two byte unsigned data One byte data. Only two possible values Two byte data. Expect value in Floating Point 16 notation One byte signed data Prefix UIA_BYTE = b UIA_UINT16 = w UIA_UINT16 = uw Flag_e(F) = f UIA_FLOAT = fp UIA_INT8 = sb Registers not listed in this datasheet should be considered as reserved or read-only and should not be written to, as this may cause unpredictable results. The VL6522 registers can be written to using the extension units within the Windows video class. All register locations contain an 8-bit byte. However, certain parameters require 16 bits to represent them and are therefore stored in more than 1 location. Note: For all 16 bit parameters, the MSB register must be written before the LSB register. The data stored in each location can be interpreted in different ways as shown below. Register contents represent different data types as described in Table 5. Table 5. Data type Description Single field register 8 bit parameter Multiple field registers - 16 bit parameter Bit 0 of register must be set/cleared Coded register - function depends on value written Float Value Data type BYTE UINT_16 FLAG_e CODED FLOAT Float number format Float 900 is used in ST co-processors to represent floating point numbers in 2 bytes of data. It conforms to the following structure: Bit[15] = Sign bit (1 represents negative) Bit[14:9] = 6 bits of exponent, biased at decimal 31 Bit[8:0] = 9 bits of mantissa 15/35 Register description VL6522 5.2 5.2.1 Table 6. Index Hardware control registers Status Status Status register [read only] REVISION_NUMBER Default value Purpose 0x04 Identifies the cut of silicon(1) BYTE Cut 1.0 Cut 1.1 Cut 1.2 Cut 1.3 Cut 1.4 0x0002 Type Possible values 1. This document refers to cut 1.4 of silicon. 5.2.2 Table 7. Index SETUP register SETUP register SETUP register IMAGE_ORIENTATION Default value Purpose 0x00 Selects the orientation of the image BYTE Normal Horizontal flip (mirrored) Vertical flip Horizontal & vertical flip 0x0002 Type Possible values 5.2.3 Table 8. Index MAN_SPEC_AV register MAN_SPEC_AV register MAN_SPEC_AV register R2_COEFF Default value 0x04 Radial R2 anti-vignetting (lens shading) coefficient, to allow lightening and darkening of image corners (for special effects, as well as standard av compensation). BYTE -127 to 127 0x322a Purpose Type Possible values 16/35 VL6522 Register description 5.2.4 Table 9. Index MAN_SPEC_AUDIO register MAN_SPEC_AUDIO register MAN_SPEC_AUDIO register ALC Default value 0x00 Automatic gain control enable BYTE Automatic gain control off Automatic gain control on 0x3340 Purpose Type Possible values VOLUME Default value 0x3f Audio volume BYTE 0 to 63 0x3346 Purpose Type Possible values MIC_GAIN Default value 0x06 Microphone input stage gain BYTE 0 to 7 0x3348 Purpose Type Possible values 5.2.5 Table 10. Index MAN_SPEC_I2C_MASTER register MAN_SPEC_I2C_MASTER register MAN_SPEC_I2C_MASTER register(1) CTRL Default value Purpose 0x07 Control for the I2C CODED SCL SDA Manual mode Clock divider 0x3350 Type Possible values 17/35 Register description Table 10. Index CMD Default value Purpose 0x3351 Type 0x00 I2C command CODED Start Stop Read Multiple read VL6522 MAN_SPEC_I2C_MASTER register (continued) MAN_SPEC_I2C_MASTER register(1) Possible values WRITE_BYTE Default value 0x3352 Purpose Type Possible values BYTE 0 to 255 0x00 READ_BYTE [read only] Default value 0x3353 Purpose Type Possible values BYTE 0 to 255 0x00 STATUS [read only] Default value Purpose 0x3354 Type 0x01 I2C Status CODED Command processed Acknowledge received EEPROM present EEPROM error Possible values 1. More detail on how to use the I2C master can be found in the I2C mastering section 4.3.2 18/35 VL6522 Register description 5.3 5.3.1 Table 11. Index Firmware control registers ID codes ID codes IDCodes(1) register idVendor Default value 0x0553 Vendor identification UINT_16 0x0000 to 0xffff (1) 0x8008 Purpose Type Possible values idProduct Default value 0x0522 Product identification UINT_16 0x0000 to 0xffff (1) 0x800a Purpose Type Possible values 1. This data is stored in little endian format: the LSB is located at the lower index. 5.3.2 Table 12. Index Misc controls Misc controls MiscControls register fDisableVideoClassGUI Default value 0x00 Disables the GUI FLAG_e GUI enabled GUI disabled 0x84dc Purpose Type Possible values 5.3.3 Table 13. Index Exposure controls Exposure controls ExposureControls register bAntiFlickerMode Default value Purpose AntiFlickerMode_Inhibit Anti flicker mode CODED AntiFlickerMode_Inhibit AntiFlickerMode_ManualEnable AntiFlickerMode_AutomaticEnable 0x8510 Type Possible values 19/35 Register description VL6522 5.3.4 Table 14. Index Fade to black Fade to black FadeToBlack register fDisable Default value 0x00 Disables the Fade to Black FLAG_e Fade to Black enabled Fade to Black disabled 0x85cb Purpose Type Possible values fpBlackValue Default value 0x0000 (0.0000) Black Value FLOAT -8581545984 to 8581545984 (0xffff to 0x7fff) 0x85cc Purpose Type Possible values fpDamperLowThreshold Default value 0x85ce Purpose Type Possible values 0x6a25 (4497408) Low Threshold for exposure for calculating the damper slope FLOAT -8581545984 to 8581545984 (0xffff to 0x7fff) fpDamperHighThreshold Default value 0x85d0 Purpose Type Possible values 0x6c9f (10993664) High Threshold for exposure for calculating the damper slope FLOAT -8581545984 to 8581545984 (0xffff to 0x7fff) fpDamperOutput [read only] Default value 0x85d2 Purpose Type Possible values 0x00 (0.0000) Minimum possible damper output. FLOAT 0 to 1 (0x0000 to 0x3e00) 20/35 VL6522 Register description 5.3.5 Table 15. Index Frame dimension parameter host inputs Frame dimension parameter host inputs FrameDimensionParameterHostInputs register bLightingFrequency_Hz Default value Purpose 0x64 AC Frequency - used for flicker free time period calculations this mains frequency determines the flicker free time period. BYTE 0 to 255 Note: The value is double the desire frequency in Hz. i.e. 0x64 = 100 which equates to 50 Hz. 0x85fa Type Possible values 5.3.6 Table 16. Index White balance controls White balance controls WhiteBalanceControls register bMode Default value Purpose Type 0x00 Disables the GUI CODED OFF - No White balance, all gains will be unity in this mode AUTOMATIC - Automatic mode, relative step is computed here MANUAL_RGB - User manual mode, gains are applied manually DAYLIGHT_PRESET - DAYLIGHT and all the modes below, fixed value of gains are applied here. TUNGSTEN_PRESET FLUORESCENT_PRESET HORIZON_PRESET MANUAL_COLOUR_TEMP FLASHGUN_PRESET 0x8652 Possible values bManualRedGain Default value Purpose 0x8653 Type 0x00 User setting for Red Channel gain. BYTE 0 to 255 Applied_Red_Gain = (1 + bManualRedGain / 128) / MinGain Where MinGain = the smallest value from either Applied_Red_Gain, Applied_Green_Gain or Applied_Blue_Gain Possible values 21/35 Register description Table 16. Index bManualGreenGain Default value Purpose 0x8654 Type 0x00 User setting for Green Channel gain. BYTE VL6522 White balance controls (continued) WhiteBalanceControls register Possible values 0 to 255 Applied_Green_Gain = (1 + bManualGreenGain / 128) / MinGain Where MinGain = the smallest value from either Applied_Red_Gain, Applied_Green_Gain or Applied_Blue_Gain fManualBlueGain Default value Purpose 0x8655 Type 0x00 User setting for Blue Channel gain. BYTE 0 to 255 Applied_Blue_Gain = (1 + bManualBlueGain / 128) / MinGain Where MinGain = the smallest value from either Applied_Red_Gain, Applied_Green_Gain or Applied_Blue_Gain Possible values 5.3.7 Table 17. Index Automatic frame rate control Automatic frame rate control AutomaticFrameRateControl register bMode Default value 0x00 Sets manual or auto frame rate FLAG_e Manual frame rate. Automatic frame rate. 0x8680 Purpose Type Possible values bImpliedGainThresholdLow_num Default value 0x8681 Purpose Type Possible values 0x05 Numerator for calculation of low threshold of automatic framerate control BYTE 0 to 255 22/35 VL6522 Table 17. Index Register description Automatic frame rate control (continued) AutomaticFrameRateControl register bImpliedGainThresholdLow_den Default value 0x01 Denominator for calculation of low threshold of automatic framerate control. BYTE 0 to 255 0x8682 Purpose Type Possible values bImpliedGainThresholdHigh_num Default value 0x8683 Purpose Type Possible values 0x08 Numerator for calculation of high threshold of automatic framerate control BYTE 0 to 255 bImpliedGainThresholdHigh_den Default value 0x8684 Purpose Type Possible values 0x01 Denominator for calculation of high threshold of automatic framerate control BYTE 0 to 255 bUserMinimumFrameRate_Hz Default value 0x8685 Purpose Type Possible values 0x05 Sets the minimum framerate employed when in automatic framerate mode. BYTE 0 to 255 bUserMaximumFrameRate_Hz Default value 0x8686 Purpose Type Possible values 0x3c Sets the maximum framerate employed when in automatic framerate mode. BYTE 0 to 255 bRelativeChange_num Default value 0x8687 Purpose Type Possible values 0x02 Numerator for calculation of relative change in framerate. BYTE 0 to 255 23/35 Register description Table 17. Index bRelativeChange_den Default value 0x8688 Purpose Type Possible values 0x02 Denominator for calculation of relative change in framerate BYTE 0 to 255 VL6522 Automatic frame rate control (continued) AutomaticFrameRateControl register 5.3.8 Table 18. Index Video control processing unit descriptors Video control processing unit descriptors VideoControlProcessingUnitDescriptors register(1) Brightness Default value 0x0018 Video class brightness control UINT_16 0x0000 to 0x0025(1) 0x8709 Purpose Type Possible values Contrast Default value 0x007c Video class contrast control UINT_16 0x0000 to 0x00c8 (1) 0x870b Purpose Type Possible values Saturation Default value 0x0079 Video class saturation control UINT_16 0x0000 to 0x00c8(1) 0x870d Purpose Type Possible values Sharpness Default value 0x000f Video class sharpness control UINT_16 0x0000 to 0x003f (1) 0x870f Purpose Type Possible values 24/35 VL6522 Table 18. Index Gamma Default value 0x8711 Purpose Type Possible values 0x0012 Video class gamma control UINT_16 0x0001 to 0x001f (1) Register description Video control processing unit descriptors (continued) VideoControlProcessingUnitDescriptors register(1) 1. This data is stored in little endian format: the LSB is located at the lower index. 25/35 Electrical characteristics VL6522 6 6.1 Electrical characteristics Absolute maximum ratings Table 19. Symbol TSTO V5V Storage temperature 5 V supply Absolute maximum ratings Parameter Min. -40 4.1 Max. 85 5.6 Unit °C V Caution: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” can cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 6.2 Operating conditions Table 20. Symbol TAF TAN TAO V5V Supply specifications Parameter Operating temperature, functional (Camera is electrically functional) Operating temperature, nominal (Camera produces acceptable images) Operating temperature, optimal (Camera produces optimal optical performance) 5 V supply Min. -30 -25 5 4.1 Max. 70 55 30 5.6 Unit °C °C °C V 26/35 VL6522 Electrical characteristics 6.3 Note: Table 21. Symbol VIL VIH VOL VOH IIL CIN COUT CI/O DC electrical characteristics Over operating conditions unless otherwise specified. DC electrical characteristics (non-characterized data, guide values only) Description Input low voltage Input high voltage Output low voltage Output high voltage Input leakage current Input pins I/O pins Input capacitance, SCL Output capacitance I/O capacitance, SDA IOL < 2.29 mA IOH < 1.48 mA 0 < VIN < VDD TA = 25° C, freq = 1 MHz TA = 25 °C, freq = 1 MHz TA = 25 °C, freq = 1 MHz Test conditions Min. -0.3 0.7 VDD3IO TBD 2.6 TBD TBD TBD TBD Typ. TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Max. 0.3 VDD3IO VDD3IO + 0.3 0.4 VDD TBD +/- 10 +/- 1 TBD TBD TBD Unit V V V V µA µA pF pF pF Table 22. Symbol IVDD5 I3V3total I1V8total Typical current consumption (non-characterised data, guide values only) Description Total 5 V supply to device Total 3.3 V supply to device Total 1.8 V supply to device Suspend 0.1 0.3 0.0 Active(1) 0.1 7.2 28.6 Video(2) 9.5 14.5 44.1 Video + Audio(3) 14.7 16.3 45.1 Units mA mA mA 1. VL6522, enumerated but not streaming 2. VL6522, streaming 30 fps VGA 3. VL6522, streaming 30 fps VGA and streaming audio Note: Note: Total current drawn on single 5 V input is 0.38 mA in suspend mode. This assumes transistors are in place to provide the 3.3 V & 1.8 V from the single 5 V supply. 27/35 Electrical characteristics VL6522 6.4 6.4.1 AC electrical characteristics USB2.0 interface Conforms to the USB2.0 chapter 7.1. 6.4.2 External crystal The primary reason for choosing the crystal frequency and tolerance is because of the USB data rate. To comply with the USB2.0 specification, when in high speed mode (480 Mb/s), the bit accuracy has to be +/- 500 ppm. It is recommended to use a crystal with a frequency of 12 MHz and a frequency accuracy of +/- 100 ppm or better. 6.4.3 RESETN After RESETN is pulsed low (during power up for example), the device shall start up in it’s default condition. This will include reading the EEPROM, if fitted. During startup, the RESETN line should be held low for between 100 µs and 50 ms after the supplies are stable. On the reference design board, an RC circuit is used to delay the rise of RESETN using values of 470 kΩ and 100 nF. This gives a delay of approximately 20 ms between VDD3IO reaching 3 V and the device coming out of reset. 6.4.4 I2C Interface The VL6522 can be used as a I2C master. By writing to the video class extension units on the device over usb, the SDA & SCL pins can be controlled. This allows the slaving of such devices as servos, EEPROMs or any device with an I2C interface. More detail on this interface can be found in section 4.3.2. 28/35 VL6522 User precaution 7 User precaution As is common with many CMOS imagers the camera should not be pointed at bright static objects for long periods of time as permanent damage to the sensor may occur. 29/35 Package mechanical data VL6522 8 Package mechanical data In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an STMicroelectronics trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com. Caution: The LGA package is not hermetically sealed. To prevent contamination, handle the device carefully in a clean environment and avoid contact with any liquids. Table 23. POA for optical 36LGA 10X10X1.9 0.8 Data book (mm) Reference Typ. A A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 b D D1 D2 D4 e E E1 E2 E4 G G1 G2 G3 G4 H H1 H2 1.90 0.4 0.8 2.0 3.5 0.55 0.30 10.00 9.70 5 5.4 0.8 10.00 9.70 5 4.5 1.1 1 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.2 9.90 9.60 10.10 9.80 0.25 9.90 9.60 0.35 10.10 9.80 Min. 1.80 0.35 0.7 Max. 2.00 0.45 0.9 30/35 VL6522 Table 23. Package mechanical data POA for optical 36LGA 10X10X1.9 0.8 (continued) Data book (mm) Reference Typ. I J K PHI z L bbb ccc ddd eee nD nE n 4.05 4.1 0.3 5° 1.65 0.8 0.01 0.1 0.08 0.08 9 9 36 0.7 0.9 4° 6° Min. 3.95 Max. 4.15 Note: 1 2 Optical- LGA stands for Optical Land Grid Array. The optical centre of the imaging array is the same as the mechanical centre of the LGA package. This allows for easy alignment of the lens to the imaging array. 31/35 Package mechanical data Figure 4. Package drawing VL6522 32/35 VL6522 Glossary 9 Glossary Table 24. Glossary Description Analogue to Digital Converter Audio Data Pipeline Automatic Exposure Control Automatic Gain Control Automatic White Balance Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory First In First Out Image Control Bus Image Data Pipeline Joint Electron Device Engineering Council Light Emitting Diode Land Grid Array Least Significant Bit Most Significant Bit Oscillator Pulse Coded Modulation Product Identification Phase Locked Loop Package Outline Assembly Red Green Blue Serial Clock Serial Data Special Function Pin (Port) Universal Serial Bus Video Graphic Array Vendor Identification Y stands for the luminance component (the brightness) and U and V are the chrominance (color) components Acronym ADC ADP AEC AGC AWB CMOS EEPROM FIFO ICB IDP JEDEC LED LGA LSB MSB OSC PCM PID PLL POA RGB SCL SDA SFP USB VGA VID YUV 33/35 Ordering information VL6522 10 Ordering information Table 25. Order codes Package LGA36 Packing Tray Part number VL6522V0MH 11 Revision history Table 26. Date 14-Mar-2007 05-Jul-2007 Document revision history Revision 1 2 Initial release. Added Chapter 7: User precaution and a caution in Chapter 8: Package mechanical data. Changes 34/35 VL6522 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein. 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