End of Life
AC Front End
FE175D480x033FP-00
®
S
US
C
C
NRTL
US
Complete AC-DC PCB-Mounted Solution
Features & Benefits
Product Ratings
• Complete AC-DC PCB-mounted solution
VIN = 85 – 264VAC
• Active Power Factor Correction (PFC)
VOUT = 48VDC (Isolated)
• Rectification
• Filtering
POUT = 330W
Product Description
• Transient protection
• Low-profile package, 9.55mm height above board
• Power density: 121W/in3, 330W in 7.2in2 footprint
• Consistent high efficiency over
world-wide AC mains (85 – 264VAC)
• Secondary-side energy storage
• SELV 48V Output
Efficient power distribution to PoL converters
• 3,000VAC / 4,242VDC isolation
The AC Front End is an AC-to-DC converter, operating from
a universal AC input to generate an isolated and regulated
48VDC output with power factor correction. The module
incorporates rectification, transient and surge suppression and
AC to DC conversion to provide a complete AC to DC solution
in a thin‑profile package. With its ZVS high-frequency Adaptive
Cell™ topology, the AC Front End module consistently delivers
high efficiency across worldwide AC mains. Downstream DC-DC
converters support secondary-side energy storage and efficient
power distribution, providing superior power system performance
and connectivity from the wall plug to the point-of-load.
• PFC (THD) exceeds EN61000-3-2 requirements
• Conducted emissions EN55022, Class B
(with a few external components)
• Surge immunity EN61000-4-5
• ZVS high-frequency (MHz) switching
• Low-profile, high-density filtering
• 100ºC baseplate operation
Typical Applications
• LED – Lighting, display, signage
• Telecom (WiMAX, Power Amplifiers, Optical Switches)
• Automatic Test Equipment (ATE)
• High-Efficiency Server Power
• Office Equipment (Printers, Copiers, Projectors)
• Industrial Equipment
(Process Controllers, Material Handling,
Factory Automation)
Part Ordering Information
AC Front End
Page 1 of 23
Part Number
Temperature Grade
FE175D480C033FP-00
C = –20 to 100°C
FE175D480T033FP-00
T = –40 to 100°C
Rev 2.2
04/2020
Revision
00
End of Life
FE175D480x033FP-00
Typical Application
FUSE
Gnd
+OUT
AC (L)
85 – 264VAC
AC Front End
MOV
AC (N)
Gnd
+OUT
DCM™
–OUT
12V
Load
–OUT
Hold-Up Capacitor
Vicor recommends the following PRM™ modules: PRM48JF480T500A00, PRM48JH480T250A00, PR036A480x012xP, PR045A480X040xP
AC Front End
Page 2 of 23
Rev 2.2
04/2020
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Pin Configuration
RSV3
EN
DC+
OUT
GND
RSV1
DC–
OUT
–IN
DC+
OUT
AC (L) AC (N)
DC–
OUT
GND
Pin-Side View
AC Front End
Pin Descriptions
Signal Name
Type
GND
PE Ground
AC (N)
AC Power Input
AC Neutral Input
AC (L)
AC Power Input
AC Line Input
EN
Signal Input
–IN
Signal Reference
RSV3
No Connect
Do not connect to this pin
RSV1
No Connect
Do not connect to this pin
DC +OUT
Power Output
+48V Output
DC –OUT
Power Return
+48V Return Pin
AC Front End
Page 3 of 23
Description
Protective Earth Ground; two pins plus six grounded standoffs between PCB and baseplate
Open drain with internal pullup. Leave open to enable, pull to –IN to disable
EN pin reference pin
Rev 2.2
04/2020
End of Life
FE175D480x033FP-00
Absolute Maximum Ratings
The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to device.
Electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions. Positive pin current represents current flowing out of the pin
Parameter
Comments
Input voltage AC (L) to AC (N)
Continuous
Input voltage AC (L) to AC (N)
1ms
RSV1 to –IN
Min
Max
Unit
275
VAC
0
600
VPK
Do not connect to this pin
–0.3
5.3
VDC
EN to –IN
5V tolerant 3.3V logic
–0.3
5.3
VDC
RSV3 to –IN
Do not connect to this pin
–0.3
5.3
VDC
Output voltage (+OUT to –OUT)
–0.3
57.0
VDC
Output Current
0.0
10.2
A
C-Grade; baseplate
–20
100
T-Grade; baseplate
–40
100
M-Grade; baseplate
–55
100
C-Grade
–40
125
T-Grade
–40
125
M-Grade
–65
125
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Dielectric Withstand
Input – Output
3000
Input – Base
1500
Output – Base
1500
ºC
ºC
VRMS
Electrical Specifications
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50Hz and 60Hz line frequencies, TC = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified Product Grade. COUT is 6800µF ±20% unless otherwise specified.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
264
VRMS
148
VRMS
Power Input Specification
Input Voltage Range
VIN
Input Voltage Cell Reconfiguration
Low-to-High Threshold
VIN-CR+
Input Voltage Cell Reconfiguration
High-to-Low Threshold
VIN-CR–
Input Current (Peak)
IINRP
Source Line Frequency Range
FLINE
Continuous operation
85
145
132
135
47
Power Factor
PF
Input power >100W
Input Inductance (External)
LIN
Differential-mode inductance; common-mode
inductance may be higher; see “Source Inductance
Considerations” on page 19
Input Power – No Load, Maximum
PNL
EN floating, see Figure 3
Input Power – Disabled, Maximum
PQ
EN pulled low, see Figure 4
VRMS
12
A
63
Hz
0.9
–
1
mH
1.5
W
1.6
W
No-Load Specification
AC Front End
Page 4 of 23
Rev 2.2
04/2020
1.1
End of Life
FE175D480x033FP-00
Electrical Specifications (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50Hz and 60Hz line frequencies, TCASE = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified Product Grade. COUT is 6800µF ±20% unless otherwise specified.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
47.5
49
50.5
V
Over all operating stead-state line conditions
46
51.5
55
V
30
55
V
330
W
Power Output Specification
Output Voltage Set Point
VOUT
Output Voltage, No Load
VOUT-NL
VIN = 230VRMS, 10% load
Output Voltage Range (Transient)
VOUT
Non-faulting abnormal line and load
transient conditions
Output Power
POUT
See Figure 1, safe operating area
VIN = 230V, full load
Efficiency
η
85V < VIN < 264V, full load, see Figure 2
85V < VIN < 264V, 75% load
91
94
88.5
%
89
Output Voltage Ripple,
Switching Frequency
VOUT-PP-HF
Over all opearting steady-state line and load
conditions, 20MHz BW, measured at C3, Figure 28
100
300
mV
Output Voltage Ripple,
Line Frequency
VOUT-PP-LF
Over all opearting steady-state line and load
conditions, 20MHz BW
3.8
5
V
Output Capacitance (External)
COUT-EXT
12,000
µF
400
1000
ms
Output Turn-On Delay
tON
6000
From VIN applied, EN floating
From EN pin release, VIN applied
Start-Up Set-Point Acquisition Time
tSS
Full load
400
500
ms
Cell Reconfiguration Response Time
tCR
Full load
5.5
11
ms
8
%
250
500
ms
1
%
Voltage Deviation (Load Transient)
%VOUT-TRANS
COUT = max
Recovery Time
tTRANS
Line Regulation
%VOUT-LINE
Full load
0.5
Load Regulation
%VOUT-LOAD
10 – 100% load
0.5
Output Current (Continuous)
IOUT
Output Current (Transient)
IOUT-PK
Output Switching Cycle Charge
QTOT
1
%
See Figure 1, SOA
6.9
A
20ms duration, max
10.2
A
13.5
µC
Output Inductance (Parasitic)
LOUT-PAR
Frequency at 1MHz
1
nH
Output Capacitance (Internal)
COUT-INT
Effective value at nominal output voltage
7
µF
0.5
mΩ
Output Cpacitance (Internal ESR)
AC Front End
Page 5 of 23
RCOUT
Rev 2.2
04/2020
End of Life
FE175D480x033FP-00
Electrical Specifications (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50Hz and 60Hz line frequencies, TCASE = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified Product Grade. COUT is 6800µF ±20% unless otherwise specified.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
74
83
VRMS
Powertrain Protections
Input Undervoltage Turn-On
VIN-UVLO+
Intput Undervoltage Turn-Off
VIN-UVLO–
Input Overvoltage Turn-On
VIN-OVLO+
Input Overvoltage Turn-Off
See timing diagram
65
71
VRMS
See timing diagram
265
270
VRMS
273
283
VRMS
Instantaneous, latched shut down
55.3
56.6
59.0
V
VIN-OVLO–
Output Overvoltage Threshold
VOUT-OVLO+
Upper Start/Restart Temperature
Threshold (Case)
TCASE-OTP–
100
ºC
Overtemperature Shut-Down
Threshold (Junction)
TJ-OTP+
130
ºC
Overtemperature Shut-Down
Threshold (Case)
TCASE-OTP+
Undertemperature Shut-Down
Threshold (Case)
TCASE-UTP–
C-Grade
–25
ºC
Lower Start/Restart Temperature
Threshold (Case)
TCASE-UTP+
C-Grade
–20
ºC
ms
Overcurrent Blanking Time
tOC
110
ºC
Based on line frequency
400
460
550
Input Overvoltage Response Time
tPOVP
6
µs
Input Undervoltage Response Time
tUVLO
Based on line frequency
27
39
51
ms
Output Overvoltage Response Time
tSOVP
Powertrain on
60
120
180
µs
120
µs
Short-Circuit Response Time
tSC
Powertrain on, operational state
60
Fault Retry Delay Time
tOFF
See timing diagram
10
Output Power Limit
330
PPROT
6
360
5
300
4
240
3
180
2
120
1
60
0
0
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
95%
94%
AC Front End
Page 6 of 23
92%
91%
90%
88%
85 100 115 130 145 160 175 190 205 220 235 250 265
Input Voltage (V)
Power
Figure 1 — DC output safe opearating area
93%
89%
Input Voltage (VRMS)
Current
W
Full Load Efficiency vs. Line Voltage 25°C Case
Efficiency (%)
420
Output Power (W)
Output Current (A)
DC Output Safe Operating Area
7
s
Figure 2 — Full-load efficiency vs. line voltage
Rev 2.2
04/2020
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Signal Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50Hz and 60Hz line frequencies, TCASE = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified Product Grade.
Enable: EN
• The EN pin enables and disables the AC Front End; when held below 0.8V the unit will be disabled.
• The EN pin can reset the AC Front End after a latching OVP event.
• The EN pin voltage is 3.3V during normal operation.
• The EN pin is referenced to the –IN pin of the module.
Signal Type
State
Start Up
Digital
Input
Standby
Attribute
Symbol
En Enable Threshold
VEN_EN
En Disable Time
tEN_DIS
En Disable Threshold
VEN_DIS
En Resistance To Disable
REN_EXT
Conditions / Notes
Min
From any point in line cycle
Typ
9
Max
2.00
V
16
ms
0.80
Max allowable resistance to –IN required to
disable the moducle
V
14
Reserved: RSV1, RSV3
• No connections are required to these pins. In noisy environments, it is beneficial to add a 0.1µF capacitor between each reserved pin and –IN.
–IN
• Warning: –IN and N are not at the same potential and must not be connected together.
• The –IN pin is the signal reference ground for the EN pin.
• The –IN pin also serves as an access point for the common mode bypass filter to comply with EN55022 Class B for Conducted Emissions.
AC Front End
Page 7 of 23
Rev 2.2
04/2020
Unit
kΩ
End of Life
FE175D480x033FP-00
High-Level Functional State Diagram
Conditions that cause state transitions are shown along arrows. Sub-sequence activities are listed inside the state bubbles.
Application of
VIN
VIN > VIN-UVLO+
EN = True
and
No Faults
STARTUP
SEQUENCE
Line Frequency
Acquisition
tON Expiry
Powertrain: Stopped
RNG: Auto
STANDBY
EN = False
or
VIN Out of Range
Powertrain: Stopped
RNG: High
No Faults
NON LATCHED
FAULT
tOFF delay
OPERATIONAL
VOUT Ramp Up (tss)
Regulates VOUT
EN = False
or
VIN Out of Range
Powertrain: Active
RNG: Auto
PFC: Auto
Overtemp,
Output Short,
or Overload
Powertrain: Stopped
RNG: High
Output OVP
EN Falling Edge
LATCHED
FAULT
Powertrain: Stopped
RNG: High
AC Front End
Page 8 of 23
Rev 2.2
04/2020
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Functional Block Diagram
Module inputs are shown in blue; module outputs are shown in brown.
Note: Negative current is externally forced and shown for the purpose of OVP protection scenario.
1
Input Power
On & UV
Turn-on
2
3
10%
Full
Load
Load
Applied Applied
6
Range
Change
LO to HI
4
5
EN
EN
Forced High
Low
7
8
Input
Input
OV
OV
Turn-off Turn-on
VIN-OVLO+
9
Range
Change
HI to LO
10
Load
Dump
11
12
Load Input Power
Step
Off & UV
Turn-off
VIN-OVLOVIN-CR-
VIN-CR+
VIN-UVLO+
VIN-RMS
Input
VIN-UVLO-
≈30VRMS
EN
VOUT-NL
tON
VOUT
tEN-DIS
tCR
tCR
tPOVP
tON
tON
VOUT
tSS
tSS
Output
tUVLO
tTRANS
(2 places)
ILOAD
13
Input Power
ON & UV
Turn-on
14
Output OC
Fault
15
Output
OC
Recovery
16
Output
OVP
Fault
18
Output
OVP
Fault
))
VIN-UVLO+
Input
17
Toggle EN
(Output
OVP
Recovery)
19
Recycle
Input
Power
(Output
OVP
Recovery)
))
20
Output
SC
Fault
21
Output
SC
Recovery
22
23
24
OT Fault
Line
Input
&
Drop-Out Power
Recovery
Off & UV
Turn-off
VIN-UVLO+
VIN-UVLO-
VIN-RMS
))
))
))
))
))
))
EN
tOC
VOUT
tON
tSS
Output
tOC
VOUT-OVLO+
tOFF+tON
tON
tON
tOC
tOFF+tON
tOFF+tON
))
))
tSOVP
tSC
ILOAD
))
*
AC Front End
Page 9 of 23
))
*
Rev 2.2
04/2020
tOFF+tON
≥tOFF+tON
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Application Characteristics
The following figures present typical performance at TCASE = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
No Load Power Dissipation vs. Line,
Module Disabled, EN Low
2.50
Power Dissipation (W)
Power Dissipation (W)
3.00
No Load Power Dissipation vs. Line,
Module Enabled - Nominal VOUT
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Input Voltage (V)
25°C
-55°C
1.460
1.260
1.060
0.860
0.660
0.460
85 100 115 130 145 160 175 190 205 220 235 250 265
TCASE:
1.660
85
100 115 130 145 160 175 190 205 220 235 250 265
Input Voltage (V)
100°C
Figure 3 — Typical no-load power dissipation vs. VIN,
module enabled
Figure 4 — No-load power dissipation trend vs. VIN,
module disabled
Figure 5 — Typical switching frequency output voltage ripple
waveform, TCASE = 30ºC, VIN = 230V, IOUT = 6.9A, no
external ceramic capacitance
Figure 6 — Typical line frequency output voltage ripple waveform,
TCASE = 30ºC, VIN = 230V, IOUT = 6.9A, COUT = 6,800µF.
Measured at C3, Figure 25
Figure 7 — Typical output voltage transient response,
TCASE = 30ºC, VIN = 230V, IOUT = 6.9A, COUT = 6,800µF
Figure 8 — Typical start-up waveform, application of VIN ,
RLOAD = 7.1Ω, COUT = 6,800µF
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 10 of 23 04/2020
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Application Characteristics (Cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TCASE = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
Report No. TRFE175D480C033FP082912AR1
Figure 9 — Typical start-up waveform, EN pin release, VIN = 230V,
RLOAD = 7.1Ω, COUT = 6,800µF
Compliance Engineering
Figure 10
— Line
drop out, 50Hz, Output:
0° phase,90% Load (297W)
Input:
230V/50Hz
PLOAD = 330W, COUT = 6,800µF
Quasi-Peak Scan Red Lead (L1)
Att 20 dB
INPUT 2
100
Det
QP/AV Trd
ResBW
9 kHz
Meas T
20 ms Unit
1 MHz
55022RED
dB V
10 MHz
90
SGL
80 22QPA
1QP
70
22QPB
60
50
40
30
Report No. TRFE175D480C033FP082912AR1
20
Compliance Engineering
Input:
230V/50Hz
90%
Load
(297W)
= 230V,
Figure 11
— Line
drop out, 50Hz,Output:
90° phase,
VIN
PLOAD = 330W, COUT = 6,800µF
Average Scan Red Lead (L1)
29.Aug 2012 11:01
150 kHz
Date:
30 MHz
29.AUG.2012
11:01:40
Quasi-Peak
Scan Black
Lead (L2/N)
Figure 12 — Typical
EMI spectrum,
quasi-peak
scan, 90% load,
230VIN, COUT = 6,800µF; test circuit – Figure 25
Att 20 dB
INPUT 2
100
Att 20 dB
INPUT 2
100
Det
QP/AV Trd
ResBW
9 kHz
Meas T
20 ms Unit
1 MHz
Det
QP/AV Trd
ResBW
9 kHz
Meas T
20 ms Unit
1 MHz
55022RED
55022BLK
dB V
10 MHz
90
dB V
SGL
10 MHz
80 22QPA
90
1QP
SGL
70
80
2AV
22QPB
60
70
22AVA
50
60
40
22AVB
50
30
40
20
30
29.Aug 2012 12:57
150 kHz
Date:
20
30 MHz
29.AUG.2012
11:02:41
Average
Scan Black
Lead (L2/N)
Figure 13 — Typical
EMI spectrum,
average
scan, 90% load,
230VIN, COUT = 6,800µF; test circuit – Figure 28
Att 20 dB
INPUT 2
1 MHz
Det
QP/AV Trd
ResBW
9 kHz
Meas T
20 ms Unit
55022BLK
dB V
Figure 14 — Typical EMI spectrum, quasi-peak scan, 90% load,
115VIN, COUT = 6,800µF; test circuit – Figure 25
8/29/2012
10 MHz
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 11 of 23 04/2020
90
30 MHz
12:57:35
29.Aug 2012 11:02
150 kHz
Date:
100
29.AUG.2012
SGL
80
2AV
Page 6 of 7
Compliance Engineering
Application Characteristics (Cont.)
Input : 115V/60Hz
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Report No. TRFE175D480C033FPR1
Output: 90% Load (297W)
The following figures present typical performance at TCASE = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
Average Scan Red Lead (L1)
Att 20 dB
INPUT 2
Det
MA/AV Trd
ResBW
9 kHz
Meas T
100
55022RED
1 s Unit
1 MHz
dB V
10 MHz
90
SGL
80
2AV
70
22AVA
60
22AVB
50
40
30
20
26.Jul 2012 16:36
150 kHz
Date:
30 MHz
26.JUL.2012
16:36:57
Average
Scan Black
Lead (L2/N)
Figure 15 — Typical
EMI spectrum,
average
scan, 90% load,
115VIN, COUT = 6,800µF; test circuit – Figure 25
Att 20 dB
INPUT 2
300
200
1 s Unit
dB V
10 MHz
Power Factor vs. Load and VIN at 25°C
SGL
1.000
80
2AV
.950
70
Power Factor
Current [mA]
400
9 kHz
Figure 16 — Typical line current waveform, 60Hz, VIN = 120V,
PLOAD = 330W; COUT = 6,800µF
55022BLK
Input Current Harmonics
600
500
ResBW
1 MHz
90
700
MA/AV Trd
Meas T
100
800
Det
22AVA
60
22AVB
50
40
.900
.850
.800
30
100
20
26.Jul 2012 16:47
150 kHz
.750
30 MHz
0
16:47:25
1 3 26.JUL.2012
5 7 9 11
13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Date:
230 V, 50 Hz
1/3x EN61000-3-2, Class A
1
2
100 V
VIN:
Figure 17 — Typical input current harmonics, full load vs. VIN
7/27/2012
Page 17 of 17
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
78%
76%
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
78%
76%
0.69 1.38 2.07 2.76 3.45 4.14 4.83 5.18 5.52 6.21 6.90
Load Current (A)
Load Current (A)
100 V Eff
100 V Power Diss
115 V Eff
115 V Power Diss
7
240 V
92%
0.69 1.38 2.07 2.76 3.45 4.14 4.83 5.18 5.52 6.21 6.90
VIN:
115 V
94%
Efficiency (%)
90%
6
96%
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
92%
5
Efficiency & Power Dissipation 25°C Case
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
94%
4
Figure 18 — Typical power factor vs. VIN and IOUT
Efficiency & Power Dissipation -55°C Case
96%
3
Load Current (A)
EN61000-3-2, Class D
VIN:
240 V Eff
100 V Power Diss
240 V Power Diss
Figure 19 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.
VIN and IOUT, TCASE = –55ºC
100 V Eff
115 V Eff
115 V Power Diss
240 V Eff
240 V Power Diss
Figure 20 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.
VIN and IOUT, TCASE = 25ºC
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 12 of 23 04/2020
Power Dissipation (W)
0
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Application Characteristics (Cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TCASE = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
Efficiency & Power Dissipation 100°C Case
Efficiency (%)
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
78%
76%
0.69
1.38
2.07
2.76
3.45
4.14
4.83
5.52
6.21
VIN:
100 V Eff
115 V Eff
115 V Power Diss
5
4
3
2
1
0
6.90
0
Load Current (A)
100 V Power Diss
Thermal Resistance (Baseplate to Air)
vs. Air Flow
6
Thermal Resistance (°C/W)
94%
Power Dissipation (W)
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
96%
400
600
800
1000
Air Flow (LFM)
240 V Eff
INSULATED
240 V Power Diss
Figure 21 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.
VIN and IOUT, TCASE = 100ºC
200
UNINSULATED
Figure 22 — Baseplate-to-air thermal resistance; Insulated: minimal
thermal dissipation through pins to PCB;
Uninsulated: thermal dissipation to typical PCB
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 13 of 23 04/2020
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
General Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50Hz and 60Hz line frequencies, TC = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified product grade.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Mechanical
Length
L
95.3 [3.75]
mm [in]
Width
W
48.6 [1.91]
mm [in]
Height
H
9.55 [0.38]
mm [in]
Volume
Vol
44.2 [2.69]
cm3 [in3]
Weight
W
111 [3.9]
g [oz]
Pin Material
C10200 copper, full hard
Underplate
Nickel
100
150
Pin Finish
Pure matte tin,
whisker-resistant chemistry
200
300
C-Grade
–20
100
T-Grade
–40
100
M-Grade
–55
100
μin
Thermal
Operating Baseplate
(Case) Temperature
TC
Thermal Resistance
Any operating
condition
Baseplate‑to‑sink, flat greased surface
0.13
Baseplate‑to‑sink, thermal pad
(PN 36967)
0.17
Thermal Capacity
°C
°C / W
84.5
Ws / °C
Assembly
ESD Rating
ESDHBM
Human Body Model,
(JEDEC JESD 22-A114C.01)
ESDMM
Machine Model,
(JEDEC JESD 22-A115B)
N/A
ESDCDM
Charged Device Model,
(JEDEC JESD 22-C101D)
200
1000
V
Soldering
See Application Note: Soldering Methods and Procedure for Vicor Power Modules
Safety & Reliability
Touch Current
Measured in accordance with
IEC 60990 using measuring network
Figure 28
cURus UL/CSA 60950-1
Agency Approvals / Standards
cTÜVus EN 60950-1
CE, Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 14 of 23 04/2020
0.56
0.68
mA
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
General Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50Hz and 60Hz line frequencies, TC = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified product grade.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
EMI/EMC Compliance
FCC Part 15, EN55022,
CISPR22: 2006 + A1: 2007,
Conducted Emissions
Class B Limits – with components connected as shown in Figure 28
EN61000-3-2: 2009,
Harmonic Current Emissions
Class A
EN61000-3-3: 2005,
Voltage Changes & Flicker
PST < 1.0; PLT < 0.65;
dc < 3.3%; dmax < 6%
EN61000-4-4: 2004,
Electrical Fast Transients
Level 2, Performance criteria A
EN61000-4-5: 2006,
Surge Immunity
Level 3, Immunity Criteria B, external TMOV required
EN61000-4-6: 2009,
Conducted RF Immunity
Level 2, 130dBµV (3.0VRMS)
EN61000-4-8: 1993 + A1 2001,
Power Frequency H-Field 10A/m,
continuous field
Level 3, Performance Criteria A
EN61000-4-11: 2004,
Voltage Dips & Interrupts
Class 2,
Performance Criteria A Dips,
Performance Criteria B Interrupts
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 15 of 23 04/2020
End of Life
Product Details and Design Guidelines
Power Factor Correction
The module provides power factor correction over worldwide AC
mains. For most static loads, PFC approaches unity, see Figure 18.
Load transients that approach the line frequency should be filtered
or avoided as these may reduce PFC.
Building Blocks and System Designs
Approximately
48VDC
Input Fuse Selection
+OUT
AC (L)
MOV*
AC (N)
85 – 264VAC
+OUT
–OUT
DC-DC
Converter
LOAD
AC Front End
FE175D480x033FP-00
–OUT
(Optional)
Hold-Up Capacitor
Figure 23 — 300W universal AC-to-DC supply
The AC Front End is a high efficiency AC-to-DC converter,
operating from a universal AC input to generate an isolated SELV
48VDC output bus with power factor correction. It is the key
component of an AC-to-DC power supply system such as the one
shown in Figure 23 above.
The input to the AC Front End is a sinusoidal AC source with
a power factor maintained by the module with harmonics
conforming to IEC 61000-3-2. Internal filtering enables compliance
with the standards relevant to the application (Surge, EMI, etc.).
See EMI/EMC Compliance standards on page 16.
The module uses secondary-side energy storage (at the SELV
48V bus) and optional PRM™ regulators to maintain output hold
up through line dropouts and brownouts. Downstream regulators
also provide tighter voltage regulation, if required.
The FE175D480C033FP-00 is designed for standalone operation;
however, it may be part of a system that is paralleled by
downstream DC-DC converters. Contact Vicor Sales or refer to
our www.vicorpower.com, regarding new models that can be
paralleled directly for higher power applications.
Traditional PFC Topology
The AC Front End is not internally fused in order to provide
flexibility in configuring power systems. Input line fusing is
recommended at system level, in order to provide thermal
protection in case of catastrophic failure. The fuse shall be selected
by closely matching system requirements with the following
characteristics:
nn
Recommended fuse: 5A, 216 Series Littelfuse
nn
Current rating
(usually greater than the AC Front End maximum current)
nn
Maximum voltage rating
(usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage)
nn
Ambient temperature
nn
Breaking capacity per application requirements
nn
Nominal melting I2t
Fault Handling
Input Undervoltage (UV) Fault Protection
The AC Front End’s input voltage is monitored by the
microcontroller to detect an input undervoltage condition. When
the input voltage is less than the VIN-UVLO–, a fault is detected, the
fault latch and reset logic disables the modulator, the modulator
stops powertrain switching, and the output voltage of the unit
falls. After a time tUVLO, the unit shuts down. Faults lasting less
than tUVLO may not be detected. Such a fault does not go through
an auto-restart cycle. Once the input voltage rises above VIN-UVLO+,
the unit recovers from the input UV fault, the powertrain resumes
normal switching after a time tON and the output voltage of the
unit reaches the set-point voltage within a time tSS.
Overcurrent (OC) Fault Protection
Full-Wave
Rectifier
EMI/TVS
Filter
Isolated
12V Bus
DC-DC
Converter
Figure 24 — Traditional PFC AC-to-DC supply
To cope with input voltages across worldwide AC mains
(85 – 264VAC), traditional AC-DC power supplies (Figure 24)
use two power conversion stages: 1) a PFC boost stage to step
up from a rectified input as low as 85VAC to ~380VDC; and 2) a
DC‑DC down converter from 380VDC to a 12V bus. The efficiency
of the boost stage and of traditional power supplies is significantly
compromised operating from worldwide AC lines as low as 85VAC.
Adaptive Cell™ Topology
With its single-stage Adaptive Cell topology, the AC Front End
enables consistently high-efficiency conversion from worldwide AC
mains to a 48V bus and efficient secondary-side power distribution.
The unit’s output current, determined by VEAO, VIN-B and
the primary-side-sensed output voltage is monitored by the
microcontroller to detect an output OC condition. If the output
current exceeds its current limit, a fault is detected, the reset logic
disables the modulator, the modulator stops powertrain switching,
and the output voltage of the module falls after a time tOC. As
long as the fault persists, the module goes through an auto-restart
cycle with off time equal to tOFF + tON and on time equal to tOC.
Faults shorter than a time tOC may not be detected. Once the
fault is cleared, the module follows its normal start up sequence
after a time tOFF.
Short Circuit (SC) Fault Protection
The microcontroller determines a short circuit on the output of
the unit by measuring its primary sensed output voltage. Most
commonly, a drop in the primary-sensed output voltage triggers
a short circuit event. The module responds to a short circuit event
within a time tSC. The module then goes through an auto restart
cycle, with an off time equal to tOFF + tON and an on time equal to
tSC, for as long as the short circuit fault condition persists. Once the
fault is cleared, the unit follows its normal start up sequence after a
time toff. Faults shorter than a time tSC may not be detected.
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 16 of 23 04/2020
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Temperature Fault Protection
Output Filtering
The microcontroller monitors the temperature within the
AC Front End. If this temperature exceeds TJ-OTP+, an
overtemperature fault is detected, the reset logic block disables
the modulator, the modulator stops the powertrain switching
and the output voltage of the AC Front End falls. Once the case
temperature falls below TCASE-OTP–, after a time greater than or
equal to toff, the converter recovers and undergoes a normal
restart. For the C-Grade version of the converter, this temperature
is 75°C. Faults shorter than a time totp may not be detected. If
the temperature falls below TCASE-UTP–, an undertemperature fault
is detected, the reset logic disables the modulator, the modulator
stops powertrain switching and the output voltage of the unit
falls. Once the case temperature rises above TCASE-UTP, after a time
greater than or equal to tOFF, the unit recovers and undergoes a
normal restart.
The AC Front End module requires an output bulk capacitor
in the range of 6,000 – 12,000µF for proper operation of
the PFC front end.
The output voltage has the following two components of
voltage ripple:
1) Line frequency voltage ripple: 2 • fLINE Hz component
2) Switching frequency voltage ripple: 1MHz module switching
frequency component
C2
GND
F1
AC (L)
85 – 264VAC
Output Overvoltage Protection (OVP)
AC Front End
MOV
RSV1
EN
RSV3
–IN
AC (N)
The microcontroller monitors the primary sensed output voltage to
detect output OVP. If the primary sensed output voltage exceeds
VOUT-OVLO+, a fault is latched, the logic disables the modulator, the
modulator stops powertrain switching, and the output voltage
of the module falls after a time tsovp. Faults shorter than a time
tSOVP may not be detected. This type of fault is a latched fault and
requires that 1) the EN pin be toggled or 2) the input power be
recycled to recover from the fault.
R2
+OUT
GND
L1
+OUT
+OUT
C5
CM
C3 C4
–OUT
–OUT
–OUT
R1 C1
Figure 25 — Typical application for EN55022 Class B EMI
Where, in the schematic:
Hold-Up Capacitance
C1
= 2.2nF (Murata GA355DR7GF222KW01L)
C2
= 4.7nF (Murata GA355DR7GF472KW01L)
C3
= 3.3µF (TDK C4532X7R1H335MT)
C 4
= 6800µF 63V (Panasonic UVR1J682MRD)
Hold-up time depends upon the output power drawn from the
AC‑Front-End-based AC-to-DC front end and the input voltage
range of downstream DC-to-DC converters.
C5
= 100µF 63V (Nichicon UVY1J101MPD)
F1
= 5A, 216 Series Littlefuse
The following formula can be used to calculate hold-up capacitance
L1
= 15µH (TDK MLF2012C150KT)
L 2
= 600µH (Vicor 37052-601)
The AC Front End uses secondary-side energy storage (at the
SELV 48V bus) and optional PRM™ regulators to maintain output
hold up through line dropouts and brownouts. The module’s
output bulk capacitance can be sized to achieve the required hold
up functionality.
(0.005 + td)
C = 2 • POUT •
(V22 – V12)
L2
(1)
MOV = 300V, 10kA, 20mm dia (Littlefuse TMOV20RP300E)
R1
R2 = 2.2Ω
for a system comprised of AC Front End and a PRM regulator:
Where:
= 6.8Ω
Line Frequency Filtering
C
=
AC Front End’s output bulk capacitance in farads
td
=
Hold-up time in seconds
POUT =
AC Front End’s output power in watts
V2
Output voltage of AC Front end’s converter in volts
=
Output line frequency ripple depends upon output bulk
capacitance. Output bulk capacitor values should be calculated
based on line frequency voltage ripple. High-grade electrolytic
capacitors with adequate ripple current ratings, low ESR and a
minimum voltage rating of 63V are recommended.
V1 = PRM regulator undervoltage turn off (volts)
or
POUT/IOUT-PK, whichever is greater
lPK
lPK/2
loutDC
lfLINE
Figure 26 — Output current waveform
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 17 of 23 04/2020
End of Life
Based on the output current waveform, as seen in Figure 26, the
following formula can be used to determine peak-to-peak line
frequency output voltage ripple:
VPPLINE = 0.2 •
POUT
(VOUT • fLINE • C)
(2)
Where:
VPPLINE = Output voltage ripple peak-to-peak line frequency
FE175D480x033FP-00
EMI Filtering and Transient Voltage Suppression
EMI Filtering
The AC Front End with PFC is designed such that it will comply with
EN55022 Class B for Conducted Emissions with the filter connected
across –IN and GND as shown in Figure 25. The emissions spectrum
is shown in Figures 12 – 15. If one of the outputs is connected to
earth ground, a small (single turn) output common mode choke
is also required.
POUT
= Average output power
VOUT
= Output voltage set point, nominally 48V
EMI performance is subject to a wide variety of external influences
such as PCB construction, circuit layout etc. As such, external
components in addition to those listed herein may be required in
specific instances to gain full compliance to the standards specified.
fLINE
= Frequency of line voltage
Transient Voltage Suppression
C
= Output bulk capacitance
IDC
= Maximum average output current
The AC Front End contains line transient suppression circuitry to
meet specifications for surge (i.e., EN61000-4-5) and fast transient
conditions (i.e., EN61000-4-4 fast transient/“burst”).
IPK
= Peak-to-peak line frequency output current ripple
In certain applications, the choice of bulk capacitance may be
determined by hold-up requirements and low frequency output
voltage filtering requirements. Such applications may use the
greater capacitance value determined from these requirements.
The ripple current rating for the bulk capacitors can be determined
from the following equation:
IRIPPLE ≈ 0.8 •
POUT
VOUT
(3)
Thermal management of internally dissipated heat should maximize
heat removed from the baseplate surface, since the baseplate
represents the lowest aggregate thermal impedance to internal
components. The baseplate temperature should be maintained
below 100°C. Cooling of the system PCB should be provided
to keep the leads below 100°C, and to control maximum PCB
temperatures in the area of the module.
Powering a Constant Power Load
Switching Frequency Filtering
Some applications require the output filtering shown in Figure 25
to meet radiated emissions limits. In such a situation, the output
switching ripple shown in Figure 5 should be expected at the
output of the filter. In cases where other means are used to control
radiated emissions, and more ripple can be tolerated, the output
filter can be simplified by removal of the common mode inductor,
and C5, which is used to reduce the Q of the LC resonant tank.
Output switching frequency voltage ripple is the function of the
output bypass ceramic capacitor. Output bypass ceramic capacitor
values should be calculated based on switching frequency voltage
ripple. Normally bypass capacitors with low ESR are used with a
sufficient voltageQrating.
TOT
C3 =
Thermal Design
(4)
When the output voltage of the AC Front End module is applied
to the input of the PRM™ regulator, the regulator turns on and
acts as a constant-power load. When the module’s output voltage
reaches the input undervoltage turn on of the regulator, the
regulator will attempt to start. However, the current demand of the
PRM regulator at the undervoltage turn-on point and the hold-up
capacitor charging current may force the AC Front End into current
limit. In this case, the unit may shut down and restart repeatedly.
In order to prevent this multiple restart scenario, it is necessary to
delay enabling a constant-power load when powered up by the
upstream AC to 48V front end until after the output set point of
the AC Front End is reached.
This can be achieved by
VOUT-PP-HF
– COUT-INT
Output bypass
ceramic
capacitor value for allowable peak-to-peak
switching frequency voltage ripple can be determined by:
C3 =
QTOT
VOUT-PP-HF
– COUT-INT
1) Keeping the downstream constant-power load off during
power up sequence
and
(4)
Where:
VOUT-PP-HF = Allowable peak-to-peak output switching
frequency voltage ripple in volts
QTOT
= The total output charge per switching cycle at full
load, maximum 13.5μC
COUT-INT
= The module internal effective capacitance
C3
= Required output bypass ceramic capacitor
2) Turning the downstream constant-power load on after the
output voltage of the module reaches 48V steady state.
After the initial start up, the output of the AC Front End can be
allowed to fall to 30V during a line dropout at full load. In this
case, the circuit should not disable the PRM regulator if the input
voltage falls after it is turned on; therefore, some form of hysteresis
or latching is needed on the enable signal for the constant power
load. The output capacitance of the AC Front End should also be
sized appropriately for a constant power load to prevent collapse
of the output voltage of the module during line dropout (see
Hold-Up Capacitance on page 18). A constant-power load can be
turned off after completion of the required hold up time during
the power‑down sequence or can be allowed to turn off when it
reaches its own undervoltage shut-down point.
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 18 of 23 04/2020
End of Life
The timing diagram in Figure 27 shows the output voltage of
the AC Front End module and the PRM™ PC pin voltage and
output voltage of the PRM regulator for the power up and power
down sequence. It is recommended to keep the time delay
approximately 10 – 20ms.
AC Front End
VOUT
49V – 3%
PRM UV
Turn on
PRM™
Regulator
tDELAY
PC
PRM™
Regulator
VOUT
tHOLD-UP
Figure 27 — PRM enable hold-off waveforms
Special care should be taken when enabling the constant-power
load near the auto-ranger threshold, especially with an inductive
source upstream of the AC Front End. A load current spike
may cause a large input voltage transient, resulting in a range
change which could temporarily reduce the available power
(see Adaptive Cell™ Topology below).
Adaptive Cell™ Topology
The Adaptive Cell topology utilizes magnetically coupled “top”
and “bottom” primary cells that are adaptively configured in series
or parallel by a configuration controller comprised of an array of
switches. A microcontroller monitors operating conditions and
defines the configuration of the top and bottom cells through a
range control signal.
FE175D480x033FP-00
Source Inductance Considerations
The AC Front End powertrain uses a unique Adaptive Cell Topology
that dynamically matches the powertrain architecture to the AC
line voltage. In addition the AC Front End uses a unique control
algorithm to reduce the AC line harmonics yet still achieve rapid
response to dynamic load conditions presented to it at the DC
output terminals. Given these unique power processing features,
the AC Front End can expose deficiencies in the AC line source
impedance that may result in unstable operation if ignored.
It is recommended that for a single AC Front End, the line source
inductance should be no greater than 1mH for a universal AC
input of 100 – 240V. If the AC Front End will be operated at 240V
nominal only, the source impedance may be increased to 2mH.
For either of the preceding operating conditions it is best to be
conservative and stay below the maximum source inductance
values. When multiple AC Front End’s are used on a single AC line,
the inductance should be no greater than 1mH/N, where N is the
number of AC Front End’s on the AC branch circuit, or 2mH/N
for 240VAC operation. It is important to consider all potential
sources of series inductance including and not limited to, AC
power distribution transformers, structure wiring inductance, AC
line reactors, and additional line filters. Non-linear behavior of
power distribution devices ahead of the AC Front End may further
reduce the maximum inductance and require testing to ensure
optimal performance.
If the AC Front End is to be utilized in large arrays, the AC Front
Ends should be spread across multiple phases or sources thereby
minimizing the source inductance requirements, or be operated
at a line voltage close to 240VAC. Vicor Applications should be
contacted to assist in the review of the application when multiple
devices are to be used in arrays.
A comparator inside the microcontroller monitors the line voltage
and compares it to an internal voltage reference.
If the input voltage of the AC Front End crosses above the positive
going cell reconfiguration threshold voltage, the output of the
comparator transitions, causing switches S1 and S2 to open and
switch S3 to close (see Functional Block Diagram on page 8). With
the top cell and bottom cell configured in series, the unit operates
in “high” range and input capacitances CIN-T and CIN-B are in series.
If the peak of input voltage of the unit falls below the
negative‑going range threshold voltage for two line cycles, the cell
configuration controller opens switch S3 and closes switches S1 and
S2. With the top cell and bottom cells configured in parallel, the
unit operates in “low” range and input capacitances CIN-T and CIN-B
are in parallel.
Power processing is held off while transitioning between ranges
and the output voltage of the unit may temporarily droop. External
output hold up capacitance should be sized to support power
delivery to the load during cell reconfiguration. The minimum
specified external output capacitance of 6,000µF is sufficient to
provide adequate ride-through during cell reconfiguration for
typical applications.
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 19 of 23 04/2020
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Product Outline Drawing
IWI
47.63
1.875
9.8
.386
95.3
3.75
7.01
.276
74.52
2.934
37.26
1.467
2.0
.080
2.54
.100
3.18
.125
(6) PL.
5.2
.204
5.8
.227
9.3
.364
44.55
1.754
26.05
1.026
17.28
.680
8.00
.315
8.78
.345
24.30
.957
7.03
.277
38.2
1.505
IWI
IWI
4.00
.157
2.86
.113
12.00
.472
48.6
1.91
IWI
50.25
1.978
80.25
3.159
3.99
.157
2.06
.081
(12) PL.
13.54±.64
.533±.025
9.55±.25
.376±.010
.6
.022
SEATING
PLANE
94.1
3.706
NOTES:
1- RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION.
2- PLATED THROUGH HOLES SHALL BE USED WITH VIBRICK
STANDOFF KITS TO GROUND THE BASEPLATE TO THE
CUSTOMERS PCB AND/OR COLD PLATE.
Product outline drawings are available in .pdf and .dxf formats. 3D mechanical models are available in .pdf and .step formats.
See the AC Front End family page for more details.
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 20 of 23 04/2020
37.1
1.46
FE175D480x033FP-00
End of Life
Recommended PCB Footprint
40.13±.08
1.580±.003
TOP LAYER
COPPER KEEP
OUT AREA
37.26±.08
1.467±.003
10.13±.08
.399±.003
3.86±.08
.152±.003
37.26±.08
1.467±.003
3.81±.08
.150±.003
PLATED THRU
1.02 [.040] ANNULAR RING
(Ø5.84 [.230])
(4) PL.
SEE NOTE 2
40.13±.08
1.580±.003
47.63
1.875
15.39±.08
.606±.003
.00
.000
95.3
3.75
R4.64
.182
(3) PL.
22.28±.08
.877±.003
13.03±.08
.513±.003
48.6
1.91
4.25±.08
.167±.003
.00
.000
4.25±.08
.167±.003
24.30
.957
13.03±.08
.513±.003
DC+
OUT
GND
AC(L)
DC+
OUT
RSV1
EN
-IN
DCOUT
DCOUT
0
.000
22.28±.08
.877±.003
2.36±.08
.093±.003
PLATED THRU
.73 [.029] ANNULAR RING
(Ø3.81 [.150])
(8) PL.
7.74±.08
.305±.003
6.00±.08
.236±.003
2.00±.08
.079±.003
RSV3
AC(N)
GND
18.28±.08
.720±.003
3.81±.08
.150±.003
PLATED THRU
.06 [.023] ANNULAR RING
(Ø5.00 [.197])
(2) PL.
SEE NOTE 2
.00
.000
2.00±.08
.079±.003
6.00±.08
.236±.003
2.36±.08
.093±.003
PLATED THRU
.54 [.021] ANNULAR RING
(Ø3.43 [.135])
(4) PL.
yljvttluklkGwjiGwh{{lyu
(COMPONENT SIDE SHOWN)
Product outline drawings are available in .pdf and .dxf formats. 3D mechanical models are available in .pdf and .step formats.
See the AC Front End family page for more details.
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 21 of 23 04/2020
End of Life
FE175D480x033FP-00
Revision History
Revision
Date
Description
2.1
03/19/19
First release with updated formatting
2.2
04/24/20
Corrections to pin configuration image
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
Page 22 of 23 04/2020
Page Number(s)
n/a
3
End of Life
FE175D480x033FP-00
Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and
accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom
power systems.
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor
makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves
the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by
Vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies.
Testing and other quality controls are used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where
mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Visit http://www.vicorpower.com/ac-dc/converters/ac-front-end-module for the latest product information.
Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions and Product Warranty
All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, and Product Warranty which are available on Vicor’s webpage
(http://www.vicorpower.com/termsconditionswarranty) or upon request.
Life Support Policy
VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE
EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used
herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and
whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to
result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms
and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies
Vicor against all liability and damages.
Intellectual Property Notice
Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the
products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property
rights is granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor’s Intellectual Property Department.
The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers:
5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917;
7,166,898; 7,187,263; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965.
Contact Us: http://www.vicorpower.com/contact-us
Vicor Corporation
25 Frontage Road
Andover, MA, USA 01810
Tel: 800-735-6200
Fax: 978-475-6715
www.vicorpower.com
email
Customer Service: custserv@vicorpower.com
Technical Support: apps@vicorpower.com
©2019 – 2020 Vicor Corporation. All rights reserved. The Vicor name is a registered trademark of Vicor Corporation.
All other trademarks, product names, logos and brands are property of their respective owners.
AC Front End
Rev 2.2
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