AT89EB5114-TGSIL

Features • 80C51 Compatible • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • – Two I/O Ports – Two 16-bit Timer/Counters – 256 bytes RAM 4 Kbytes ROM or 4 Kbytes Flash Program Memory 256 bytes EEPROM (Stack Die Packaging Technology on SO20 Package) X2 Speed Improvement Capability (6 Clocks/Machine Cycle) 10-bit, 6 Channels A/D Converter – One-channel with Progammable Gain and Rectifying Amplifier (Accuracy +/- 5%) – Voltage Reference for A/D & External Analog Hardware Watchdog Timer Programmable I/O Mode: Standard C51, Input Only, Push-pull, Open Drain Asynchronous Port Reset Triple System Clock – Crystal or Ceramic Oscillator (24 MHz) – RC Oscillator (12 MHz), with Calibration Factor Using External R and C (Accuracy +/- 3.5% with Ideal R and C) – RC Oscillator, Low Power Consumption (12 MHz Low Accuracy) – Programmable Prescaler One PWM Unit Block With: – 16-bits Programmable Counter – 3 Independent Modules One PWM Unit Block with: – 16 bits Programmable Counter – 1 Module Interrupt Structure With: – 7 Interrupt Sources, – 4 interrupt Priority Levels Power Control Modes: – Idle Mode – Power-down Mode – Power Fail Detect, Power On Reset – Quiet mode for A to D Conversion Power Supply: 3 to 3.6V Temperature Range: -40 to 85o C Package: SO20, SO24 (upon request) Low-pin-count 8-bit microcontroller with A/D converter AT83EB5114 AT89EB5114 Description The AT8xEB5114 is a high performance version of the 80C51 8-bit microcontroller in a Low Pin Count package. The AT8xEB5114 retains all the features of the standard 80C51 with 4 Kbytes program memory, 256 bytes of internal RAM, a 7-source, 4-level interrupt system, an onchip oscillator and two timers/counters. AT8xEB5114 may include a serial two wire interface EEPROM housed together with the microcontroller die in the same package. The AT8xEB5114 is dedicated for analog interfacing applications. For this, it has a 10bit, 6 channels A/D converter and two PWM units; these PWM blocks provide PWM generation with variable frequency and pulse width. In addition, the AT8xEB5114 has a Hardware Watchdog Timer and an X2 speed improvement mechanism. The X2 feature allows to keep the same CPU power at a divided by two oscillator frequency. The prescaler allows to decrease CPU and peripherals clock frequency. The fully static design of the AT8xEB5114 allows to reduce system power consumption by bringing the clock frequency down to any value, even DC, without loss of data. Rev. 4311C–8051–02/08 1 The AT8xEB5114 has 3 software-selectable modes of reduced activity for further reduction in power consumption. In idle mode the CPU is frozen while the peripherals are still operating. In quiet mode, only the A/D converter is operating. In power-down mode the RAM is saved and all other functions are inoperative. Three oscillator sources, crystal, precision RC and low power RC, provide versatile power management. The AT8xEB5114 is available in low pin count packages (ROM and flash versions). (3) (2) XTAL1 XTAL2 R C Xtal Osc ROM 4 K *8 or Flash/EE 4K*8 RAM 256 x8 PWMU0 W1M0 W1CI W0M0-2 W0CI Vssa Vcca Vss Vcc Figure 1. Block Diagram (3) (2) PWMU1 Watch Dog IB-bus RC Osc (12 MHz) CPU Timer 0 Timer 1 RC Osc (12 MHz) INT Ctrl Vref Generator Parallel I/O Ports A/D Converter Port 3 Port 4 X1-20 EEPROM 256 b 2 wires interface (SO20) (3): Alternate function of Port 4 2 P4.0-3 AIN3 P3.0-5(SO20) or 7(SO24) (2): Alternate function of Port 3 AIN0-2,4-5 (2,3)(3) Vref INT1 (2) (3) INT0 T0 RST ALE T1 (2) (3) (2) AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Pin Configuration P4.0/AIN0/W0CI P4.1/AIN1/T1 P4.2/AIN2/W1CI P4.3/AIN3/INT1 P3.3/W0M2/AIN4 P3.4/T0/AIN5 P3.5/W1M0 P3.2/INT0 P3.1/W0M1 P3.0/W0M0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 SO20 16 15 14 13 12 11 VRef Vcca Vssa R C XTAL2 XTAL1 RST Vss Vcc P4.0/AIN0/W0CI P4.1/AIN1/T1 P4.2/AIN2/W1CI P4.3/AIN3/INT1 P3.3/W0M2/AIN4 P3.4/T0/AIN5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P3.6 P3.5/W1M0 P3.2/INT0 9 P3.1/W0M1 10 P3.0/W0M0 11 P3.7 12 24 23 22 21 SO24 No EE 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 VRef Vcca Vssa NC R C XTAL2 XTAL1 NC RST Vss Vcc 3 4311C–8051–02/08 Pin Description SO20 SO24 Mnemonic Type Name and Function 12 14 VSS Power Ground: 0V reference 18 22 Vssa Power Analog Ground: 0V reference for analog part 11 13 VCC Power Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal, idle and power-down operation. 19 23 Vcca Power 20 24 VREF Analog VREF: A/D converter positive reference input, output of the internal voltage reference 14 17 XTAL1 I Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock generator circuit 15 18 XTAL2 O Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. This pin can’t be connected to the ground. 17 20 R Analog Resistor Input for the precision RC oscillator 16 19 C Analog Capacitor Input for the precision RC oscillator 13 15 RST I/O P3.0-P3.7 I/O Analog Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for analog part This pin must be connected to power supply. Reset input with integrated pull-up A low level on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running, resets the device. Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit programmable I/O port with internal pull-ups. See “Port Types” on page 32. for a description of I/O ports. Port 3 also serves the special features of the 80C51 family, as listed below. 10 11 I/O W0M0 (P3.0): External I/O for PWMU 0 module 0 9 10 I/O W0M1 (P3.1): External I/O for PWMU 0 module 1 8 9 I/O INT0 (P3.2): External interrupt 0 5 5 I/O W0M2 / AIN4 (P3.3): External I/O for PWMU 0 module 2. P3.3 is also an input of the analog to digital converter. 6 6 I/O T0 / AIN5(P3.4): Timer 0 external input. P3.4 is also an input of the analog to digital converter. 7 8 I/O W1M0 (P3.5): External I/O for PWMU 1 module 0, can also be used to output the external clocking signal P4.0-P4.3 I/O Port 4: Port 4 is an 4-bit programmable I/O port with internal pull-ups. See “Port Types” on page 32. for a description of I/O ports. Port 4 is also the input port of the Analog to digital converter 4 1 1 I/O 2 2 I/O 3 3 I/O 4 4 I/O AIN0 (P4.0): A/D converter input 0 W0CI: Count input of PWMU0 AIN1 (P4.1): A/D converter input 1 T1: Timer 1 external input AIN2 (P4.2): A/D converter input 2 W1CI: Count input of PWMU1 AIN3 (P4.3): A/D converter input 3, programmable gain INT1: External interrupt 1 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 SFR Mapping The Special Function Registers (SFRs) of the AT8xEB5114 belong to the following categories: • C51 core registers: ACC, AUXR, AUXR1, B, DPH, DPL, PSW, SP, FCON, HSB • I/O port registers: P3, P4, P3M1, P3M2, P4M1 • Timer registers: TCON, TH0, TH1, TL0, TL1, TMOD • Power and clock control registers: CKCON, CKRL, CKSEL, OSCBFA, OSCCON, PCON • Interrupt system registers: IEN0, IPH0, IPL0, IOR • WatchDog Timer: WDTRST, WDTPRG • PWM0 registers: W0CH, W0CL, W0CON, W0FH, W0FL, W0IC, W0MOD, W0R0H, W0R0L, W0R1H, W0R1L,W0R2H, W0R2L • PWM1registers: W1CH, W1CL, W1CON, W1FH, W1FL, W1IC, W1R0H, W1R0L • ADC registers: ADCA, ADCF, ADCLK, ADCON, ADDH, ADDL 5 4311C–8051–02/08 Table 1. SFR Addresses and Reset Values 0/8 F8h F0h E8h E0h 2/A 3/B 4/C 5/D 6/E W1CON W1FH W1FL W1CH W1CL XXX0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 W1IC 0000 0000 B 0000 0000 ADCLK ADCON 0000 0000 0000 0000 ADDL XXXXXX00 ADDH 0000 0000 ADCF 0000 0000 7/F FFh ADCA 0000 0000 W0CON W0MOD W0FH W0FL W0CH W0CL W0IC HSB 00XX 0000 00XX X000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 XX11 ACC 0000 0000 D8h D0h 1/9 PSW 0000 0000 C8h P3M2 0000 0000 W0R0H W0R0L W0R1H W0R1L W0R2H W0R2L 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 P3M1 0000 0000 P4M1 0000 0000 FCON W1R0H W1R0L 0000 0000 0000 0000 EFh E7h 0000 0000 1111 1111 F7h DF h D7h CF h C0h P4 XXXX 1111 C7h B8h IPL0 X000 0000 BFh B0h P3 1111 1111 A8h IEN0 0000 0000 IPH0 X000 0000 AFh AUXR1 XXXX 0XX0 A0h IOR WDTRST XXXXXX00 XXXXXXXX 98h TCON 0000 0000 0/8 6 A7h OSCBFA 0111 0110 9Fh XXXX 1000 80h Note: WDTPRG XXXX X000 CKRL 90h 88h B7h TMOD 0000 0000 TL0 0000 0000 TL1 0000 0000 SP 0000 0111 DPL 0000 0000 DPH 0000 0000 1/9 2/A 3/B TH0 0000 0000 TH1 0000 0000 AUXR 0XX0 XXX0 CKCON XXXX XXX0 CKSEL XXXX XXCC OSCCON XXXX XXCC 00XX XX00 5/D 6/E 7/F 4/C PCON 97h 8Fh 87h 1. "C", value defined by the Hardware Security Byte, see Table 2 on page 15 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Mnemonic Add Name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ACC E0h Accumulator ADCA F7h ADC Amplifier Configuration - - - - - AC3E AC3G1 AC3G0 ADCF F6h ADCF Register - - CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0 ADCLK F2h ADC Clock Prescaler SELREF PRS6 PRS5 PRS4 PRS3 PRS2 PRS1 PRS0 ADCON F3h ADC Control Register QUIETM PSIDLE ADEN ADEOC ADSST SCH2 SCH1 SCH0 ADDH F5h ADC Data High Byte Register ADAT9 ADAT8 ADAT7 ADAT6 ADAT5 ADAT4 ADAT3 ADAT2 ADDL F4h ADC Data Low Byte Register - - - - - - ADAT1 ADAT0 AUXR 8Eh Auxiliary Register DPU - - LOWVD - - - - AUXR1 A2h Auxiliary Register 1 - - - - - - - DPS B F0h B Register CKCON 8Fh Clock control Register - - - - - - - X2 CKRL 97h Clock Prescaler Register - - - - CKRL3 CKRL2 CKRL1 CKRL0 CKSEL 85h Clock Selection register - - - - - - CKS1 CKS0 DPH 83h Data pointer High Byte DPL 82h Data pointer Low Byte FCON D1h Auxiliary Register FPL3 FPL2 FPL1 FPL0 FPS FMOD1 FMOD0 FBUSY HSB EFh Hardware Security Byte X2 RST_OSC1 RST_OSC0 RST_OCLK - - LB1 LB0 IEN0 A8h Interrupt Enable Register EA EADC EW1 EW0 ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 IOR A5h Interrupt Option Register - - - - - - ESB1 ESB0 IPH0 B7h Interrupt Priority register - PADCH PW1H PW0H PT1H PX1H PT0H PX0H IPL0 B8h Interrupt Priority Register - PADC PW1 PW0 PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 OSCBFA 9Fh Oscillator B Frequency Adjust OSCBFA7 OSCBFA6 OSCBFA5 OSCBFA4 OSCBFA3 OSCBFA2 OSCBFA1 OSCBFA0 OSCCON 86h Clock Control Register - - - OSCBRY LCKEN OSCCEN OSCBEN OSCAEN P3 B0h Port 3 Register P3M1 D5h Port 3 Output Configuration P3M1.7 P3M1.6 P3M1.5 P3M1.4 P3M1.3 P3M1.2 P3M1.1 P3M1.0 P3M2 E4h Port 3 Output Configuration P3M2.7 P3M2.6 P3M2.5 P3M2.4 P3M2.3 P3M2.2 P3M2.1 P3M2.0 P4 C0h Port 4 register P4M1 D6h Port 4 Output Configuration P4M1.7 P4M1.6 P4M1.5 P4M1.4 P4M1.3 P4M1.2 P4M1.1 P4M1.0 PCON 87h Power Modes Control Register SMOD1 SMOD0 - - GF1 GF0 PD IDL PSW D0h Program Status Word CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV F1 P SP 81h Stack pointer TCON 88h Timer/Counter Control Register TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 TH0 8Ch Timer 0 High Byte Registers TH0.7 TH0.6 TH0.5 TH0.4 TH0.3 TH0.2 TH0.1 TH0.0 TH1 8Dh Timer 1 High Byte Registers TH1.7 TH1.6 TH1.5 TH1.4 TH1.3 TH1.2 TH1.1 TH1.0 TL0 8Ah Timer 0 Low Byte Registers TL0.7 TL0.6 TL0.5 TL0.4 TL0.3 TL0.2 TL0.1 TL0.0 TL1 8Bh Timer 1 Low Byte Registers TL1.7 TL1.6 TL1.5 TL1.4 TL1.3 TL1.2 TL1.1 TL1.0 7 4311C–8051–02/08 Mnemonic 8 Add Name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TMOD 89h Timer/Counter Mode Register GATE1 C/T1# M11 M01 GATE0 C/T0# M10 M00 W0CH ECh PWMU0 Counter High Control W0C15 W0C14 W0C13 W0C12 W0C11 W0C10 W0C9 W0C8 W0CL EDh PWMU0 Counter Low Control W0C7 W0C6 W0C5 W0C4 W0C3 W0C2 W0C1 W0C0 W0CON E8h PWMU0 Control Register W0UP W0R - - W0OS W0EN2 W0EN1 W0EN0 W0FH EAh PWMU0 Frequency High Control W0F15 W0F14 W0F13 W0F12 W0F11 W0F10 W0F9 W0F8 W0FL EBh PWMU0 Frequency Low Control W0F7 W0F6 W0F5 W0F4 W0F3 W0F2 W0F1 W0F0 W0IC EEh PWMU0 Interrupt Configuration W0CF W0CF2 W0CF2 W0CF0 W0ECF W0ECF2 W0ECF1 W0ECF0 W0MOD E9h PWMU0 Counter Mode Register W0CPS1 W0CPS0 - - - W0INV2 W0INV1 W0INV0 W0R0H D9h PWMU0 Module 0 High Toggle W0R0H15 W0R0H14 W0R0H13 W0R0H12 W0R0H11 W0R0H10 W0R0H9 W0R0H8 W0R0L DAh PWMU0 Module 0 Low Toggle W0R0H7 W0R0H6 W0R0H5 W0R0H4 W0R0H3 W0R0H2 W0R0H1 W0R0H0 W0R1H DBh PWMU0 Module 1High Toggle W0R1H15 W0R1H14 W0R1H13 W0R1H12 W0R1H11 W0R1H10 W0R1H9 W0R1H8 W0R1L DCh PWMU0 Module1 Low Toggle W0R1H7 W0R1H6 W0R1H5 W0R1H4 W0R1H3 W0R1H2 W0R1H1 W0R1H0 W0R2H DDh PWMU0 Module 2 High Toggle W0R2H15 W0R2H14 W0R2H13 W0R2H12 W0R2H11 W0R2H10 W0R2H9 W0R2H8 W0R2L DEh PWMU0 Module 2 Low Toggle W0R2H7 W0R2H6 W0R2H5 W0R2H4 W0R2H3 W0R2H2 W0R2H1 W0R2H0 W1CH FCh PWMU1 Counter High Control W1C15 W1C14 W1C13 W1C12 W1C11 W1C10 W1C9 W1C8 W1CL FDh PWMU1 Counter Low Control W1C7 W1C6 W1C5 W1C4 W1C3 W1C2 W1C1 W1C0 W1CON F8h PWMU1 Control Register W1UP W1R - W1OCLK W1CPS1 W1CPS0 W1INV0 W1EN0 W1FH FAh PWMU1 Frequency High Control W1F15 W1F14 W1F13 W1F12 W1F11 W1F10 W1F9 W1F8 W1FL FBh PWMU1 Frequency Low Control W1F7 W1F6 W1F5 W1F4 W1F3 W1F2 W1F1 W1F0 W1IC FEh PWMU1 Interrupt Configuration W1CF - - W1CF0 W1ECOF - - W0ECF0 W1R0H C9h PWMU1 Module 0 High Toggle W1R0H15 W1R0H14 W1R0H13 W1R0H12 W1R0H11 W1R0H10 W1R0H9 W1R0H8 W1R0L CAh PWMU1 Module 0 Low Toggle W1R0H7 W1R0H6 W1R0H5 W1R0H4 W1R0H3 W1R0H2 W1R0H1 W1R0H0 WDTRST A6h Watchdog Timer enable Register WDTPRG A7h WatchDog Timer Duration Prg - - - - - S2 S1 S0 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Power Monitor The Power Monitor function supervises the evolution of the voltages feeding the microcontroller, and if needed, suspends its activity when the detected value is out of specification. It warrants proper startup when AT8xEB5114 is powered up and prevents code execution errors when the power supply becomes lower than the functional threshold. This chapter describes the functions of the power monitor. Description In order to startup and to properly maintain the microcontroller operation, Vcc has to be stabilized in the Vcc operating range and the oscillator has to be stabilized with a nominal amplitude compatible with logic threshold. In order to be sure the oscillator is stabilized, there is an internal counter which maintains the reset during 1024 clock periods in case the oscillator selected is the OSC A and 64 clock periods in case the oscillator used is OSC B or OSC C. This control is carried out during three phases: the power-up, normal operation and stop. In accordance with the following requirements: • it guarantees an operational Reset when the microcontroller is powered-up, and • a protection if the power supply goes below minimum operating Vcc Figure 2. Power Monitor Block Diagram External Vcc Power-Supply Power up Detector Power Monitor diagram Power Fail Detector Internal RESET The Power Monitor monitors the power-supply in order to detect any voltage drops which are not in the target specification. The power monitor block verifies two kinds of situation that may occur: • during the power-up condition, when Vcc reaches the product specification, • during a steady-state condition, when Vcc is at nominal value but disturbed by any undesired voltage drops. Figure 2 shows some configurations which can be handled by the Power Monitor. 9 4311C–8051–02/08 Figure 3. Power-Up and Steady-state Conditions Monitored Vcc VPFDP VPFDM tG tR t Power-up Steady State Condition Reset Vcc The POR/PFD forces the CPU into reset mode when VCC reaches a voltage condition which is out of specification. The thresholds and their functions are: • VPFDP: the Vcc has reached a minimum functional value at power-up. The circuit leaves the RESET mode • VPFDM: the Vcc has reached a low threshold functional value for the microcontroller. An internal RESET is set. Glitch filtering prevents the system from RESET when short duration glitches are carried on Vcc power-supply (See “Electrical Characteristics” on page 84.). In case Vcc is below VPFDP, LOWVD bit in AUXR (See Table 12 on page 23) is cleared by hardware. This bit allows the user to know if the voltage is below VPFDP. Note: For proper reset operation VCCA and V CC must be considered together (same power source). However, to improve the noise immunity, it is better to have two decoupling networks close to power pins (one for VCCA/VSSA pair and one for VCC/VSS pair). 10 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Clock System The AT8xEB5114 oscillator system provides a reliable clocking system with full mastering of speed versus CPU power trade-off. Several clock sources are possible: Overview • External clock input • High speed crystal or ceramic oscillator • Integrated accurate oscillator with external R and C. • Low power consumption Integrated RC oscillator without external components. The AT8xEB5114 needs 6 clock periods per machine cycle when the X2 function is set. However, the selected clock source can be divided by 2-32 before clocking the CPU and the peripherals. By default, the active oscillator after reset is the high speed crystal/ceramic oscillator. Any two bits in a hardware configuration byte programmed by a Flash programmer or by metal mask can activate any other one. The clock system is controlled by several SFR registers: CKCON, CKSEL, CKRL, OSCON, PCON and HSB which is the hardware security byte. The AT8xEB5114 includes three oscillators: Blocks Description • Crystal oscillator optimized for 24 MHz. • 1 accurate oscillator with a typical frequency of 12 MHz. • 1 low power oscillator with a typical frequency of 14 MHz. Figure 4. Functional Block Diagram CKRL A/D Clock Xtal1 Xtal_Osc OSCA Xtal2 11 10 OSCAEN OSCBEN PwdOsc RC_Osc OSCB R C Freq. Adjust Mux 01 + Filter CkAdc OscOut 2 down to 32 Prescaler-Divider 0 CkOut CkIdle 1 CPU Clock CKS OSCBRY Peripherals Clock X2 Ck LCKEN Quiet Pwd Idle RC_Osc OSCC OSCCEN 11 4311C–8051–02/08 Crystal Oscillator: OSCA The crystal oscillator uses two external pins, XTAL1 for input and XTAL2 for output. OSCAEN in OSCCON register is an enable signal for the crystal oscillator or for the external oscillator input that can be provided on XTAL1. High Accurate RC Oscillator: OSCB The high accuracy RC oscillator needs external R and C components to assure the proper accuracy; its typical frequency is 12 MHz. Frequency accuracy is a function of external R and C accuracy. It is recommended to use 0.5% or better for R and 1% for C components. (Typical values are R = 49.9 K and C = 560 pF) This oscillator has two modes. • OSCBEN = 1 and LCKEN = 0: Standard accuracy mode(Typical frequency 12 MHz) • OSCBEN = 1 and LCKEN = 1: High accuracy mode (Typical frequency 12 MHz). The OSCB oscillator is based on a low frequency RC oscillator and a VCO. When locked, the oscillator frequency is defined by the following formula: F = 3*[OSCBFA+1]/(R.C). with C including parasitic capacitances. Because the oscillator is based on a PLL, it needs several periods to reach its final accuracy. As soon as this accuracy is reached, the OSCBRY bit in OSCCON register is set by hardware. The internal frequency is locked on the external RC time constant. So it is possible to adjust frequency by lower than 1% steps with the OSCBFA register. However the frequency adjustment is limited to +/-15% around 12 MHz. The frequency can be adjusted until 15% around 12 MHz by OSCBFA Register. OSCBEN and LCKEN are in the OSCCON register. Low Power Consumption Oscillator: OSCC The low power consumption RC oscillator doesn’t need any external components. Moreover its consumption is very low. Its typical frequency is 14 MHz. Note that this on-chip oscillator has a +/- 40% frequency tolerance and may not be suitable for use in certain applications. OSCC is set by OSCCEN bit in OSCCON. Clock Selector CKS1 and CKS0 bits in CKSEL register are used to select the clock source. OSCCEN bit in OSCCON register is used to enable the low power consumption RC oscillator. OSCBEN bit in OSCCON register is used to enable the high accurate RC oscillator. OSCAEN bit in OSCCON register is used to enable the crystal oscillator or the external oscillator input. X2 Feature The AT8xEB5114 core needs only 6 clock periods per machine cycle. This feature called ”X2” provides the following advantages: • Divides frequency crystals by 2 (cheaper crystals) while keeping same CPU power. • Saves power consumption while keeping same CPU power (oscillator power saving). • Saves power consumption by dividing dynamically the operating frequency by 2 in operating and idle modes. • Increases CPU power by 2 while keeping same crystal frequency. In order to keep the original C51 compatibility, a divider by 2 is inserted between the XTAL1 signal and the main clock input of the core (phase generator). This divider may be enabled or disabled by software. 12 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 The clock for the whole circuit and peripherals is first divided by two before being used by the CPU core and the peripherals. Description This allows any cyclic ratio to be accepted on XTAL1 input. In X2 mode, as this divider is bypassed, the signals on XTAL1 must have a cyclic ratio from 40 to 60%. Figure 4 shows the clock generation block diagram. X2 bit is validated on the rising edge of the XTAL1÷2 to avoid glitches when switching from X2 to standard mode. Figure 5 shows the switching mode waveforms. Figure 5. Mode Switching Waveforms XTAL1 XTAL1:2 X2 bit FOSC CPU clock STD Mode X2 Mode STD Mode The X2 bit in the CKCON register (see Table 7 on page 18) allows to switch from 12 clock periods per instruction to 6 clock periods and vice versa. Clock Prescaler Before supplying the CPU and the peripherals, the main clock is divided by a factor from 2 to 32, as defined by the CKRL register (see Table 6 on page 18). The CPU needs from 12 to 16*12 clock periods per instruction. This allows: • to accept any cyclic ratio on XTAL1 input. • to reduce CPU power consumption. Note: Prescaler Divider on Reset The number of bits of the prescaler is optimized in order to provide a low power consumption in low speed mode (see Section “Electrical Characteristics”, page 84). A hardware RESET selects the start oscillator depending on the RST1_OSC and RST0_OSC bits contained on the Hardware Security Byte register (see Table 2 on page 15). It also selects the prescaler divider as follows: • CKRL = 8h: internal clock = OscOut / 16 (slow CPU speed at reset, thus lower power consumption) • X2 = 0, • SEL_OSC1 and SEL_OSC0 bits selects OSCA, OSCB or OSCC, depending on the value of the RST_OSC1 and RST_OSC0 configuration bits. • After Reset, any value between Fh down to 0h can be written by software into CKRL sfr in order to divide frequency of the selected oscillator: – CKRL = 0h: minimum frequency = OscOut / 32 – CKRL = Fh: maximum frequency = OscOut / 2 The frequency of the CPU and peripherals clock CkOut is related to the frequency of the main oscillator OscOut by the following formula: FCkOut = FOscOut / (32 - 2*CKRL) 13 4311C–8051–02/08 Some examples can be found in the table below: FOscOut • 14 FCkOut MHz X2 CKRL Mhz 12 0 F 6 12 0 E 3 12 1 x 12 A software instruction which set X2 bit disables the prescaler/divider, so the internal clock is either OSCA, OSCB or OSCC depending on SEL_OSC1 and SEL_OSC0 bits. AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Registers Hardware Security Byte The security byte sets the starting microcontroller options and the security levels. The default options are X1 mode, Oscillator A and divided by 16 prescaler. Table 2. Hardware Security Byte (HSB) Power configuration Register - HSB (S:EFh) 7 X2 6 5 4 RST_OSC1 RST_OSC0 RST_OCLK Bit Bit Number Mnemonic 7 X2 3 2 1 0 CKRLRV - LB1 LB0 Description X2 Mode Clear to force X2 mode (CkOut = OscOut) Set to use the prescaler mode (CkOut = OscOut / (2*(16-M))) 6 RST_OSC1 Oscillator bit 1 on reset and Oscillator bit 0 on reset 11: allows OSCA 10: allows OSCB 5 RST_OSC0 01: allows OSCC 00: reserved Output clocking signal after RESET 4 RST_OCLK Clear to start the microcontroller with a low level on P3.5 followed by an output clocking signal on P3.5 as soon as the microcontroller is started. This signal has is a 1/3 high 2/3 low signal. Its frequency is equal to (CKout / 3). Set to start on normal conditions: No signal on P3.5 which is pulled up. CKRL Reset Value 3 CKRLRV If set, the microcontroller starts with the prescaler reset value = XXXX 1000 (OscOut = CkOut/16). If clear, the microcontroller starts with a prescaler reset value = XXXX 1111 (OscOut = CkOut/2). 2 - 1-0 LB1-0 Reserved User Program Lock Bits See Table 61 on page 81 HSB = 1111 1X11b 15 4311C–8051–02/08 Clock Control Register The clock control register is used to define the clock system behavior. Table 3. OSCON Register OSCCON - Clock Control Register (86h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - OSCARY OSCBRY LCKEN OSCCEN OSCBEN OSCAEN Bit Bit Number Mnemonic 7 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 6 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 5 OSCARY 4 OSCBRY 3 LCKEN Description Oscillator A Ready When set, this bit indicates that Oscillator A is ready to be used. Oscillator B Ready When set, this bit indicates that Oscillator B is ready to be used in high accurate mode. Lock Enable 2 OSCCEN When set, this bit allows to increase the accuracy of OSCB by locking this oscillator on external RC time constant. Enable low power consumption RC oscillator This bit is used to enable the low power consumption oscillator 0: The oscillator is disabled 1: The oscillator is enabled. 1 OSCBEN Enable high accuracy RC oscillator This bit is used to enable the high accurate RC oscillator 0: The oscillator is disabled 1: The oscillator is enabled. 0 OSCAEN Enable crystal oscillator This bit is used to enable the crystal oscillator 0: The oscillator is disabled 1: The oscillator is enabled. Reset Value = XXX0 0"RST_OSC1.RST_OSC0""RST_OSC1.RST_OSC0""RST_OSC1.RST_OSC0" b Not bit addressable Note: Oscillator B Frequency Adjust Register 16 Before changing oscillator selection in CKSEL, be sure that the oscillator you select is started. OSCA is ready as soon as OSCARY is set by hardware, OSCB and OSCC are ready after 4 clock periods. In case you want to use OSCB locked, be sure that OSCB is started before setting LCKEN bit. Then, wait until OSCBRY is set by hardware to be sure that the accurate frequency is reached. The OSCB Frequency Adjust register is used to adjust the frequency in case of external components inaccuracies. It allows a frequency variation about 15% around 12 MHz with a step of around 1%. AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Table 4. OSCBFA Register OSCBFA- Oscillator B Frequency Adjust Register (9Fh) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OSCBFA7 OSCBFA6 OSCBFA5 OSCBFA4 OSCBFA3 OSCBFA2 OSCBFA1 OSCBFA0 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic 7-0 OSCBFA 7-0 Description OSCB Frequency adjust The reset value to have 12 MHz is 0111 0110. It is possible to modify this value in order to increase or decrease the frequency. Reset Value = 0111 0110b Not bit addressable Clock Selection Register The clock selection register is used to define the clock system behavior. Table 5. CKSEL Register CKSEL - Clock Selection Register (85h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - - - CKS1 CKS0 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic 7 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 6 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 5 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 4 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 3 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 2 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 1 CKS1 Description Active Clock Selector 1and Active Clock Selector 0 These bits are used to select the active oscillator 11: The crystal oscillator is selected 0 CKS0 10: The high accuracy RC oscillator is selected 01: The low power consumption RC oscillator is selected 00: Reserved Reset Value = XXXX XX"RST_OSC1" "RST_OSC0" b Not bit addressable 17 4311C–8051–02/08 Clock Prescaler Register This register is used to reload the clock prescaler of the CPU and peripheral clock. Table 6. CKRL Register CKRL - Clock prescaler Register (97h) 7 6 5 4 - - - - Bit Number 3 2 1 0 M Bit Mnemonic Description 7-4 - 3-0 CKRL Reserved 0000b: Division factor equal 32 1111b: Division factor equal 2 M: Division factor equal 2*(16-M) Reset Value = XXXX 1000b Not bit addressable Clock Control Register This register is used to control the X2 mode of the CPU and peripheral clock. Table 7. CKCON Register CKCON - Clock Control Register (8Fh) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - - - - X2 Bit Bit Number Mnemonic 7-1 - 0 X2 Description Reserved X2 Mode Set to force X2 mode (CkOut = OscOut) Clear to use the prescaler mode (CkOut = OscOut / (2*(16-M))) Reset Value = 0000 0000b Not bit addressable 18 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Power Modes Overview As seen in the previous chapter it is possible to modify the AT8xEB5114 clock management in order to have less consumption. For applications where power consumption is a critical factor, three power modes are provided: • Normal (running) mode • Idle mode • Power-down mode In order to increase ADC accuracy, a Quiet mode also exits. This mode is a pseudo idle mode in which the CPU and all the peripherals except the AD converter are disabled. Power modes are controlled by PCON SFR register. Operating Modes Table 8 summarizes all the power modes and states that AT8xEB5114 can encounter. It shows which parts of AT8xEB5114 are running depending on the operating mode. Table 8. Operating Modes Operating Mode Prescaler Oscillator POR Power Down Peripherals X Under Reset Normal Mode CPU A, B or C X Start X A, B or C X X Running (X) A, B or C X X Idle (X) A, B or C X X Quiet (X) A, B or C X only ADC X In normal mode, the oscillator, the CPU and the peripherals are running. The prescaler can also be activated. • The CPU and the peripherals clock depends on the software selection using CKCON, OSCCON, CKSEL and CKRL registers • CKS bits select either OSCA, OSCB, or OSCC • CKRL register determines the frequency of the selected clock, unless X2 bit is set. In this case the prescaler/divider is not used, so CPU core needs only 6-clock periods per machine cycle. It is always possible to switch dynamically by software from one to another oscillator by changing CKS bits, a synchronization cell allows to avoid any spike during transition. Idle Mode The idle mode allows to reduce consumption by freezing the CPU. All the peripherals continue running. Entering Idle Mode An instruction that sets PCON.0 causes that to be the last instruction executed before going into Idle mode. In Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but not to the interrupt, and the peripheral functions. The CPU status is entirely preserved: the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, Program Status Word, Accumulator and all other registers maintain 19 4311C–8051–02/08 their data during Idle. The port pins hold the logical states they had at the time Idle was activated. ALE and PSEN are held at logic high levels. The different operating modes are summarized on Table 10 on page 21. There are two ways to terminate idle mode. Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware, terminating Idle mode. The interrupt will be serviced, and following RETI the next instruction to be executed will be the one following the instruction that put the device into idle. Exit from idle mode will leave the oscillators control bits on OSCON and CKS registers unchanged. Exit from Idle Mode The flag bits GF0 and GF1 can be used to give an indication if an interrupt occurred during normal operation or during an Idle mode. For example, an instruction that activates Idle mode can also set one or both flag bits. When Idle is terminated by an interrupt, the interrupt service routine can examine the flag bits. The other way of terminating the Idle mode is with a hardware reset. Since the clock oscillator is still running, the hardware reset needs to be held active for only two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) to complete the reset. In both cases, PCON.0 is cleared by hardware. Quiet Mode The quiet mode is a pseudo idle mode in which the CPU and all the peripherals except the AD converter are down. For more details, See “Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)” on page 57. Power-down Mode To save maximum power, a power-down mode can be invoked by software (refer to Table 11 on page 22). In power-down mode, the oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invoked power-down mode is the last instruction executed. The internal RAM and SFRs retain their value until the power-down mode is terminated. VCC can be lowered to save further power. Entering Power-down Mode An instruction that sets PCON.1 causes that to be the last instruction executed before going into the power-down mode. The ports status under power-down is the previous status before entering this power mode. Exit from Power-down Mode Either a hardware reset or an external interrupt (low level) on INT0 or INT1 (if enabled) can cause an exit from power-down. To properly terminate power-down, the reset or external interrupt should not be executed before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize. Exit from power-down by external interrupt does not affect the SFRs and the internal RAM content. Figure 6. Power-down Exit Waveform INTERRUPT OSC Active phase Power-down phase Oscillator restart phase Active phase By a hardware Reset, the CPU will restart in the mode defined by the RST_OSC1 and RST_OSC0 bits in HSB. 20 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 By INT1 and INT0 interruptions (if enabled), the oscillators control bits on OSCON and CKSEL will be kept, so the selected oscillator before entering in power-down mode will be activated. Only external interrupts INT0 and INT1 are useful to exit from power-down. Note: Exit from power down mode doesn’t depend on IT0 and IT1 configurations. It is only possible to exit from power down mode on a low level on these pins. Holding the pin low restarts the oscillator but bringing the pin high completes the exit as detailed in Figure 6. When both interrupts are enabled, the oscillator restarts as soon as one of the two inputs is held low and power down exit will be completed when the first input is released. In this case the higher priority interrupt service routine is executed. Table 9 shows the state of ports during idle and power-down modes. Table 9. Ports State Mode Program Memory Port3 Port4 Idle Internal Port Data Port Data Power Down Internal Port Data Port Data Table 10. Operating Modes PD IDLE CKS1 CKS0 OSCCEN OSCBEN OSCAEN Selected Mode Comment 0 0 1 1 X X 1 NORMAL MODE A OSCA: XTAL clock X X 1 1 X X 0 INVALID no active clock 0 0 1 0 X 1 X NORMAL MODE B, OSCB: high accuracy RC clock X X 1 0 X 0 X INVALID no active clock 0 0 0 1 1 X X NORMAL MODE C, OSCC: low consumption RC clock X X 0 1 0 X X INVALID no active clock 0 1 1 1 X X 1 IDLE MODE A The CPU is off, OSCA supplies the peripherals 0 1 1 0 X 1 X IDLE MODE B The CPU is off, OSCB supplies the peripherals 0 1 0 1 1 X X IDLE MODE C The CPU is off, OSCC supplies the peripherals 1 X X X X X X POWER DOWN The CPU is off, OSCA, OSCB and OSCC are stopped 21 4311C–8051–02/08 Power Modes Control Registers Table 11. PCON Register PCON (S:87h) Power configuration Register 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - GF1 GF0 PD IDL Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description 7 Reserved 6 Reserved 5 Reserved 4 Reserved 3 GF1 General Purpose flag 1 Set and Cleared by user for general purpose usage. 2 GF0 General Purpose flag 0 Set and Cleared by user for general purpose usage. PD Power-down Mode bit Cleared by hardware when an interrupt or reset occurs. Set to activate the Power-down mode. If IDL and PD are both set, PD takes precedence. IDL Idle Mode bit Cleared by hardware when an interrupt or reset occurs. Set to activate the Idle mode. If IDL and PD are both set, PD takes precedence. 1 0 Reset Value = 00XX XX00b 22 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 AUXR Register Table 12. AUXR Register AUXR - Auxiliary Register (8Eh) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 DPU - - LOWVD - - - - Bit Number 7 Bit Mnemonic Description DPU Disable Pull up Set to disable each pull up on all ports. Clear to connect all pull-ups on each port. 6 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 5 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 4 LOWVD Low Voltage Detection This bit is clear by hardware when the supply voltage is under Vpfdp value. This bit is set by hardware as soon the supply voltage is greater than Vpfdp value. 3-1 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. 0 - Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Reset Value = 0XX0 XXXXb Not bit addressable 23 4311C–8051–02/08 Timers/Counters Introduction The AT8xEB5114 implements two general-purpose, 16-bit Timers/Counters. Although they are identified as Timer 0, Timer 1, they can be independently configured each to operate in a variety of modes as a Timer or as an event Counter. When operating as a Timer, a Timer/Counter runs for a programmed length of time, then issues an interrupt request. When operating as a Counter, a Timer/Counter counts negative transitions on an external pin. After a preset number of counts, the Counter issues an interrupt request. The Timer registers and associated control registers are implemented as addressable Special Function Registers (SFRs). Two of the SFRs provide programmable control of the Timers as follows: • Timer/Counter mode control register (TMOD) and Timer/Counter control register (TCON) control both Timer 0 and Timer 1. The various operating modes of each Timer/Counter are described below. Timer/Counter Operations A basic operation is Timer registers THx and TLx (x = 0, 1) connected in cascade to form a 16-bit Timer. Setting the run control bit (TRx) in the TCON register (see Figure 15) turns the Timer on by allowing the selected input to increment TLx. When TLx overflows it increments THx and when THx overflows it sets the Timer overflow flag (TFx) in the TCON register. Setting the TRx does not clear the THx and TLx Timer registers. Timer registers can be accessed to obtain the current count or to enter preset values. They can be read at any time but the TRx bit must be cleared to preset their values, otherwise the behavior of the Timer/Counter is unpredictable. The C/Tx# control bit selects Timer operation or Counter operation by selecting the divided-down system clock or the external pin Tx as the source for the counted signal. The TRx bit must be cleared when changing the operating mode, otherwise the behavior of the Timer/Counter is unpredictable. For Timer operation (C/Tx# = 0), the Timer register counts the divided-down system clock. The Timer register is incremented once every peripheral cycle. For Counter operation (C/Tx# = 1), the Timer register counts the negative transitions on the external input pin Tx. The external input is sampled during every S5P2 state. The Programmer’s Guide describes the notation for the states in a peripheral cycle. When the sample is high in one cycle and low in the next one, the Counter is incremented. The new count value appears in the register during the next S3P1 state after the transition has been detected. Since it takes 12 states (24 oscillator periods in X1 mode) to recognize a negative transition, the maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency in X1 mode. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, it should be held for at least one full peripheral cycle. Timer 0 Timer 0 functions as either a Timer or an event Counter in four operating modes. Figure 7 to Figure 10 show the logic configuration of each mode. Timer 0 is controlled by the four lower bits of the TMOD register (see Figure 16) and bits 0, 1, 4 and 5 of the TCON register (see Figure 15). The TMOD register selects the method of Timer gating (GATE0), Timer or Counter operation (T/C0#) and the operating mode (M10 and M00). The TCON register provides Timer 0 control functions: overflow flag (TF0), run control bit (TR0), interrupt flag (IE0) and interrupt type control bit (IT0). For normal Timer operation (GATE0= 0), setting TR0 allows TL0 to be incremented by the selected input. Setting GATE0 and TR0 allows external pin INT0# to control Timer 24 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 operation. Timer 0 overflow (count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s) sets the TF0 flag and generates an interrupt request. It is important to stop the Timer/Counter before changing modes. Mode 0 configures Timer 0 as a 13-bit Timer which is set up as an 8-bit Timer (TH0 register) with a modulo-32 prescaler implemented with the lower five bits of the TL0 register (see Figure 7). The upper three bits of the TL0 register are indeterminate and should be ignored. Prescaler overflow increments the TH0 register. Mode 0 (13-bit Timer) Figure 7. Timer/Counter x (x= 0 or 1) in Mode 0 FCkIdle /6 0 THx (8 bits) 1 Tx TLx (5 bits) Overflow TFx TCON reg Timer x Interrupt Request C/Tx# TMOD reg INTx# GATEx TRx TMOD reg TCON reg Mode 1 configures Timer 0 as a 16-bit Timer with the TH0 and TL0 registers connected in a cascade (see Figure 8). The selected input increments the TL0 register. Mode 1 (16-bit Timer) Figure 8. Timer/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 1 FCkIdle /6 0 1 THx (8 bits) TLx (8 bits) Overflow TFx TCON reg Timer x Interrupt Request C/Tx# TMOD reg Tx INTx# GATEx TMOD reg Mode 2 (8-bit Timer with AutoReload) TRx TCON reg Mode 2 configures Timer 0 as an 8-bit Timer (TL0 register) that automatically reloads from the TH0 register on overflow (see Figure 9). TL0 overflow sets the TF0 flag in the TCON register and reloads TL0 with the contents of TH0, which is preset by the software. When the interrupt request is serviced, the hardware clears TF0. The reload leaves TH0 unchanged. The next reload value may be changed at any time by writing it to the TH0 register. 25 4311C–8051–02/08 Figure 9. Timer/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 2 FCkIdle /6 0 TLx (8 bits) 1 Tx Overflow TFx TCON reg Timer x Interrupt Request C/Tx# TMOD reg INTx# THx (8 bits) GATEx TRx TMOD reg TCON reg Mode 3 configures Timer 0 so that registers TL0 and TH0 operate as 8-bit Timers (see Figure 10). This mode is provided for applications requiring an additional 8-bit Timer or Counter. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits C/T0# and GATE0 in the TMOD register, and TR0 and TF0 in the TCON register in the normal manner. TH0 is locked into a Timer function (counting FUART) and takes over use of the Timer 1 interrupt (TF1) and run control (TR1) bits. Thus, operation of Timer 1 is restricted when Timer 0 is in mode 3. Mode 3 (Two 8-bit Timers) Figure 10. Timer/Counter 0 in Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counters FCkIdle /6 0 1 T0 TL0 (8 bits) Overflow TH0 (8 bits) Overflow TF0 TCON.5 Timer 0 Interrupt Request C/T0# TMOD.2 INT0# GATE0 TR0 TMOD.3 TCON.4 FCkIdle TF1 TCON.7 Timer 1 Interrupt Request TR1 TCON.6 Timer 1 26 Timer 1 is identical to Timer 0 except for Mode 3 which is a hold-count mode. The following comments help to understand the differences: • Timer 1 functions as either a Timer or an event Counter in the three operating modes. Figure 7 to Figure 9 show the logical configuration for modes 0, 1, and 2. Mode 3 of Timer 1 is a hold-count mode. • Timer 1 is controlled by the four high-order bits of the TMOD register (see Figure 16) and bits 2, 3, 6 and 7 of the TCON register (see Figure 15). The TMOD register selects the method of Timer gating (GATE1), Timer or Counter operation (C/T1#) and the operating mode (M11 and M01). The TCON register provides Timer 1 control functions: overflow flag (TF1), run control bit (TR1), interrupt flag (IE1) and the interrupt type control bit (IT1). • Timer 1 can serve as the Baud Rate Generator for the Serial Port. Mode 2 is best suited for this purpose. AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 • For normal Timer operation (GATE1= 0), setting TR1 allows TL1 to be incremented by the selected input. Setting GATE1 and TR1 allows external pin INT1# to control Timer operation. • Timer 1 overflow (count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s) sets the TF1 flag and generates an interrupt request. • When Timer 0 is in mode 3, it uses Timer 1’s overflow flag (TF1) and run control bit (TR1). For this situation, use Timer 1 only for applications that do not require an interrupt (such as a Baud Rate Generator for the Serial Port) and switch Timer 1 in and out of mode 3 to turn it off and on. • It is important to stop the Timer/Counter before changing modes. Mode 0 (13-bit Timer) Mode 0 configures Timer 1 as a 13-bit Timer, which is set up as an 8-bit Timer (TH1 register) with a modulo-32 prescaler implemented with the lower 5 bits of the TL1 register (see Figure 7). The upper 3 bits of TL1 register are indeterminate and should be ignored. Prescaler overflow increments the TH1 register. Mode 1 (16-bit Timer) Mode 1 configures Timer 1 as a 16-bit Timer with TH1 and TL1 registers connected in cascade (see Figure 8). The selected input increments the TL1 register. Mode 2 (8-bit Timer with AutoReload) Mode 2 configures Timer 1 as an 8-bit Timer (TL1 register) with automatic reload from the TH1 register on overflow (see Figure 9). TL1 overflow sets the TF1 flag in the TCON register and reloads TL1 with the contents of TH1, which is preset by the software. The reload leaves TH1 unchanged. Mode 3 (Halt) Placing Timer 1 in mode 3 causes it to halt and hold its count. This can be used to halt Timer 1 when the TR1 run control bit is not available i.e. when Timer 0 is in mode 3. 27 4311C–8051–02/08 Registers Table 13. TCON (S:88h) Timer/Counter Control Register 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description 7 TF1 Timer 1 Overflow flag Cleared by the hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine. Set by the hardware on Timer 1 register overflows. 6 TR1 Timer 1 Run Control bit Clear to turn off Timer/Counter 1. Set to turn on Timer/Counter 1. 5 TF0 Timer 0 Overflow flag Cleared by the hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine. Set by the hardware on Timer 0 register overflows. 4 TR0 Timer 0 Run Control bit Clear to turn off Timer/Counter 0. Set to turn on Timer/Counter 0. 3 IE1 Interrupt 1 Edge flag Cleared by the hardware as soon as the interrupt is processed. Set by the hardware when external interrupt is detected on the INT1 pin. 2 IT1 Interrupt 1 Type Control bit Clear to select low level active for external interrupt 1 (INT1). Set to select sensitive edge trigger for external interrupt 1. The sensitive edge (Rising or Falling) is determined by ESB1 value (Edge Selection Bit 1) in IOR (Interrupt Option Register). 1 IE0 Interrupt 0 Edge flag Cleared by the hardware as soon as the interrupt is processed. Set by the hardware when external interrupt is detected on INT0 pin. IT0 Interrupt 0 Type Control bit Clear to select low level active trigger for external interrupt 0 (INT0). Set to select sensitive edge trigger for external interrupt 0. The sensitive edge (Rising or Falling) is determined by ESB0 (Edge Selection Bit 0) in IOR (Interrupt Option Register). 0 Reset Value = 0000 0000b 28 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Table 14. IOR (S:A5h) Interrupt Option Register. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - - - ESB1 ESB0 Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description 7-2 - 1 ESB1 Reserved The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit. Edge Selection bit for INT1 Clear to select falling edge sensitive for INT1 pin. Set to select rising edge sensitive for INT1 pin. 0 ESB0 Edge Selection bit for INT0 Clear to select falling edge sensitive for INT0 pin. Set to select rising edge sensitive for INT0 pin. Reset Value = XXXX XX00b 29 4311C–8051–02/08 Table 15. TMOD Register TMOD (S:89h) Timer/Counter Mode Control Register. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 GATE1 C/T1# M11 M01 GATE0 C/T0# M10 M00 Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description 7 GATE1 Timer 1 Gating Control bit Clear to enable Timer counter 1 whenever TR1 bit is set. Set to enable Timer counter 1 only while INT1# pin is high and TR1 bit is set. 6 C/T1# Timer 1 Counter/Timer Select bit Clear for Timer operation: Timer 1 counts the divided-down system clock. Set for Counter operation: Timer 1 counts negative transitions on external pin T1. 5 M11 4 M01 3 GATE0 Timer 0 Gating Control bit Clear to enable Timer counter 0 whenever TR0 bit is set. Set to enable Timer counter 0 only while INT0# pin is high and TR0 bit is set. 2 C/T0# Timer 0 Counter/Timer Select bit Clear for Timer operation: Timer 0 counts the divided-down system clock. Set for Counter operation: Timer 0 counts negative transitions on external pin T0. 1 M10 0 M00 Timer 1 Mode Select bits M11 M01 Operating mode 0 0 Mode 0: 8-bit Timer/Counter (TH1) with 5-bit prescaler (TL1). 0 1 Mode 1: 16-bit Timer/Counter. 1 0 Mode 2: 8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter (TL1). Reloaded from TH1 at overflow. 1 1 Mode 3:Timer 1 halted. Retains count. Timer 0 Mode Select bit M10 M00 Operating mode 0 0 Mode 0:8-bit Timer/Counter (TH0) with 5-bit prescaler (TL0). 0 1 Mode 1:16-bit Timer/Counter. 1 0 Mode 2:8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter (TL0). Reloaded from TH0 at overflow 1 1 Mode 3:TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter TH0 is an 8-bit Timer using Timer 1’s TR0 and TF0 bits. Reset Value = 0000 0000b Table 16. TH0 Register TH0 (S:8Ch) Timer 0 High Byte Register. 7 Bit Number 7:0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic Description High Byte of Timer 0. Reset Value = 0000 0000b 30 AT89/83EB5114 4311C–8051–02/08 AT89/83EB5114 Table 17. TL0 Register TL0 (S:8Ah) Timer 0 Low Byte Register. 7 Bit Number 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic Description 7:0 Low Byte of Timer 0. Reset Value = 0000 0000b Table 18. TH1 Register TH1 (S:8Dh) Timer 1 High Byte Register. 7 Bit Number 6 5 4 Bit Mnemonic Description 7:0 High Byte of Timer 1. Reset Value = 0000 0000b Table 19. TL1 Register TL1 (S:8Bh) Timer 1 Low Byte Register. 7 Bit Number 7:0 6 5 4 Bit Mnemonic Description Low Byte of Timer 1. Reset Value = 0000 0000b 31 4311C–8051–02/08 Ports The AT8xEB5114 has 2 I/O ports, port 3, and port 4. All port3 and port4 I/O port pins on the AT8xEB5114 may be software configured to one of four types on a bit-by-bit basis, as shown below in Table 20. These are: quasi-bidirectional (standard 80C51 port outputs), push-pull, open drain, and input only. Two configuration registers for each port select the output type for each port pin. Table 20. Port Output Configuration setting using PxM1 and PxM2 registers (3< x < 4) PxM1.(2y+1) bit PxM1.(2y) bit (0