LM358M/TR

LM358 LM358 Dual Operational Amplifiers 1 Features 2 Applications • • • • • • • • 1 • • • • • • • • Wide Supply Ranges – Single Supply: 3 V to 32 V (26 V for LM2904) – Dual Supplies: ±1.5 V to ±16 V (±13 V for LM2904) Low Supply-Current Drain, Independent of Supply Voltage: 0.7 mA Typical Wide Unity Gain Bandwidth: 0.7 MHz Common-Mode Input Voltage Range Includes Ground, Allowing Direct Sensing Near Ground Low Input Bias and Offset Parameters – Input Offset Voltage: 3 mV Typical A Versions: 2 mV Typical – Input Offset Current: 2 nA Typical – Input Bias Current: 20 nA Typical A Versions: 15 nA Typical Differential Input Voltage Range Equal to Maximum-Rated Supply Voltage: 32 V (26 V for LM2904) Open-Loop Differential Voltage Gain: 100 dB Typical Internal Frequency Compensation On Products Compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, All Parameters are Tested Unless Otherwise Noted. On All Other Products, Production Processing Does Not Necessarily Include Testing of All Parameters. • • • • Blu-ray Players and Home Theaters Chemical and Gas Sensors DVD Recorder and Players Digital Multimeter: Bench and Systems Digital Multimeter: Handhelds Field Transmitter: Temperature Sensors Motor Control: AC Induction, Brushed DC, Brushless DC, High-Voltage, Low-Voltage, Permanent Magnet, and Stepper Motor Oscilloscopes TV: LCD and Digital Temperature Sensors or Controllers Using Modbus Weigh Scales 3 Description These devices consist of two independent, high-gain frequency-compensated operational amplifiers designed to operate from a single supply or split supply over a wide range of voltages. Device Information(1) PART NUMBER LMx58, LMx58x, LM2904, LM2904V LMx58, LMx58x, LM2904V PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM) VSSOP (8) 3.00 mm × 3.00 mm SOIC (8) 4.90 mm × 3.90 mm SO (8) 5.20 mm × 5.30 mm TSSOP (8) 3.00 mm × 4.40 mm PDIP (8) 9.81 mm × 6.35 mm CDIP (8) 9.60 mm × 6.67 mm LCCC (20) 8.89 mm × 8.89 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet. Symbol (Each Amplifier) IN+ IN− http://www.hgsemi.com.cn + − 1 OUT 2018 AUG LM358 5 Pin Configuration and Functions D, DGK, P, PS, PW and JG Package 8-Pin SOIC, VSSOP, PDIP, SO, TSSOP and CDIP (Top View) 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 NC 1OUT NC V CC+ NC 1 VCC 2OUT 2IN− 2IN+ NC 1IN− NC 1IN+ NC 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 5 17 6 16 7 15 8 14 9 10 11 12 13 NC 2OUT NC 2IN− NC NC GND NC 2IN+ NC 1OUT 1IN− 1IN+ GND FK Package 20-Pin LCCC (Top View) NC - No internal connection Pin Functions PIN LCCC NO. SOIC, SSOP, CDIP, PDIP SO, TSSOP, CFP NO. 1IN– 5 2 1IN+ 7 1OUT 2 2IN– NAME I/O DESCRIPTION I Negative input 3 I Positive input 1 O Output 15 6 I Negative input 2IN+ 12 5 I Positive input 2OUT 17 7 O Output GND 10 4 — Ground — — Do not connect 1 3 4 6 8 NC 9 11 13 14 16 18 19 VCC — 8 — Power supply VCC+ 20 — — Power supply http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 2 2018 AUG LM358 6 Specifications 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) LMx58, LMx58x, LM2904V LM2904 UNIT MIN MAX MIN MAX VCC Supply voltage (2) –0.3 ±16 or 32 –0.3 ±13 or 26 V VID Differential input voltage (3) –32 32 –26 26 V Input voltage –0.3 32 –0.3 26 V Unlimited s either input VI Duration of output short circuit (one amplifier) to ground at (or below) TA = 25°C, VCC ≤ 15 V (4) Unlimited LM158, LM158A –55 125 LM258, LM258A –25 85 LM358, LM358A 0 70 TA Operating free air temperature TJ Operating virtual junction temperature 150 Case temperature for 60 seconds FK package 260 Lead temperature 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 60 seconds JG package 300 LM2904 Tstg (1) (2) (3) (4) –40 Storage temperature –65 °C 125 –40 125 150 °C °C 150 –65 300 °C 150 °C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values (except differential voltages and VCC specified for the measurement of IOS) are with respect to the network GND. Differential voltages are at IN+, with respect to IN−. Short circuits from outputs to VCC can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. 6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE V(ESD) (1) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±500 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101 ±1000 UNIT V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) LMx58, LMx58x, LM2904V VCC Supply voltage VCM Common-mode voltage TA Operating free air temperature http://www.hgsemi.com.cn LM2904 MAX MIN MAX 3 30 3 26 V 0 VCC – 2 V 0 VCC – 2 LM158 –55 125 LM2904 –40 125 LM358 0 70 LM258 –25 85 3 UNIT MIN –40 125 °C 2018 AUG LM358 6.4 Thermal Information LMx58, LMx58x, LM2904V, LM2904 THERMAL METRIC (1) RθJA LMx58, LMx58x, LM2904 V D (SOIC) DGK (VSSOP) P (PDIP) PS (SO) PW (TSSOP) FK (LCCC) JG (CDIP) 8 PINS 8 PINS 8 PINS 8 PINS 8 PINS 20 PINS 8 PINS 97 172 85 95 149 — — 72.2 — — — — 5.61 14.5 Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance (1) LMx58, LMx58x, LM2904 V UNIT °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics for LMx58 at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER LM158 LM258 TA (2) TEST CONDITIONS (1) MIN VIO Input offset voltage αVIO Average temperature coefficient of input offset voltage IIO Input offset current αIIO Average temperature coefficient of input offset current IIB Input bias current VICR Common-mode input voltage range VCC = 5 V to MAX, VIC = VICR(min), VO = 1.4 V 25°C VO = 1.4 V 7 25°C 2 10 25°C –20 25°C Large-signal differential voltage amplification CMRR Common-mode rejection ratio 7 9 7 30 2 µV/°C 50 150 10 –150 –20 pA/°C –250 nA Full range 25°C AVD 3 100 Full range RL ≥ 10 kΩ VCC = 15 V VO = 1 V to 11 V, RL ≥ 2 kΩ MAX nA RL ≥ 2 kΩ RL ≤ 10 kΩ TYP (3) 7 Full range VCC = 5 V to MAX Low-level output voltage VOL 5 Full range VO = 1.4 V VCC = MAX 3 MIN mV Full range High-level output voltage UNIT MAX Full range 25°C VOH TYP LM358 (3) –300 –500 0 to VCC – 1.5 0 to VCC – 1.5 0 to VCC – 2 0 to VCC – 2 VCC – 1.5 VCC – 1.5 26 V V RL = 2 kΩ Full range 26 RL ≥ 10 kΩ Full range 27 Full range 28 5 27 28 25 100 20 20 mV 50 Full range 25 VCC= 5 V to MAX, VIC = VICR(min) 25°C 70 80 65 80 dB kSVR Supply-voltage rejection ratio (ΔVDD /ΔVIO) VCC = 5 V to MAX 25°C 65 100 65 100 dB VO1/ VO2 Crosstalk attenuation f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz 25°C 120 dB VCC = 15 V, VID = 1 V, VO = 0 25°C –20 –30 –20 –30 Full range –10 25°C 10 Full range 5 VID = –1 V, VO = 200 mV 25°C 12 VCC at 5 V, GND at –5 V, VO = 0 25°C ±40 ±60 ±40 ±60 VO = 2.5 V, No load Full range 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 VCC = MAX, VO = 0.5 VCC, No load Full range 1 2 1 2 IO Output current IOS Short-circuit output current ICC Supply current (two amplifiers) (1) (2) (3) VCC = 15 V, VID = –1 V, VO = 15 V 100 5 25°C V/mV 15 120 Source –10 mA 20 10 20 Sink 5 30 12 μA 30 mA mA All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified. MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26 V for LM2902 and 30 V for the others. Full range is –55°C to 125°C for LM158, –25°C to 85°C for LM258, and 0°C to 70°C for LM358, and –40°C to 125°C for LM2904. All typical values are at TA = 25°C http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 4 2018 AUG LM358 6.6 Electrical Characteristics for LM2904 at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5 V (unless otherwise noted) TEST CONDITIONS (1) PARAMETER VIO Input offset voltage MIN UNIT TYP (3) 25°C Non-A-suffix devices VCC = 5 V to MAX, VIC = VICR(min), VO = 1.4 V LM2904 TA (2) MAX 3 7 Full range 10 mV 25°C 1 2 A-suffix devices Full range Average temperature coefficient of input offset voltage αVIO 4 Full range 7 25°C 2 μV/°C 50 Non-V device Full range IIO Input offset current VO = 1.4 V 300 nA 25°C 2 50 V-suffix device Full range Average temperature coefficient of input offset current αIIO IIB Input bias current VICR Common-mode input voltage range VO = 1.4 V 150 Full range 10 25°C –20 nA Full range –500 0 to VCC – 1.5 25°C VCC = 5 V to MAX RL ≥ 10 kΩ 25°C VCC = MAX, Non-V device High-level output voltage VCC = MAX V-suffix device Low-level output voltage RL ≤ 10 kΩ AVD Large-signal differential voltage amplification VCC = 15 V, VO = 1 V to 11 V, RL ≥ 2 kΩ CMRR Common-mode rejection ratio VCC = 5V to MAX, VIC = VICR(min) VOL VCC – 1.5 RL = 2 kΩ Full range 22 RL ≥ 10 kΩ Full range 23 RL = 2 kΩ Full range 26 Full range 27 28 25°C 25 100 Full range 15 Non-V device 25°C 50 80 V-suffix device 25°C 65 80 65 100 dB 120 dB –30 RL ≥ 10 kΩ V 5 20 dB VCC = 5 V to MAX 25°C VO1/ VO2 Crosstalk attenuation f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz 25°C VCC = 15 V, VID = 1 V, VO = 0 25°C –20 Full range –10 25°C 10 Full range 5 Source mA VCC = 15 V, VID = –1 V, VO = 15 V 20 Sink VID = –1 V, VO = 200 mV Non-V device 25°C V-suffix device 25°C 30 12 μA 40 IOS Short-circuit output current VCC at 5 V, VO = 0, GND at −5 V 25°C ±40 ±60 VO = 2.5 V, No load Full range 0.7 1.2 ICC Supply current (four amplifiers) VCC = MAX, VO = 0.5 VCC, No load Full range 1 2 (1) (2) (3) mV V/mV Supply-voltage rejection ratio (ΔVCC /ΔVIO) Output current 24 Full range kSVR IO V 0 to VCC – 2 Full range VOH pA/°C –250 mA mA All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified. MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26 V for LM2902 and 32 V for LM2902V. Full range is –55°C to 125°C for LM158, –25°C to 85°C for LM258, 0°C to 70°C for LM358, and –40°C to 125°C for LM2904. All typical values are at TA = 25°C. 6.7 Electrical Characteristics for LM158A and LM258A at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5 V (unless otherwise noted) TEST CONDITIONS (1) PARAMETER VIO (1) (2) Input offset voltage VCC = 5 V to 30 V, VIC = VICR(min), VO = 1.4 V LM158A TA (1) MIN TYP (2) LM258A MAX 25°C 2 Full range 4 MIN TYP (2) 2 UNIT MAX 3 mV 4 All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified. MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26 V for LM2904 and 30 V for others. All typical values are at TA = 25°C. http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 5 2018 AUG LM358 Electrical Characteristics for LM158A and LM258A (continued) at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5 V (unless otherwise noted) TEST CONDITIONS (1) PARAMETER αVIO Average temperature coefficient of input offset voltage IIO Input offset current αIIO Average temperature coefficient of input offset current IIB Input bias current VICR Common-mode input voltage range VO = 1.4 V LM158A TA (1) MAX Full range 7 25°C 2 VO = 1.4 V Full range 10 25°C –15 15 (3) 7 15 10 2 µA/°C 15 30 200 10 –50 –15 200 pA/°C –80 nA Full range –100 VCC = 30 V RL ≥ 2 kΩ VCC = 30 V MAX 30 25°C –100 0 to VCC – 1.5 0 to VCC – 1.5 0 to VCC – 2 0 to VCC – 2 VCC – 1.5 VCC – 1.5 Full range High-level output voltage UNIT TYP (2) MIN nA Full range 25°C VOH LM258A TYP (2) MIN RL= 2kΩ Full range 26 RL≥ 10kΩ Full range 27 V 26 28 V 27 28 VOL Low-level output voltage RL ≤ 10 kΩ Full range Large-signal differential voltage amplification VCC = 15 V, VO = 1 V to 11 V, RL ≥ 2 kΩ 25°C 50 AVD Full range 25 CMRR Common-mode rejection ratio 25°C 70 80 70 80 dB kSVR Supply-voltage rejection ratio (ΔVD /ΔVIO) 25°C 65 100 65 100 dB VO1/ VO2 Crosstalk attenuation 120 dB f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz VCC = 15 V, VID = 1 V, VO = 0 IO Output current IOS Short-circuit output current ICC Supply current (four amplifiers) (3) VCC = 15 V, VID = –1 V, VO = 15 V 5 20 100 5 50 20 mV 100 V/mV 25°C 25 120 25°C –20 Full range –10 25°C 10 –30 –60 –20 −60 –30 Source –10 mA 20 10 30 12 20 Sink Full range 5 VID = −1 V, VO = 200 mV 25°C 12 5 VCC at 5 V, GND at –5 V, VO = 0 25°C ±40 ±60 ±40 ±60 VO = 2.5 V, No load Full range 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 VCC = MAX V, VO = 0.5 V, No load Full range 1 2 1 2 μA 30 mA mA On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, this parameter is not production tested. 6.8 Electrical Characteristics for LM358A at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VIO Input offset voltage αVIO Average temperature coefficient of input offset voltage IIO Input offset current αIIO Average temperature coefficient of input offset current (1) (2) (3) TA (2) TEST CONDITIONS (1) VCC = 5 V to 30 V, VIC = VICR(min), VO = 1.4 V 25°C LM358A MIN UNIT TYP (3) MAX 2 3 mV Full range VO = 1.4 V 5 Full range 7 20 25°C 2 30 µA/°C nA Full range Full range 75 10 300 pA/°C All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified. MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26 V for LM2904 and 30 V for others. All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified. MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26 V for LM2904 and 30 V for others. All typical values are at TA = 25°C. http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 6 2018 AUG LM358 Electrical Characteristics for LM358A (continued) at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS (1) LM358A TA (2) MIN 25°C IIB Input bias current VICR Common-mode input voltage range VO = 1.4 V –15 VCC = 30 V RL ≥ 2 kΩ VCC = 30 V –100 –200 0 to VCC – 1.5 25°C V 0 to VCC – 2 Full range High-level output voltage UNIT MAX nA Full range 25°C VOH TYP (3) VCC – 1.5 RL= 2kΩ Full range 26 RL≥ 10kΩ Full range 27 28 25°C 25 100 Full range 15 VOL Low-level output voltage RL ≤ 10 kΩ AVD Large-signal differential voltage amplification VCC = 15 V, VO = 1 V to 11 V, RL ≥ 2 kΩ Full range V 5 20 mV V/mV CMRR Common-mode rejection ratio 25°C 65 80 dB kSVR Supply-voltage rejection ratio (ΔVDD /ΔVIO) 25°C 65 100 dB VO1/ VO2 Crosstalk attenuation –30 IO Output current IOS Short-circuit output current ICC Supply current (four amplifiers) f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz 25°C VCC = 15 V, VID = 1 V, VO = 0 25°C –20 Full range –10 25°C 10 Full range 5 VCC = 15 V, VID = –1 V, VO = 15 V 120 dB −60 Source mA 20 Sink μA VID = –1 V, VO = 200 mV 25°C 30 VCC at 5 V, GND at –5 V, VO = 0 25°C ±40 ±60 VO = 2.5 V, No load Full range 0.7 1.2 VCC = MAX V, VO = 0.5 V, No load Full range 1 2 mA mA 6.9 Operating Conditions VCC = ±15 V, TA = 25°C TYP UNIT SR Slew rate at unity gain PARAMETER RL = 1 MΩ, CL = 30 pF, VI = ±10 V (see Figure 11) 0.3 V/μs B1 Unity-gain bandwidth RL = 1 MΩ, CL = 20 pF (see Figure 11) 0.7 MHz Vn Equivalent input noise voltage RS = 100 Ω, VI = 0 V, f = 1 kHz (see Figure 12) 40 nV/√Hz http://www.hgsemi.com.cn TEST CONDITIONS 7 2018 AUG LM358 6.10 Typical Characteristics 20 0.36 18 0.34 –55C 0C 125C 14 12 10 8 5Vdc 15Vdc 30Vdc 6 4 0.32 Supply Current (mA) Input Current (nAdc) 16 0.3 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 2 0 –55 –35 –15 5 45 25 65 Temperature (°C) 85 105 0.2 125 0 Figure 1. Input Current vs. Temperature 10 15 20 Supply Voltage (Vdc) 25 30 Figure 2. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage 160 100 CMRR 90 RL=20K RL=2K 140 80 120 70 100 CMRR (dB) Avol Voltage Gain (dB) 5 80 60 60 50 40 30 40 20 20 10 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 V+ Supply Voltage (Vdc) 35 0.1 40 10 100 1000 Frequency (kHz) C001 Figure 4. Common-mode Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency Figure 3. Voltage Gain vs. Supply Voltage 0.50 3.5 VOUT 3.0 0.45 2.5 0.40 Voltage (V) Voltage (V) 1 2.0 1.5 0.35 0.30 1.0 0.25 0.5 VOUT 0.20 0.0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Time (s) 28 32 36 0 40 4 6 Time (s) C001 Figure 5. Voltage Follower Large Signal Response (50 pF) http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 2 8 8 10 C001 Figure 6. Voltage Follower Small Signal Response (50 pF) 2018 AUG LM358 Typical Characteristics (continued) 8 Output Voltage (Vdc) relative to Vcc 20 17.5 Output Swing (Vp-p) 15 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 1 10 100 Frequency (kHz) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.001 1k Figure 7. Maximum Output Swing vs. Frequency (VCC = 15 V) 0.1 1 Output Sink Current (mAdc) 10 100 Figure 8. Output Sourcing Characteristics 90 10 5Vdc 15Vdc 30Vdc 80 Output Current (mAdc) Output Voltage (Vdc) 0.01 1 0.1 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.01 0.001 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 Output Sink Current (mAdc) –55 100 Figure 9. Output Sinking Characteristics http://www.hgsemi.com.cn –35 –15 5 45 25 65 Temperature (°C) 85 105 125 Figure 10. Source Current Limiting 9 2018 AUG LM358 7 Parameter Measurement Information 900 Ω VCC+ VCC+ − VI 100 Ω VO + − VI = 0 V RS VCC− CL RL VO + VCC− Figure 11. Unity-Gain Amplifier http://www.hgsemi.com.cn Figure 12. Noise-Test Circuit 10 2018 AUG LM358 8 Detailed Description 8.1 Overview These devices consist of two independent, high-gain frequency-compensated operational amplifiers designed to operate from a single supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split supplies also is possible if the difference between the two supplies is 3 V to 32 V (3 V to 26 V for the LM2904 device), and VCC is at least 1.5 V more positive than the input common-mode voltage. The low supply-current drain is independent of the magnitude of the supply voltage. Applications include transducer amplifiers, DC amplification blocks, and all the conventional operational amplifier circuits that now can be implemented more easily in single-supply-voltage systems. For example, these devices can be operated directly from the standard 5-V supply used in digital systems and easily can provide the required interface electronics without additional ±5-V supplies. 8.2 Functional Block Diagram VCC+ ≈6-µA Current Regulator ≈100-µA Current Regulator ≈6-µA Current Regulator OUT IN− ≈50-µA Current Regulator IN+ GND (or VCC−) To Other Amplifier COMPONENT COUNT Epi-FET Diodes Resistors Transistors Capacitors http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 11 1 2 7 51 2 2018 AUG LM358 8.3 Feature Description 8.3.1 Unity-Gain Bandwidth The unity-gain bandwidth is the frequency up to which an amplifier with a unity gain may be operated without greatly distorting the signal. These devices have a 0.7-MHz unity-gain bandwidth. 8.3.2 Slew Rate The slew rate is the rate at which an operational amplifier can change its output when there is a change on the input. These devices have a 0.3-V/μs slew rate. 8.3.3 Input Common Mode Range The valid common mode range is from device ground to VCC - 1.5 V (VCC - 2 V across temperature). Inputs may exceed VCC up to the maximum VCC without device damage. At least one input must be in the valid input common mode range for output to be correct phase. If both inputs exceed valid range then output phase is undefined. If either input is less than -0.3 V then input current should be limited to 1mA and output phase is undefined. 8.4 Device Functional Modes These devices are powered on when the supply is connected. This device can be operated as a single supply operational amplifier or dual supply amplifier depending on the application. http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 12 2018 AUG LM358 9 Application and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 9.1 Application Information The LMx58 and LM2904 operational amplifiers are useful in a wide range of signal conditioning applications. Inputs can be powered before VCC for flexibility in multiple supply circuits. 9.2 Typical Application A typical application for an operational amplifier in an inverting amplifier. This amplifier takes a positive voltage on the input, and makes it a negative voltage of the same magnitude. In the same manner, it also makes negative voltages positive. RF Vsup+ RI VOUT + VIN Vsup- Figure 13. Application Schematic 9.2.1 Design Requirements The supply voltage must be chosen such that it is larger than the input voltage range and output range. For instance, this application will scale a signal of ±0.5 V to ±1.8 V. Setting the supply at ±12 V is sufficient to accommodate this application. 9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure Determine the gain required by the inverting amplifier using Equation 1 and Equation 2: (1) (2) Once the desired gain is determined, choose a value for RI or RF. Choosing a value in the kilohm range is desirable because the amplifier circuit will use currents in the milliamp range. This ensures the part will not draw too much current. This example will choose 10 kΩ for RI which means 36 kΩ will be used for RF. This was determined by Equation 3. (3) http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 13 2018 AUG LM358 Typical Application (continued) 9.2.3 Application Curve 2 VIN 1.5 VOUT 1 Volts 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 0 0.5 1 Time (ms) 1.5 2 Figure 14. Input and Output Voltages of the Inverting Amplifier 10 Power Supply Recommendations CAUTION Supply voltages larger than 32 V for a single supply (26 V for the LM2904), or outside the range of ±16 V for a dual supply (±13 V for the LM2904) can permanently damage the device (see the Absolute Maximum Ratings). Place 0.1-μF bypass capacitors close to the power-supply pins to reduce errors coupling in from noisy or high impedance power supplies. For more detailed information on bypass capacitor placement, refer to the Layout. 11 Layout 11.1 Layout Guidelines For best operational performance of the device, use good PCB layout practices, including: • Noise can propagate into analog circuitry through the power pins of the circuit as a whole, as well as the operational amplifier. Bypass capacitors are used to reduce the coupled noise by providing low impedance power sources local to the analog circuitry. – Connect low-ESR, 0.1-μF ceramic bypass capacitors between each supply pin and ground, placed as close to the device as possible. A single bypass capacitor from V+ to ground is applicable for single supply applications. • Separate grounding for analog and digital portions of circuitry is one of the simplest and most-effective methods of noise suppression. One or more layers on multilayer PCBs are usually devoted to ground planes. A ground plane helps distribute heat and reduces EMI noise pickup. Make sure to physically separate digital and analog grounds, paying attention to the flow of the ground current. • To reduce parasitic coupling, run the input traces as far away from the supply or output traces as possible. If it is not possible to keep them separate, it is much better to cross the sensitive trace perpendicular as opposed to in parallel with the noisy trace. • Place the external components as close to the device as possible. Keeping RF and RG close to the inverting input minimizes parasitic capacitance, as shown in Layout Examples. • Keep the length of input traces as short as possible. Always remember that the input traces are the most sensitive part of the circuit. • Consider a driven, low-impedance guard ring around the critical traces. A guard ring can significantly reduce leakage currents from nearby traces that are at different potentials. http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 14 2018 AUG LM358 11.2 Layout Examples Place components close to device and to each other to reduce parasitic errors Run the input traces as far away from the supply lines as possible RF NC NC GND IN1í VCC+ VIN IN1+ OUT VCCí NC VS+ Use low-ESR, ceramic bypass capacitor RG RIN GND Only needed for dual-supply operation GND VS(or GND for single supply) VOUT Ground (GND) plane on another layer Figure 15. Operational Amplifier Board Layout for Noninverting Configuration VIN RIN + RG VOUT RF Figure 16. Operational Amplifier Schematic for Noninverting Configuration http://www.hgsemi.com.cn 15 2018 AUG