Smartcat (BL2100)
C-Programmable Single-Board Computer with Ethernet
and Operator Interface
User’s Manual
019–0103_M
Smartcat (BL2100) User’s Manual
Part Number 019-0103 •
Printed in U.S.A.
©2001–2010 Digi International Inc. • All rights reserved.
Digi International reserves the right to make changes and
improvements to its products without providing notice.
Trademarks
Rabbit, RabbitCore, and Dynamic C are registered trademarks of Digi International Inc.
Rabbit 2000 is a trademark of Digi International Inc.
The latest revision of this manual is available on the Rabbit Web site, www.rabbit.com,
for free, unregistered download.
Digi8 International Inc.
www.rabbit.com
Smartcat (BL2100)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Introduction
1
1.1 BL2100 Description..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 BL2100 Features...................................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Connector Options ........................................................................................................................2
1.3 Optional Add-Ons.................................................................................................................................3
1.4 Development and Evaluation Tools......................................................................................................4
1.4.1 Tool Kit .........................................................................................................................................4
1.4.2 Software ........................................................................................................................................5
1.4.3 Online Documentation ..................................................................................................................5
1.5 CE Compliance .....................................................................................................................................6
1.5.1 Design Guidelines .........................................................................................................................7
1.5.2 Interfacing the BL2100 to Other Devices .....................................................................................7
Chapter 2. Getting Started
9
2.1 BL2100 Connections ............................................................................................................................9
2.2 Installing Dynamic C ..........................................................................................................................14
2.3 Starting Dynamic C ............................................................................................................................15
2.4 Run a Sample Program .......................................................................................................................15
2.4.1 Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................................15
2.5 Where Do I Go From Here? ...............................................................................................................16
2.5.1 Technical Support .......................................................................................................................16
Chapter 3. Subsystems
17
3.1 BL2100 Pinouts ..................................................................................................................................18
3.1.1 Headers and Screw Terminals.....................................................................................................19
3.2 Digital I/O ...........................................................................................................................................20
3.2.1 Digital Inputs...............................................................................................................................20
3.2.2 Digital Outputs ............................................................................................................................21
3.3 Serial Communication ........................................................................................................................23
3.3.1 RS-232 ........................................................................................................................................23
3.3.2 RS-485 ........................................................................................................................................23
3.3.3 Ethernet Port ...............................................................................................................................26
3.3.4 Programming Port .......................................................................................................................27
3.4 Programming Cable ............................................................................................................................28
3.4.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode ....................................................................28
3.5 A/D Converter Inputs..........................................................................................................................29
3.6 D/A Converter Outputs .......................................................................................................................30
3.7 Analog Reference Voltage Circuit......................................................................................................31
3.8 Memory...............................................................................................................................................32
3.8.1 SRAM .........................................................................................................................................32
3.8.2 Flash Memory .............................................................................................................................32
3.9 Other Hardware...................................................................................................................................33
3.9.1 External Interrupts.......................................................................................................................33
3.9.2 Clock Doubler .............................................................................................................................34
3.9.3 Spectrum Spreader ......................................................................................................................34
User’s Manual
Chapter 4. Software
35
4.1 Running Dynamic C........................................................................................................................... 35
4.1.1 Upgrading Dynamic C................................................................................................................ 37
4.1.2 Extras.......................................................................................................................................... 37
4.2 Sample Programs................................................................................................................................ 38
4.2.1 Digital I/O................................................................................................................................... 38
4.2.2 Serial Communication ................................................................................................................ 38
4.2.3 A/D Converter Inputs ................................................................................................................. 39
4.2.4 D/A Converter Outputs............................................................................................................... 39
4.2.5 Using Calibration Constants....................................................................................................... 40
4.2.6 Real-Time Clock ........................................................................................................................ 40
4.2.7 TCP/IP Sample Programs........................................................................................................... 40
4.2.8 LCD/Keypad Module Sample Programs.................................................................................... 40
4.3 BL2100 Libraries ............................................................................................................................... 41
4.4 BL2100 Function APIs....................................................................................................................... 42
4.4.1 Board Initialization..................................................................................................................... 42
4.4.2 Digital I/O................................................................................................................................... 43
4.4.3 Serial Communication ................................................................................................................ 45
4.4.4 A/D Converter Inputs ................................................................................................................. 46
4.4.5 D/A Converter Outputs............................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 5. Using the TCP/IP Features
55
5.1 TCP/IP Connections........................................................................................................................... 55
5.2 TCP/IP Sample Programs................................................................................................................... 57
5.2.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs..................................................................... 57
5.2.2 How to Set Up Your Computer for Direct Connect ................................................................... 58
5.2.3 Run the PINGME.C Demo...................................................................................................... 59
5.2.4 Running More Demo Programs With a Direct Connection ....................................................... 60
5.3 Where Do I Go From Here?............................................................................................................... 60
Appendix A. Specifications
61
A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications.......................................................................................... 62
A.1.1 Exclusion Zone .......................................................................................................................... 64
A.1.2 Headers ...................................................................................................................................... 65
A.2 Conformal Coating ............................................................................................................................ 66
A.3 Jumper Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 67
A.4 Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports ..................................................................................................... 69
A.5 I/O Address Assignments.................................................................................................................. 71
Appendix B. Power Supply
73
B.1 Power Supplies .................................................................................................................................. 73
B.1.1 Power for Analog Circuits ......................................................................................................... 73
B.2 Batteries and External Battery Connections...................................................................................... 74
B.2.1 Replacing the Backup Battery ................................................................................................... 75
B.2.2 Battery-Backup Circuit .............................................................................................................. 75
B.2.3 Power to VRAM Switch ............................................................................................................ 76
B.2.4 Reset Generator.......................................................................................................................... 76
B.3 Chip Select Circuit............................................................................................................................. 77
Appendix C. LCD/Keypad Module
79
C.1 Specifications..................................................................................................................................... 79
C.2 Contrast Adjustments for All Boards ................................................................................................ 81
C.3 Keypad Labeling................................................................................................................................ 82
C.4 Header Pinouts................................................................................................................................... 83
C.4.1 I/O Address Assignments .......................................................................................................... 83
C.5 Mounting LCD/Keypad Module on the BL2100 .............................................................................. 84
C.5.1 Programming Cable Tips ........................................................................................................... 85
C.6 Bezel-Mount Installation ................................................................................................................... 87
C.6.1 Connect the LCD/Keypad Module to Your BL2100................................................................. 89
Smartcat (BL2100)
C.7 Sample Programs ...............................................................................................................................90
C.8 LCD/Keypad Module Function Calls ................................................................................................92
C.8.1 LEDs...........................................................................................................................................92
C.8.2 LCD Display...............................................................................................................................93
C.8.3 Keypad......................................................................................................................................109
Appendix D. Plastic Enclosure
113
D.1 Assembly Instructions......................................................................................................................114
D.2 Dimensions ......................................................................................................................................116
Appendix E. Demonstration Board
119
E.1 Connecting Demonstration Board ....................................................................................................119
Index
123
Schematics
127
User’s Manual
Smartcat (BL2100)
1. INTRODUCTION
The BL2100 is a high-performance, C-programmable singleboard computer that offers built-in digital and analog I/O combined with Ethernet connectivity in a compact form factor. A
Rabbit® 2000 microprocessor operating at 22.1 MHz provides
fast data processing. An optional plastic enclosure and
LCD/keypad module are available, and may be wall-mounted.
1.1 BL2100 Description
The BL2100 is an advanced single-board computer that incorporates the powerful Rabbit
2000 microprocessor, flash memory, static RAM, digital I/O ports, A/D converter inputs,
D/A converter outputs, RS-232/RS-485 serial ports, and a 10Base-T Ethernet port.
1.2 BL2100 Features
• Rabbit® 2000 microprocessor operating at 22.1 MHz.
• 128K static RAM and 256K flash memory standard, may be increased to 512K SRAM
and 512K flash memory.
• 40 digital I/O: 24 protected digital inputs and 16 high-current digital outputs provide
sinking and sourcing outputs.
• 15 analog channels: eleven 12-bit A/D converter inputs, four 12-bit D/A converter 0–10 V
outputs (selected models).
• One RJ-45 Ethernet port compliant with IEEE 802.3 standard for 10Base-T Ethernet
protocol (selected models).
• Two Ethernet status LEDs (selected models).
• Four serial ports (2 RS-232 or 1 RS-232 with RTS/CTS, 1 RS-485, and 1 CMOS-compatible programming port).
• Battery-backed real-time clock.
• Watchdog supervisor.
• Optional backlit 122 × 32 graphic display/keypad module.
• Remote program downloading and debugging capability via RabbitLink.
• Boards with the CE mark on their RabbitCore module are CE-compliant.
User’s Manual
1
Four BL2100 models are available. Their standard features are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. BL2100 Models
Feature
BL2100
Microprocessor
BL2110
BL2120
BL2130
Rabbit 2000 running at 22.1 MHz
Static RAM
128K
Flash Memory
256K
RJ-45 Ethernet Connector,
Filter Capacitors, and LEDs
Yes
No
A/D Converter Inputs
(-10 V to + 10 V)
Yes
No
Yes
No
D/A Converter Outputs
(0 V to +10 V)
Yes
No
Yes
No
RabbitCore Module Used
RCM2200
RCM2300
Additional 512K flash/512K SRAM memory options are available for custom orders
involving nominal lead times. Contact your Rabbit sales representative or authorized
distributor for more information.
Appendix A provides detailed specifications.
1.2.1 Connector Options
In addition to the standard screw-terminal connectors supplied on BL2100 boards, IDC
headers, bottom-mount sockets, and polarized friction-lock terminals may be factoryinstalled instead. Visit our Web site at www.rabbit.com or contact your Rabbit sales
representative or authorized distributor for further information.
2
Standard screw terminals, accept
up to 14 AWG (1.5 mm2) wire
Bottom-mount socket, 0.1" pitch
IDC headers, 0.1" pitch
Polarized friction-lock terminals,
0.1" pitch
Smartcat (BL2100)
1.3 Optional Add-Ons
• Plastic enclosure (can be wall-mounted or
panel-mounted) with LCD/keypad module that
comprises a 122 × 32 LCD graphic display, 7key keypad, and seven LEDs. The plastic
enclosure consists of a base and a cover for an
assembly made up of the BL2100 with the
LCD/keypad module plugged in.
• Plastic enclosure base.
• LCD/keypad module.
One enclosure base is included with the Tool Kit.
Further details on these add-ons are provided in
Appendix C and in Appendix D.
Visit our Web site for up-to-date information about additional add-ons and features as
they become available. The Web site also has the latest revision of this user’s manual.
User’s Manual
3
1.4 Development and Evaluation Tools
1.4.1 Tool Kit
A Tool Kit contains the hardware essentials you will need to use your own BL2100 singleboard computer. The items in the Tool Kit and their use are as follows.
• BL2100 Getting Started instructions.
• Dynamic C CD-ROM, with complete product documentation on disk.
• Programming cable, used to connect your PC serial port to the BL2100.
• Universal AC adapter, 12 V DC, 1 A (includes Canada/Japan/U.S., Australia/N.Z., U.K.,
and European style plugs).
• Demonstration Board with pushbutton switches and LEDs. The Demonstration Board
can be hooked up to the BL2100 to demonstrate the I/O.
• Wire assembly to connect Demonstration Board to BL2100.
• Plastic enclosure base with mounting screws.
• Screwdriver.
• Rabbit 2000 Processor Easy Reference poster.
• Registration card.
Figure 1. BL2100 Tool Kit
4
Smartcat (BL2100)
1.4.2 Software
The BL2100 is programmed using version 7.06 or later of Rabbit’s Dynamic C. A compatible
version is included on the Tool Kit CD-ROM. Dynamic C v. 9.60 includes the popular µC/OSII real-time operating system, point-to-point protocol (PPP), FAT file system, RabbitWeb,
and other select libraries that were previously sold as individual Dynamic C modules.
Rabbit also offers for purchase the Rabbit Embedded Security Pack featuring the Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) and a specific Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) library. In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year telephonebased technical support subscription is also available for purchase. Visit our Web site at
www.rabbit.com for further information and complete documentation, or contact your
Rabbit sales representative or authorized distributor.
1.4.3 Online Documentation
The online documentation is installed along with Dynamic C, and an icon for the documentation menu is placed on the workstation’s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the
menu. If the icon is missing, use your browser to find and load default.htm in the docs
folder, found in the Dynamic C installation folder.
The latest versions of all documents are always available for free, unregistered download
from our Web sites as well.
User’s Manual
5
1.5 CE Compliance
Equipment is generally divided into two classes.
CLASS A
CLASS B
Digital equipment meant for light industrial use
Digital equipment meant for home use
Less restrictive emissions requirement:
less than 40 dB µV/m at 10 m
(40 dB relative to 1 µV/m) or 300 µV/m
More restrictive emissions requirement:
30 dB µV/m at 10 m or 100 µV/m
These limits apply over the range of 30–230 MHz. The limits are 7 dB higher for frequencies
above 230 MHz. Although the test range goes to 1 GHz, the emissions from Rabbit-based
systems at frequencies above 300 MHz are generally well below background noise levels.
The BL2100 single-board computer has been tested and was found to
be in conformity with the following applicable immunity and emission
standards. The BL2110, BL2120, and BL2130 single-board computers
are also CE qualified as they are sub-versions of the BL2100 singleboard computer. Boards that are CE-compliant have the CE mark.
Immunity
The BL2100 series of single-board computers meets the following EN55024/1998 immunity standards.
• EN61000-4-3 (Radiated Immunity)
• EN61000-4-4 (EFT)
• EN61000-4-6 (Conducted Immunity)
Additional shielding or filtering may be required for a heavy industrial environment.
Emissions
The BL2100 series of single-board computers meets the following emission standards with
the Rabbit 2000 spectrum spreader turned on and set to the normal mode. The spectrum
spreader is only available with Rev. C or higher of the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor. This
microprocessor is used in all BL2100 series boards that carry the CE mark.
• EN55022:1998 Class A
• FCC Part 15 Class A
NOTE: The BL2100 satisfied the Class A limits but not the Class B limits. Such equipment need not be restricted in its sale, but the following warning must be included in
the instructions for its use.
Warning
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio
interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Additional shielding or filtering may be needed to meet Class B emissions standards.
6
Smartcat (BL2100)
1.5.1 Design Guidelines
Note the following requirements for incorporating a BL2100 series single-board computer
into your application to comply with CE requirements.
General
• The power supply provided with the Tool Kit is for development purposes only. It is the
customer’s responsibility to provide a CE-compliant power supply for the end-product
application.
• When connecting the BL2100 single-board computer to outdoor cables, the customer is
responsible for providing CE-approved surge/lighting protection.
• Rabbit recommends placing digital I/O or analog cables that are 3 m or longer in a
metal conduit to assist in maintaining CE compliance and to conform to good cable
design practices.
• When installing or servicing the BL2100, it is the responsibility of the end-user to use
proper ESD precautions to prevent ESD damage to the BL2100.
Safety
• All inputs and outputs to and from the BL2100 single-board computer must not be connected to voltages exceeding SELV levels (42.4 V AC peak, or 60 V DC).
• The lithium backup battery circuit on the BL2100 single-board computer has been
designed to protect the battery from hazardous conditions such as reverse charging and
excessive current flows. Do not disable the safety features of the design.
1.5.2 Interfacing the BL2100 to Other Devices
There are two versions of the LCD/keypad module that may be used with the BL2100: a
plug-in version (Part No. 101-0465), and a remote panel-mounted version with bezel (Part
No. 101-0502). The BL2100 with the LCD/keypad module plugged in may be regarded as
a “maintenance unit” that conforms to the same CE standards as does the BL2100 alone,
where the entire assembly is mounted inside an enclosure, and the enclosure is only
opened to “tune up” the system. In addition, the cable for a panel-mounted LCD/keypad
module should be less than 30 cm (12") to maintain CE compliance. Appendix C provides
complete information for mounting and using the LCD/keypad module.
Since the BL2100 single-board computers are designed to be connected to other devices,
good EMC practices should be followed to ensure compliance. CE compliance is ultimately the responsibility of the integrator. Additional information, tips, and technical
assistance are available from your authorized Rabbit distributor, and are also available on
our Web site at www.rabbit.com.
User’s Manual
7
8
Smartcat (BL2100)
2. GETTING STARTED
Chapter 2 explains how to connect the programming cable and
power supply to the BL2100.
2.1 BL2100 Connections
1. Remove the RabbitCore module from the BL2100 main board, and set the module
aside. The module is removed to allow access to the mounting holes on the main
BL2100 board, and will be plugged back in to the main board later.
EGND
ACT
DS2
JP5
JP1
R18
Y3
R16
R19
Q4
Q3
C13
R20
Q2
C12
R17
Q5
R21 R22
C14
J2
U1
C8
R9
R15
R8
R2
J1
U2
RT1
R37
R36
DO00
GND +RAW 232CR 232CT 232DR 232DT DIO0
R151
C28
Y2 C2
D1
D2
R7
U6
DO02 DO01
C95
Y1 C4
R1 C17
DO03
R158
D3
DO06 DO05 DO04
R134
BT1
U3
DO08 DO07
C86
DO09
DIO1
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
DIO7
R181
+K1
R135
R95
Q51
D15
R104
Q71
Q56
Q59
C75
C85
C72
Q47
Q44
R100
Q63
R132
+K2
R99
R11
R13
Q48
C69
Q4
R8
RP7
JP6
C13
R138
JP1
C17
Q67
C44
C25
Q52
C43
Q43
U7
R96
R186 R142
Q78
RP4
Q55
R136
R10
RP6
RP5
Q5
R103
R106
R82
Q34
R84
C14
R119
R7
C46
RP3
C61
Q36
Q30
Q21
R72
Q38
C56
Q32
C63
Q17
R88
R76
Q13
R90
C82
C49
RP14 RP15
C118
R9
R187
Battery
R148
R140
C52
Q28
J22
C25
C50
R86
U4
C48
C51
C88
C65
C3
C74
C27
D9
U17
C22
C21
R41
Q26
R38
R81
C15
U10
J16
BT1
R139
R70
U5
C100 R159
R143
C24
RP9
JP3
JP4
D14
R39
R92
R80
U16
C92
U12
Flash
EPROM
C67
R11
C91
C90
R133
Q25
U18
U13
C89
D11
Q40
Q15
R146
R147
R145
R149
C93
R152
C94
TP4
C96
R154
R153
R156
C98
J20
C97
R161
C99
C8
C26
R155
R165
C103
R160
C101
R162
C104
Q19
C9
C102
C106
C54
D3
U20
R174
R74
Q11
U1
C27
C110
R172
D8
R78
Q23
C11
R175
C111
C87
RP11
L1
J21
C114
C113
C60
TVS1
C6
C7
R179
C115
R177
R178
R180
C12
ADCIN10 ADCIN9 ADCIN8 ADCIN7 ADCIN6 ADCIN5 DAC03 DAC02 AGND DAC01 DAC02 ADCIN4 ADCIN3 ADCIN2 ADCIN1 ADCIN0
R173
C58
D6
J1
C112
C5
D1
J7
J4
R176
LNK
DS1
U2
Q75
C30
JP2
U8 U7
C1
BL2100 Main Board
Q74
JP6
C7
RCM2200/RCM2300 Module
GND
C29 GND
NOTE: If you are working with more than one BL2100 at a time, take care to keep the
BL2100 main boards and their corresponding RabbitCore modules paired since the RabbitCore modules store calibration constants specific to the BL2100 main board to which they
are plugged in.
J17
D18
J14
J11
DI08
DI09
DI10
DI11
DI12
DI13
DI14
DI15
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
DIO23 DIO22
DIO21 DIO20
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
Figure 2. Remove RabbitCore Module
from BL2100 Main Board
User’s Manual
9
2. Attach the BL2100 main board to the plastic enclosure base.
Position the BL2100 main board over the plastic enclosure base as shown below in
Figure 3. Attach the BL2100 to the base using the four 4-40 × ¼ screws supplied with the
enclosure base.
+K1
DO09
DO08
DO07
DO06
DO05
DO04
DO03
DO02
DO01
DO00
GND
+RAW
232CR 232CT 232DR
232DT DIO0
DIO1
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
DIO7
R181
C95
R151
R158
Q52
R96
Q48
Q44
R134
R95
Q51
R136
D15 C7
5
R104
Q71
RP7
JP6
Q56
Q59
RP5
Q5
Q4
R8
R100
Q63
C86
R135
R82
C72
Q47
Q34
Q38
R138
JP1
C69
Q67
C85
R103
C61
Q30
R99
Q43
R88
R84
Q36
R132
J7
C74
Q55
R92
C63
Q32
C13
Q28
Q21
R72
C44
R80
C56
R142
C43
R76
Q13
RP6
R119
R186
RP4
Q40
Q25
R9
R10
C46
R7
R90
R106
C17
C82
RP3
D14
D8
Q15
C54
C22
C21
J22
R187
R86
C65
U7
C14
U4
Q78
R148
R140
N0
C50
C49
RP14 RP15
R81
C118
R11
N3
C48
C52
C15
U10
J16
tery
R143
ADCI
ADCI
C88
R133
C87
C51
R70
D9
U17
C100 R159
Bat
N4
N1
R139
BT1
Q17
C97
R155
ADCI
ADCI
C89
U18
R74
R162
C02
ADCI
N2
C92
C24
U12
RP9
J20
U16
C25
U13
C90
C8
C26
TP4
Q19
U5
C9
C102
1 DA
C96
R152
R153
R145 C91
R146
R156
R154
R149
R147
R160
N5
C101
ADCI
DAC0
C99
C98
C94
C93
Q11
D3
U20
ADCI
N6
2 AG
ND
R165
R161
R78
U1
C27
C110
N7
J21
ADCI
DAC0
C104
C103
C67
Q26
RP11
L1
R172
C106
D11
C60
TVS1
C6
C7
N8
DAC0
3
C111
R174
C58
Q23
ADCI
R178
N9
C113
C11
ADCI
R177
R179
C114
R175
C5
D1
C12
N10
R176
D6
J1
ADCI
R180
C115
U2
Q75
C112
+K2
J4
Q74
R173
J17
D18
J14
J11
DI08
DI09
DI10
DI11
DI12
DI13
DI14
DI15
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
DIO23 DIO22
DIO21 DIO20
DIO19 DIO18
DIO17 DIO16
DIO15 DIO14
DIO13 DIO12
DIO11 DIO10
Figure 3. Attach BL2100 Main Board to Plastic Enclosure Base
The plastic enclosure base facilitates handling the BL2100 during development, and provides an attractive mounting alternative. Alternatively, you may wish to use standoffs to
protect the components on the other side of the board. The plastic enclosure base is offered
as a separate option when individual BL2100 boards are purchased.
NOTE: Appendix D, “Plastic Enclosure,” provides additional information and specifications
for the plastic enclosure.
10
Smartcat (BL2100)
3. Reconnect the RabbitCore module to headers J16 and J17 on the BL2100 main board it
was removed from earlier as shown in Figure 4. Be careful to align the pins over the
headers, and do not bend them as you press down to mate the module with the BL2100
main board.
C1
ACT
EGND
DS2
JP5
LNK
JP1
C30
JP2
U8 U7
JP6
C7
GND
C29 GND
NOTE: If you are working with more than one BL2100 at a time, take care to keep the
BL2100 main boards and their corresponding RabbitCore modules paired since the RabbitCore modules store calibration constants specific to the BL2100 main board to which they
are plugged in.
DS1
R18
Y3
R16
Q4
Q3
C13
R20
R19
Q2
C12
R17
Q5
R21 R22
C14
J2
U1
C8
R9
R15
R8
R2
U2
RT1
R37
R36
DO00
J1
C28
Y2 C2
D1
D2
R7
U6
DO02 DO01
GND +RAW 232CR 232CT 232DR 232DT DIO0
C95
Y1 C4
R1 C17
DO03
R151
D3
DO06 DO05 DO04
R158
BT1
U3
DO08 DO07
R134
DO09
DIO1
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
DIO7
R181
+K1
C86
R95
R135
C72
C75
C85
R99
D15
R104
Q71
R132
R103
J17
Q56
Q59
Q4
R8
RP7
JP6
C13
R11
R13
Q44
R100
Q63
C44
Q48
C69
Q67
C43
R138
Q52
RP5
Q5
C25
JP1
C17
R96
RP4
Q51
U7
C74
Q47
R136
RP6
R119
R7
Q43
Q34
R106
R82
R84
R90
C82
RP3
C61
Q36
Q30
Q21
R72
R86
Q38
C56
C65
C3
C63
Q17
Q32
R88
R76
Q13
J16
R186 R142
C50
C49
RP14 RP15
C118
C14
R10
C52
C46
C88
R9
R187
Q78
R140
C48
C51
Q28
J22
C25
Q55
C27
D9
U4
C22
C21
R41
Q26
R38
R81
C15
U10
J16
BT1
R139
R70
U5
JP3
JP4
D14
R92
R80
R39
U17
Battery
R148
C24
RP9
C100 R159
C92
R133
Q25
U16
R143
C90
C89
C67
Q40
U18
U13
U12
D11
R11
C91
R147
R146
R149
C93
R145
C94
TP4
R152
R154
C96
R156
C98
R153
R161
C99
J20
C97
R165
C103
C8
C26
R155
C104
R160
C101
R162
C106
Q19
C9
C102
R172
D8
Q15
D3
U20
C111
C54
C27
C110
U1
R74
Q11
R175
R174
C87
R78
Q23
C11
C114
C113
RP11
L1
J21
R179
C115
R177
C60
TVS1
C6
C7
R180
R178
R173
C12
ADCIN10 ADCIN9 ADCIN8 ADCIN7 ADCIN6 ADCIN5 DAC03 DAC02 AGND DAC01 DAC02 ADCIN4 ADCIN3 ADCIN2 ADCIN1 ADCIN0
C112
C58
D6
J1
R176
C5
D1
+K2
U2
Q75
J7
J4
Q74
Flash
EPROM
J17
D18
J14
J11
DI08
DI09
DI10
DI11
DI12
DI13
DI14
DI15
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
DIO23 DIO22
DIO21 DIO20
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
Figure 4. Reconnect RabbitCore Module
to BL2100 Main Board
User’s Manual
11
4. Connect the programming cable to download programs from your PC and to program
and debug the BL2100.
Connect the 10-pin PROG connector of the programming cable to header J1 on the BL2100
RabbitCore module. Ensure that the colored edge lines up with pin 1 as shown. (Do not use
the DIAG connector, which is used for a nonprogramming serial connection.) Connect the
other end of the programming cable to a COM port on your PC. Make a note of the port to
which you connect the cable, as Dynamic C will need to have this parameter configured.
Note that COM1 on the PC is the default COM port used by Dynamic C.
+K2
+K1
DO09
DO08 DO07
DO06 DO05 DO04
DO03
DO02 DO01
DO00
D11
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
DIO7
GND
EGND
ACT
DS2
R16
C14
R21 R22
C13
R20
R19
Q2
R181
C29 GND
JP6
JP5
C30
JP2
JP1
R18
R15
U1
BT1
C8
R9
C12
R17
J2
R37
R36
C28
D3
RT1
U2
C7
U8 U7
R8
Y3
DIO1
C1
U3
Y2 C2
D1
D2
R7
U6
R158
R134
C86
R135
Y1 C4
R1 C17
R2
C95
R151
J1
C75
C85
D15
R104
Q71
Q56
R132
R95
Q51
Q44
Q59
RP7
C25
Q48
R100
Q63
R11
R13
C72
Q47
Q52
C69
Q67
Q4
R99
Q43
R136
R96
PROG
JP6
C13
Q55
R84
C43
R82
Q36
RP4
C61
C63
Q21
R72
Q34
C56
R186 R142
RP3
C44
Q30
R88
Q17
Q32
Q38
R76
Q13
Q28
R10
C46
R8
JP1
C82
C49
RP14 RP15
R7
RP5
Q5
DS1
R138
C17
RP6
R119
Q78
R148
C52
C50
C14
R41
U4
C27
C3
R9
R187
Battery
R143
R140
C48
C51
C88
C22
C21
J22
BT1
R139
U7
R38
LNK
R106
JP3
JP4
J16
C25
R90
C118
Flash
EPROM
R39
R86
C65
R103
R92
R80
C91
C24
U12
U17
D9
R81
C15
U10
U5
C100 R159
C92
R133
Q25
U16
RP9
R11
R146
U18
U13
C90
C89
Q40
Q15
R145
R147
R152
R149
C93
C96
R154
C94
TP4
R153
R156
J20
C97
R161
C99
R155
R165
C103
R160
C101
R162
C104
C8
C26
PROG
R70
Q19
C9
C102
C106
C54
D3
U20
R172
R74
RP11
L1
U1
C27
C110
C111
Q11
R175
R174
C98
R78
Q23
C11
C114
C113
J21
R179
C115
R177
TVS1
C6
C7
R180
R178
R173
C12
ADCIN10 ADCIN9 ADCIN8 ADCIN7 ADCIN6 ADCIN5 DAC03 DAC02 AGND DAC01 DAC02 ADCIN4 ADCIN3 ADCIN2 ADCIN1 ADCIN0
C74
D14
C67
Q5
C60
D8
D6
J1
C58
Q4
C5
D1
Q26
J1
R176
C112
C87
J7
U2
Q75
Q3
GND +RAW 232CR 232CT 232DR 232DT DIO0
J4
Q74
J17
D18
J14
J11
DI08
DI09
DI10
DI11
DI12
DI13
DI14
DI15
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
DIO23 DIO22
DIO21 DIO20
DIAG
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
Colored edge
Programming Cable
Red
shrink wrap
To
PC COM port
Figure 5. Programming Cable Connections
NOTE: Never disconnect the programming cable by pulling on the ribbon cable. Carefully
pull on the connector to remove it from the header.
NOTE: Some PCs now come equipped only with a USB port. It may be possible to use an
RS-232/USB converter with the programming cable supplied with the Tool Kit. An RS232/USB converter (part number 20-151-0178) is available through the Web store. Note that
not all RS-232/USB converters work with Dynamic C.
12
Smartcat (BL2100)
5. Connect the power supply.
First, prepare the AC adapter for the country where it will be used by selecting the plug.
The BL2100 Tool Kit presently includes Canada/Japan/U.S., Australia/N.Z., U.K., and
European style plugs. Snap in the top of the plug assembly into the slot at the top of the
AC adapter as shown in Figure 5, then press down on the spring-loaded clip below the
plug assembly to allow the plug assembly to click into place.
Connect the bare ends of the power supply to the +RAW and GND positions on screwterminal header J5 (IDC header J4) as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Power Supply Connections
6. Apply power.
Plug in the AC adapter. If you are using your own power supply, it must provide 9 to
36 V DC (13 to 36 V DC if you intend to use the full range of the D/A converter
outputs)—voltages outside this range could damage the BL2100.
CAUTION: Unplug the power supply while you make or otherwise work with the connections
to the headers. This will protect your BL2100 from inadvertent shorts or power spikes.
NOTE: A hardware RESET is done by unplugging the AC adapter, then plugging it back in.
User’s Manual
13
2.2 Installing Dynamic C
If you have not yet installed Dynamic C version 7.06 (or a later version), do so now by
inserting the Dynamic C CD in your PC’s CD-ROM drive. The CD will auto-install unless
you have disabled auto-install on your PC.
If the CD does not auto-install, click Start > Run from the Windows Start button and
browse for the Dynamic C setup.exe file on your CD drive. Click OK to begin the
installation once you have selected the setup.exe file.
The installation program will guide you through the installation process. Most steps of the
process are self-explanatory.
Dynamic C uses a COM (serial) port to communicate with the target development system.
The installation allows you to choose the COM port that will be used. The default selection is COM1. You may select any available port for Dynamic C’s use. If you are not certain which port is available, select COM1. This selection can be changed later within
Dynamic C.
Once your installation is complete, you will have up to three icons on your PC desktop.
One icon is for Dynamic C, one opens the documentation menu, and the third is for the
Rabbit Field Utility, a tool used to download precompiled software to a target system.
If you have purchased the optional Dynamic C Rabbit Embedded Security Pack, install it
after installing Dynamic C. You must install the Rabbit Embedded Security Pack in the
same directory where Dynamic C was installed.
The Dynamic C User’s Manual provides detailed instructions for the installation of
Dynamic C and any future upgrades.
NOTE: If you have an earlier version of Dynamic C already installed, the default installation
of the later version will be in a different folder, and a separate icon will appear on your desktop.
14
Smartcat (BL2100)
2.3 Starting Dynamic C
Once the BL2100 is connected to your PC and to a power source, start Dynamic C by doubleclicking on the Dynamic C icon on your desktop or in your Start menu.
If you are using a USB port to connect your computer to the BL2100, choose Options >
Project Options and select “Use USB to Serial Converter” under the Communications
tab. Click OK.
2.4 Run a Sample Program
Use the File menu to open the sample program PONG.C, which is in the Dynamic C
SAMPLES folder. Press function key F9 to compile and run the program. The STDIO
window will open on your PC and will display a small square bouncing around in a box.
This program shows that the CPU is working. The sample program described in
Section 5.2.3, “Run the PINGME.C Demo,” tests the TCP/IP portion of the board.
2.4.1 Troubleshooting
If Dynamic C cannot find the target system (error message "No Rabbit Processor
Detected."):
• Check that the BL2100 is powered correctly — the AC adapter should be plugged in to the
+RAW and GND positions on screw-terminal header J5 (IDC header J4).
• Check both ends of the programming cable to ensure that they are firmly plugged into
the PC and the PROG connector, not the DIAG connector, is plugged in to the programming port on the RabbitCore module with the marked (colored) edge of the programming cable towards pin 1 of the programming header.
• Ensure that the RabbitCore module is firmly and correctly installed in its connectors on
the BL2100 main board.
• Dynamic C uses the COM port specified during installation. Select a different COM
port within Dynamic C. From the Options menu, select Project Options, then select
Communications. Select another COM port from the list, then click OK. Press
to force Dynamic C to recompile the BIOS. If Dynamic C still reports it is
unable to locate the target system, repeat the above steps until you locate the COM port
used by the programming cable.
If Dynamic C appears to compile the BIOS successfully, but you then receive a communication error message when you compile and load a sample program, it is possible that your
PC cannot handle the higher program-loading baud rate. Try changing the maximum
download rate to a slower baud rate as follows.
• Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications
menu. Select a slower Max download baud rate.
User’s Manual
15
If a program compiles and loads, but then loses target communication before you can
begin debugging, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the default debugging baud
rate. Try lowering the debugging baud rate as follows.
• Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications
menu. Choose a lower debug baud rate.
2.5 Where Do I Go From Here?
If the sample program ran fine, you are now ready to go on to other sample programs and to
develop your own applications. The source code for the sample programs is provided to allow
you to modify them for your own use. The BL2100 User’s Manual also provides complete
hardware reference information and describes the software function calls for the BL2100 and
the optional LCD/keypad module.
For advanced development topics, refer to the Dynamic C User’s Manual and the
Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual, also in the online documentation set.
2.5.1 Technical Support
NOTE: If you purchased your BL2100 through a distributor or Rabbit partner, contact the
distributor or partner first for technical support.
If there are any problems at this point:
• Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.
• Check the Rabbit Technical Bulletin Board and forums at www.rabbit.com/support/bb/
and at www.rabbit.com/forums/.
• Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.
If the sample program ran fine, you are now ready to go on to explore other BL2100 features and develop your own applications.
Chapter 3, “Subsystems,” provides a description of the BL2100’s features, Chapter 4,
“Software,” describes the Dynamic C software libraries and introduces some sample programs, and Chapter 5, “Using the TCP/IP Features,” explains the TCP/IP features.
16
Smartcat (BL2100)
3. SUBSYSTEMS
Chapter 3 describes the principal subsystems for the BL2100.
•Digital I/O
•Serial Communication
•A/D Converter Inputs
•D/A Converter Outputs
•Analog Reference Voltage Circuit
•Memory
•External Interrupts
Figure 7 shows these Rabbit-based subsystems designed into the BL2100.
32 kHz 11 MHz
osc
osc
SRAM
Flash
RABBIT
2000
RS-232
Data
Register
Digital
Input
Data
Register
Digital
Output
RS-485
Decoder
Control
A/D
Converter
Ethernet
RabbitCore Module
Interface
to
LCD/Keypad
Module
D/A
Converter
Figure 7. BL2100 Subsystems
User’s Manual
17
3.1 BL2100 Pinouts
The BL2100 pinouts are shown in Figure 8(a) and Figure 8(b).
Analog
Outputs
Analog
Ground
Analog
Inputs
ADC00
1
2
3
IN11
4
IN12
IN13
IN14
7
IN15
8
RS-485+
RS-485
PE5INT
GND
IN23
IN22
IN21
1
IN20
2
12
IN05
11
IN04
5
10
IN03
6
9
IN02
8
IN01
7
IN00
9
6
TXB
10
5
RXB
11
4
TXC/RTS
12
3
RXC/CTS
13
2
+RAW
14
1
GND
J5
Battery
J14
R2
D2
R7
U6
Y1 C4
R1 C17
3
4
5
R9
R8
U3
U8 U7
C1
RT1
D3
U1
U2
J2
C30
JP2
JP1
6
7
8
9
R15
R19
C13
Q5
R21 R22
C14
R16
JP6
Y3
DS2
DS1
Q4
R20
LNK
J2
10
11
12
Q3
R18
GND
C25
Q2
C29 GND
JP5
C28
C12
R17
C7
D1
R37
C8
BT1
R36
Y2 C2
Flash
EPROM
J1
J8
EGND
OUT00
OUT01
OUT02
OUT03
OUT04
OUT05
OUT06
OUT07
OUT08
OUT09
+K1
1
J10
Digital
Inputs
2
J2
3
1
4
2
5
3
6
4
7
5
8
6
9
7
10
8
11
9
12
10
JP3
JP4
OUT10
11
R41
OUT11
12
R38
OUT14
13
C27
OUT15
OUT12
14
R11
IN16
OUT13
15
R39
IN18
16
R13
Digital
Outputs
ADC09 ADC10
IN06
IN19
IN17
ADC08
IN07
C3
Digital
Inputs
IN10
DAC3 ADC05 ADC06 ADC07
13
RS-485
IN09
AGND DAC2
14
Digital
Inputs
IN08
ADC01 ADC02 ADC03 ADC04 DAC0 DAC1
Analog
Inputs
+K2
RS-232
Power
Supply
Digital
Outputs
K
ACT
Figure 8(a). BL2100 Pinouts (screw-terminal headers)
NOTE: Screw-terminal header J2 and the associated analog I/O are not available on the
BL2110 and the BL2130.
18
Smartcat (BL2100)
3.1.1 Headers and Screw Terminals
Standard BL2100 models are equipped with two 1 × 12 screw-terminal strips (J8 and J14),
and two 1 × 14 screw-terminal strips (J5 and J11). The BL2100 and BL2110 also have the
RJ-45 Ethernet jack and one 1 × 16 screw-terminal strip (J2).
There is provision on the circuit board to accommodate one of the following types of
connectors instead of the screw-terminal strips.
• 2 × 17, 2 × 20, and 2 × 25 IDC headers with a pitch of 0.1".
• 1 × 17, 1 × 20, and 1 × 25 friction-lock connectors with a pitch of 0.1". The holes used
by the friction-lock connectors are on the “outside” edges of the connector locations.
• 1 × 17, 1 × 20, and 1 × 25 bottom-mount sockets with a pitch of 0.1". The holes for the
bottom-mount sockets are on the “outside” edges of the connector locations
The pinouts for these connectors are shown in Figure 8(b).
Analog
Outputs
Analog
Ground
IN10
IN11
IN12
IN13
IN14
IN15
RS-485
RS-485+
RS-485
PE5INT
GND
IN23
IN22
ADC09
ADC10
ADC07
ADC08
ADC05
ADC06
DAC2
DAC3
DAC1
AGND
ADC04
DAC0
D2
R7
U6
Y1 C4
R1 C17
R9
R8
RT1
JP3
JP4
BT1
R36
U3
U8 U7
C1
D3
U1
U2
J2
C30
JP2
JP1
R15
R19
C13
C14
R16
Y3
DS2
DS1
Q5
R21 R22
LNK
Q4
R20
JP6
GND
C25
R18
C12
R17
Q3
C29 GND
JP5
C28
Q2
C7
D1
R37
C8
Y2 C2
R41
OUT11
OUT10
R2
R38
OUT13
OUT12
J1
R11
Digital
Outputs
J7
J13
R13
OUT15
OUT14
Battery
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
C27
IN17
IN16
J4
R39
IN19
IN18
J10
C3
Digital
Inputs
IN21
IN20
J1
Flash
EPROM
Digital
Inputs
Analog
Inputs
1
3
5 49 47 45 43 41 39 37 35 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
J2
IN08
IN09
ADC02
ADC03
ADC00
ADC01
Analog
Inputs
EGND
39
37
35
33
31
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
IN07
IN06
33
31
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
OUT00
OUT01
IN05
IN04
IN03
IN02
Digital
Inputs
IN01
IN00
TXB
RXB
TXC/RTS
RXC/CTS
+RAW
GND
RS-232
Power
Supply
OUT02
OUT03
OUT04
OUT05
Digital
Outputs
OUT06
OUT07
OUT08
OUT09
+K1
+K2
K
ACT
Figure 8(b). BL2100 Pinouts (other 0.1" connectors)
NOTE: Header J1 and the associated analog I/O are not available on the BL2110 and the
BL2130.
User’s Manual
19
3.2 Digital I/O
3.2.1 Digital Inputs
The BL2100 has 24 digital inputs, IN00–IN23, each of which is protected over a range of
–36 V to +36 V. The inputs are factory-configured to be pulled up to +5 V, but they can
also be pulled up to +K2 or down to 0 V in banks of eight by changing a surface-mounted
0 resistor as shown in Figure 9.
+K2
0W
Vcc
Factory
Default
27 kW
100 kW
1 nF
Rabbit 2000
Microprocessor
GND
Figure 9. BL2100 Digital Inputs [Pulled Up—Factory Default]
NOTE: If the inputs are pulled up to +K2, the voltage range over which the digital inputs
are protected changes to K2 – 36 V to +36 V.
The actual switching threshold is approximately 2.40 V. Anything below this value is a
logic 0, and anything above is a logic 1.
The digital inputs are each fully protected over a
range of -36 V to +36 V, and can handle short
spikes of ±40 V.
Normal Switching
Levels
Digital Input Voltage
+40 V
+36 V
Spikes
Spikes
+3.3 V
40 V
Spikes
Figure 10. BL2100 Digital Input
Protected Range
20
Smartcat (BL2100)
3.2.2 Digital Outputs
The BL2100 has 16 digital outputs, OUT00–OUT15, which can each sink or source up to
200 mA. Figure 11 shows a wiring diagram for using the digital outputs in a sinking or a
souring configuration.
All the digital outputs sink and source actively. They can be used as high-side drivers,
low-side drivers, or as an H-bridge driver. When the BL2100 is first powered up or reset,
all the outputs are disabled, that is, at a high-impedance status, until the digoutConfig
software function call is made. The digoutConfig call sets the initial state of each digital output according to the configuration specified by the user, and enables the digital outputs to their initial status.
SINKING OUTPUT
K1 or K2
D-REF
DCNTL_[015]
SOURCING OUTPUT
K1 or K2
D-REF
DCNTL_[015]
Figure 11. BL2100 Digital Outputs
OUT00–OUT07 are powered by to +K1, and OUT08–OUT15 are powered by +K2.
K1 and K2 can each be up to 36 V. They don't have to be same.
All the sinking current, which could be up to 3.2 A, is returned through the GND pins. Be
sure to use a suitably sized GND and keep the distance to the power supply as short as
possible. Since there are two GND terminals (header J5/J4, and header J11/J10), it is
User’s Manual
21
highly recommend that you split the GND returns according to the two banks of digital
outputs.
+K
For the H bridge, which is shown in Figure 12,
K1 and K2 should be the same if two digital outputs used for the H bridge are on different banks.
A
B
+K
LOAD
B
A
Figure 12. H Bridge
22
Smartcat (BL2100)
3.3 Serial Communication
The BL2100 has two RS-232 serial ports, which can be configured as one RS-232 serial
channel (with RTS/CTS) or as two RS-232 (3-wire) channels using the serMode software
function call. Table 2 summarizes the options.
Table 2. Serial Communication Configurations
Serial Port
Mode
B
C
D
0
RS-232, 3-wire
RS-232, 3-wire
RS-485
1
RS-232, 5-wire
CTS/RTS
RS-485
The BL2100 also has one RS-485 serial channel and one CMOS serial channel that serves
as the programming port.
All four serial ports operate in an asynchronous mode. An asynchronous port can handle 7
or 8 data bits. A 9th bit address scheme, where an additional bit is sent to mark the first
byte of a message, is also supported. Serial Port A, the programming port, can be operated
alternately in the clocked serial mode. In this mode, a clock line synchronously clocks the
data in or out. Either of the two communicating devices can supply the clock. The BL2100
boards typically use all four ports in the asynchronous serial mode. Serial Ports B and C
are used for RS-232 communication, and Serial Port D is used for RS-485 communication. The BL2100 uses an 11.0592 MHz crystal, which is doubled to 22.1184 MHz. At this
frequency, the BL2100 supports standard asynchronous baud rates up to a maximum of
230,400 bps.
3.3.1 RS-232
The BL2100 RS-232 serial communication is supported by an RS-232 transceiver. This
transceiver provides the voltage output, slew rate, and input voltage immunity required to
meet the RS-232 serial communication protocol. Basically, the chip translates the Rabbit
2000’s CMOS/TTL signals to RS-232 signal levels. Note that the polarity is reversed in an
RS-232 circuit so that a +5 V output becomes approximately -10 V and 0 V is output as
+10 V. The RS-232 transceiver also provides the proper line loading for reliable communication.
RS-232 can be used effectively at the BL2100’s maximum baud rate for distances of up to
15 m.
3.3.2 RS-485
The BL2100 has one RS-485 serial channel, which is connected to the Rabbit 2000 Serial
Port D through an RS-485 transceiver. The half-duplex communication uses the Rabbit
2000’s PB6 pin to control the transmit enable on the communication line.
User’s Manual
23
DI08
DI09
R140
24
ADCIN1 ADCIN0
DI13
DI14
DI15
C44
C13
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
C43
DIO23 DIO22
J14
JP6
DIO21 DIO20
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
RP7
D18
ADCIN1 ADCIN0
DI12
RP4
C82
DI08
DI09
DI10
C87
R133
C89
R132
C85
DI11
DI12
DI13
C49
C50
C51
DI14
RP14 RP15
C88
R139
DI15
RP3
RP4
C43
C48
C44
C13
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
C52
C46
R132
C85
DI11
RP3
C48
DIO23 DIO22
J14
JP6
DIO21 DIO20
D18
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
RP7
C82
ADCIN1 ADCIN0
DI10
RP14 RP15
C52
C46
C49
R140
C50
C51
DI08
DI09
DI10
C87
R133
C89
R132
C85
DI11
DI12
DI13
C49
C50
C51
DI14
RP14 RP15
C88
R139
DI15
RP3
RP4
C43
C48
C44
C13
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
C52
C46
C87
C88
R139
R140
R133
C89
DIO23 DIO22
J14
JP6
DIO21 DIO20
C82
D18
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
RP7
The BL2100 can be used in an RS-485 multidrop network. Connect the 485+ to 485+ and
485– to 485– using single twisted-pair wires (nonstranded, tinned) as shown in Figure 13.
Note that a common ground is recommended.
Ground recommended
J11
J11
J11
IN2
12
GND
11
PE5-INT
10
485
9
485+
8
IN15
7
IN14
IN1
J11
Figure 13. BL2100 Multidrop Network
Smartcat (BL2100)
The BL2100 comes with a 220 termination resistor and two 681 bias resistors installed
and enabled with jumpers across pins 1–2 and 5–6 on header JP1, as shown in Figure 14.
+K1
DO09
DO08 DO07
DO06 DO05 DO04
DO03
DO02 DO01
DO00
EGND
DS2
ACT
GND
R16
Y3
C14
R21 R22
C13
R20
R19
Q2
Q5
JP6
R18
C12
R17
U1
BT1
R15
R8
C8
Q4
DIO1
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
R181
C29 GND
JP5
JP1
C30
JP2
J2
R37
R36
U2
D3
RT1
D1
Y1 C4
R1 C17
C28
C7
U8 U7
C1
U3
Y2 C2
U6
R158
R134
D2
R7
R2
C95
R151
R9
C75
J1
D15
Q3
GND +RAW 232CR 232CT 232DR 232DT DIO0
C86
Q44
R104
Q71
Q56
Q59
R135
R95
Q51
DS1
Factory
JP1
Default
C25
Q48
R100
Q63
R132
C72
Q47
Q52
C69
Q67
C85
J7
R99
Q43
R136
R96
RP7
JP6
C13
Q55
R84
R11
R13
R103
Q36
C43
R82
C63
RP4
C44
C61
Q32
Q34
R88
Q21
R72
R186 R142
R8
RP5
Q5
Q4
Q30
Q28
C56
Q38
R76
R10
R7
5
3
1
LNK
R138
C17
RP6
R119
Q78
RP3
C74
D14
R92
Q40
R80
C14
C82
C49
RP14 RP15
JP1
C27
R11
R187
C46
C52
C50
JP4
R41
U4
R106
6
2JP3 4
C3
R9
Battery
DIO7
R140
C51
C88
C22
C21
R90
U7
R38
J22
BT1
R139
R133
U17
R86
C65
C118
Flash
EPROM
R39
C48
C89
C87
R148
C24
RP9
D9
R81
C15
U10
U5
J16
C92
U12
C54
U16
R143
C90
Q17
J20
C25
U13
R74
R160
C101
C8
C100 R159
C91
R146
R149
R147
R145
R154
C93
R152
C98
C94
C96
R156
U18
R70
Q19
C9
C26
TP4
R153
R161
C99
C97
C103
R155
R165
R162
C106
C102
R174
C104
Q13
C27
U20
485
R172
RP11
D3
R53
681 W
bias
C111
R78
U1
6
Q25
R175
D8
R177
C67
TVS1
L1
Q15
C114
D11
C60
Q26
Q11
C115
C58
Q23
R58
220 W
C5
D1
C11
termination
C7
R179
J21
R180
R178
R173
C113
R51
681 W
2C6R176
C112
5
bias
C12
1
C110
7
ADCIN10 ADCIN9 ADCIN8 ADCIN7 ADCIN6 ADCIN5 DAC03 DAC02 AGND DAC01 DAC02 ADCIN4 ADCIN3 ADCIN2 ADCIN1 ADCIN0
6
JP1
U2
Q75
D6
Q74
J1
U8
+K2
J4
485+
J17
D18
J14
J11
DI08
DI09
DI10
DI11
DI12
DI13
DI14
DI15
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
DIO23 DIO22
DIO21 DIO20
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
Figure 14. RS-485 Termination and Bias Resistors
For best performance, the bias and termination resistors in a multidrop network should
only be enabled on both end nodes of the network. Disable the termination and bias resistors on any intervening BL2100 units in the network by removing both jumpers from
header JP1.
TIP: Save the jumpers for possible future use by “parking” them across pins 1–3 and 4–6
of header JP1. Pins 3 and 4 are not otherwise connected to the BL2100.
User’s Manual
25
3.3.3 Ethernet Port
Figure 15 shows the pinout for the Ethernet port (J2 on the BL2100 module). Note that
there are two standards for numbering the pins on this connector—the convention used
here, and numbering in reverse to that shown. Regardless of the numbering convention
followed, the pin positions relative to the spring tab position (located at the bottom of the
RJ-45 jack in Figure 15) are always absolute, and the RJ-45 connector will work properly
with off-the-shelf Ethernet cables.
ETHERNET
1
8
1.
2.
3.
6.
RJ-45 Plug
E_Tx+
E_Tx
E_Rx+
E_Rx
RJ-45 Jack
Figure 15. RJ-45 Ethernet Port Pinout
RJ-45 pinouts are sometimes numbered opposite to the way shown in Figure 15.
Two LEDs are placed next to the RJ-45 Ethernet jack, one to indicate an Ethernet link
(LNK) and one to indicate Ethernet activity (ACT).
The transformer/connector assembly ground is connected to the BL2100 module printed
circuit board digital ground via a 0 resistor “jumper,” R29, as shown in Figure 16.
RJ-45 Ethernet Plug
R29
Board
Ground
Chassis
Ground
Figure 16. Isolation Resistor R29
The factory default is for the 0 resistor “jumper” at R29 to be installed. In high-noise
environments, remove R29 and ground the transformer/connector assembly directly
through the chassis ground. This will be especially helpful to minimize ESD and/or EMI
problems.
26
Smartcat (BL2100)
3.3.4 Programming Port
The RabbitCore module on the BL2100 has a 10-pin programming header. The programming port uses the Rabbit 2000’s Serial Port A for communication. Dynamic C uses the
programming port to download and debug programs.
The programming port is also used for the following operations.
• Cold-boot the Rabbit 2000 on the RabbitCore module after a reset.
• Remotely download and debug a program over an Ethernet connection using the
RabbitLink EG2110.
• Fast copy designated portions of flash memory from one Rabbit-based board (the
master) to another (the slave) using the Rabbit Cloning Board.
In addition to Serial Port A, the Rabbit 2000 startup-mode (SMODE0, SMODE1), status,
and reset pins are available on the serial programming port.
The two startup mode pins determine what happens after a reset—the Rabbit 2000 is
either cold-booted or the program begins executing at address 0x0000.
The status pin is used by Dynamic C to determine whether a Rabbit microprocessor is
present. The status output has three different programmable functions:
1. It can be driven low on the first op code fetch cycle.
2. It can be driven low during an interrupt acknowledge cycle.
3. It can also serve as a general-purpose output.
The /RESET_IN pin is an external input that is used to reset the Rabbit 2000 and the
onboard peripheral circuits on the RabbitCore module. The serial programming port can be
used to force a hard reset on the RabbitCore module by asserting the /RESET_IN signal.
Alternate Uses of the Serial Programming Port
All three clocked Serial Port A signals are available as
• a synchronous serial port
• an asynchronous serial port, with the clock line usable as a general CMOS input
The programming port may also be used as a serial port once the application is running.
The SMODE pins may then be used as inputs and the status pin may be used as an output.
Refer to the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information.
User’s Manual
27
3.4 Programming Cable
The programming cable is used to connect the programming port of the RabbitCore module
to a PC serial COM port. The programming cable converts the RS-232 voltage levels used
by the PC serial port to the TTL voltage levels used by the Rabbit 2000.
When the PROG connector on the programming cable is connected to the RabbitCore
module’s programming header, programs can be downloaded and debugged over the serial
interface.
The DIAG connector of the programming cable may be used on the programming header of
the RabbitCore module with the module operating in the Run Mode. This allows the programming port to be used as a regular serial port.
3.4.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode
The BL2100 is automatically in Program Mode when the PROG connector on the programming cable is attached to the RabbitCore module, and is automatically in Run Mode
when no programming cable is attached. When the Rabbit 2000 is reset, the operating
mode is determined by the status of the SMODE pins. When the programming cable’s
PROG connector is attached, the SMODE pins are pulled high, placing the Rabbit 2000 in
the Program Mode. When the programming cable’s PROG connector is not attached, the
SMODE pins are pulled low, causing the Rabbit 2000 to operate in the Run Mode.
Program Mode
Run Mode
Power
DO00
GND +RAW 232CR 232CT 232DR 232DT DIO0
DIO1
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
+K2
DIO7
+K1
DO09
DO08 DO07
DO06 DO05 DO04
DO03
DO02 DO01
DO00
J7
C95
R151
R158
R134
C86
Y3
Q5
R135
ACT
DS2
R16
C14
R21 R22
C13
R20
R19
Q2
J2
R181
C85
R132
EGND
GND
C29 GND
JP6
JP5
C30
JP2
JP1
R18
U2
C28
U1
C12
R17
RT1
D3
C8
R9
R15
C7
U8 U7
D1
Y1 C4
R1 C17
R2
Q4
DIO1
C1
U3
Y2 C2
R37
D2
R7
U6
R36
R8
BT1
C75
J1
D15
Q3
GND +RAW 232CR 232CT 232DR 232DT DIO0
C95
DO02 DO01
R151
DO03
R158
DO06 DO05 DO04
R134
DO08 DO07
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
DIO7
R181
DO09
C86
R95
Q51
R135
R99
C72
Q47
R104
Q71
Q56
Q59
Q4
R8
RP7
JP6
C13
Q44
R100
Q63
C44
Q48
C69
Q67
RP6
RP5
Q5
Q52
R96
C43
Q43
R136
C85
R103
Q55
Q34
RP4
R82
R84
RP3
R138
JP1
C17
C82
C49
C61
Q30
Q36
R132
C74
D14
Q21
R72
Q38
C56
Q32
C63
Q17
DIO23 DIO22
R76
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
R88
DI15
Q28
DI14
R92
R186 R142
DI13
R80
R10
DI12
U7
C14
R11
R7
C46
C52
C50
R106
C118
R119
Q78
R148
C51
C88
R90
R81
C15
U10
R9
R187
Battery
R143
R139
R86
C65
U4
J22
BT1
RP14 RP15
D9
U17
C22
C21
C25
C48
R140
DI11
Q40
Q15
C91
C24
R133
J17
D18
J14
DIO21 DIO20
Colored edge
Programming Cable
DIAG
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
J11
DI10
C67
J16
C92
C89
C54
U16
R70
U5
C100 R159
U13
C90
U12
R74
R146
U18
RP9
Q13
R145
R152
R149
C96
R154
R147
J20
TP4
R153
R156
C93
C8
C26
R161
C98
C94
Q19
C9
R160
C101
R165
C97
C106
R155
R174
C104
C99
Q11
D3
R162
R172
C103
R78
U1
C102
C111
Q25
Q23
R175
C27
C110
C75
J11
DI09
D8
D6
C114
C113
C11
C115
R177
C7
R179
RP11
L1
J14
DI08
D11
C60
TVS1
C6
J21
R180
C12
R173
C87
C58
Q26
R176
C112
D18
C5
D1
U20
R95
D15
R104
Q71
Q56
Q59
Q44
R100
Q63
J17
U2
Q75
R178
C72
Q48
C69
Q67
RP7
C25
Q74
ADCIN10 ADCIN9 ADCIN8 ADCIN7 ADCIN6 ADCIN5 DAC03 DAC02 AGND DAC01 DAC02 ADCIN4 ADCIN3 ADCIN2 ADCIN1 ADCIN0
R99
Q52
R13
R103
Q51
R96
PROG
R11
JP6
C13
Q47
R136
C44
R82
C43
C61
R84
Q34
R186 R142
RP4
Q30
Q36
Q38
R72
C63
C56
Q32
R10
RP3
Q43
R76
R88
Q28
R11
R8
Q4
DS1
R138
JP1
C82
C49
Q55
R92
R80
Q40
Q21
Q15
C54
R7
C46
C52
C50
RP5
Q5
LNK
R106
C17
RP6
R119
Q78
R148
C51
C88
RP14 RP15
C14
R41
U4
C27
C3
R9
R187
Battery
R143
R140
R139
R133
Q17
C91
R146
BT1
C48
C89
R74
J22
R90
U7
R38
C22
C21
C65
JP3
JP4
J16
C25
R86
C118
Flash
EPROM
R39
C92
C24
U17
D9
R81
C15
U10
U5
C100 R159
U13
C90
U12
Q13
R145
R149
R147
R152
R154
C93
C96
R156
C94
U18
RP9
U16
C26
TP4
R153
C103
R161
R70
Q19
C8
J20
C97
R165
R155
C106
R160
C101
R162
R174
C104
C98
Q11
D3
C9
C102
R172
C99
R78
U1
U20
C111
Q25
Q23
R175
C27
C110
C113
C11
C114
R177
RP11
L1
J1
C74
D14
C67
TVS1
C6
C7
R179
C115
C12
R180
R178
R173
J21
ADCIN10 ADCIN9 ADCIN8 ADCIN7 ADCIN6 ADCIN5 DAC03 DAC02 AGND DAC01 DAC02 ADCIN4 ADCIN3 ADCIN2 ADCIN1 ADCIN0
R176
J4
D11
C60
D8
D6
J1
C58
Q26
C112
C87
C5
D1
+K1
U2
Q75
J7
J4
Q74
+K2
Power
DI08
DI09
DI10
DI11
DI12
DI13
DI14
DI15
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
DIO23 DIO22
DIO21 DIO20
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
Red
shrink wrap
To
PC COM port
RESET BL2100 when changing mode:
Cycle power off/on
after removing or attaching programming cable.
Figure 17. BL2100 Program Mode and Run Mode Set-Up
A program “runs” in either mode, but can only be downloaded and debugged when the
BL2100 is in the Program Mode.
Refer to the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information on the programming port and the programming cable.
28
Smartcat (BL2100)
3.5 A/D Converter Inputs
The single 14-channel A/D converter chip used in the BL2100 has a resolution of 12 bits
(models BL2100 and BL2120 only). Eleven of the 14 channels are available externally,
and three are used internally for the reference voltages: 4.096 V (Vref), 2.048 V (Vref/2),
and Analog Ground. These internal voltages can be used to check the functioning of the
A/D converter chip.
The A/D converter chip only measures voltages between 0 V and the applied reference
voltage. Therefore, each external input has circuitry that provides scaling and buffering.
All 11 external inputs are scaled and buffered to provide the user with an input impedance
of 1 M and a range of -10.24 V to +10.24 V.
Figure 18 shows the buffered A/D converter inputs.
100 nF
+V
200 kW
R IN
ADCIN0
ADCIN1
To ADC
1 MW
1 nF
ADREF
AGND
Figure 18. Buffered A/D Converter Inputs
The op-amp is powered from the +V supply. The 1 M and 200 k resistors set the gain
(scale factor), which is 0.2 in this case. This results in a dynamic input range of 0.2 × 20.48 V
or 4.096 V. The center point of this range is set by the 1.707 V reference voltage. With the
reference set to 1.707 V, the center point is at 0 V and the input voltage can range from
-10.24 V to +10.24 V. To maintain the best accuracy, the input range should be limited to
-10.0 V to +10.0 V.
The A/D converter inputs are factory-calibrated and the calibration constants are stored in
flash memory. You may calibrate the A/D converter inputs at a later time using the software
functions described in Section 4.4.4, “A/D Converter Inputs.” The GETCALIB.C and the
SAVECALIB.C sample programs in the Dynamic C SAMPLES\BL2100\
Calib_Save_Retrieve folder illustrate how to retrieve and save calibration data.
User’s Manual
29
3.6 D/A Converter Outputs
Only the BL2100 and the BL2120 models are stuffed with D/A converters. The D/A converter outputs are buffered and scaled to provide an output from 0 V to +10 V.
NOTE: The D/A converter output voltage depends on the original power-supply voltage,
+RAW, so if +RAW < 13 V, the maximum D/A converter output will be +RAW – 3 V.
Figure 19 shows the D/A converter outputs.
100 nF
255 kW
102 kW
DAC
ADREF
DAC00
86.6 kW
DAC01
AGND
Figure 19. D/A Converter Outputs
D/A Converter Output
Current (mA)
To stay within the maximum power dissipation of the D/A converter circuit, the maximum
D/A converter output current is 10 mA per channel for a power-supply voltage, +RAW, up
to 15 V, and drops to 2 mA per channel for a power-supply voltage of 36 V.
10
2
36
15
9
Power-Supply Voltage, +RAW (V)
Figure 20. Maximum D/A Converter Output
Current vs. Power-Supply Voltage
The D/A converter inputs are factory-calibrated and the calibration constants are stored in
flash memory. You may calibrate the A/D converter inputs at a later time using the software
functions described in Section 4.4.5, “D/A Converter Outputs.” The GETCALIB.C and
the SAVECALIB.C sample programs in the Dynamic C SAMPLES\BL2100\
Calib_Save_Retrieve folder illustrate how to retrieve and save calibration data.
30
Smartcat (BL2100)
3.7 Analog Reference Voltage Circuit
Figure 21 shows the analog voltage reference circuit.
+V
300 W
100 nF
14 kW
ADREF
4.096 V
ref diode
4.096 V
25.5 kW
1.707 V
10 kW
10.2 kW
2.926 V
2.048 V
100 nF
25.5 kW
100 nF
25.5 kW
100 nF
Figure 21. Analog Reference Voltages
This circuit generates the 4.096 V reference voltage, which is used by the A/D converter
and by the D/A converters. This sets the operating range of the A/D converter and the D/A
converters (0–10 V). To use the full accuracy of the A/D converter and the D/A converters, this voltage must be accurate to the same degree.
The reference zener diode in combination with the 300 resistor form a shunt regulator.
The 4.096 V reference voltage then feeds the A/D converter, the D/A converters, and the
voltage divider composed of the 10 k and the 14 k resistors. The voltage divider generates a second reference voltage of 1.707 V to feed the four op-amps for the buffered A/D
converter inputs.
The 2.048 V reference voltage is also used to generate the 2.5 V reference for D-REF used
in the digital output circuit.
User’s Manual
31
3.8 Memory
3.8.1 SRAM
The BL2100 module is designed to accept 128K to 512K of SRAM packaged in an SOIC
case. The standard BL2100 modules come with 128K of SRAM.
3.8.2 Flash Memory
The BL2100 is also designed to accept 128K to 512K of flash memory packaged in a
TSOP case. The standard BL2100 modules comes with one 256K flash memory.
NOTE: Rabbit recommends that any customer applications should not be constrained by
the sector size of the flash memory since it may be necessary to change the sector size
in the future.
A Flash Memory Bank Select jumper configuration option based on 0 surface-mounted
resistors exists at header JP2 on the RabbitCore module. This option, used in conjunction
with some configuration macros, allows Dynamic C to compile two different co-resident
programs for the upper and lower halves of the 256K flash in such a way that both programs start at logical address 0000. This is useful for applications that require a resident
download manager and a separate downloaded program. See Technical Note 218, Implementing a Serial Download Manager for a 256K Flash, for details.
32
Smartcat (BL2100)
3.9 Other Hardware
3.9.1 External Interrupts
The BL2100 is already configured to support external interrupts on pin 11 of screw-terminal
header J11. The external interrupt circuit is shown in Figure 22.
J11
12
11
10
External Interrupt
Request
INT1B
23
Interrupt Request #1
29
R66
1 kW
INT0B
Edge
Detectors
24
Interrupt Request #0
30
Single-Interrupt Request
Figure 22. Use of Rabbit 2000 External Interrupt
In addition to its primary use as an external interrupt, pin 11 of screw-terminal header J11
may also be used as a CMOS-level digital input or output, or to generate a PWM signal.
When using pin 11 as a CMOS-level digital input or output, use the standard Rabbit 2000
register function configuration for PE5 (on Parallel Port E) to set this pin up for your
intended use. Be aware that there is no provision for protection against voltage spikes
while PE5 is pulled up to Vcc with a 27 k pull-up resistor.
The sample program PWM.C in the Dynamic C SAMPLES/BL2100 directory illustrates
how to use pin 11 of screw-terminal header J11 to generate a PWM signal.
User’s Manual
33
3.9.2 Clock Doubler
The BL2100 takes advantage of the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler.
A built-in clock doubler allows half-frequency crystals to be used to reduce radiated emissions. The 22.1 MHz frequency is generated using an 11.0592 MHz crystal. The clock
doubler is disabled automatically in the BIOS for crystals with a frequency above
12.9 MHz.
The clock doubler may be disabled if 22.1 MHz clock speeds are not required. Disabling
the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler will reduce power consumption
and further reduce radiated emissions. The clock doubler is disabled with a simple configuration macro as shown below.
1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.
2. Add the line CLOCK_DOUBLED=0 to always disable the clock doubler.
The clock doubler is enabled by default, and usually no entry is needed. If you need to specify
that the clock doubler is always enabled, add the line CLOCK_DOUBLED=1 to always enable
the clock doubler. The clock speed will be doubled as long as the crystal frequency is
less than or equal to 26.7264 MHz.
3. Click OK to save the macro. The clock doubler will now remain off whenever you are in the
project file where you defined the macro.
3.9.3 Spectrum Spreader
BL2100 boards that carry the CE mark on their RabbitCore module have a Rabbit 2000
microprocessor that features a spectrum spreader, which helps to mitigate EMI problems.
By default, the spectrum spreader is on automatically for BL2100 boards that carry the CE
mark when used with Dynamic C 7.30 or later versions, but the spectrum spreader may
also be turned off or set to a stronger setting. The means for doing so is through a simple
configuration macro as shown below.
.
1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.
2. Normal spreading is the default, and usually no entry is needed. If you need to specify normal
spreading, add the line
ENABLE_SPREADER=1
For strong spreading, add the line
ENABLE_SPREADER=2
To disable the spectrum spreader, add the line
ENABLE_SPREADER=0
NOTE: The strong spectrum-spreading setting is unnecessary for the BL2000.
3. Click OK to save the macro. The spectrum spreader will now be set to the state specified by
the macro value whenever you are in the project file where you defined the macro.
There is no spectrum spreader functionality for BL2100 boards that do not carry the CE
mark on their RabbitCore module or when using any BL2100 with a version of Dynamic C
prior to 7.30.
34
Smartcat (BL2100)
4. SOFTWARE
Dynamic C is an integrated development system for writing
embedded software. It runs on an IBM-compatible PC and is
designed for use with single-board computers and other devices
based on the Rabbit microprocessor.
Chapter 4 provides the libraries, function calls, and sample programs related to the BL2100.
4.1 Running Dynamic C
You have a choice of doing your software development in the flash memory or in the static
RAM included on the BL2100. The flash memory and SRAM options are selected with
the Options > Compiler menu.
The advantage of working in RAM is to save wear on the flash memory, which is limited
to about 100,000 write cycles. The disadvantage is that the code and data might not both
fit in RAM.
NOTE: An application can be developed in RAM, but cannot run standalone from RAM
after the programming cable is disconnected. Standalone applications can only run from
flash memory.
NOTE: Do not depend on the flash memory sector size or type. Due to the volatility of
the flash memory market, the BL2100 and Dynamic C were designed to accommodate
flash devices with various sector sizes.
BL2100s that are special-ordered with 512K flash/512K SRAM memory options have two
256K flash memories. By default, Dynamic C will use only the first flash memory for
program code in these BL2100s. Uncomment the USE_2NDFLASH_CODE macro within
the RABBITBIOS.C file in the Dynamic C BIOS folder to allow the second flash memory
to hold any program code that is in excess of the available memory in the first flash.
User’s Manual
35
Developing software with Dynamic C is simple. Users can write, compile, and test C and
assembly code without leaving the Dynamic C development environment. Debugging
occurs while the application runs on the target. Alternatively, users can compile a program
to an image file for later loading. Dynamic C runs on PCs under Windows 2000 and
later—see Rabbit’s Technical Note TN257, Running Dynamic C® With Windows Vista®,
for additional information if you are using a Dynamic C release prior to v. 9.60 under
Windows Vista. Programs can be downloaded at baud rates of up to 460,800 bps after the
program compiles.
Dynamic C has a number of standard features.
• Full-feature source and/or assembly-level debugger, no in-circuit emulator required.
• Royalty-free TCP/IP stack with source code and most common protocols.
• Hundreds of functions in source-code libraries and sample programs:
Exceptionally fast support for floating-point arithmetic and transcendental functions.
RS-232 and RS-485 serial communication.
Analog and digital I/O drivers.
I2C, SPI, GPS, file system.
LCD display and keypad drivers.
• Powerful language extensions for cooperative or preemptive multitasking
• Loader utility program to load binary images into Rabbit-based targets in the absence
of Dynamic C.
• Provision for customers to create their own source code libraries and augment on-line
help by creating “function description” block comments using a special format for
library functions.
• Execution tracing and symbolic stack tracing.
• Standard debugging features:
Breakpoints—Set breakpoints that can disable interrupts.
Single-stepping—Step into or over functions at a source or machine code level, µC/OS-II aware.
Code disassembly—The disassembly window displays addresses, opcodes, mnemonics, and
machine cycle times. Switch between debugging at machine-code level and source-code level by
simply opening or closing the disassembly window.
Watch expressions—Watch expressions are compiled when defined, so complex expressions
including function calls may be placed into watch expressions. Watch expressions can be updated
with or without stopping program execution.
Register window—All processor registers and flags are displayed. The contents of general registers
may be modified in the window by the user.
Stack window—shows the contents of the top of the stack.
Hex memory dump—displays the contents of memory at any address.
STDIO window—printf outputs to this window and keyboard input on the host PC can be
detected for debugging purposes. printf output may also be sent to a serial port or file.
36
Smartcat (BL2100)
4.1.1 Upgrading Dynamic C
4.1.1.1 Patches and Bug Fixes
Dynamic C patches that focus on bug fixes are available from time to time. Check our
Web site www.rabbit.com/support/ for the latest patches, workarounds, and bug fixes.
The default installation of a patch or bug fix is to install the file in a directory (folder) different from that of the original Dynamic C installation. Rabbit recommends using a different directory so that you can verify the operation of the patch without overwriting the
existing Dynamic C installation. If you have made any changes to the BIOS or to libraries,
or if you have programs in the old directory (folder), make these same changes to the
BIOS or libraries in the new directory containing the patch. Do not simply copy over an
entire file since you may overwrite a bug fix; of course, you may copy over any programs
you have written. Once you are sure the new patch works entirely to your satisfaction, you
may retire the existing installation, but keep it available to handle legacy applications.
4.1.2 Extras
Dynamic C installations are designed for use with the board they are included with, and
are included at no charge as part of our low-cost kits.
Starting with Dynamic C version 9.60, Dynamic C includes the popular µC/OS-II realtime operating system, point-to-point protocol (PPP), FAT file system, RabbitWeb, and
other select libraries. Rabbit also offers for purchase the Rabbit Embedded Security Pack
featuring the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and a specific Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES) library.
In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year
telephone-based technical support subscription is also available for purchase.
Visit our Web site at www.rabbit.com for further information and complete documentation.
User’s Manual
37
4.2 Sample Programs
Sample programs are provided in the Dynamic C Samples folder. The sample program
PONG.C demonstrates the output to the STDIO window.
The various directories in the Samples folder contain specific sample programs that illustrate the use of the corresponding Dynamic C libraries.
The BL2100 folder provides sample programs specific to the BL2100. Each sample program has comments that describe the purpose and function of the program. Follow the
instructions at the beginning of the sample program.
To run a sample program, open it with the File menu (if it is not still open), compile it
using the Compile menu, and then run it by selecting Run in the Run menu. The BL2100
must be connected to a PC using the programming cable as described in Section 2.1,
“BL2100 Connections.”
More complete information on Dynamic C is provided in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.
TCP/IP specific functions are described in the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual. Information on using the TCP/IP features and sample programs is provided in Section 5,
“Using the TCP/IP Features.”
4.2.1 Digital I/O
The following sample programs are found in the IO subdirectory in SAMPLES\BL2100.
• DIGIN.C—Demonstrates the use of the digital inputs. Using the Demonstration Board,
you can see an input channel toggle from HIGH to LOW when pressing a pushbutton
on the Demonstration Board. See Appendix D for hookup instructions for the Demonstration Board.
• DIGOUT.C—Demonstrates the use of the high-current outputs configured as either
sinking or sourcing outputs. Using the Demonstration Board, you can see an LED toggle on/off via a high-current output. See Appendix D for hookup instructions for the
Demonstration Board.
• PWM.C—Demonstrates the use of Timer B to generate a PWM signal on PE5-INT
located on header J11/J10. The program generates a 42 Hz PWM signal with the duty
cycle adjustable from 1 to 99%.
4.2.2 Serial Communication
The following sample programs are found in the RS232 subdirectory in SAMPLES\BL2100.
• PUTS.C—Transmits and then receives an ASCII string on Serial Ports B and C. It also
displays the serial data received from both ports in the STDIO window.
• RELAYCHR.C—This program echoes characters over Serial Port B to Serial Port C. It
must be run with a serial utility such as Hyperterminal.
38
Smartcat (BL2100)
The following sample programs are found in the RS485 subdirectory in SAMPLES\BL2100.
• MASTER.C—This program demonstrates a simple RS-485 transmission of lower case
letters to a slave BL2100. The slave will send back converted upper case letters back to
the master BL2100 and display them in the STDIO window. Use SLAVE.C to program
the slave BL2100.
• SLAVE.C—This program demonstrates a simple RS-485 transmission of lower case
letters to a slave BL2100. The slave will send back converted upper case letters back to
the master BL2100 and display them in the STDIO window. Use MASTER.C to program
the master BL2100.
4.2.3 A/D Converter Inputs
The following sample programs are found in the ADC subdirectory in SAMPLES\BL2100.
• AD_CALIB.C—Demonstrates how to recalibrate an A/D converter channel using two
knownvoltages to generate two coefficients, gain and offset, which are rewritten into
the user block data area. The voltage that is being monitored is displayed continuously.
Make sure that you don't exceed the voltage range of the A/D converter input channel.
NOTE: This sample program will overwrite the calibration constants set at the factory.
• AD1.C—Demonstrates how to access the A/D internal test voltages in both the
TLC2543 and TLC1543 A/D converter chips. The program reads the A/D internal voltages and then uses the STDIO window to display the RAW data.
• AD2.C—Demonstrates how to access the A/D channels using the anaInVolt function. The program uses the STDIO window to display the voltage that is being monitored.
• AD3.C—Demonstrates how to access the A/D converter channels with the low-level
A/D driver. The program uses the STDIO window to display the voltage that is being
monitored on all the A/D channels using the low-level A/D driver.
• AD4.C—Demonstrates how to use the A/D converter channels with the low-level A/D
driver. The program uses the STDIO window to display the voltage (average of 10 samples) that is being monitored on all the A/D converter channels using the low-level A/D
driver.
4.2.4 D/A Converter Outputs
The following sample programs are found in the DAC subdirectory in SAMPLES\BL2100.
• DACAL.C—This program demonstrates how to recalibrate an D/A converter channel
using two known voltages, and defines the two coefficients, gain and offset, that will be
rewritten into the D/A converter's EEPROM simulated in flash memory.
NOTE: This sample program will overwrite the calibration constants set at the factory.
• DAOUT1.C—This program outputs a voltage that can be read with a voltmeter. The output voltage is computed using the calibration constants that are read from the EEPROM
simulated in flash memory.
User’s Manual
39
• DAOUT2.C—This program demonstrates the use of both the D/A and the A/D converters. The user selects both the D/A converter and A/D channel to be used, then sets the
D/A converter output voltage to be read by the A/D channel. All activity will be displayed in the STDIO window.
4.2.5 Using Calibration Constants
The following sample programs are found in the Calib_Save_Retrieve subdirectory
in SAMPLES\BL2100. Note that both sample programs prompt you to use a serial number
for the BL2100. This serial number can be any 5-digit number of your choice, and will be
unique to a particular BL2100. Do not use the MAC address on the bar code label of the
RabbitCore module attached to the BL2100 since you may at some later time use that particular RabbitCore module on another BL2100, and the previously saved calibration data
would no longer apply.
• GETCALIB.C—This program demonstrates how to retrieve your analog calibration
data to rewrite it back to the simulated EEPROM in flash with using a serial utility such
as Tera Term.
NOTE: Calibration data must be saved previously in a file by the sample program
SAVECALIB.C.
• SAVECALIB.C—This program demonstrates how to save your analog calibration coefficients using a serial port and a PC serial utility such as Tera Term.
NOTE: Use the sample program GETCALIB.C to retrieve the data and rewrite it to the
single-board computer.
4.2.6 Real-Time Clock
If you plan to use the real-time clock functionality in your application, you will need to set
the real-time clock. You may set the real-time clock using the SETRTCKB.C sample program from the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RTCLOCK folder. The RTC_TEST.C sample program in
the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RTCLOCK folder provides additional examples of how to read and
set the real-time clock
4.2.7 TCP/IP Sample Programs
TCP/IP sample programs are described in Chapter 5.
4.2.8 LCD/Keypad Module Sample Programs
Sample programs for the LCD/keypad module are described in Section C.7.
40
Smartcat (BL2100)
4.3 BL2100 Libraries
Two library directories provide libraries of function calls that are used to develop applications for the BL2100.
• BL2100—libraries associated with features specific to the BL2100. The functions in the
BL21xx.LIB library are described in Section 4.4, “BL2100 Function APIs,”.
• TCPIP—libraries specific to using TCP/IP functions on the BL2100.
Two other library directories provide libraries of function calls that are used to develop
applications for the optional BL2100 LCD/keypad module.
• DISPLAYS\GRAPHIC—libraries associated with LCD display.
• KEYPADS–libraries associated with the keypad.
The LCD/keypad module functions are described in Section C.8. Other generic functions
applicable to all devices based on the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor are described in the
Dynamic C Function Reference Manual.
User’s Manual
41
4.4 BL2100 Function APIs
4.4.1 Board Initialization
void brdInit (void);
Call this function at the beginning of your program. This function initializes the system I/O ports and
loads all the A/D converter and D/A converter calibration constants from flash memory into SRAM for
use by your program. If the LCD/keypad module is installed, this function will turn off LED DS1 to indicate that the initialization was successful.
The ports are initialized according to Table A-3.
SEE ALSO
digOut, digIn, serMode, anaOut, anaIn, anaInDriver, anaOutDriver
42
Smartcat (BL2100)
4.4.2 Digital I/O
void digOutConfig(unsigned int outputMode);
Each of the BL2100 high-current outputs (OUT00–OUT15) has the capability of being configured in
software as either sinking or sourcing using the digOutConfig function. Execute digOutConfig
at the start of your application to initially set OUT00–OUT15 to be OFF for the type of circuit that you
have, either sinking or sourcing.
To properly set the high-current outputs, you will need to decide for each channel whether the output is
sinking or sourcing. The digOutConfig function will then ensure that each output remains OFF when
the digital output control interface is initialized. The individual high-current outputs remain activated
until you activate the desired output driver(s)/channel(s) using digOut.
NOTE: The brdInit function must be executed before calling digOutConfig.
NOTE: You must execute the digOutConfig function to set the high-current drivers to be
either sinking or sourcing. A runtime error will occur in digOut if digOutConfig has not
executed.
NOTE: The extra digital outputs resulting from the reconfiguration of IN16–IN23 as digital outputs are sinking outputs only and cannot be configured with digOutConfig.
PARAMETER
outputMode is a 16-bit parameter where each bit corresponds to one of the following high-current
outputs.
Bit 15 = high-current output channel OUT15
Bit 14 = high-current output channel OUT14
Bit 13 = high-current output channel OUT13
Bit 12 = high-current output channel OUT12
Bit 11 = high-current output channel OUT11
Bit 10 = high-current output channel OUT10
Bit 9 = high-current output channel OUT09
Bit 8 = high-current output channel OUT08
Bit 7 = high-current output channel OUT07
Bit 6 = high-current output channel OUT06
Bit 5 = high-current output channel OUT05
Bit 4 = high-current output channel OUT04
Bit 3 = high-current output channel OUT03
Bit 2 = high-current output channel OUT02
Bit 1 = high-current output channel OUT01
Bit 0 = high-current output channel OUT00
The high-current outputs can be configured to be sinking or sourcing outputs by setting the corresponding bit to an 0 or 1: 0 = sinking, 1 = sourcing.
RETURN VALUE
None.
SEE ALSO
brdInit, digOut
EXAMPLE
outputMode = 0x0ff1; //
//
//
//
//
User’s Manual
Outputs OUT15–OUT12 = Sinking
Outputs OUT11–OUT08 = Sourcing
Outputs OUT07–OUT04 = Sourcing
Outputs OUT03–OUT01 = Sinking
Output OUT00 = Sourcing
43
void digOut(int channel, int value);
Sets the state of a digital output (OUT00–OUT15).
Remember to call the brdInit and the digOutConfig functions before executing this function.
A runtime error will occur for the following conditions:
1. channel or value out of range.
2. brdInit or digOutConfig was not executed before executing digOut.
PARAMETERS
channel is the output channel number (0–15, 0–23 if IN16–IN23 are configured as digital outputs).
value is the output value (0 or 1).
SEE ALSO
brdInit, digIn, digOutConfig
int digIn(int channel);
Reads the state of an input channel.
A run-time error will occur for the following conditions:
1. channel out of range.
2. brdInit was not executed before executing digIn.
PARAMETER
channel is the input channel number (0–23)
RETURN VALUE
The state of the input (0 or 1).
SEE ALSO
brdInit, digOut
44
Smartcat (BL2100)
4.4.3 Serial Communication
Library files included with Dynamic C provide a full range of serial communications support. The RS232.LIB library provides a set of circular-buffer-based serial functions. The
PACKET.LIB library provides packet-based serial functions where packets can be delimited by the 9th bit, by transmission gaps, or with user-defined special characters. Both
libraries provide blocking functions, which do not return until they are finished transmitting or receiving, and nonblocking functions, which must be called repeatedly until they
are finished. For more information, see the Dynamic C User’s Manual and Technical
Note 213, Rabbit Serial Port Software.
Use the following function calls with the BL2100.
int serMode(int mode);
User interface to set up BL2100 serial communication lines. Call this function after serXOpen().
Whether you are opening one or multiple serial ports, this function must be executed after executing the
last serXOpen function AND before you start using any of the serial ports. This function is non-reentrant.
If Mode 1 is selected, CTS/RTS flow control is exercised using the serCflowcontrolOn and
serCflowcontrolOff functions from the RS232.LIB library.
PARAMETER
mode is the defined serial port configuration.
Serial Port
Mode
B
C
D
0
RS-232, 3-wire
RS-232, 3-wire
RS-485
1
RS-232, 5-wire
CTS/RTS
RS-485
RETURN VALUE
0 if valid mode, 1 if not.
SEE ALSO
ser485Tx, ser485Rx
void ser485Tx(void);
Sets pin 3 (DE) high to enable the RS-485 transmitter.
SEE ALSO
serMode, ser485Rx
void ser485Rx(void);
Resets pin 3 (DE) low to disable the RS-485 transmitter.
SEE ALSO
serMode, ser485Tx, serCflowcontrolOn, serCflowcontrolOff
User’s Manual
45
4.4.4 A/D Converter Inputs
The functions in this section apply only to the BL2100 and the BL2120 models.
int anaInCalib(int channel, int value1,
float volts1, int value2, float volts2);
Calibrates the response of the A/D converter channel as a linear function using the two conversion points
provided. Gain and offset constants are calculated and placed into global table _adcCalib.
PARAMETERS
channel is the A/D converter input channel (0–10).
value1 is the first A/D converter channel value (0–4095).
volts1 is the voltage corresponding to the first A/D converter channel value (-10 V to +10 V).
value2 is the second A/D converter channel value (0–4095).
volts2 is the voltage corresponding to the second A/D converter channel value (-10 V to +10 V).
RETURN VALUE
0 if successful.
-1 if not able to make calibration constants.
SEE ALSO
anaIn, anaInVolts, brdInit
46
Smartcat (BL2100)
int anaInDriver(unsigned char cmd, char len);
Reads the voltage of an analog input channel by serially clocking out an 8-bit command to the A/D converter. The driver has been designed for the Texas Instruments TLC2543 A/D converter used on the
BL2100 and the BL2120.
PARAMETERS
cmd is formatted as follows.
TLC2543 commands
D7–D4
Channel 0–10
Channel 11 = (Vref+ - Vref-)/2
Channel 12 = VrefChannel 13 = Vref+
Channel 14 = software powerdown
D3–D2
Output data length:
01—8 bits
00—12 bits (normally used as default)
11—16 bits (not supported by driver)
D1
Output data format
0—MSB first
1—LSB first (not supported by driver)
D0
Mode of operation
0—Unipolar (normally used as default)
1—Bipolar
len is the output data length:
0 = 12-bit mode
1 = 8-bit mode
RETURN VALUE
A value corresponding to the voltage on the A/D converter input channel, which will be:
0–4095 for 12-bit A/D conversions
0–255 for 8-bit A/D conversions
SEE ALSO
anaIn, anaInVolts, brdInit
EXAMPLE
Look at the sample programs in SAMPLES\BL2100\ADC.
User’s Manual
47
int anaIn(unsigned int channel);
Reads the state of an A/D converter input channel.
PARAMETER
channel is the A/D converter input channel (0–10) to read.
RETURN VALUE
A value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel (0–4095).
SEE ALSO
anaInVolts, anaInCalib, anaInfast, brdInit
float anaInVolts(unsigned int channel);
Reads the state of an A/D converter input channel and uses the previously set calibration constants to
convert it to volts.
PARAMETER
channel is the A/D converter input channel (0–10).
RETURN VALUE
A voltage value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel.
SEE ALSO
anaIn, anaInCalib, brdInit
int anaInEERd(unsigned int channel);
Reads the calibration constants, gain, and offset from the simulated EEPROM in flash memory (located
in reserved user block memory area 0x1C00–0x1FFF).
PARAMETER
channel is the A/D converter input channel (0–10).
RETURN VALUE
0 if successful.
-1 if address is invalid or out of range.
SEE ALSO
anaInEEWr, brdInit
48
Smartcat (BL2100)
int anaInEEWr(unsigned int channel);
Writes the calibration constants, gain, and offset to the simulated EEPROM in flash memory (located in
reserved user block memory area 0x1C00–0x1FFF).
PARAMETER
channel is the A/D converter input channel (0–10) for which the calibration constants will be read.
RETURN VALUE
0 if successful.
-1 if address is invalid or out of range.
SEE ALSO
anaInEERd,
User’s Manual
brdInit
49
4.4.5 D/A Converter Outputs
The functions in this section apply only to the BL2100 and the BL2120 models.
int anaOutCalib(int channel, int value1,
float volts1, int value2, float volts2);
Calibrates the response of the D/A converter channel desired as a linear function using the two conversion points provided. Gain and offset constants are calculated and placed into global table _dacCalib.
PARAMETERS
channel is the D/A converter output channel (0–3).
value1 is the first D/A converter value (0–4095).
volts1 is the voltage corresponding to the first D/A converter value (0 V to +10 V).
value2 is the second D/A converter value (0–4095).
volts2 is the voltage corresponding to the second D/A converter value (0 V to +10 V).
RETURN VALUE
0 if sucessful.
-1 if not able to make calibration constants.
SEE ALSO
anaOut, anaOutVolts, brdInit
50
Smartcat (BL2100)
void anaOutDriver(int power_control,
int speed_control, int channel,
unsigned int rawcount);
Sets the voltage of a D/A converter output channel by serially clocking in 16 bits to a D/A converter
using the following format:
D15, D12
Register R1, Register R0
00—Write data to DAC OUTB
01—Write data to buffer
10—Write data to DAC OUTA
11—Reserved
D14
Speed control
0—slow
1—fast (default)
D13
Power control
0—normal (default)
1—powerdown
D11–D0
Data bits, MSB–LSB (0–4095)
PARAMETERS
power_control is the D/A converter power control option (0—normal (default) or 1—powerdown).
When the power-down mode is selected, the only other parameter that is used is the D/A converter channel (channel). The values of the other parameters are not considered.
Two D/A converter channels are affected when putting a D/A converter output in powerdown or normal
mode.
Powerdown Mode:
When power_control equals 1 and channel is 0 or 1, then both D/A converter channels 0
and 1 are put in powerdown mode (channels 2 and 3 not affected).
When power_control equals 1 and channel is 2 or 3, then both D/A converter channels 2
and 3 are put in powerdown mode (channels 0 and 1 not affected).
Normal Mode:
When power_control equals 1 and channel is 0 or 1, then both D/A converter channels 0
and 1 are put in normal mode. (channels 2 and 3 not affected).
When power_control equals 1 and channel is 2 or 3, then both D/A converter channels 2
and 3 are put in normal mode (channels 0 and 1 not affected).
User’s Manual
51
speed_control is the D/A converter power control option (0—slow or 1—fast (default)).
Mode
Speed vs. Power Dissipation
0—slow
12 µs access vs. 1 mA
1—fast (default)
3 µs access vs. 2.3 mA
Test conditions from TI's data sheet (TLV5618A D/A converter) for the speed-control option:
- No load.
- All inputs are at GND or VDD.
- D/A converter latch = 0x800.
channel is the D/A converter output channel to write (0–3).
rawcount is the data value corresponding to the desired voltage on the analog output channel (0–4095).
RETURN VALUE
None
SEE ALSO
anaOut, anaOutVolts, anaOutCalib
void anaOut(unsigned int channel,
unsigned int rawcount);
Sets the voltage of a D/A converter output channel.
PARAMETERS
channel is the D/A converter output channel (0–3).
rawcount is a data value corresponding to the voltage desired on the output channel (0–4095).
RETURN VALUE
0 if sucessful.
-1 if rawcount is more than 4095.
SEE ALSO
anaOutDriver, anaOutVolts, anaOutCalib
void anaOutVolts(unsigned int ch, float voltage);
Sets the voltage of a D/A converter output channel by using the previously set calibration constants to
calculate the correct data values.
PARAMETERS
channel is the D/A converter output channel (0–3).
voltage is the voltage desired on the output channel.
RETURN VALUE
None.
SEE ALSO
anaOut, anaOutCalib, brdInit
52
Smartcat (BL2100)
int anaOutEERd(unsigned int channel);
Reads the calibration constants, gain, and offset from the simulated EEPROM in flash memory (located
in reserved user block memory area 0x1C00–0x1FFF).
PARAMETER
channel is the D/A converter output channel (0–3).
RETURN VALUE
0 if successful.
-1 if address or range is invalid.
SEE ALSO
anaOutEEWr, brdInit
int anaOutEEWr(unsigned int channel);
Writes the calibration constants, gain, and offset to the simulated EEPROM in flash memory (located in
reserved user block memory area 0x1C00–0x1FFF).
PARAMETER
channel is the D/A converter output channel (0–3).
RETURN VALUE
0 if successful.
-1 if address or range is invalid.
SEE ALSO
anaOutEERd, brdInit
User’s Manual
53
54
Smartcat (BL2100)
5. USING THE TCP/IP FEATURES
Chapter 5 discusses using the TCP/IP features on the BL2100
and BL2110 boards. The TCP/IP feature is not available on
BL2120 and BL2130 versions.
5.1 TCP/IP Connections
Before proceeding you will need to have the following items.
• If you don’t have Ethernet access, you will need at least a 10Base-T Ethernet card
(available from your favorite computer supplier) installed in a PC.
• Two RJ-45 straight through Ethernet cables and a hub, or an RJ-45 crossover Ethernet
cable.
The Ethernet cables and Ethernet hub are available from Rabbit in a TCP/IP tool kit. More
information is available at www.rabbit.com.
1. Connect the AC adapter and the programming cable as shown in Chapter 2, “Getting
Started.”
2. Ethernet Connections
If you do not have access to an Ethernet network, use a crossover Ethernet cable to connect the BL2100 to a PC that at least has a 10Base-T Ethernet card.
If you have Ethernet access, use a straight through Ethernet cable to establish an Ethernet
connection to the BL2100 from an Ethernet hub. These connections are shown in Figure 23.
BL2100
Board
User’s PC
BL2100
Board
Ethernet
cables
Ethernet
crossover
cable
Direct Connection
(Network of 2 computers)
To additional
network
Hub
elements
Direct Connection Using a Hub
Figure 23. Ethernet Connections
User’s Manual
55
The PC running Dynamic C through the serial programming port on the BL2100 does not
need to be the PC with the Ethernet card.
3. Apply Power
Plug in the AC adapter. The BL2100 is now ready to be used.
NOTE: A hardware RESET is accomplished by unplugging the AC adapter, then plugging it back in, or by momentarily grounding the board reset input at pin 9 on screwterminal header J2.
When working with the BL2100, the green LNK light is on when a program is running and
the board is properly connected either to an Ethernet hub or to an active Ethernet card. The
orange ACT light flashes each time a packet is received.
56
Smartcat (BL2100)
5.2 TCP/IP Sample Programs
We have provided a number of sample programs demonstrating various uses of TCP/IP for
networking embedded systems. These programs require that you connect your PC and the
BL2100 together on the same network. This network can be a local private network (preferred for initial experimentation and debugging), or a connection via the Internet.
5.2.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs
With the introduction of Dynamic C 7.30 we have taken steps to make it easier to run
many of our sample programs. You will see a TCPCONFIG macro. This macro tells
Dynamic C to select your configuration from a list of default configurations. You will
have three choices when you encounter a sample program with the TCPCONFIG macro.
1. You can replace the TCPCONFIG macro with individual MY_IP_ADDRESS,
MY_NETMASK, MY_GATEWAY, and MY_NAMESERVER macros in each program.
2. You can leave TCPCONFIG at the usual default of 1, which will set the IP configurations
to 10.10.6.100, the netmask to 255.255.255.0, and the nameserver and gateway
to 10.10.6.1. If you would like to change the default values, for example, to use an IP
address of 10.1.1.2 for the BL2100 board, and 10.1.1.1 for your PC, you can edit
the values in the section that directly follows the “General Configuration” comment in
the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. You will find this library in the LIB\TCPIP directory.
3. You can create a CUSTOM_CONFIG.LIB library and use a TCPCONFIG value greater
than 100. Instructions for doing this are at the beginning of the TCP_CONFIG.LIB
library in the LIB\TCPIP directory.
There are some other “standard” configurations for TCPCONFIG that let you select different features such as DHCP. Their values are documented at the top of the
TCP_CONFIG.LIB library in the LIB\TCPIP directory. More information is available in
the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual.
IP Addresses Before Dynamic C 7.30
Most of the sample programs use macros to define the IP address assigned to the board and
the IP address of the gateway, if there is a gateway. Instead of the TCPCONFIG macro, you
will see a MY_IP_ADDRESS macro and other macros.
#define
#define
#define
#define
MY_IP_ADDRESS "10.10.6.170"
MY_NETMASK "255.255.255.0"
MY_GATEWAY "10.10.6.1"
MY_NAMESERVER "10.10.6.1"
In order to do a direct connection, the following IP addresses can be used for the BL2100:
#define MY_IP_ADDRESS "10.1.1.2"
#define MY_NETMASK "255.255.255.0"
// #define MY_GATEWAY "10.10.6.1"
// #define MY_NAMESERVER "10.10.6.1"
In this case, the gateway and nameserver are not used, and are commented out. The IP
address of the board is defined to be 10.1.1.2. The IP address of you PC can be defined
as 10.1.1.1.
User’s Manual
57
5.2.2 How to Set Up Your Computer for Direct Connect
Follow these instructions to set up your PC or notebook. Check with your administrator if
you are unable to change the settings as described here since you may need administrator
privileges. The instructions are specifically for Windows 2000, but the interface is similar
for other versions of Windows.
TIP: If you are using a PC that is already on a network, you will disconnect the PC from
that network to run these sample programs. Write down the existing settings before
changing them to facilitate restoring them when you are finished with the sample programs and reconnect your PC to the network.
1. Go to the control panel (Start > Settings > Control Panel), and then double-click the
Network icon.
2. Select the network interface card used for the Ethernet interface you intend to use (e.g.,
TCP/IP Xircom Credit Card Network Adapter) and click on the “Properties” button.
Depending on which version of Windows your PC is running, you may have to select
the “Local Area Connection” first, and then click on the “Properties” button to bring up
the Ethernet interface dialog. Then “Configure” your interface card for a “10Base-T
Half-Duplex” or an “Auto-Negotiation” connection on the “Advanced” tab.
NOTE: Your network interface card will likely have a different name.
3. Now select the IP Address tab, and check Specify an IP Address, or select TCP/IP and
click on “Properties” to assign an IP address to your computer (this will disable “obtain
an IP address automatically”):
IP Address : 10.10.6.101
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
Default gateway : 10.10.6.1
4. Click or to exit the various dialog boxes.
BL2100
Board
IP 10.10.6.101
Netmask
255.255.255.0
User’s PC
Ethernet
crossover
cable
Direct Connection PC to BL2100 Board
58
Smartcat (BL2100)
5.2.3 Run the PINGME.C Demo
Connect the crossover cable from your computer’s Ethernet port to the BL2100’s RJ-45
Ethernet connector. Open this sample program from the SAMPLES\TCPIP\ICMP folder,
compile the program, and start it running under Dynamic C. When the program starts running, the green LNK light on the BL2100 should be on to indicate an Ethernet connection
is made. (Note: If the LNK light does not light, you may not have a crossover cable, or if
you are using a hub perhaps the power is off on the hub.)
The next step is to ping the board from your PC. This can be done by bringing up the MSDOS window and running the ping program:
ping 10.10.6.100
or by Start > Run
and typing the command
ping 10.10.6.100
Notice that the orange ACT light flashes on the BL2100 while the ping is taking place, and
indicates the transfer of data. The ping routine will ping the board four times and write a
summary message on the screen describing the operation.
User’s Manual
59
5.2.4 Running More Demo Programs With a Direct Connection
The program SSI.C (SAMPLES\BL2100\TCPIP\) demonstrates how to make the
BL2100 a Web server. This program allows you to turn the LEDs on an attached Demonstration Board from the Tool Kit on and off from a remote Web browser. LED0 and LED1
on the LCD/keypad module (LED1 and LED2 on the Demonstration Board) will match
those on the Web page. As long as you have not modified the TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the
sample program, enter the following server address in your Web browser to bring up the
Web page served by the sample program.
http://10.10.6.100.
Otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library.
The sample program SMTP.C (SAMPLES\BL2100\TCPIP\) allows you to send an E-mail
when a switch on the Demonstration Board is pressed. Follow the instructions included
with the sample program.
The sample program TELNET.C (SAMPLES\BL2100\TCPIP\) allows you to communicate with the BL2100 using the Telnet protocol. This program takes anything that comes
in on a port and sends it out Serial Port B. It uses digital input IN00 to indicate that the
TCP/IP connection should be closed, and it uses high-current output OUT00 to indicate
that there is an open connection. You may change the digital input and output to suit your
application needs.
Run the Telnet program on your PC (Start > Run telnet 10.10.6.100). As long as
you have not modified the TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program, the IP address is
10.10.6.100 as shown; otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the
TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. Each character you type will be printed in Dynamic C's STDIO
window, indicating that the board is receiving the characters typed via TCP/IP.
5.3 Where Do I Go From Here?
NOTE: If you purchased your BL2100 through a distributor or Rabbit partner, contact
the distributor or partner first for technical support.
If there are any problems at this point:
• Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.
• Check the Rabbit Technical Bulletin Board and forums at www.rabbit.com/support/bb/
and at www.rabbit.com/forums/.
• Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.
If the sample programs ran fine, you are now ready to go on.
If the sample programs ran fine, you are now ready to go on.
Additional sample programs are described in the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual.
Refer to the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual to develop your own applications. An
Introduction to TCP/IP provides background information on TCP/IP, and is available on
our Web site.
60
Smartcat (BL2100)
APPENDIX A. SPECIFICATIONS
Appendix A provides the specifications for the BL2100 and
describes the conformal coating.
User’s Manual
61
A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications
Figure A-1 shows the mechanical dimensions for the BL2100.
Figure A-1. BL2100 Dimensions
NOTE: All measurements are in inches followed by millimeters enclosed in parentheses.
All dimensions have a manufacturing tolerance of ±0.01" (0.25 mm).
62
Smartcat (BL2100)
Table A-1 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the BL2100
without the optional LCD/keypad module plugged in. Appendix C provides specifications
for the LCD/keypad.
Table A-1. BL2100 Specifications
Feature
BL2100
BL2120
10Base-T, LNK and ACT LEDs
None
Flash Memory
256K (standard)
SRAM
128K (standard)
Backup Battery
Digital Inputs
Digital Outputs
BL2130
Rabbit® 2000 at 22.1 MHz
Microprocessor
Ethernet Port
BL2110
Panasonic CR2330 or equivalent 3 V lithium coin type, 265 mA·h
standard using onboard battery holder;
optional 3 V, 950 mA·h solder-in battery available
24 inputs hardware-configurable pull-up or pull-down,
± 36 V DC, switching threshold 2.4 V typical
16 outputs software toggled as sinking or sourcing,
+36 V DC, 200 mA maximum per channel
Analog Inputs
Eleven 12-bit res.,
± 10 V DC, 1 M
up to 4,100
samples/s
Analog Outputs
Four 12-bit res.,
0–10 V DC,
update rate 12 kHz
None
Eleven 12-bit res.,
± 10 V DC, 1 M
up to 4,100
samples/s
None
None
Four 12-bit res.,
0–10 V DC,
update rate 12 kHz
None
4 serial ports:
• two RS-232 or one RS-232 (with CTS/RTS)
Serial Ports
Serial Rate
Connectors
• one RS-485, onboard network termination and bias resistors
• one 5 V CMOS-compatible programming port
Max. burst rate = CLK/32
Max. sustained rate = CLK/64
one RJ-45 (Ethernet)
one 2 × 5, 2 mm pitch (serial programming port)
one power jack for AC adapter
five screw-terminal connectors (accept up to 14 AWG/1.5 mm2 wire)
(option for 0.1" IDC or friction-lock connectors)
Real-Time Clock
Timers
Watchdog/Supervisor
User’s Manual
Yes
Five 8-bit timers (four are cascadable from the first) and
one 10-bit timer with two match registers
Yes
63
Table A-1. BL2100 Specifications (continued)
Feature
BL2100
BL2110
BL2120
BL2130
9–36 V DC*, 1.5 W max. (without display), 3 W max. (with display)
Power
Operating Temperature
–40°C to +70°C
Humidity
5–95%, noncondensing
Board Size
3.41" × 4.14" × 0.93"
(87 mm × 105 mm × 24 mm)
* 13 V to 36 V DC supply voltage required to support full 0–10 V DC output range of D/A converter
A.1.1 Exclusion Zone
(3)
0.12
(24)
0.93
(6)
0.25
It is recommended that you allow for an “exclusion zone” of 0.25" (6 mm) around the
BL2100 in all directions when the BL2100 is incorporated into an assembly that includes
other components. This “exclusion zone” that you keep free of other components and
boards will allow for sufficient air flow, and will help to minimize any electrical or EMI
interference between adjacent boards. An “exclusion zone” of 0.12" (3 mm) is recommended below the BL2100. Figure A-2 shows this “exclusion zone.”
4.14
(105)
0.25
0.25
(6)
(6)
0.25
(6)
(3)
0.12
(24)
0.93
Exclusion
Zone
0.25
(6)
3.41
(87)
0.25
(6)
Figure A-2. BL2100 “Exclusion Zone”
64
Smartcat (BL2100)
A.1.2 Headers
The BL2100 has an option for 0.1" IDC headers, friction-lock connectors, or bottommount sockets at J1, J4, J7, J10, and J13 for physical connection to other boards or ribbon
cables. The holes on the “outside” edges of the connector locations are the holes used by
the friction-lock connectors and by the holes in the bottom-mount sockets.
Figure A-3 shows the BL2100 footprint. These values are relative to one of the mounting
holes. (Two other mounting holes are located under the RabbitCore module.)
3.350
(85.1)
0.475
1.385
(12.1)
(35.2)
J7
J4
(12.4)
(13.0)
EGND
R16
R21 R22
C13
Q5
Q4
R19
Q2
Q3
R20
J10
C12
R17
R15
U1
R11
R13
BT1
C8
R9
J1
R2
(1.4)
0.488
C14
R18
R37
Y1 C4
R1 C17
0.055
Y3
C25
R8
R36
D2
R7
U6
(11.6)
0.455
C3
J22
U2
R38
C27
C28
D3
D1
J2
JP3
JP4
R41
RT1
(53.6)
(35.7)
DS2
JP5
JP1
C30
JP2
U3
Y2 C2
Flash
EPROM
R39
1.405
(57.2)
2.110
(66.0)
2.250
2.600
LNK
DS1
J21
0.513
ACT
JP6
C7
U8 U7
C1
J20
GND
C29 GND
J1
J13
0.145
(3.7)
1.520
(38.6)
1.750
(44.5)
2.840
(72.1)
Figure A-3. User Board Footprint for BL2100
NOTE: The same footprint applies for the IDC header and bottom-mount socket options.
Headers J21, J22, and J23 are used to mount the optional LCD/keypad module.
User’s Manual
65
A.2 Conformal Coating
The areas around the crystal oscillator and the battery backup circuit on the BL2100 module have had the Dow Corning silicone-based 1-2620 conformal coating applied. The conformally coated areas are shown in Figure A-4. The conformal coating protects these
high-impedance circuits from the effects of moisture and contaminants over time.
+K2
+K1
DO09
DO08 DO07
DO06 DO05 DO04
DO03
DO02 DO01
DO00
J7
D11
EGND
GND
ACT
DS2
R16
C14
R18
Conformally
coated area
R21 R22
C13
R20
R19
Q2
C12
R17
R15
U1
BT1
Y3
DIO2
DIO3
DIO4
DIO5
DIO6
DIO7
R181
C29 GND
JP6
JP5
JP1
C30
JP2
J2
U2
D3
RT1
R37
R36
R8
Y1 C4
R1 C17
C8
R2
C28
C7
U8 U7
C1
U3
Y2 C2
D1
D2
R7
U6
R9
C75
J1
C95
R151
R158
R134
C86
R135
R95
Q51
D15
R104
Q71
Q56
C85
C72
Q47
Q44
R132
R99
C25
Q48
Q59
R11
R13
RP7
JP6
C13
Q52
R100
Q63
Q4
C69
Q67
C44
Q43
R136
R96
C43
Q55
R84
RP4
R82
Q36
RP3
C61
C63
Q34
Q32
R8
Q30
R88
Q21
R72
R7
JP1
C82
C49
RP14 RP15
Q38
Q28
C56
R186 R142
C50
R103
R92
Q40
R76
C54
Q17
R10
C52
C46
C88
R11
R140
C48
C51
RP5
Q5
DS1
R138
C17
RP6
R119
Q78
R148
BT1
R139
R133
R187
LNK
R106
JP3
JP4
C14
R41
U4
C27
C3
R9
Battery
R143
C24
C22
J22
R90
U7
R38
C21
R86
C65
C118
Flash
EPROM
J16
C92
C89
U17
D9
R81
C15
U10
U5
R39
C25
U13
C90
U12
R74
R160
C101
U16
RP9
C100 R159
C91
R146
R147
R145
R149
C93
R152
R154
C94
C96
R156
C8
C26
U18
R70
Q19
C9
J20
TP4
R153
C99
C97
R161
R155
R165
R162
C106
C103
Q13
D3
C102
R174
C104
R80
R78
U1
U20
R172
Q25
RP11
L1
Q15
R175
C111
C98
Q11
C6
C27
C110
C113
Q23
R177
C11
C114
C12
R179
C115
C7
R180
R178
R173
TVS1
J21
ADCIN10 ADCIN9 ADCIN8 ADCIN7 ADCIN6 ADCIN5 DAC03 DAC02 AGND DAC01 DAC02 ADCIN4 ADCIN3 ADCIN2 ADCIN1 ADCIN0
C74
D14
C67
Q5
C60
D8
D6
J1
C58
Q26
R176
C112
C87
C5
D1
Q4
DIO1
U2
Q75
Q3
GND +RAW 232CR 232CT 232DR 232DT DIO0
J4
Q74
J17
D18
J14
J11
DI08
DI09
DI10
DI11
DI12
DI13
DI14
DI15
RS485 RS485 PE5-INT GND
DIO23 DIO22
DIO21 DIO20
DIO19 DIO18 DIO17 DIO16 DIO15 DIO14 DIO13 DIO12 DIO11 DIO10
Figure A-4. BL2100 Areas Receiving Conformal Coating
Any components in the conformally coated area may be replaced using standard soldering
procedures for surface-mounted components. A new conformal coating should then be
applied to offer continuing protection against the effects of moisture and contaminants.
NOTE: For more information on conformal coatings, refer to Rabbit Technical Note
TN303, Conformal Coatings, in the online documentation set.
66
Smartcat (BL2100)
A.3 Jumper Configurations
Figure A-5 shows the header locations used to configure the various BL2100 options via jumpers.
Top Side
JP3
JP1
R69 R60 R56
R71 R59 R54
R70 R61 R57
JP2
Bottom Side
Figure A-5. Location of BL2100 Configurable Positions
User’s Manual
67
Table A-2 lists the configuration options.
Table A-2. BL2100 Jumper Configurations
Header
JP1
JP2
JP3
Description
RS-485 Bias and Termination
Resistors
Software I/O Configuration
Option
1–2
5–6
Bias and termination resistors
connected
1–3
4–6
Bias and termination resistors not
connected*
1–2
Standard
2–3
Custom (IN16–IN23 are configured as digital sinking outputs)
1–2
Installed
BL2100
BL2120
2–3
Not installed
BL2110
BL2130
×
×
Analog Circuit Option
R56 Pulled up to Vcc
—
Factory
Default
Pins Connected
IN00–IN07
×
R57 Pulled up to +K2
R54 Pulled down
R60 Pulled up to Vcc
—
IN08–IN15
×
R61 Pulled up to +K2
R59 Pulled down
R69 Pulled up to Vcc
—
IN16–IN23
×
R70 Pulled up to +K2
R71 Pulled down
* Although pins 1–3 and 4–6 of header JP1 are shown “jumpered” for the termination and
bias resistors not connected, pins 3 and 4 are not actually connected to anything, and this
configuration is a “parking” configuration for the jumpers so that they will be readily
available should you need to enable the termination and bias resistors in the future.
68
Smartcat (BL2100)
A.4 Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports
Figure A-6 shows the Rabbit 2000 parallel ports.
PA0PA7
Port A
PC0, PC2
Port C
(+Serial Ports C & D)
PC1, PC3
Programming
Port
PC6 + 1 more output
PB1, PC7, RES_IN
+ 2 more inputs
PB0, PB2,
PB4, PB5 PB7
Port B
(+synch Serial Port B)
RABBIT
2000
(Serial Port A)
Ethernet
Port
4 Ethernet signals
2 LED outputs
Misc. I/O
/RESET
RAM
Real-Time Clock
Watchdog
7 Timers
Slave Port
Clock Doubler
Backup Battery
Support
PD0PD1,
PD5 PD3PD4
Port D
(+Serial Port B)
PE0PE1,
PE7
PE4PE5
Port E
Address Lines
A0A3
I/O Control
IORD
IOWR
Data Lines
D0D7
Flash
Figure A-6. BL2100 Rabbit-Based Subsystems
Table A-3 lists the Rabbit 2000 parallel ports and their use in the BL2100.
Table A-3. Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports
Port
I/O
PA0
Input
IN16
Pulled up
PA1
Input
IN17
Pulled up
PA2
Input
IN18
Pulled up
PA3
Input
IN19
Pulled up
PA4
Input
IN20
Pulled up
PA5
Input
IN21
Pulled up
PA6
Input
IN22
Pulled up
PA7
Input
IN23
Pulled up
PB0
Input
DAC_ADC_SDO
Pulled up
PB1
Input
Not Used
Pulled up
PB2
Input
ADC_EOC
PB3
Input
Not Used
User’s Manual
Signal
Output Function State
Driven by A/D converter
Pulled up
69
Table A-3. Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports (continued)
Port
I/O
Signal
Output Function State
PB4
Input
I/O Configuration Option
(header JP2)
1 = standard (JP2:1–2)
0 = custom* (JP2:2–3)
PB5
Input
Analog Circuit Option
(header JP3)
1 = BL2100/BL2120 (JP3:1–2)
0 = BL2110/BL2130 (JP3:2–3)
PB6
Output
Not Used
PB7
Output
DAC_ADC_SDI
PC0
Output
TXD RS-485
Off
Inactive high
Inactive high
Serial Port D
PC1
Input
PC2
Output
RXD RS-485
Inactive high
RTS/TXC RS-232
Inactive high
Serial Port C
PC3
Input
CTS/RXC RS-232
Inactive high
PC4
Output
TPOUT– (Realtek reset)
Initialized by sock_init
PC5
Input
TPOUT+ (Realtek INT0)
Pulled up
PC6
Output
TXA Programming Port
Inactive high
Serial Port A
PC7
Input
RXA Programming Port
Inactive high
PD0
Input
Realtek CLK
Initialized by sock_init
PD1
Input
Realtek SDO
Initialized by sock_init
PD2
Output
Not used
Inactive high
PD3
Output
DAC CLK Line
Inactive high
PD4
Output
ATXB RS-232
Inactive high
Serial Port B
PD5
Input
ARXB RS-232
Inactive high
PD6
Output
Not used
Inactive high
PD7
Output
Not used
Inactive high
PE0
Output
Digital I/O strobe
Inactive high
PE1
Output
External I/O enable
Inactive high
PE2
N/A
Realtek IORB strobe
Initialized by sock_init
PE3
N/A
Realtek SDI line
Initialized by sock_init
PE4
Input
INT0B
Tied to PE5 by 1 k resistor
PE5
Input
INT1B
User interrupt input†
PE6
N/A
Realtek IOWB strobe
Initialized by sock_init
PE7
Output
LCD_KEYPAD strobe
Inactive high
* IN16–IN23 are sinking outputs in this custom configuration
† PE5 is driven by PE4 if the interrupt is not being used.
70
Smartcat (BL2100)
A.5 I/O Address Assignments
Table A-4 lists the external I/O addresses for the digital inputs and outputs.
Table A-4. Digital I/O Addresses
External
Address
Name
0000
DIPA
Digital inputs IN00–07, read only
0001
DOPA
Digital outputs OUT00–OUT07, write only
0002
DIPB
Digital inputs IN08–15, read only
0003
DOPB
Digital outputs OUT08–OUT15, write only
Function
PE1 serves as a system-enable control. When PE1 is high or in a high-impedance status,
all BL2100 outputs are disabled (digital outputs and analog outputs are disabled, and
RS-485 is at listen status).
PE0 is configured as a strobe and is used for digital inputs, digital outputs, and the control
register. The control register is located at 0xx4–0xx7, write only. The function of each bit
is listed in Table A-5.
Table A-5. Control Register Bit Map (External 0x0004–0x007)
Bit
Name
Function
0
485_SEND
RS-485 send/receive
1
DO_CS0
Digital output 0–08, enable low active
2
DO_CS1
Digital output 09–16, enable low active
3
Not used
Not used
4
AO_CS
Analog output 00–04, enable low active
5
DAC_CS0
Chip select for analog ch 00 and 01
6
DAC_CS1
Chip select for analog ch 02 and 03
7
ADC_CS
Chip select for A/D converter
PA0–PA7 are used with IN16–IN23, which may be reconfigured as sinking digital outputs
OUT16–OUT23 by installing/removing components as reflected in the schematic.
All analog inputs and outputs are accessed by a series connection. PD3 is served as a clock
line while PB0 and PB7 are used for data in and data out, respectively.
PD4 and PD5 are used for RS-485 communication. The direction of the communication is
controlled by the control register. PC0, PC1, and PC2, PC3 are used for RS-232 communication. They can be used separately as two 3-wire RS-232, or they may be combined to
work as a 5-wire RS-232 port.
User’s Manual
71
72
Smartcat (BL2100)
APPENDIX B. POWER SUPPLY
Appendix B describes the power circuitry provided on the
BL2100.
B.1 Power Supplies
Power is supplied to the BL2100 via header J5/J4. The BL2100 is protected against
reverse polarity by a diode at D1 as shown in Figure B-1.
SWITCHING POWER REGULATOR
+RAW
POWER
IN
J5/J4
D1
VIN
C56
47 µF
14
15
8
1
12
U4
7
17
18
LM2575
Vcc
10
2
1
4
330 µH
D1 L1
1N5819
3
C66
330 µF
Figure B-1. BL2100 Power Supply
The input voltage range is from 9 V to 36 V. A switching power regulator is used to provide a Vcc of +5 V for the BL2100 logic circuits. Vcc is not accessible to the user.
The digital ground and the analog ground share a single split ground plane on the board,
with the analog ground connected at a single point to the digital ground by a 0 resistor
(R29). This is done to minimize digital noise in the analog circuits and to eliminate the
possibility of ground loops. External connections to analog ground are made on header
J2/J1, and external connections to digital ground are made on headers J5/J4 and J11/J10.
B.1.1 Power for Analog Circuits
Power to the analog circuits is provided by way of a two-stage low-pass filter, which isolates the analog section from digital noise generated by the other components. The analog
power voltage +V powers the op-amp for the buffered A/D converter inputs, the A/D converter, the D/A converter, and the 4.096 V reference circuit. The maximum current draw
on +V is less than 10 mA. +V is not accessible to the user.
User’s Manual
73
B.2 Batteries and External Battery Connections
The SRAM and the real-time clock have battery backup. Power to the SRAM and the realtime clock (VRAM) is provided by two different sources, depending on whether the main
part of the BL2100 is powered or not. When the BL2100 is powered normally, and Vcc is
within operating limits, the SRAM and the real-time clock are powered from Vcc. If power
to the board is lost or falls below 4.63 V, the VRAM and real-time clock power will come
from the battery. The reset generator circuit controls the source of power by way of its
/RESET output signal.
A replaceable 265 mA·h lithium battery provides power to the real-time clock and SRAM
when external power is removed from the circuit board. The drain on the battery is typically
less than 10 µA when there is no external power applied to the BL2100, and so the expected
shelf life of the battery is
265 mA·h
------------------------ = 3.0 years.
10 µA
The drain on the battery is typically less than 4 µA when external power is applied, and so
the expected BL2100 battery in-service life is
265 mA·h
------------------------ = 7.5 years.
4 µA
A long-life 950 mA·h solder-in battery is also provided for in the board layout.
74
Smartcat (BL2100)
B.2.1 Replacing the Backup Battery
The battery is user-replaceable, and is fitted in a battery holder. To replace the battery, lift
up on the spring clip and slide out the old battery. Use only a Panasonic CR2330 or equivalent replacement battery, and insert it into the battery holder with the + side facing up.
NOTE: The SRAM contents and the real-time clock settings will be lost if the battery is
replaced with no power applied to the BL2100. Exercise care if you replace the battery
while external power is applied to the BL2100.
CAUTION: There is an explosion danger if the battery is short-circuited, recharged,
or replaced incorrectly. Replace the battery only with the same type or an equivalent
type recommended by the battery manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according
to the battery manufacturer’s instructions.
B.2.2 Battery-Backup Circuit
Figure B-2 shows the battery-backup circuit located on the BL2100 module.
Internal Battery
BT1
VBAT
D3
R39
VRAM
2 kW
T
RT1
thermistor
22 kW
R41
47 kW
Vcc
D2
D1
VBAT
R38
10 kW
R37
22 kW
C17
10 nF
R36
47 kW
C27
10 nF
VOSC
Figure B-2. BL2100 Backup Battery Circuit
The battery-backup circuit serves three purposes:
• It reduces the battery voltage to the SRAM and to the real-time clock, thereby limiting
the current consumed by the real-time clock and lengthening the battery life.
• It ensures that current can flow only out of the battery to prevent charging the battery.
• A voltage, VOSC, is supplied to U6, which keeps the 32.768 kHz oscillator working
when the voltage begins to drop.
VRAM and Vcc are nearly equal (
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