Car Access
PEPS, RKE, AES Immobilizer
1
Atmel Car Access System Solutions
•
Atmel® launched the first
dedicated transmitter PLL U2741B
for Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
applications in 1997
•
Atmel is a leading car access
supplier and delivered already
more than 250 Mio ICs in this
application
•
2
Strong relationships to the key
players in the automotive market
Car Access – Basic of RKE
Remote Start
Like RKE but RF is typically 2-way
Fob sends RF to car to "start engine"
Car replies with RF to fob "engine running"
Importand Design Considerations
Very long range, > 300m, requires high RF link budget
RF Link budget = f (TX power, RX sensitivity, antenna efficiencies)
3
Higher TX power by managing RF "on" time (averaging)
Higher RX sensitivity with narrower IF bandwidth & lower data rate
Requires tight frequency control & compensation
(temp/voltage/lot)
Car Access – Basic of PEPS
Passive Entry / Passive Start
From outside the vehicle: Touch car door (PE)
From inside the vehicle: Press "start" button on dashboard (PS)
LF from car awakens fob (LF downlink)
Fob measures field strength vectors & sends info to vehicle
Fob orientation is arbitrary - must measure x, y, & z axis (3D)
Fob localized: Allow "Unlock" if outside (confirm if 2-way RF)
Fob localized: Allow "Start" if inside (confirm if 2-way RF)
Important system design considerations:
LF field strength regulation over across voltage/temp/coil variation
Accurate LF field strength measurement
High LF field sensitivity
outside
detection
RF
trunk
separation
outside
detection
outside
detection
inside
detection
outside
detection
4
outside rear
detection
Wide Range Of Car Access Solutions
RKE
Single chip key
solution, best in class
performance –
ATA5774C
Best in class receiver,
with minimum external
component, no
external IF filter,
supports self polling –
ATA5724C / ATA5781
RKE + Immo
Single chip key
solution, 128 bit AES
H/W encryption engine,
up to 12.5dBm output
power, works down to
1.9V – ATA5795C
Best in class receiver,
with minimum external
component, no
external IF filter,
supports self polling –
ATA5724C / ATA5781
Immo transponder with
built in coil, AES
standard – ATA5580
5
PKE + Immo
Single chip MCU,
Immo + 3D LF Wake
up – ATA5791
Single chip LF driver +
Immo Basestation –
ATA5291
Immo transponder with
built in coil, AES
standard – ATA5580
Optional
RF transceiver for
smart key and 2 way
BCM basestation –
ATA5831
Smart RF receiver with
Flash+MCU –
ATA5782
TPMS Receiver
support
Door handle touch
Car Access: System Solution
Vehicle
Unidirectional
Passive Entry
Combi Key
Key
RF
transmitter
Ultra low
power µC
with
immobilizer
RF
Door
sensor
RF receiver
8-/16-bit
MCU
RF
transceiver
transmitter
Ultra low
power µC
with LF
immobilizer
+ 3D LF
ImmoLF
basestation
Bidirectional
Passive Entry
Body
6
computer
RF
transceiver
Ultra low
power µC
with LF
immobilizer
+ 3D LF
32-bit MCU
LF antenna
driver
Product Availability
Function
Both
Immobilizer protocol stack
Software
Production
Key fob
AES immobilizer transponder
ATA5580
Production
ATA5795
Production
ATA5791
Production
ATA5749C
Production
Key fob
Key fob
7
Embedded
Part Number Availability
AVR
Car / Fob
AES RKE AVR with immobilizer and
RF transmitter
AES PEG AVR with immobilizer and
3D wake-up
Key fob
Fractional-N RF transmitter
Both
Fractional-N RF transceiver AVR®
ATA5831
Production
Car
Fractional-N RF receiver
ATA5781
Production
Car
Fixed-frequency RF receiver
ATA572x
Production
Car
6-channel LF driver
ATA5279C
Production
Car
4-channel LF driver with Immobilizer
Basestation
ATA5291
Sampling
Car Access Key Fob Controllers
RKE AVR® ATA5795C (Primatik)
RKE key fobs
Stand-alone transponder ATA5580 (TrAESure)
PEG AVR 3D immobilizer & RF
PEG+RF/ATA5791(Primus+)
ATA5702 (Primus2+)
PEG AVR+RF ATA5703(Primus2+ROM)
PEG Controllers
ATA5790N(PrimusX)
PEG AVR ATA5700 (Primus2)
PEG AVR ATA5701 (Primus2ROM)
ATA5790 (Primus)
2010
Part Number
8
2011
2012
2013
Description
ATA5795
RKE AVR® controller with AES-128, 315/433MHz RF transmitter and immobilizer
ATA5580
Stand-alone AES-128 transponder, 8K Flash, 2K EEPROM
ATA5790
PEPS AVR controller with AES-128, 3D LF, immobilizer, 16K Flash, 2K EEPROM
ATA5790N
PEPS AVR controller with AES-128, 3D LF (enhanced), immobilizer, 16K Flash, 2K EEPROM
ATA5791
PEPS AVR controller with AES-128, 3D LF (enhanced), immobilizer, 315/433MHz RF transmitter, 16K Flash, 2K EEPROM
ATA5700
PEPS AVR controller with AES-128, 3D LF, 3D immobilizer, 16K/32K Flash, 1K/2K EEPROM
ATA5701
PEPS AVR controller with AES-128, 3D LF, 3D immobilizer, 16K/32K ROM, 1K/2K EEPROM
ATA5702
PEPS AVR controller with AES-128, 3D LF, 3D immobilizer, 315/433/868/915MHz, 16K/32K Flash, 1K/2K EEPROM
ATA5703
PEPS AVR controller with AES-128, 3D LF, 3D immobilizer, 315/433/868/915MHz, 16K/32K ROM, 1K/2K EEPROM
Remote Keyless Entry (with Immo)
Vehicle
ATA577xC /
ATA5795C
Keyfob
Ultra Low power AVR
With TX for
315/433/
868/915 MHz
Remote Control
RF Data
ATA5724C
AVR
Smart RF
Receiver
Immobilizer
ATA5580
Transponder
Ultra Low power AVR
With LF Immobilizer
AES Crypto
Energy / Data
Data
Immo
LF
Basestation
Two different ICs for Keyfob and Transponder allows a cost
optimized approach on the key side
9
Transmitter with AVR µC: ATA577xC
Remote Keyless Entry: key
Key characteristics
Highly integrated with low external BOM
22
VCC
21
20
19
PA0
2
PB0
10
PA2
4
PB 3
/ RESET
PA3 / T0
SW3
16
15
5
PB2
PA4 / SCK
14
7
8
9
PA5 / MISO
10
11
GND
PA7
ANT1
6
ANT2
Perfect current consumption due to optimized
AVR microcontroller
ATA577x
PB1
PA_ENABLE
4kbytes Flash, in-system programmable
SW2
17
3
PA6 / MOSI
18
PA1
CLK
Key features
SW1
GND
1
23
XTAL
24
VS_RF
Limited software design effort required
68nF
VCC
GND_RF
VCC
GND
Highly integrated micro-transmitter based on
AVR® microcontroller
ENABLE
13
12
VCC
Wake-up interrupt for all I/Os
RF Choke
Small package and low external component count
allows small board design
Integrated temperature sensor
10-bit ADC, brown-out detection
ESD protection: 2kV HBM
Temperature range - 40°C to +85°C
Package:
Samples available:
PPAP available:
QFN24, 5x5mm
now
now
Single Chip LF + RF with µC: ATA5795C
Remote Keyless Entry: key
Key characteristics
RKE low-power AVR® with immobilizer and RF TX
125kHz immobilizer interface compatible to existing
base-station ICs
315MHz – 433MHz Fractional-N RF TX with 12.5dBm Pout
Fast AES hardware crypto engine for both RF and LF
CMMI-certified immobilizer stack
Key features
AES is basis for open-source immobilizer software library
Highest security level for encryption (128bit)
Special memory protection secures immobilizer software
High power TX allows extended coverage
Easy software design with existing AVR tool set
11
Low-power effective AVR microcontroller
6kB Flash for customer software available
Small package and low external component count allows
small board design
1.9V to 3.6V supply voltage
Package:
Samples available:
PPAP available:
QFN32, 5x5mm
now
now
Passive Entry Go - Unidirectional
Key
Vehicle
Remote Control
ATA5791
Ultra Low power AVR
With LF Immobilizer
3D LF Receiver
AES Crypto
With
Integrated
PLL Based
RF Transmitter
RF Data
QProx
Immobilizer
Touch &
Proximity
Technology
Energy / Data
Data
PEG Wake Up
Data
12
Single chip PEPS Keyfob solution
ATA5724C /
ATA5781
RF
Receiver
ATA5291
Body
Computer
LF Antenna
Driver
+
Immobilizer
Basestation
32bits
MCU
Passive Entry / Go – Bidirectional RF
Key
Vehicle
Remote Control
ATA5831
ATA5831
Smart RF
Transceiver
RF Data
Ultra Low power AVR
With LF Immobilizer
3D LF Receiver
AES Crypto
Smart RF
Transceiver
Immobilizer
Energy / Data
ATA5790N
AVR
Data
PEG Wake Up
Data
ATA5291
LF Antenna
Driver
+
Immobilizer
Basestation
Body
Computer
32bits
MCU
QProx
Touch &
Proximity
Technology
13
Complete PEPS solution with Atmel chipset, including capacitive sensing
Microcontroller with Immobilizer, 3D LF and RF
Transmitter: ATA5791
Passive Entry Go: key
Battery
VBAT
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Key characteristics
Low-power AVR® with immobilizer and 3D LF
125kHz immobilizer interface
3D LF receiver with RSSI: 1.5mVpp worst case
Current consumption in listening mode ~ 4µA
300 to 450MHz RF Transmitter up to 12.5dBm
Fast AES hardware crypto engine
RFLoop antenna
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
19
18
17
16
ATA5791
15
14
13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
VBAT
LF- Coil
Z- axis
LF- Coil
Y- axis
LF/T- Coil
X- axis
CBUF
Key features
32-bit unique identification number
Two 128-bit secret keys, one 128-bit transponder key
Highest security level for encryption (128bit)
Special memory protection secures immobilizer software
14
AES is basis for open-source immobilizer SW library and
comes along with integrated fast AES encryption engine
Highly sensitive 3D LF RSSI measurement allows fast
wake-up
Tolerance compensation for 3D RSSI measurement
Easy software design with existing AVR tool set
Low-power, effective AVR microcontroller
•
14kB Flash for customer software available
•
Frac-N RF Transmitter (300MHz – 450MHz) up to 12.5dBm
1.9V to 4.2V supply voltage
•
Package:
Samples available:
PPAP available:
QFN38 5x7mm
Now
Now
ATA5702 – 3rd Gen PEPS KeyFob with 3D
Immobilizer
LF Bidirectional
Link
125 kHz
Engine
Control
Module
Emergency/
Immobilizer
Immobilizer
Base Station
Cbuf
LF Up Link
125 kHz
AFE
X-Axis
3D LF
Module
Y-Axis
Power
Management
Z-Axis
MCU
PEPS
Antenna
Driver
Central
Board
Controller
Primus2+
UHF
Receiver
UHF
Transmitter
UHF Down Link
315/433/868/915 MHz
Vehicle
15
Passive Key Fob
Vbat
ATA5702 – One chip PEPS Keyfob
2nd Generation Key Fob uC with AES-128, 3D IMMO & RF TX
RKE + PEPS + IMMO: Key
Key Features
• Monolithic Immobilizer/PEPS solution with AES 128
• Open immobilizer Stack
• LF Interface:
• 3D Transponder and 3D LF wake-up
• Programmable sensitivity: 100uVpp / 250uVpp / 500uVpp
• 4.7uA current consumption at 250uVpp
• Programmable LF bitrates: 1.95k / 3.9k / 7.8kbits/s
• Logarithmic RSSI measurement for better spatial
localization
• RSSI measurement on 3 channels simultaneously