PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Single chip 2.4 GHz Transceiver
with Embedded ANT protocol
FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
nRF24AP1
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
Integrated PAN (Personal Area
Network)
Drop in wireless networking with
simple serial interface
2.4GHz Worldwide ISM Band
Ultra-low power (coin cell battery)
Fully scaleable
Broadcast, Acknowledged or Burst
Data
Message rates 0.5Hz -> 200Hz
(8byte data payload)
Burst transfer rates up to 20kbps
(true data throughput)
Public and private networks
1 Mbps RF data rate
125 RF channels
Sensor Networks
Industrial Automation
Home Automation
Sports Monitoring
Simple Networks
Complex
Networks
Independent Networks
Broadcast
Networks
Shared Channel
Networks
ANT by Dynastream
© 2005 all rights reserved
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The nRF24AP1 is an ultra-low power single-chip radio transceiver with embedded ANT
protocol for personal area networks. The transceiver’s RF operating frequency range falls
within the world-wide 2.4 - 2.5 GHz RF ISM band, allowing for regulatory compliance
and product sales into global markets.
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
Parameter
Value
Unit
Minimum supply voltage
Maximum output power
Maximum data rate (over the air)
Temperature range
Sensitivity
Average current consumption as low as
Peak current consumption TX @-5dBm
Peak current consumption RX
Max # of simultaneous connections1
Max # of simultaneous independent 2-way connections
Maximum sustained transfer rate (all data – no overhead)2
CR2032 Battery life in a typical sensor application3
1.9
0
1000
-40 to +85
-80
30
13.5mA for 350us
22mA for 600us
>65000
4
20
5
V
dBm
kbps
°C
dBm
µA
mA
mA
connections
2-way connections
kbps
years
Table 1: nRF24AP1 quick reference data
1
Using Shared Channel Network
Transfer rate refers to data rate of the end application’s message payload
3
Message interval of 2s, 1 hour/day usage
2
Nordic Semiconductor ASA
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
The transceiver consists of the ANT fully integrated protocol engine, frequency
synthesizer, power amplifier, crystal oscillator and modulator, and can be interfaced to a
host micro controller over either a synchronous or asynchronous serial interface.
Designed to run on a wrist-watch coin cell battery, current consumption of the device is
extremely low - a typical sensor application can operate on approximately 30µA average
current consumption. Short, low peak current transitions are battery friendly.
The embedded ANT protocol makes for easy, low cost integration. Eliminating the need
for 3rd party RF protocol implementation, the on-chip ANT protocol combined with the
2.4GHz transceiver enables system and application developers to interact with the
nRF24AP1 as a black box wireless solution. The simple serial interface (asynchronous or
synchronous) to the device allows for flexibility and scalability from ultra-low power
sensors (30µA) through to higher data rate (20kbps) applications implemented in a
multitude of network configurations. Networks can be scaled from as little as two nodes
to thousands. With 232 unique IDs, multiple radio frequencies, public and private network
management and scalable data rates, an unlimited number of network configurations and
applications are possible.
Prior to reading this document, the “ANT Message Protocol and Usage” document should
be read to gain understanding of the ANT protocol capabilities.
REFERENCES
Ref. No.
1
Doc. No.
D00000794
2
D00000652
Revision
1.0
1.36
Title
Interfacing with ANT General Purpose Chipset and Modules
(Part of nRF24AP1 Specification)
ANT Message Protocol and Usage
Table 2 nRF24AP1 referenced documents
For more information see: www.nordicsemi.no
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FEATURES.....................................................................................................................................................1
APPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................................................1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................1
QUICK REFERENCE DATA.........................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................3
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................................................................................................4
2. PIN FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................................................................5
3. PIN ASSIGNMENT ................................................................................................................................5
4. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................6
5. PACKAGE OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................7
5.1 Package marking: ..............................................................................................................................9
6. ORDERING INFORMATION................................................................................................................9
7. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS...................................................................................................10
8. ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW........................................................................................................12
9. ANT INTERFACE ................................................................................................................................13
9.1 Physical Layer – Serial Interfacing .................................................................................................13
9.2 ANT Message Summary .................................................................................................................13
9.3 32kHz Clock Signal (EXT32K) ......................................................................................................13
9.4 Message Summary ..........................................................................................................................14
10.
APPLICATION SPECIFIC CURRENT CONSUMPTION............................................................15
11.
PERIPHERAL RF INFORMATION ..............................................................................................16
11.1
Antenna output ...........................................................................................................................16
11.2
Output Power adjustment ...........................................................................................................16
11.3
Crystal Specification...................................................................................................................16
11.4
Sharing crystal with micro controller .........................................................................................17
11.5
Crystal parameters: .....................................................................................................................17
11.6
Input crystal amplitude & Current consumption ........................................................................17
11.7
PCB layout and de-coupling guidelines......................................................................................18
11.8
Reflow information ....................................................................................................................19
12.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE...........................................................................................................20
12.1
nRF24AP1 with single ended matching network .......................................................................20
12.2
PCB layout example ...................................................................................................................22
13.
DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................23
13.1
Nordic Semiconductor ASA – World Wide Distributors ...........................................................25
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
VSS=0V
VSS=0V
VSS=0V
VSS=0V
VDD=3V
VDD=3V
VDD=3V
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DVDD
1.
XC1
EXT32K
Timing
XC2
PORTSEL
VSS_PA=0V
BR2 / SCLK
VDD_PA=1.8V
BR1 / SFLOW
SUSPEND / SRDY
SLEEP / SMSGRDY
RTS / SEN
UART
or
Synchronous
Serial
Interface
ANT1
1 Mbps
RF
Transceiver
ANT
Protocol
Engine
100Ω+j175Ω
ANT2
RXD / SIN
TXD / SOUT
IREF
22kΩ
Figure 1: nRF24AP1 with external components.
The “ANT Protocol Engine” shown in Figure 1 is described in the “ANT Message
Protocol and Usage” document.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
2.
PIN FUNCTIONS
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Name
Pin function
Description
BR2 / SCLK
BR1 / SFLOW
EXT32K
RXD / SIN
TXD / SOUT
Digital IO
Digital Input
Digital Input
Digital Input
Digital Output
Asynchronous baud rate select / Synchronous clock signal
Asynchronous baud rate select / Synch. Bit or byte flow select
Optional External 32kHz clock, tied to GND when not used
Asynchronous UART receive data / Synchronous receive data
Asynchronous UART transmit data / Synchronous transmit data
SLEEP / SMSGRDY
Digital Input
Asynchronous sleep enable / Synchronous message ready signal
SUSPEND / SRDY
Digital Input
Asynchronous suspend control / Synchronous port ready signal
8
RTS / SEN
Digital Output
Asynchronous flow control RTS /Synchronous serial enable
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
DVDD
VSS
XC2
XC1
VDD_PA
ANT1
ANT2
VSS_PA
VDD
VSS
IREF
VSS
VDD
VSS
PORTSEL
VDD
Power Output
Power
Analog Output
Analog Input
Power Output
RF
RF
Power
Power
Power
Analog Input
Power
Power
Power
Digital Input
Power
Positive Digital Supply output for de-coupling purposes
Ground (0V)
Crystal Pin 2
Crystal Pin 1
Power Supply (+1.8V) to Power Amplifier
Antenna interface 1
Antenna interface 2
Ground (0V)
Power Supply (+3V DC)
Ground (0V)
Reference current
Ground (0V)
Power Supply (+3V DC)
Ground (0V)
Asynchronous / Synchronous port selection
Power Supply (+3V DC)
Table 3: nRF24AP1 pin function
3.
PIN ASSIGNMENT
VDD
24
BR2 /
SCLK
1
BR1 /
SFLOW
2
EXT32K
RXD /
SIN
TXD /
SOUT
SLEEP /
SMSGRDY
PORTSEL VSS
23
22
VDD
VSS
IREF
21
20
19
18
VSS
17
VDD
3
16
VSS_PA
4
15
ANT2
5
14
ANT1
6
13
VDD_PA
nRF24AP1
QFN24 5x5
7
8
SUSPEND / RTS /
SEN
SRDY
9
10
11
12
DVDD
VSS
XC2
XC1
Figure 2: nRF24AP1 pin assignment (top view) for a QFN24 5x5 package.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
4.
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Conditions: VDD = +3V, VSS = 0V, TA = - 40ºC to + 85ºC
Symbol
Parameter (condition)
Operating conditions
Notes
VDD
TEMP
Supply voltage
Operating Temperature
VIH
VIL
HIGH level input voltage
LOW level input voltage
VOH
VOL
HIGH level output voltage (IOH=-0.5mA)
LOW level output voltage (IOL=0.5mA)
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
1.9
-40
3.0
+27
3.6
+85
V
ºC
0.7VDD
VSS
VDD
0.3VDD
V
V
VDD- 0.3
VSS
VDD
0.3
V
V
Digital input pin
Digital output pin
Crystals and clocks
fXTAL
fXTAL-OFFSET
fEXT32K
fEXT32K-ERROR
RF Crystal frequency
RF Crystal offset (Initial, Temp & Aging)
EXT32K – external 32.768kHz clock
Maximum error for 32.768kHz clock
16
30
32.768
50
MHz
PPM
kHz
PPM
Synchronous Serial Timing
sclk freq.
tReadValid
tWriteValid
Synchronous clock frequency (byte mode)
Data is valid on read before low to high
transition on the clock (byte mode)
Data must be valid on write within this time
after a high to low transition on the clock
(byte mode)
150-175
kHz
µs
0.5
2
µs
tSRDY_MinLow
Minimum SRDY low time
2.5
µs
tReset
Synchronous Reset. SRDY falling edge to
250
µs
SMSGRDY falling edge
General RF conditions
fOP
FCHANNEL
∆f
Operating frequency
Channel spacing
Frequency deviation
1)
IIdle
IPeak
IPeakTX
No active channels – No communications
Peak Current consumption, RX
Peak Current – TX @ 0dBm
2400
1
±156
2524
MHz
MHz
kHz
2
22
16
µA
mA
mA
Current Consumption
2)
3)
Transmitter operation
PRF
PRFC
PRFCR
PBW
PRF2
PRF3
IVDD
IVDD
Maximum Output Power
RF Power Control Range
RF Power Control Range Resolution
20dB Bandwidth for Modulated Carrier
2nd Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 2MHz
3rd Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 3MHz
Supply peak current @ 0dBm output power
Supply peak current @ -20dBm output power
4)
4)
4)
16
13
dBm
dB
dB
kHz
dBm
dBm
mA
mA
4)
22
-80
10/4
-20/0
-37/-20
-43/-30
mA
dBm
dB
dB
dB
dB
16
0
20
+4
±3
1000
-20
-40
Receiver operation
IVDD
RXSENS
C/ICO
C/I1ST
C/I2ND
C/I3RD
1)
2)
3)
4)
Supply peak current receive mode
Sensitivity at 0.1%BER (@1000kbps)
C/I Co-channel
1st Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 1MHz
2nd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 2MHz
3rd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 3MHz
Usable band is determined by local regulations
Time of Maximum Current consumption in RX is typical 600us and maximum 1ms
Time of Maximum TX Only Current is typical 400us and maximum 400us.
Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω
Table 4: nRF24AP1 RF specifications
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
5.
PACKAGE OUTLINE
nRF24AP1 uses the QFN24 5x5 package, with matt tin plating.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
Package Type
SAW
QFN24 (5x5)
Min
Typ
Max
A
0.8
0.85
0.90
A1
0.00
0.02
0.05
A3
0.20
REF.
K
0.20
MIN.
D/E
5.0
BSC
e
0.65
BSC
D2/E2
3.50
3.60
3.70
L
0.35
0.40
0.45
b
0.25
0.30
0.35
Figure 3 nRF24AP1 package outline.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
5.1
n
2
Y
Package marking:
R F
B
4 A P 1
Y W W L
X
L
Abbreviations:
B
– Build Code, i.e. unique code for production sites,
package type and test platform
X
– "X" grade, i.e. Engineering Samples (optional)
YY
– 2 digit Year number
WW
– 2 digit Week number
LL
6.
– 2 letter wafer lot number code
ORDERING INFORMATION
Ordering code
nRF24AP1-REEL
nRF24AP1-REEL7
nRF24AP1
nRF24AP1-EVKIT
Description
1 Mbps Transmitter
1 Mbps Transmitter
1 Mbps Transmitter
4 node evaluation and
development kit
Package
24 pin QFN 5x5
24 pin QFN 5x5
24 pin QFN 5x5
N/A
Container
Tape and reel5
Tape and reel5
Tray
N/A
MOQ4
4000
1500
490
1
Table 5 nRF24AP1 ordering information
4
5
MOQ = Minimum order quantity
Moisture Sensitivity Level: MSL2@260ºC, three times reflow
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
7.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply voltages
VDD............................- 0.3V to + 3.6V
VSS .................................................. 0V
Input voltage
VI ....................... - 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V
Output voltage
VO .................................. - 0.3V to VDD
Total Power Dissipation
PD (TA=85°C) ............................. 90mW
Temperatures
Operating Temperature…. - 40°C to + 85°C
Storage Temperature….… - 40°C to + 125°C
Note: Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage
to the device.
ATTENTION!
Electrostatic Sensitive Device
Observe Precaution for handling.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
Glossary of Terms
Term
Description
Acknowledged Data
Data for which the transmitter receives an acknowledgement
from the receiver
Ultra-low power embedded RF protocol
Default transmission type. Data sent on every time slot
Bulk data transmission between two nodes
Basic building block of ANT. Connects two devices together
Device ID – Identifier for the master end of the channel
Device Number is a subcomponent of Device ID, uniquely
identifying this device
Device Type is a subcomponent of Device ID, uniquely
identifying the type of this device
Data transmission from Master to Slave on a channel
Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
The MCU which interfaces and controls the nRF24AP1
Industrial-Scientific-Medical
Industrial, Scientific and Medical Band
Manufacturer ID is a subcomponent of Device ID, uniquely
identifying the manufacturer of this device
Primary transmitter of the ANT network channel
Micro controller unit
Number of messages per second sent over a channel
User portion of a data packet. Each data packet contains a
payload of 8 bytes.
Data packet sent over a channel from one device to another
A group of ANT nodes connected together via channels
forms a network in which the nodes may communicate with
one another
An application running on a host controller connected to an
nRF24AP1, which communicates with other ANT nodes.
The process in which a Slave obtains the Master’s ID in order
to establish communications.
Data transmission from Slave to Master on a channel
The on air data rate. This rate is 1Mbps.
RF Frequency used for communications. The nRF24AP1 can
be configured to one of 125 different RF frequencies.
Receive
Primary receiver of the ANT network channel
Transmit
ANT
Broadcast Data
Burst Data
Channel
Device ID
Device Number
Device Type
Forward Channel
GFSK
HOST MCU
ISM
ISM Band
Manufacturer ID
Master
MCU
Message Data rate
Message Payload
Message
Networks
Node
Pairing
Reverse Channel
RF data rate
RF Frequency
RX
Slave
TX
Table 6: Glossary
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
8.
ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
The nRF24AP1 is a single-chip silicon solution that integrates a 2.4GHz transceiver and
the ANT RF protocol stack. The ANT protocol stack is stored on-chip and is executed by
the nRF24AP1’s internal MCU core.
Functionally, the nRF24AP1 is composed of 4 main building blocks as shown in Figure
1. Together, the 4 blocks enable the drop-in RF and protocol solution. As shown, the 4
main blocks are the serial interface, the timing interface, the ANT protocol engine, and
the RF transceiver. Both the ANT protocol engine and the RF transceiver are embedded
within the device and interact with the external host environment through a UART or
synchronous serial interface. This functional approach allows the nRF24AP1 to be treated
as a black box wireless solution from the system application perspective. Integration of an
RF protocol with the RF physical layer is not required. Application developers provides
channel configuration and message data information to the device through the serial
interface, and the nRF24AP1 executes the configuration and sends/receives the message
data packets over the air to other waiting devices.
ANT is a 2.4GHz bidirectional wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) communications
technology optimized for transferring low data-rate, low latency data between multiple
ANT-enabled devices. The ultra-low power consumption of ANT guarantees an extended
battery life even from low capacity supplies such as a coin cell battery, such as are
required for heart rate monitors, bicycle computers, and wrist watches. The small size and
low-cost implementation of ANT proves essential in allowing effortless integration into
the tiny form factor of wrist watches, PDAs, and mobile phones.
The ANT – HOST interface has been designed with utmost simplicity in mind so that it
can be easily and quickly implemented into new devices and applications. The
encapsulation of the wireless protocol complexity within the ANT chipset vastly reduces
the burden on the application host controller, allowing a low-cost 4-bit or 8-bit
Microcontroller (MCU) to establish and maintain complex wireless networks with remote
devices. Data transfers can be scheduled in a deterministic or ad-hoc fashion, and a burst
mode allows for the efficient transfer of large amounts of stored data to and from a PC or
other computing device. The ANT system aggressively balances functionality, cost, size,
and power consumption within the constraints of a mobile Personal Area Network.
The ANT protocol implements layers 1-4 of the OSI networking stack as well as
automatically providing session authentication of network devices. For description of
layer 3 and 4, please refer to the “ANT Message Protocol and Usage” document.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
9.
9.1
ANT INTERFACE
Physical Layer – Serial Interfacing
The ANT serial interface between host controller and nRF24AP1 can be implemented
over either a synchronous or asynchronous connection, which can be selected by the
product developer as preferred for a given implementation. The precise details of the
physical connections and signaling can be found in the ‘Interfacing with ANT General
Purpose Chipsets and Modules’ document.
9.2
ANT Message Summary
The table in Section 9.4 summarizes the message types employed between the host
controller and the nRF24AP1, which are used to establish and maintain RF connections to
remote devices. Further details of the message fields and data contents can be found in the
‘ANT Message Protocol and Usage’ document.
9.3
32kHz Clock Signal (EXT32K)
A 32.768kHz clock signal may optionally be provided to the nRF24AP1. If this signal is
not used, it must be connected to ground. Please see the electrical specification section for
external clock specifications. Use of an external clock is recommended for power
sensitive applications. The nRF24AP1 automatically detects the presence of an external
clock source upon power up. In order to avoid timing issues between when the external
clock source becomes present, and when the nRF24AP1 samples for this signal, it is
recommended that a SystemReset (see Message Summary table below) command is
issued to the nRF24AP1 upon initial connection. This will ensure that the external clock
is properly detected and used. Once the EXT32K signal has been provided on power up
it must remain present as long as the nRF24AP1 remains powered up.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
9.4
Message Summary
Class
Type
ANT PC Interface Function
Channel
Event
Messages
Channel
Response
/ Event
Channel
Status
Channel
ID
ANT
Version
->ChannelEventFunc(Chan,
MessageCode) or
->ResponseFunc(Chan, MsgID);
Requested
Response
Messages
Config.
Messages
Test Mode
Control
Messages
Data
Messages
Response
-
From
Len
Msg
ID
Data
1
Data
2
Data
3
ANT
3
0x40
Channel
Number
Message
ID
Message
Code
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Status
Device
Number
Ver0
Ver1
Max
Networks
Channel
Type
Device
Number
Messaging
Period
Search
Timeout
RF
Frequency
Key 0
TX
Power
Network
Number
->ResponseFunc(Chan,0x52)
-
ANT
2
0x52
->ResponseFunc(Chan,0x51)
-
ANT
5
0x51
->ResponseFunc(-, 0x3D)
-
ANT
9
0x3D
ANT_SetChannelRFFreq()
Yes
HOST
2
0x45
ANT_SetNetworkKey()
Yes
HOST
9
0x46
Max
Channels
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Net #
ANT_SetTransmitPower()
Yes
HOST
2
0x47
0
ANT_InitCWTestMode()
Yes
HOST
1
0x53
0
CW Test
ANT_SetCWTestMode()
Yes
HOST
3
0x48
0
SystemReset
Open
Channel
Close
Channel
Request
Message
Broadcast
Data
Acknowledge
Data
Burst
Transfer
Data
ANT_ResetSystem()
No
HOST
1
0x4A
ANT_OpenChannel()
Yes
HOST
1
0x4B
ANT_CloseChannel()
Yes
HOST
1
0x4C
ANT_RequestMessage()
Yes
HOST
2
0x4D
9
0x4E
9
0x4F
9
0x50
0
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Channel
Number
Sequence/
Channel
Number
Capabilities
->ResponseFunc(-, 0x54)
Unassign
Channel
Assign
Channel
Channel
ID
Channel
Period
Search
Timeout
Channel RF
Frequency
Set Network
Transmit
Power
CW Init
ANT_UnAssignChannel()
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ANT
4
0x54
Yes
HOST
1
0x41
Yes
HOST
3
0x42
ANT_SetChannelID()
Yes
HOST
5
0x51
ANT_SetChannelPeriod()
Yes
HOST
3
0x43
ANT_SetChannelSearchTimeout()
Yes
HOST
2
0x44
ANT_AssignChannel()
ANT_SendBroadcastData()
->ChannelEventFunc(Chan, EV)
ANT_SendAcknowledgedData()
->ChannelEventFunc(Chan, EV)
ANT_SendBurstTransferPacket()
->ChannelEventFunc(Chan, EV)
No
ANT/
HOST
ANT/
HOST
No
ANT/
HOST
No
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TX
Power
Data
4
Data
5
Device
Type ID
Man ID
Ver2
Ver3
Ver4
Standard
Options
Advanced
Options
Key 1
Data
6
Data
7
Data
8
Data
9
Ver5
Ver6
Ver7
Ver8
Device
Type ID
Man ID
Key 2
Key 3
Key 4
Key 5
Key 6
Key 7
RF Freq
Message
ID
Data0
Data1
Data2
Data3
Data4
Data5
Data6
Data7
Data0
Data1
Data2
Data3
Data4
Data5
Data6
Data7
Data0
Data1
Data2
Data3
Data4
Data5
Data6
Data7
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
10.
APPLICATION SPECIFIC CURRENT CONSUMPTION
Typ.
Units
IIdle
ISuspend
IBase-Ext
IBase-Int
IPeak
IPeakTX
Symbol Parameter (condition)
No active channels – No communications
Asynchronous suspend Activated
Active base current when EXT32K used
Active base current with no EXT32K
Peak Current consumption, RX
Peak Current – TX @ 0dBm
2
2
35
75
22
16
µA
µA
µA
µA
mA
mA
IRX_ByteSync
IRX_BitSync
IRX_50k
IRX_38.4k
IRX_19.2k
IRX_4800
Average Current / RX message
Average Current / RX message
Average Current / RX message
Average Current / RX message
Average Current / RX message
Average Current / RX message
byte sync
bit sync
50Kbaud async
38.4Kbaud async
19.2Kbaud async
4800baud async
19
29
21
24
32
85
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
ITX_ByteSync
ITX_BitSync
ITX_50k
ITX_38.4k
ITX_19.2k
ITX_4800
Average Current / TX message
Average Current / TX message
Average Current / TX message
Average Current / TX message
Average Current / TX message
Average Current / TX message
byte sync
bit sync
50Kbaud async
38.4Kbaud async
19.2Kbaud async
4800baud async
11
26
19
21
37
119
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
ITR_ByteSync
ITR_BitSync
ITR_50k
ITR_38.4k
ITR_19.2k
ITR_4800
Average Current / bi-directional TX message
Average Current / bi-directional TX message
Average Current / bi-directional TX message
Average Current / bi-directional TX message
Average Current / bi-directional TX message
Average Current / bi-directional TX message
26
38
33
35
49
131
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
IARX_ByteSync
IARX_BitSync
IARX_50k
IARX_38.4k
IARX_19.2k
IARX_4800
Average Current / Acknowledged RX message
Average Current / Acknowledged RX message
Average Current / Acknowledged RX message
Average Current / Acknowledged RX message
Average Current / Acknowledged RX message
Average Current / Acknowledged RX message
byte sync
bit sync
50Kbaud async
38.4Kbaud async
19.2Kbaud async
4800baud async
28
51
38
42
48
102
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
IATX_ByteSync
IATX_BitSync
IATX_50k
IATX_38.4k
IATX_19.2k
IATX_4800
Average Current / Acknowledged TX message
Average Current / Acknowledged TX message
Average Current / Acknowledged TX message
Average Current / Acknowledged TX message
Average Current / Acknowledged TX message
Average Current / Acknowledged TX message
byte sync
bit sync
50Kbaud async
38.4Kbaud async
19.2Kbaud async
4800baud async
37
55
47
50
70
146
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
IAve
IAve
IAve
IAve
IAve
Broadcast TX@ 0.5Hz byte sync,EXT32K
Broadcast TX @ 2 Hz byte sync,EXT32K
Broadcast RX @ 0.5Hz byte sync,EXT32K
Acknowledged TX@ 0.5 Hz byte sync,EXT32K
Acknowledged RX@ 0.5 Hz byte sync,EXT32K
30
52
34
43
38
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
IAve
IAve
IAve
IAve
IAve
Burst continuous @ 20 kbps, byte synchronous
Burst continuous @ 7.5 kbps, bit synchronous
Burst continuous @ 20 kbps, asynchronous (50k)
Burst continuous @ 13. kbps, asynchronous (38.4k)
Burst continuous @ 8.5 kbps, asynchronous (19.2k)
4.92
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.85
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
byte sync
bit sync
50Kbaud async
38.4Kbaud async
19.2Kbaud async
4800baud async
Table 7: Application specific current consumption
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
11.
PERIPHERAL RF INFORMATION
11.1
Antenna output
The ANT1 & ANT2 output pins provide a balanced RF output to the antenna. The pins
must have a DC path to VDD, either via a RF choke or via the center point in a dipole
antenna. A load of 100Ω+j175Ω between the ANT1/ANT2 is recommended for
maximum output power (0dBm). Lower load impedance (for instance 50 Ω) can be
obtained by fitting a simple matching network.
11.2
Output Power adjustment
RF output power
Peak current
consumption
0 dBm ±3dB
16.0 mA
-5 dBm ±3dB
13.5 mA
-10 dBm ±3dB
12.5 mA
-20 dBm ±3dB
12 mA
Conditions: VDD = 3.0V, VSS = 0V, TA = 27ºC, Load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω.
Table 8: RF output power setting for the nRF24AP1
11.3
Crystal Specification
Tolerance includes initially accuracy and tolerance over temperature and aging.
Frequency
16
CL
12pF
ESR
100 Ω
C0max
Tolerance
7.0pF
±50ppm
Table 9: Crystal specification of the nRF24AP1
To achieve a crystal oscillator solution with low power consumption and fast start-up
time, it is recommended to specify the crystal with a low value of crystal load
capacitance. Specifying CL=12pF is OK, but it is possible to use up to 16pF. Specifying a
lower value of crystal parallel equivalent capacitance, C0 will also work, but this can
increase the price of the crystal itself. Typically C0=1.5pF at a crystal specified for
C0max=7.0pF.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
11.4
Sharing crystal with micro controller
When using a micro controller to drive the crystal reference input XC1 of the nRF24AP1
transceiver some rules must be followed.
11.5
Crystal parameters:
When the micro controller drives the nRF24AP1 clock input, the requirement of load
capacitance CL is set by the micro controller only. The frequency accuracy of ±50 ppm is
still required to get a functional radio link. The nRF24AP1 will load the crystal by 0.5pF
at XC1 in addition to the PBC routing.
11.6
Input crystal amplitude & Current consumption
The input signal should not have amplitudes exceeding any rail voltage, but any DCvoltage within this is OK. Exceeding rail voltage will excite the ESD structure and the
radio performance is degraded below specification. If testing the nRF24AP1 with a RF
source with no DC offset as the reference source, the input signal will go below the
ground level, which is not acceptable.
XO_OUT
Buffer:
Sine to
full swing
Amplitude
controlled
current source
Current starved
inverter:
XOSC core
Vdd
Vdd
Vss
Vss
ESD
ESD
XC1
XC2
Figure 4: Principle of crystal oscillator
It is recommended to use a DC-block before the XC1 pin so that the internal ESD
structures will self bias the XC1 voltage.
The nRF24AP1 crystal oscillator is amplitude regulated. To achieve low current
consumption and also good signal-to-noise ratio, it is recommended to use an input signal
larger than 0.4 V-peak. The needed input swing is independent of the crystal frequency.
When clocking the nRF24AP1 externally, XC2 is not used and can be left as an open pin.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
11.7
PCB layout and de-coupling guidelines
A well-designed PCB is necessary to achieve good RF performance. Keep in mind that a
poor layout may lead to loss of performance, or even functionality, if due care is not
taken. A fully qualified RF-layout for the nRF24AP1 and its surrounding components,
including matching networks, can be downloaded from www.nordicsemi.no.
A PCB with a minimum of two layers including a ground plane is recommended for
optimum performance. The nRF24AP1 DC supply voltage should be de-coupled as close
as possible to the VDD pins with high performance RF capacitors, see Table 10. It is
preferable to mount a large surface mount capacitor (e.g. 4.7µF tantalum) in parallel with
the smaller value capacitors. The nRF24AP1 supply voltage should be filtered and routed
separately from the supply voltages of any digital circuitry.
Long power supply lines on the PCB should be avoided. All device grounds, VDD
connections and VDD bypass capacitors must be connected as close as possible to the
nRF24AP1 IC. For a PCB with a topside RF ground plane, the VSS pins should be
connected directly to the ground plane. For a PCB with a bottom ground plane, the best
technique is to have via holes as close as possible to the VSS pads. One via hole should
be used for each VSS pin.
Full swing digital data or control signals should not be routed close to the crystal or the
power supply lines.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
11.8
Reflow information
Figure 5 Reflow Soldering profile, GREEN
Ramp rate (RT-150ºC)
Pre-heat (150-200ºC)
Dwell @217ºC
Dwell @245ºC
Ramp up
Ramp down
Peak temperature
Time from RT to PT
Nordic Semiconductor ASA
Revision: 1.0
1.38 ºC/s
134 s
50 s
10 s
1.42 ºC/s
2.59 ºC/s
257 ºC
320 s
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
12.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE
12.1
nRF24AP1 with single ended matching network
VDD
C5
1nF
R2
22K
24
23
22
21
20
19
C6
10nF
VDD
PORTSEL
VSS
VDD
VSS
IREF
U1
PORTSEL
BR2/SCLK
BR1/SFLOW
EXT32K
RXD/SIN
TXD/SOUT
SLEEP
SUSPEND
RTS/SEN
BR2/SCLK nRF24AP1
BR1/SFLOW
EXT32K
RXD/SIN
TXD/SOUT
SLEEP
18
17
16
15
14
13
VSS
VDD
VSS_PA
ANT2
ANT1
VDD_PA
5.6nH
C10
L1
3.3nH
C4
2.2nF
C3
4.7pF
C11
L3
5.6nH
SUSPEND
RTS/SEN
DVDD
VSS
XC2
XC1
1
2
3
4
5
6
L4
C9
1.0pF
RF I/O
2.2pF
4.7pF
L2
C8
1.0pF
10nH
7
8
9
10
11
12
NRF24AP1
X1
C7
33nF
R1
16 MHz
1M
C1
22pF
C2
22pF
Figure 6: nRF24AP1 schematic for RF layouts with single end 50Ω antenna
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
Component
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
R1
R2
U1
X1
L1
L2
L3
L4
C8
C9
C10
C11
Description
Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO
Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO
Capacitor ceramic, 50V, NPO
Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R
Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R
Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R
Capacitor ceramic, 50V, X7R
Resistor
Resistor
nRF24AP1 transceiver
Crystal, CL = 12pF,
ESR < 100 ohm
Inductor
Inductor
Inductor
Inductor
Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0
Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0
Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0
Ceramic capacitor, 50V, NP0
Size
Value
Tolerance
Units
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
QFN24 / 5x5
LxWxH =
4.0x2.5x0.8
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
0603
22
22
4.7
2.2
1.0
10
33
1.0
22
nRF24AP1
16
±5%
±5%
±5%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±10%
±1%
pF
pF
pF
nF
nF
nF
nF
MΩ
kΩ
+/- 50 ppm
MHz
3.3
10
5.6
5.6
1.0
1.0
2.2
4.7
± 5%
± 5%
± 5%
± 5%
± 0.1 pF
± 0.1 pF
± 0.25 pF
± 0.25 pF
nH
nH
nH
nH
pF
pF
pF
pF
Table 10: Recommended components (BOM) in nRF24AP1 with antenna matching
network
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
12.2
PCB layout example
Figure 7 shows a PCB layout example for the application schematic in Figure 6.
A double-sided FR-4 board of 1.6mm thickness is used. This PCB has a ground plane on
the bottom layer. Additionally, there are ground areas on the component side of the board
to ensure sufficient grounding of critical components. A large number of via holes
connect the top layer ground areas to the bottom layer ground plane.
No components in bottom layer
Top silk screen
Top view
Bottom view
Figure 7: nRF24AP1 RF layout with single ended connection to 50Ω antenna and 0603
size passive components
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
13.
DEFINITIONS
Data sheet status
Objective product specification
Preliminary product
specification
Product specification
This data sheet contains target specifications for product development.
This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be
published from Nordic Semiconductor ASA later.
This data sheet contains final product specifications. Nordic Semiconductor
ASA reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to
improve design and supply the best possible product.
Limiting values
Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress
ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the
Specifications sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may
affect device reliability.
Application information
Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.
Table 11: Definitions
Nordic Semiconductor ASA reserves the right to make changes without further notice to
the product to improve reliability, function or design. Nordic Semiconductor ASA does
not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuits
described herein.
LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems
where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal
injury. Nordic Semiconductor ASA customers using or selling these products for use in
such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Nordic
Semiconductor ASA for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.
Preliminary Product Specification: Revision Date: 05.09.2006.
Data sheet order code: 050906-nRF24AP1
All rights reserved ®. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior
written permission of the copyright holder.
ANT is a trademark of Dynastream Innovations Inc.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
YOUR NOTES
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
nRF24AP1 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver with Embedded ANT Protocol
13.1
Nordic Semiconductor ASA – World Wide Distributors
For Your nearest dealer, please see http://www.nordicsemi.no
Main Office:
Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway
Phone: +47 72 89 89 00, Fax: +47 72 89 89 89
Visit the Nordic Semiconductor ASA website at http://www.nordicsemi.no
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