ABL/AKL-Series Gear-Tooth Sensors
Block Diagrams
Features
• Wide airgap
• Analog and digital versions
• Large analog peak-to-peak signal
• Single- and dual-bridge versions
• Operating frequency to 1 MHz
• 150 °C operating temperature
• Packages as small as 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm
ABL00x
Applications
Motion, speed, and position sensing
Linear and rotational encoders
Closed-loop servo systems
Automotive sensors
ABL01x
•
•
•
•
VCC
Voltage
Regulator
3.3V
Switching
Current
Source
GMR
Bridge
EEPROM
Description
ABL and AKL-Series Gear-Tooth Sensors are versatile,
wide airgap sensors typically used with ferromagnetic gears
and bias magnets.
Offset
Detector
A
A
Gain
Three standard spacings are available for use with gear
pitches as small as 0.5 mm, to 6 mm or more (0.16 mm to
2 mm module).
Current Level
AKL00x
GND
ABL-Series analog sensors have differential sensor elements
that provide sinusoidal outputs. Single- or dual-bridge
configurations are available. Dual-bridge versions provide
two phase-shifted outputs for A/B phase detection and
absolute position interpolation.
Outputs
V
V
Gear
Rotation
ABL00x
Single-bridge analog sensor
Gear
Rotation
AKL-Series sensors combine a sensor bridge with integrated
signal processing to provide a 50% duty cycle digital output.
Integrated signal processing includes gain and offset
normalization. AKL-Series sensors are configured as twowire devices, where the supply current indicates passing
teeth.
ABL01x
Dual-bridge analog sensor
mA
8
4
Gear Rotation
AKL00x digital gear-tooth sensor
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Absolute Maximum Ratings
ABL-Series Analog Gear-Tooth Sensors
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Supply voltage
30
Storage temperature
−65
170
ESD (Human Body Model)
400
Applied magnetic field
Unlimited
Units
Volts
°C
Volts
Tesla
AKL-Series Digital Gear-Tooth Sensors
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Supply voltage
−60
45
Continuous output current
16
Junction temperature
−40
170
Storage temperature
−65
170
Junction temperature
−40
170
ESD (Human Body Model)
2000
Applied magnetic field
Unlimited
Units
Volts
mA
°C
°C
°C
Volts
Tesla
Operating Specifications
Parameter
Operating temperature
Supply voltage
Resistance
Offset voltage
Non-linearity
Hysteresis
Saturation of GMR sensor elements
Single resistor sensitivity
Maximum output
Resistance temperature coefficient
Operating frequency
ABL-Series Analog Gear-Tooth Sensors
Symbol
Min.
Typ.
Tmin; Tmax
−50
VCC
0
4
5
VO
−4
−18
∆R/mT
TCR
fMAX
0
0.4
80
+0.11
1
Max.
150
30
7
+4
2
Units
°C
V
kΩ
mV/V
%
2
+18
%
mT
%/mT
mV/V
%/°C
MHz
Test Condition
At 25 °C
Unipolar field
sweep through
operating range
No applied field
AKL-Series Digital Gear-Tooth Sensors (Tmin to Tmax; 4.5 V < VCC < 36 V unless otherwise stated)
Parameter
Symbol
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Test Condition
Operating temperature
Tmin; Tmax
−40
150
°C
Supply voltage
VCC
4.5
36
V
Off-state supply current
IOFF
3.4
4
4.8
mA
VCC = 12 V
On-state supply current
ION
7
8
9
Output duty cycle
40
50
60
%
Airgap
AKL001-12E
1
3.5
AKL002-12E
1
2.5
mm
AKL003-12E
1
2
Operating frequency
fMAX
DC
10
kHz
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Operation
Sensor orientation
To align with the axis of sensitivity, sensors should be oriented with the gear teeth perpendicular to the length of the sensor as
shown in Figure 1:
ABL00X-10E
AKL00X-12E
Figure 1. Sensor orientation.
Biasing
To detect gear teeth, a permanent magnet is required to generate a magnetic bias field. The sensor can then detect magnetic field
variations as the gear tooth passes by.
Here are some tips for biasing:
• Because of GT Sensors’ high sensitivity, small, inexpensive Ceramic 8 ferrite magnets can be used
for most applications. Small sensors and magnets allow small circuit boards.
Magnet
• Alnico 8 magnets can be used in high temperature applications.
• When using rare-earth magnets, care should be taken to avoid saturating the sensors.
• Magnets and sensors can be placed on opposite sides of a 1.5 mm thick (0.062 inch) circuit board,
which provides a convenient spacing for many applications (see Figure 2).
PCB
Figure 2. Biasing
magnet.
• The magnet can be glued to the circuit board using high-temperature epoxy adhesive.
• For more precise positioning, a pocket to hold the magnet can be machined into a thicker circuit board.
• If zero speed operation is not required, AC coupling the sensor removes the electrical offset induced by magnetic
imperfections.
Recommended sensor element spacing vs. gear pitch
For ABL00x and AKL00x sensors, the best design margin is when the sensor element spacing is equal to approximately one-half
the gear pitch. For example, this means the one-millimeter pitch ABL004 is ideal for two-millimeter pitch (0.65 mm module) gears.
For ABL01x sensors, the relative phase of the A/B outputs is determined by the ratio of the bridge phase difference and the gear
pitch:
Phase Shift = ( bridge phase shift / gear pitch ) · 360°
As an example, the A/B phase difference for an ABL015 detecting a 1.2 mm gear pitch is equal to (0.25 / 1.2) · 360° = 75°.
Design Support
Check out our free Web application for GT sensor design support:
https://www.nve.com/spec/calculators.php#tabs-GT-Sensor-Output
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Sinusoidal output with rotation
As shown in Figure 3 below, a biasing magnet provides a field, and the magnetic flux lines are deflected into the direction of
sensitivity by passing metal gear teeth. Sensors are placed between the magnet and gear teeth. Thus the sensor produces a
sinusoidal output with one cycle per tooth.
Dual-bridge sensors provide a second bridge output that is out-of-phase with the first sensor.
Bridge
u
u
u
u
u
Magnet
Figure 3. ABL00x output vs. gear rotation.
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Typical outputs
Figures 4 to 6 show typical outputs from each of the three GT Sensor types:
0.3
Output (V)
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
Figure 4. ABL00x output (per tooth + gap)
0.3
Output (V)
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
Figure 5. ABL01x output (per tooth + gap)
Output (mA)
8
6
4
2
0
0
Figure 6. AKL00x output (one pulse/tooth)
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Illustrative Application Circuits
Digital output from analog gear-tooth sensors
A comparator can be used to provide a digital signal corresponding to each gear passing:
0.9 to 5.5 V
Vcc
Vcc
100 nF
OUT+
OUT-
GND
GND
ABL00x Sensor
+
OUT
-
TLV3691
Figure 7. Digital output from an analog sensor.
If zero speed operation is not required, AC coupling the sensor remove offset induced by magnetic imperfections.
Digital Speed and Direction Signals
ABL01x dual-element sensors provide two outputs that can indicate direction of rotation. A dual comparator and flip-flop can
provide direction and speed outputs. Direction is determined by detecting the phasing between the two outputs. The “Speed”
output is one cycle per tooth:
3.3 V
Vcc1
Vcc2
OUT-1
OUT+2 +
OUT+1
OUT-2
D
+
MCP
6542
Q
CLK
100 nF
GND1
ABL01x
GND2
-
Direction
SN74AU
P1G79
Speed
Figure 8. Digital speed and direction signals for gear-tooth sensors.
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AKL sensor typical operation
A single resistor in series with the sensor can detect the digital output. A 100Ω resistor provides a 400 mV peak-to-peak signal.
VCC
6
Voltage
Regulator
3.3V
Switching
Current
Source
GMR
Bridge
Offset
Detector
A
EEPROM
A
Gain
CurrentLevel
Figure 9. AKL sensor test circuit.
5
IOUT
VOUT
GND
Three-Wire Digital Gear-Tooth Sensor
The two-wire AKL-Series can be easily converted to a three-wire interface:
5.2V - 36V
6
2.2K
AKL00112E
2N2222
5
LED
100
Figure 10. Simple three-wire interface.
When the current is 4 mA, the voltage across the 100Ω resistor is 0.4 V, which is not enough to turn on the transistor. With 8 mA,
the transistor turns on. Note that the supply voltage must be at least 5.2 V to provide the sensor’s 4.5 V minimum Vcc. The LED is
optional.
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TTL Output Gear-Tooth Sensor
The circuit below uses a simple comparator (7211 or similar) to convert the 4 to 8 mA AKL supply current to a rail-to-rail
digital output.
5V
Vcc
AKL001
0.1
Gear-
F
82K
Tooth
Sensor
GND
4-8 mA
4
3
5
-
7211
+
1 0-5 V OUT
2
10
1M
1K
Figure 11. TTL output gear-tooth sensor.
The 10Ω series resistor is small enough to ensure the sensor Vcc voltage is above its 4.5 V minimum with a 4.75 to 5.25 V supply.
The 1 KΩ and 82 KΩ resistors set a comparator threshold between 4 and 8 mA, and the 1 MΩ resistor provides hysteresis to
enhance noise immunity.
8
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ABL00X-XXE (single bridge) pinouts
OUT+
Vcc
NC
NC
NC
NC
OUT-
GND
Sensitivity
TDFN6
(-10E suffix)
Direction of
MSOP8
(-00E suffix)
OUT+
Vcc
NC
NC
GND
OUT-
Pin
MSOP8
8
4
1
5
2, 3, 6, 7
TDFN6
6
3
1
4
2, 5
Symbol
VCC
GND
OUT+
OUTNC
Description
Power supply
Ground
Bridge differential output
No internal connection
ABL01X-XXE (dual bridge) pinouts
GND1
VCC2
OUT1-
OUT2+
OUT1+
OUT2-
VCC1
GND2
Sensitivity
TDFN6
(-10E suffix)
Direction of
MSOP8
(-00E suffix)
GND1/
GND2
OUT1-
VCC1/
VCC2
OUT2+
OUT1+
OUT2-
Pin
MSOP8
4
8
1
5
2
3
6
7
TDFN6
6
1
2
3
4
5
Symbol
VCC1
VCC2
GND1
GND2
OUT1−
OUT1+
OUT2−
OUT2+
Description
Bridge 1 power supply
Bridge 2 power supply
Bridge 1 ground
Bridge 2 ground
Bridge 1 differential output
Bridge 2 differential output
OUT1 and OUT2 are A/B phase shifted outputs.
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AKL-Series Pinout
VCC
Voltage
Regulator
BRIDGE
3.3V
Switching
Current
Source
GMR
Bridge
Offset
Detector
A
EEPROM
A
Gain
Current Level
GND
TDFN8
Pin
6
5
4
7
Symbol
VCC
GND
BRIDGE+
BRIDGE-
1, 2, 3, 8
Test
Description
Supply voltage
Ground
Bridge outputs
(leave floating for normal operation)
No connections should be made for
normal operation
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Available Parts
Part No.
ABL004-00E
ABL005-00E
ABL006-00E
ABL014-00E
ABL015-00E
ABL016-00E
ABL004-10E
ABL005-10E
ABL006-10E
ABL014-10E
ABL015-10E
ABL016-10E
Part No.
AKL001-12E
AKL002-12E
AKL003-12E
Single or
Dual
Bridge
Single
Single
Single
Dual
Dual
Dual
Single
Single
Single
Dual
Dual
Dual
Element
Spacing
1 mm
0.5 mm
0.3 mm
1 mm
0.5 mm
0.3 mm
1 mm
0.5 mm
0.3 mm
1 mm
0.5 mm
0.3 mm
ABL-Series Analog Gear-Tooth Sensors
Phase Shift
Between
Recommended Recommended
Bridges
Gear Pitch
Gear Module
NA
1.7 − 6 mm
0.5 − 2 mm
NA
0.8 − 1.7 mm
0.25 − 0.5 mm
NA
0.5 − 0.8 mm
0.16 − 0.25 mm
0.5 mm
1.7 − 6 mm
0.5 − 2 mm
0.25 mm
0.8 − 1.7 mm
0.25 − 0.5 mm
0.15 mm
0.5 − 0.8 mm
0.16 − 0.25 mm
NA
1.7 − 6 mm
0.5 − 2 mm
NA
0.8 − 1.7 mm
0.25 − 0.5 mm
NA
0.5 − 0.8 mm
0.16 − 0.25 mm
0.5 mm
1.7 − 6 mm
0.5 − 2 mm
0.25 mm
0.8 − 1.7 mm
0.25 − 0.5 mm
0.15 mm
0.5 − 0.8 mm
0.16 − 0.25 mm
AKL-Series Digital Gear-Tooth Sensors
Element
Recommended Recommended
Spacing
Gear Pitch
Gear Module
1 mm
1.7 − 6 mm
0.5 − 2 mm
0.5 mm
0.8 − 1.7 mm
0.25 − 0.5 mm
0.3 mm
0.5 − 0.8 mm
0.16 − 0.25 mm
Package
MSOP8
MSOP8
MSOP8
MSOP8
MSOP8
MSOP8
TDFN6
TDFN6
TDFN6
TDFN6
TDFN6
TDFN6
Package
Marking
Code
FDB
FDC
FDL
FDD
FDF
FDM
FDG
FDH
FDN
FDJ
FDK
FDP
Package
TDFN8
TDFN8
TDFN8
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Customer Support
Evaluation and Demonstration Boards
Inexpensive evaluation boards are available for the ABL- and AKL-Series GT sensors.
AG920-07—GT Sensor Evaluation Kit
Evaluate gear tooth sensors for measuring rotational speed with a variety of analog and digital GT Sensors, plus the DD001-12
stand-alone signal processing IC. A variety of PCB configurations are provided so the parts can be tested in different housing and
barrel sizes, including the M8 housing. Biasing magnets are also included.
AG921-07—AKL002 Gear-Tooth Sensor Demonstrator
NVE’s AG921-07 evaluation kit is a self-contained demonstrator for NVE’s unique AKL digital gear tooth sensor. The batterypowered demonstrator (battery included) uses an AKL002 sensor to detect passing gear teeth. The demonstrator also includes a
circuit board with an LED and driver, a biasing magnet, and a gear that can be turned by hand. No assembly required. Dimensions
3" x 3" x 1.5" (75 mm x 75 mm x 38 mm).
Demonstration Videos
NVE uploads regular new product and application demonstrations to Youtube; check out our channel:
www.YouTube.com/NveCorporation
Detecting tiny gear teeth with the ultraprecise ABL006:
youtu.be/brDLly1L6aE
ABL/AKL-Series GT Sensor oscilloscope demonstration:
youtu.be/7R3qPD5lW2w
Handheld AKL002 demonstration:
youtu.be/sAA3ILHs7h4
Application Note
Best practices and design support for NVE GT Sensors:
https://www.nve.com/Downloads/SB-00-103_GT-Sensor-App-Note.pdf
Design Assistance Web-Application
We have a free web-based application to provide design support for ABL Series GT Sensors, including bias magnet selection.
Enter your gear’s dimensions, then choose your sensor, bias magnet, and PCB thickness and view approximate sensor outputs for
your system:
https://www.nve.com/spec/calculators.php#tabs-GT-Sensor-Output
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Bare Circuit Boards and Magnets for Sensors
PCBs
NVE offers several bare circuit boards specially designed for easy connections to GT Sensors. Popular PCBs are shown below
(images are actual size):
2
3
1 8
4 5
7
6
AG915-06:
0.25" (6 mm) octagonal
MSOP8
AG918-06 (standard) / AG919-06 (cross-axis):
2" x 0.25" (50 mm x 6 mm) MSOP8
AG035-06:
1.57" x 0.25" (40 mm x 6 mm) TDFN6
Magnets
NVE offers three standard ferrite disk magnets for use with GT Sensors:
d
t
NVE Part #
12031
Material
C5/Y25
Diameter (d)
8 mm
Thickness (t)
3.2 mm
12216
C5/Y25
6 mm
4 mm
12217
C5/Y25
3.5 mm
4 mm
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Package Drawings
MSOP8 (-00E suffix)
0.114 (2.90)
0.122 (3.10)
0.016 (0.40)
0.027 (0.70)
0.114 (2.90)
0.122 (3.10)
0.189 (4.80)
0.197 (5.00)
0.032 (0.80)
0.043 (1.10)
0.024 (0.60)
0.028 (0.70)
0.005 (0.13)
0.009 (0.23)
0.010 (0.25)
0.016 (0.40)
0.002 (0.05)
0.006 (0.15)
NOTE: Pin spacing is a BASIC
dimension; tolerances
do not accumulate
TDFN6 (-10E suffix)
2.00 ± 0.05
0.80 MAX.
6
4
6
2.50±0.10
1.30±0.05
4
C0.10
PIN 1
ID
1
1
3
3
0.30±0.05
(6X)
2.50 ± 0.10
0.0-0.05
0.30±0.05
0.65 TYP.
(4X)
1.30 REF (2X)
0.20 REF
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TDFN8 (-11E suffix)
PIN 1 INDEX AREA
0.75±0.05
4
4
1
1
6.00 ± 0.20
3.40 ± 0.15
Pin 1 ID
3.90 ± 0.15
5
8
5
5
0.65 ± 0.10 (8x)
4.900 ± 0.20
0.0-0.05 0.40 ± 0.05 (8x)
1.27 Typ. (6x)
3.81REF (2x)
0.75±0.05 MAX
RoHS
COMPLIANT
All soldering profiles per JEDEC J-STD-020C, MSL 1.
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Revision History
SB-00-061-C
November 2019
Change
• Clarified operating recommendations, updated customer support section.
• Added a “Recommended Gear Module” column to the “Available Parts” tables on p. 11.
SB-00-061-B
July 2018
Change
• Added E suffix to all part numbers in available parts table.
SB-00-061-A
March 2017
Change
• Initial datasheet release superseding catalog.
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The information and data provided in datasheets shall define the specification of the product as agreed between NVE and its customer, unless NVE and
customer have explicitly agreed otherwise in writing. All specifications are based on NVE test protocols. In no event however, shall an agreement be
valid in which the NVE product is deemed to offer functions and qualities beyond those described in the datasheet.
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Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NVE does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or
implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information.
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at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to its publication.
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Applications described in this datasheet are illustrative only. NVE makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the
specified use without further testing or modification.
Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications and products using NVE products, and NVE accepts no liability for any
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Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) will cause permanent damage to the
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operating conditions of the datasheet is not warranted. Constant or repeated exposure to limiting values will permanently and irreversibly affect the
quality and reliability of the device.
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In the event that customer uses the product for design-in and use in automotive applications to automotive specifications and standards, customer (a) shall
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product for automotive applications beyond NVE’s specifications such use shall be solely at customer’s own risk, and (c) customer fully indemnifies
NVE for any liability, damages or failed product claims resulting from customer design and use of the product for automotive applications beyond NVE’s
standard warranty and NVE’s product specifications.
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11409 Valley View Road
Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3617 USA
Telephone: (952) 829-9217
www.nve.com
e-mail: sensor-info@nve.com
©NVE Corporation
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November 2019
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NVE Corporation
11409 Valley View Road, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
(952) 829-9217
www.nve.com
www.YouTube.com/NveCorporation
sensor-apps@nve.com
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