ATXMEGA128D4-MH

8/16-bit Atmel XMEGA D4 Microcontroller ATxmega128D4 / ATxmega64D4 / ATxmega32D4 / ATxmega16D4 Features  High-performance, low-power Atmel® AVR® XMEGA® 8/16-bit Microcontroller  Nonvolatile program and data memories  16K - 128KBytes of in-system self-programmable flash 4K - 8KBytes boot section  1K - 2KBytes EEPROM  2K - 8KBytes internal SRAM   Peripheral Features             Four-channel event system Four 16-bit timer/counters  Two timer/counters with 4 output compare or input capture channels  Two timer/counters with 2 output compare or input capture channels  High-resolution extensions on all timer/counters  Advanced waveform extension (AWeX) on one timer/counter Two USARTs with IrDA support for one USART Two two-wire interfaces with dual address match (I2C and SMBus compatible) Two serial peripheral interfaces (SPIs) CRC-16 (CRC-CCITT) and CRC-32 (IEEE 802.3) generator 16-bit real time counter (RTC) with separate oscillator One twelve-channel, 12-bit, 200ksps Analog to Digital Converter Two Analog Comparators with window compare function, and current sources External interrupts on all general purpose I/O pins Programmable watchdog timer with separate on-chip ultra low power oscillator QTouch® library support  Capacitive touch buttons, sliders and wheels  Special microcontroller features  Power-on reset and programmable brown-out detection Internal and external clock options with PLL and prescaler  Programmable multilevel interrupt controller  Five sleep modes  Programming and debug interfaces  PDI (program and debug interface)   I/O and packages  34 Programmable I/O pins 44 - lead TQFP  44 - pad VQFN/QFN  49 - ball VFBGA   Operating voltage  1.6 – 3.6V  Operating frequency   0 – 12MHz from 1.6V 0 – 32MHz from 2.7V Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 1. Ordering Information Flash (Bytes) EEPROM (Bytes) SRAM (Bytes) 128K + 8K 2K 8K 128K + 8K 2K 8K 64K + 4K 2K 4K 64K + 4K 2K 4K ATxmega32D4-AU 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega32D4-AUR(4) 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega16D4-AU 16K + 4K 1K 2K 16K + 4K 1K 2K 128K + 8K 2K 8K 128K + 8K 2K 8K 64K + 4K 2K 4K 64K + 4K 2K 4K ATxmega32D4-MH 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega32D4-MHR(4) 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega16D4-MH 16K + 4K 1K 2K 16K + 4K 1K 2K 128K + 8K 2K 8K 128K + 8K 2K 8K 64K + 4K 2K 4K 64K + 4K 2K 4K ATxmega32D4-CU 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega32D4-CUR(4) 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega16D4-CU 16K + 4K 1K 2K 16K + 4K 1K 2K Ordering Code ATxmega128D4-AU ATxmega128D4-AUR (4) ATxmega64D4-AU ATxmega64D4-AUR (4) Speed (MHz) Power Supply Package(1)(2)(3) Temp 44A ATxmega16D4-AUR (4) ATxmega128D4-MH ATxmega128D4-MHR (4) ATxmega64D4-MH ATxmega64D4-MHR (4) 32 ATxmega16D4-MHR (4) ATxmega128D4-CU ATxmega128D4-CUR (4) ATxmega64D4-CU ATxmega64D4-CUR (4) 1.6 - 3.6V 44M1 -40C - 85C 49C2 ATxmega16D4-CUR (4) XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 2 Flash (Bytes) EEPROM (Bytes) SRAM (Bytes) 128K + 8K 2K 8K 128K + 8K 2K 8K 64K + 4K 2K 4K 64K + 4K 2K 4K ATxmega32D4-AN 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega32D4-ANR(4) 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega16D4-AN 16K + 4K 1K 2K 16K + 4K 1K 2K ATxmega128D4-M7 128K + 8K 2K 8K ATxmega128D4-M7R(4) 128K + 8K 2K 8K ATxmega64D4-M7 64K + 4K 2K 4K 64K + 4K 2K 4K ATxmega32D4-M7 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega32D4-M7R(4) 32K + 4K 1K 4K ATxmega16D4-M7 16K + 4K 1K 2K 16K + 4K 1K 2K Ordering Code ATxmega128D4-AN ATxmega128D4-ANR (4) ATxmega64D4-AN ATxmega64D4-ANR (4) Speed (MHz) Power Supply Package(1)(2)(3) Temp 44A ATxmega16D4-ANR (4) 32 ATxmega64D4-M7R (4) 1.6 - 3.6V -40C - 105C 44M1 ATxmega16D4-M7R Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. (4) This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information. Pb-free packaging, complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive). Also Halide free and fully Green. For packaging information see ”Packaging information” on page 64. Tape and Reel. Package type 44A 44-lead, 10*10mm body size, 1.0mm body thickness, 0.8mm lead pitch, thin profile plastic quad flat package (TQFP) 44M1 44-Pad, 7*7*1mm body, lead pitch 0.50mm, 5.20mm exposed pad, thermally enhanced plastic very thin quad no lead package (VQFN) 49C2 49-ball (7 * 7 Array), 0.65mm pitch, 5.0*5.0*1.0mm, very thin, fine-pitch ball grid array package (VFBGA) Typical Applications Industrial control Climate control Low power battery applications Factory automation RF and ZigBee® Power tools Building control USB connectivity HVAC Board control Sensor control Utility metering White goods Optical Medical applications XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 3 2. Pinout/Block diagram Figure 2-1. Block Diagram and QFN/TQFP Pinout Power Ground Programming, debug, test GND PR1 PR0 RESET/PDI PDI 38 37 36 35 34 PA1 41 AVCC PA2 42 39 PA3 43 PA0 PA4 44 40 External clock / Crystal pins General Purpose I /O Digital function Analog function / Oscillators Port R PA5 1 PA6 2 XOSC TOSC 33 PE3 32 PE2 31 VCC 30 GND 29 PE1 28 PE0 27 PD7 26 PD6 25 PD5 24 PD4 23 PD3 4 PB0 PB1 5 PB2 6 PB3 7 GND 8 VCC 9 OSC/CLK Control Internal oscillators Watchdog Power Supervision Sleep Controller Real Time Counter Watchdog Timer Reset Controller Event System Controller CRC OCD Prog/Debug Interface AREF ADC AC0:1 Port B 3 PA7 Port A DATA BUS Interrupt Controller AREF BUS matrix Internal references CPU SRAM EEPROM FLASH DATA BUS Note: 1. 21 22 PD2 18 GND PD1 17 PC7 20 16 PC6 PD0 15 PC5 19 14 PC4 Port E VCC 13 PC3 TWI TC0 SPI 12 Port D PC2 Port C USART0 TC0 SPI 11 TWI PC1 TC0:1 10 USART0 PC0 IRCOM EVENT ROUTING NETWORK For full details on pinout and pin functions refer to “Pinout and Pin Functions” on page 49. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 4 Figure 2-2. VFBGA Pinout Top view 1 2 3 4 5 Bottom view 6 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A A B B C C D D E E F F G G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A PA3 AVCC GND PR1 PR0 PDI PE3 B PA4 PA1 PA0 GND RESET/PDI_CLK PE2 VCC C PA5 PA2 PA6 PA7 GND PE1 GND D PB1 PB2 PB3 PB0 GND PD7 PE0 E GND GND PC3 GND PD4 PD5 PD6 F VCC PC0 PC4 PC6 PD0 PD1 PD3 G PC1 PC2 PC5 PC7 GND VCC PD2 XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 5 3. Overview The Atmel AVR XMEGA is a family of low power, high performance, and peripheral rich 8/16-bit microcontrollers based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing instructions in a single clock cycle, the AVR XMEGA device achieves throughputs CPU approaching one million instructions per second (MIPS) per megahertz, allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. The AVR CPU combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All 32 registers are directly connected to the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in a single instruction, executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs many times faster than conventional single-accumulator or CISC based microcontrollers. The AVR XMEGA D4 devices provide the following features: in-system programmable flash with read-while-write capabilities; internal EEPROM and SRAM; four-channel event system and programmable multilevel interrupt controller, 34 general purpose I/O lines, 16-bit real-time counter (RTC); four flexible, 16-bit timer/counters with compare and PWM channels; two USARTs; two two-wire serial interfaces (TWIs); two serial peripheral interfaces (SPIs); one twelvechannel, 12-bit ADC with optional differential input with programmable gain; two analog comparators (ACs) with window mode; programmable watchdog timer with separate internal oscillator; accurate internal oscillators with PLL and prescaler; and programmable brown-out detection. The program and debug interface (PDI), a fast, two-pin interface for programming and debugging, is available. The XMEGA D4 devices have five software selectable power saving modes. The idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, event system, interrupt controller, and all peripherals to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the SRAM and register contents, but stops the oscillators, disabling all other functions until the next TWI, or pin-change interrupt, or reset. In power-save mode, the asynchronous real-time counter continues to run, allowing the application to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. In standby mode, the external crystal oscillator keeps running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast startup from the external crystal, combined with low power consumption. In extended standby mode, both the main oscillator and the asynchronous timer continue to run. To further reduce power consumption, the peripheral clock to each individual peripheral can optionally be stopped in active mode and idle sleep mode. Atmel offers a free QTouch library for embedding capacitive touch buttons, sliders and wheels functionality into AVR microcontrollers. The devices are manufactured using Atmel high-density, nonvolatile memory technology. The program flash memory can be reprogrammed in-system through the PDI interface. A boot loader running in the device can use any interface to download the application program to the flash memory. The boot loader software in the boot flash section will continue to run while the application flash section is updated, providing true read-while-write operation. By combining an 8/16-bit RISC CPU with in-system, self-programmable flash, the AVR XMEGA is a powerful microcontroller family that provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution for many embedded applications. All Atmel AVR XMEGA devices are supported with a full suite of program and system development tools, including C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, programmers, and evaluation kits. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 6 3.1 Block Diagram Figure 3-1. XMEGA D4 Block Diagram Digital function Programming, debug, test Analog function Oscillator/Crystal/Clock General Purpose I/O PR[0..1] XTAL/ TOSC1 XTAL2/ TOSC2 Oscillator Circuits/ Clock Generation PORT R (2) Real Time Counter Watchdog Oscillator DATA BUS Watchdog Timer ACA Event System Controller PA[0..7] Oscillator Control Sleep Controller Power Supervision POR/BOD & RESET PORT A (8) ADCA SRAM GND BUS Matrix AREFA Interrupt Controller VCC/10 VCC Prog/Debug Controller PDI RESET/ PDI_CLK PDI_DATA Int. Refs. Tempref CPU CRC OCD AREFB NVM Controller PORT B (4) Flash EEPROM DATA BUS PORT D (8) TCE0 TWIE SPID TCD0 USARTD0 SPIC PORT C (8) TWIC TCC0:1 USARTC0 EVENT ROUTING NETWORK IRCOM PB[0..3] To Clock Generator PORT E (4) TOSC1 TOSC2 PC[0..7] PD[0..7] PE[0..3] XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 7 4. Resources A comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheets are available for download on http://www.atmel.com/avr. 4.1 Recommended Reading  Atmel AVR XMEGA D manual  XMEGA application notes This device data sheet only contains part specific information with a short description of each peripheral and module. The XMEGA D manual describes the modules and peripherals in depth. The XMEGA application notes contain example code and show applied use of the modules and peripherals. All documentations are available from www.atmel.com/avr. 5. Capacitive Touch Sensing The Atmel QTouch library provides a simple to use solution to realize touch sensitive interfaces on most Atmel AVR microcontrollers. The patented charge-transfer signal acquisition offers robust sensing and includes fully debounced reporting of touch keys and includes Adjacent Key Suppression® (AKS®) technology for unambiguous detection of key events. The QTouch library includes support for the QTouch and QMatrix acquisition methods. Touch sensing can be added to any application by linking the appropriate Atmel QTouch library for the AVR microcontroller. This is done by using a simple set of APIs to define the touch channels and sensors, and then calling the touch sensing API’s to retrieve the channel information and determine the touch sensor states. The QTouch library is FREE and downloadable from the Atmel website at the following location: http://www.atmel.com/tools/QTOUCHLIBRARY.aspx. For implementation details and other information, refer to the QTouch library user guide - also available for download from the Atmel website. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 8 6. AVR CPU 6.1 Features  8/16-bit, high-performance Atmel AVR RISC CPU   137 instructions Hardware multiplier  32x8-bit registers directly connected to the ALU  Stack in RAM  Stack pointer accessible in I/O memory space  Direct addressing of up to 16MB of program memory and 16MB of data memory  True 16/24-bit access to 16/24-bit I/O registers  Efficient support for 8-, 16-, and 32-bit arithmetic  Configuration change protection of system-critical features 6.2 Overview All Atmel AVR XMEGA devices use the 8/16-bit AVR CPU. The main function of the CPU is to execute the code and perform all calculations. The CPU is able to access memories, perform calculations, control peripherals, and execute the program in the flash memory. Interrupt handling is described in a separate section, refer to “Interrupts and Programmable Multilevel Interrupt Controller” on page 27. 6.3 Architectural Overview In order to maximize performance and parallelism, the AVR CPU uses a Harvard architecture with separate memories and buses for program and data. Instructions in the program memory are executed with single-level pipelining. While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the program memory. This enables instructions to be executed on every clock cycle. For details of all AVR instructions, refer to http://www.atmel.com/avr. Figure 6-1. Block Diagram of the AVR CPU Architecture XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 9 The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) supports arithmetic and logic operations between registers or between a constant and a register. Single-register operations can also be executed in the ALU. After an arithmetic operation, the status register is updated to reflect information about the result of the operation. The ALU is directly connected to the fast-access register file. The 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers all have single clock cycle access time allowing single-cycle arithmetic logic unit (ALU) operation between registers or between a register and an immediate. Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit address pointers for program and data space addressing, enabling efficient address calculations. The memory spaces are linear. The data memory space and the program memory space are two different memory spaces. The data memory space is divided into I/O registers, SRAM, and external RAM. In addition, the EEPROM can be memory mapped in the data memory. All I/O status and control registers reside in the lowest 4KB addresses of the data memory. This is referred to as the I/O memory space. The lowest 64 addresses can be accessed directly, or as the data space locations from 0x00 to 0x3F. The rest is the extended I/O memory space, ranging from 0x0040 to 0x0FFF. I/O registers here must be accessed as data space locations using load (LD/LDS/LDD) and store (ST/STS/STD) instructions. The SRAM holds data. Code execution from SRAM is not supported. It can easily be accessed through the five different addressing modes supported in the AVR architecture. The first SRAM address is 0x2000. Data addresses 0x1000 to 0x1FFF are reserved for memory mapping of EEPROM. The program memory is divided in two sections, the application program section and the boot program section. Both sections have dedicated lock bits for write and read/write protection. The SPM instruction that is used for selfprogramming of the application flash memory must reside in the boot program section. The application section contains an application table section with separate lock bits for write and read/write protection. The application table section can be used for safe storing of nonvolatile data in the program memory. 6.4 ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) supports arithmetic and logic operations between registers or between a constant and a register. Single-register operations can also be executed. The ALU operates in direct connection with all 32 general purpose registers. In a single clock cycle, arithmetic operations between general purpose registers or between a register and an immediate are executed and the result is stored in the register file. After an arithmetic or logic operation, the status register is updated to reflect information about the result of the operation. ALU operations are divided into three main categories – arithmetic, logical, and bit functions. Both 8- and 16-bit arithmetic is supported, and the instruction set allows for efficient implementation of 32-bit aritmetic. The hardware multiplier supports signed and unsigned multiplication and fractional format. 6.4.1 Hardware Multiplier The multiplier is capable of multiplying two 8-bit numbers into a 16-bit result. The hardware multiplier supports different variations of signed and unsigned integer and fractional numbers:  Multiplication of unsigned integers  Multiplication of signed integers  Multiplication of a signed integer with an unsigned integer  Multiplication of unsigned fractional numbers  Multiplication of signed fractional numbers  Multiplication of a signed fractional number with an unsigned one A multiplication takes two CPU clock cycles. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 10 6.5 Program Flow After reset, the CPU starts to execute instructions from the lowest address in the flash programmemory ‘0.’ The program counter (PC) addresses the next instruction to be fetched. Program flow is provided by conditional and unconditional jump and call instructions capable of addressing the whole address space directly. Most AVR instructions use a 16-bit word format, while a limited number use a 32-bit format. During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address PC is stored on the stack. The stack is allocated in the general data SRAM, and consequently the stack size is only limited by the total SRAM size and the usage of the SRAM. After reset, the stack pointer (SP) points to the highest address in the internal SRAM. The SP is read/write accessible in the I/O memory space, enabling easy implementation of multiple stacks or stack areas. The data SRAM can easily be accessed through the five different addressing modes supported in the AVR CPU. 6.6 Status Register The status register (SREG) contains information about the result of the most recently executed arithmetic or logic instruction. This information can be used for altering program flow in order to perform conditional operations. Note that the status register is updated after all ALU operations, as specified in the instruction set reference. This will in many cases remove the need for using the dedicated compare instructions, resulting in faster and more compact code. The status register is not automatically stored when entering an interrupt routine nor restored when returning from an interrupt. This must be handled by software. The status register is accessible in the I/O memory space. 6.7 Stack and Stack Pointer The stack is used for storing return addresses after interrupts and subroutine calls. It can also be used for storing temporary data. The stack pointer (SP) register always points to the top of the stack. It is implemented as two 8-bit registers that are accessible in the I/O memory space. Data are pushed and popped from the stack using the PUSH and POP instructions. The stack grows from a higher memory location to a lower memory location. This implies that pushing data onto the stack decreases the SP, and popping data off the stack increases the SP. The SP is automatically loaded after reset, and the initial value is the highest address of the internal SRAM. If the SP is changed, it must be set to point above address 0x2000, and it must be defined before any subroutine calls are executed or before interrupts are enabled. During interrupts or subroutine calls, the return address is automatically pushed on the stack. The return address can be two or three bytes, depending on program memory size of the device. For devices with 128KB or less of program memory, the return address is two bytes, and hence the stack pointer is decremented/incremented by two. For devices with more than 128KB of program memory, the return address is three bytes, and hence the SP is decremented/incremented by three. The return address is popped off the stack when returning from interrupts using the RETI instruction, and from subroutine calls using the RET instruction. The SP is decremented by one when data are pushed on the stack with the PUSH instruction, and incremented by one when data is popped off the stack using the POP instruction. To prevent corruption when updating the stack pointer from software, a write to SPL will automatically disable interrupts for up to four instructions or until the next I/O memory write. After reset the stack pointer is initialized to the highest address of the SRAM. See Figure 7-2 on page 15. 6.8 Register File The register file consists of 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers with single clock cycle access time. The register file supports the following input/output schemes:  One 8-bit output operand and one 8-bit result input  Two 8-bit output operands and one 8-bit result input  Two 8-bit output operands and one 16-bit result input  One 16-bit output operand and one 16-bit result input XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 11 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit address register pointers for data space addressing, enabling efficient address calculations. One of these address pointers can also be used as an address pointer for lookup tables in flash program memory. 7. Memories 7.1 Features  Flash program memory         One linear address space In-system programmable Self-programming and boot loader support Application section for application code Application table section for application code or data storage Boot section for application code or boot loader code Separate read/write protection lock bits for all sections Built in fast CRC check of a selectable flash program memory section  Data memory  One linear address space Single-cycle access from CPU  SRAM  EEPROM  Byte and page accessible  Optional memory mapping for direct load and store  I/O memory  Configuration and status registers for all peripherals and modules  16 bit-accessible general purpose registers for global variables or flags   Production signature row memory for factory programmed data  ID for each microcontroller device type Serial number for each device  Calibration bytes for factory calibrated peripherals   User signature row  One flash page in size Can be read and written from software  Content is kept after chip erase  7.2 Overview The Atmel AVR architecture has two main memory spaces, the program memory and the data memory. Executable code can reside only in the program memory, while data can be stored in the program memory and the data memory. The data memory includes the internal SRAM, and EEPROM for nonvolatile data storage. All memory spaces are linear and require no memory bank switching. Nonvolatile memory (NVM) spaces can be locked for further write and read/write operations. This prevents unrestricted access to the application software. A separate memory section contains the fuse bytes. These are used for configuring important system functions, and can only be written by an external programmer. The available memory size configurations are shown in “Ordering Information” on page 2. In addition, each device has a Flash memory signature row for calibration data, device identification, serial number etc. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 12 7.3 Flash Program Memory The Atmel AVR XMEGA devices contain on-chip, in-system reprogrammable flash memory for program storage. The flash memory can be accessed for read and write from an external programmer through the PDI or from application software running in the device. All AVR CPU instructions are 16 or 32 bits wide, and each flash location is 16 bits wide. The flash memory is organized in two main sections, the application section and the boot loader section. The sizes of the different sections are fixed, but device-dependent. These two sections have separate lock bits, and can have different levels of protection. The store program memory (SPM) instruction, which is used to write to the flash from the application software, will only operate when executed from the boot loader section. The application section contains an application table section with separate lock settings. This enables safe storage of nonvolatile data in the program memory. Figure 7-1. Flash Program Memory (Hexadecimal Address) Word address ATxmega128D4 ATxmega64D4 0 ATxmega32D4 0 ATxmega16D4 0 0 Application section (128K/64K/32K/16K) ... 7.3.1 EFFF / 77FF / 37FF / 17FF F000 / 7800 / 3800 / 1800 FFFF / 7FFF / 3FFF / 1FFF 10000 / 8000 / 4000 / 2000 10FFF / 87FF / 47FF / 27FF Application table section (8K/4K/4K/4K) Boot section (8K/4K/4K/4K) Application Section The Application section is the section of the flash that is used for storing the executable application code. The protection level for the application section can be selected by the boot lock bits for this section. The application section can not store any boot loader code since the SPM instruction cannot be executed from the application section. 7.3.2 Application Table Section The application table section is a part of the application section of the flash memory that can be used for storing data. The size is identical to the boot loader section. The protection level for the application table section can be selected by the boot lock bits for this section. The possibilities for different protection levels on the application section and the application table section enable safe parameter storage in the program memory. If this section is not used for data, application code can reside here. 7.3.3 Boot Loader Section While the application section is used for storing the application code, the boot loader software must be located in the boot loader section because the SPM instruction can only initiate programming when executing from this section. The SPM instruction can access the entire flash, including the boot loader section itself. The protection level for the boot loader section can be selected by the boot loader lock bits. If this section is not used for boot loader software, application code can be stored here. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 13 7.3.4 Production Signature Row The production signature row is a separate memory section for factory programmed data. It contains calibration data for functions such as oscillators and analog modules. Some of the calibration values will be automatically loaded to the corresponding module or peripheral unit during reset. Other values must be loaded from the signature row and written to the corresponding peripheral registers from software. For details on calibration conditions, refer to “Electrical Characteristics” on page 64. The production signature row also contains an ID that identifies each microcontroller device type and a serial number for each manufactured device. The serial number consists of the production lot number, wafer number, and wafer coordinates for the device. The device ID for the available devices is shown in Table 7-1 on page 14. The production signature row cannot be written or erased, but it can be read from application software and external programmers. Table 7-1. Device ID Bytes for Atmel AVR XMEGA D4 Devices Device 7.3.5 Device ID bytes Byte 2 Byte 1 Byte 0 ATxmega16D4 42 94 1E ATxmega32D4 42 95 1E ATxmega64D4 47 96 1E ATxmega128D4 47 97 1E User Signature Row The user signature row is a separate memory section that is fully accessible (read and write) from application software and external programmers. It is one flash page in size, and is meant for static user parameter storage, such as calibration data, custom serial number, identification numbers, random number seeds, etc. This section is not erased by chip erase commands that erase the flash, and requires a dedicated erase command. This ensures parameter storage during multiple program/erase operations and on-chip debug sessions. 7.4 Fuses and Lock Bits The fuses are used to configure important system functions, and can only be written from an external programmer. The application software can read the fuses. The fuses are used to configure reset sources such as brownout detector and watchdog, startup configuration, JTAG enable, and JTAG user ID. The lock bits are used to set protection levels for the different flash sections (that is, if read and/or write access should be blocked). Lock bits can be written by external programmers and application software, but only to stricter protection levels. Chip erase is the only way to erase the lock bits. To ensure that flash contents are protected even during chip erase, the lock bits are erased after the rest of the flash memory has been erased. An unprogrammed fuse or lock bit will have the value one, while a programmed fuse or lock bit will have the value zero. Both fuses and lock bits are reprogrammable like the flash program memory. 7.5 Data Memory The data memory contains the I/O memory, internal SRAM, optionally memory mapped EEPROM, and external memory if available. The data memory is organized as one continuous memory section, see Figure 7-2 on page 15. To simplify development, I/O Memory, EEPROM and SRAM will always have the same start addresses for all Atmel AVR XMEGA devices. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 14 Figure 7-2. Data Memory Map (Hexadecimal Address) Byte address ATxmega64D4 0 Byte address ATxmega32D4 0 I/O Registers (4K) FFF 1000 13FF 2000 EEPROM (1K) 13FF RESERVED 2000 Internal SRAM (4K) 2FFF I/O Registers (4K) FFF EEPROM (1K) RESERVED Byte address 0 1000 EEPROM (2K) 17FF ATxmega16D4 I/O Registers (4K) FFF 1000 Byte address RESERVED 2000 Internal SRAM (4K) 2FFF Internal SRAM (2K) 27FF ATxmega128D4 0 I/O Registers (4K) FFF 1000 EEPROM (2K) 17FF RESERVED 2000 Internal SRAM (8K) 3FFF 7.6 EEPROM XMEGA D devices have EEPROM for nonvolatile data storage. It is either addressable in a separate data space (default) or memory mapped and accessed in normal data space. The EEPROM supports both byte and page access. Memory mapped EEPROM allows highly efficient EEPROM reading and EEPROM buffer loading. When doing this, EEPROM is accessible using load and store instructions. Memory mapped EEPROM will always start at hexadecimal address 0x1000. 7.7 I/O Memory The status and configuration registers for peripherals and modules, including the CPU, are addressable through I/O memory locations. All I/O locations can be accessed by the load (LD/LDS/LDD) and store (ST/STS/STD) instructions, which are used to transfer data between the 32 registers in the register file and the I/O memory. The IN and OUT instructions can address I/O memory locations in the range of 0x00 to 0x3F directly. In the address range 0x00 - 0x1F, single-cycle instructions for manipulation and checking of individual bits are available. The I/O memory address for all peripherals and modules in XMEGA D4 is shown in the “Peripheral Module Address Map” on page 54. 7.7.1 General Purpose I/O Registers The lowest 16 I/O memory addresses are reserved as general purpose I/O registers. These registers can be used for storing global variables and flags, as they are directly bit-accessible using the SBI, CBI, SBIS, and SBIC instructions. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 15 7.8 Data Memory and Bus Arbitration Since the data memory is organized as four separate sets of memories, the bus masters (CPU, etc.) can access different memory sections at the same time. 7.9 Memory Timing Read and write access to the I/O memory takes one CPU clock cycle. A write to SRAM takes one cycle, and a read from SRAM takes two cycles. EEPROM page load (write) takes one cycle, and three cycles are required for read. For burst read, new data are available every second cycle. Refer to the instruction summary for more details on instructions and instruction timing. 7.10 Device ID and Revision Each device has a three-byte device ID. This ID identifies Atmel as the manufacturer of the device and the device type. A separate register contains the revision number of the device. 7.11 I/O Memory Protection Some features in the device are regarded as critical for safety in some applications. Due to this, it is possible to lock the I/O register related to the clock system, the event system, and the advanced waveform extensions. As long as the lock is enabled, all related I/O registers are locked and they can not be written from the application software. The lock registers themselves are protected by the configuration change protection mechanism. 7.12 Flash and EEPROM Page Size The flash program memory and EEPROM data memory are organized in pages. The pages are word accessible for the flash and byte accessible for the EEPROM. Table 7-2 on page 16 shows the Flash Program Memory organization and Program Counter (PC) size. Flash write and erase operations are performed on one page at a time, while reading the Flash is done one byte at a time. For Flash access the Z-pointer (Z[m:n]) is used for addressing. The most significant bits in the address (FPAGE) give the page number and the least significant address bits (FWORD) give the word in the page. Table 7-2. Number of Words and Pages in the Flash Devices PC size Flash size Page Size FWORD bits bytes words ATxmega16D4 14 16K + 4K 128 Z[7:1] ATxmega32D4 15 32K + 4K 128 ATxmega64D4 16 64K + 4K ATxmega128D4 17 128K + 8K FPAGE Application Boot Size No of pages Size No of pages Z[13:8] 16K 64 4K 16 Z[7:1] Z[14:8] 32K 128 4K 16 128 Z[7:1] Z[15:8] 64K 256 4K 16 128 Z[9:1] Z[16:8] 128K 512 8K 32 Table 7-3 on page 17 shows EEPROM memory organization for the Atmel AVR XMEGA D4 devices. EEEPROM write and erase operations can be performed one page or one byte at a time, while reading the EEPROM is done one byte at a time. For EEPROM access the NVM address register (ADDR[m:n]) is used for addressing. The most significant bits in the address (E2PAGE) give the page number and the least significant address bits (E2BYTE) give the byte in the page. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 16 Table 7-3. Number of Bytes and Pages in the EEPROM Devices EEPROM Page Size E2BYTE E2PAGE No of Pages Size bytes ATxmega16D4 1K 32 ADDR[4:0] ADDR[10:5] 32 ATxmega32D4 1K 32 ADDR[4:0] ADDR[10:5] 32 ATxmega64D4 2K 32 ADDR[4:0] ADDR[10:5] 64 ATxmega128D4 2K 32 ADDR[4:0] ADDR[10:5] 64 XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 17 8. Event System 8.1 Features  System for direct peripheral-to-peripheral communication and signaling  Peripherals can directly send, receive, and react to peripheral events  CPU independent operation 100% predictable signal timing  Short and guaranteed response time   Four event channels for up to four different and parallel signal routing configurations  Events can be sent and/or used by most peripherals, clock system, and software  Additional functions include   Quadrature decoders Digital filtering of I/O pin state  Works in active mode and idle sleep mode 8.2 Overview The event system enables direct peripheral-to-peripheral communication and signaling. It allows a change in one peripheral’s state to automatically trigger actions in other peripherals. It is designed to provide a predictable system for short and predictable response times between peripherals. It allows for autonomous peripheral control and interaction without the use of interrupts, CPU, and is thus a powerful tool for reducing the complexity, size and execution time of application code. It also allows for synchronized timing of actions in several peripheral modules. A change in a peripheral’s state is referred to as an event, and usually corresponds to the peripheral’s interrupt conditions. Events can be directly passed to other peripherals using a dedicated routing network called the event routing network. How events are routed and used by the peripherals is configured in software. Figure 8-1 shows a basic diagram of all connected peripherals. The event system can directly connect together analog to digital converter, analog comparators, I/O port pins, the real-time counter, timer/counters, and IR communication module (IRCOM). Events can also be generated from software and the peripheral clock. Figure 8-1. Event System Overview and Connected Peripherals CPU / Software Event Routing Network ADC Event System Controller clkPER Prescaler Real Time Counter AC Timer / Counters Port pins IRCOM The event routing network consists of four software-configurable multiplexers that control how events are routed and used. These are called event channels, and allow for up to four parallel event routing configurations. The maximum routing latency is two peripheral clock cycles. The event system works in both active mode and idle sleep mode. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 18 9. System Clock and Clock Options 9.1 Features  Fast start-up time  Safe run-time clock switching  Internal oscillators:  32MHz run-time calibrated and tuneable oscillator 2MHz run-time calibrated oscillator  32.768kHz calibrated oscillator  32kHz ultra low power (ULP) oscillator with 1kHz output   External clock options  0.4MHz - 16MHz crystal oscillator 32.768kHz crystal oscillator  External clock   PLL with 20MHz - 128MHz output frequency   Internal and external clock options and 1x to 31x multiplication Lock detector  Clock prescalers with 1x to 2048x division  Fast peripheral clocks running at two and four times the CPU clock  Automatic run-time calibration of internal oscillators  External oscillator and PLL lock failure detection with optional non-maskable interrupt 9.2 Overview Atmel AVR XMEGA D4 devices have a flexible clock system supporting a large number of clock sources. It incorporates both accurate internal oscillators and external crystal oscillator and resonator support. A high-frequency phase locked loop (PLL) and clock prescalers can be used to generate a wide range of clock frequencies. A calibration feature (DFLL) is available, and can be used for automatic run-time calibration of the internal oscillators to remove frequency drift over voltage and temperature. An oscillator failure monitor can be enabled to issue a non-maskable interrupt and switch to the internal oscillator if the external oscillator or PLL fails. When a reset occurs, all clock sources except the 32kHz ultra low power oscillator are disabled. After reset, the device will always start up running from the 2MHz internal oscillator. During normal operation, the system clock source and prescalers can be changed from software at any time. Figure 9-1 on page 20 presents the principal clock system in the XMEGA D4 family of devices. Not all of the clocks need to be active at a given time. The clocks for the CPU and peripherals can be stopped using sleep modes and power reduction registers, as described in “Power Management and Sleep Modes” on page 22. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 19 Figure 9-1. The Clock System, Clock Sources and Clock Distribution Real Time Counter Peripherals RAM AVR CPU Non-Volatile Memory clkPER clkCPU clkPER2 clkPER4 Brown-out Detector System Clock Prescalers Watchdog Timer clkSYS clkRTC System Clock Multiplexer (SCLKSEL) RTCSRC DIV32 DIV32 DIV32 PLL PLLSRC DIV4 XOSCSEL 32 kHz Int. ULP 32.768 kHz Int. OSC 32.768 kHz TOSC 32 MHz Int. Osc 2 MHz Int. Osc XTAL2 XTAL1 TOSC2 TOSC1 9.3 0.4 – 16 MHz XTAL Clock Sources The clock sources are divided in two main groups: internal oscillators and external clock sources. Most of the clock sources can be directly enabled and disabled from software, while others are automatically enabled or disabled, depending on peripheral settings. After reset, the device starts up running from the 2MHz internal oscillator. The other clock sources, DFLLs and PLL, are turned off by default. The internal oscillators do not require any external components to run. For details on characteristics and accuracy of the internal oscillators, refer to the device datasheet. 9.3.1 32kHz Ultra Low Power Internal Oscillator This oscillator provides an approximate 32kHz clock. The 32kHz ultra low power (ULP) internal oscillator is a very low power clock source, and it is not designed for high accuracy. The oscillator employs a built-in prescaler that provides a XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 20 1kHz output. The oscillator is automatically enabled/disabled when it is used as clock source for any part of the device. This oscillator can be selected as the clock source for the RTC. 9.3.2 32.768kHz Calibrated Internal Oscillator This oscillator provides an approximate 32.768kHz clock. It is calibrated during production to provide a default frequency close to its nominal frequency. The calibration register can also be written from software for run-time calibration of the oscillator frequency. The oscillator employs a built-in prescaler, which provides both a 32.768kHz output and a 1.024kHz output. 9.3.3 32.768kHz Crystal Oscillator A 32.768kHz crystal oscillator can be connected between the TOSC1 and TOSC2 pins and enables a dedicated low frequency oscillator input circuit. A low power mode with reduced voltage swing on TOSC2 is available. This oscillator can be used as a clock source for the system clock and RTC, and as the DFLL reference clock. 9.3.4 0.4 - 16MHz Crystal Oscillator This oscillator can operate in four different modes optimized for different frequency ranges, all within 0.4 - 16MHz. 9.3.5 2MHz Run-time Calibrated Internal Oscillator The 2MHz run-time calibrated internal oscillator is the default system clock source after reset. It is calibrated during production to provide a default frequency close to its nominal frequency. A DFLL can be enabled for automatic run-time calibration of the oscillator to compensate for temperature and voltage drift and optimize the oscillator accuracy. 9.3.6 32MHz Run-time Calibrated Internal Oscillator The 32MHz run-time calibrated internal oscillator is a high-frequency oscillator. It is calibrated during production to provide a default frequency close to its nominal frequency. A digital frequency looked loop (DFLL) can be enabled for automatic run-time calibration of the oscillator to compensate for temperature and voltage drift and optimize the oscillator accuracy. This oscillator can also be adjusted and calibrated to any frequency between 30MHz and 55MHz. 9.3.7 External Clock Sources The XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins can be used to drive an external oscillator, either a quartz crystal or a ceramic resonator. XTAL1 can be used as input for an external clock signal. The TOSC1 and TOSC2 pins is dedicated to driving a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator. 9.3.8 PLL with 1x-31x Multiplication Factor The built-in phase locked loop (PLL) can be used to generate a high-frequency system clock. The PLL has a userselectable multiplication factor of from 1 to 31. In combination with the prescalers, this gives a wide range of output frequencies from all clock sources. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 21 10. Power Management and Sleep Modes 10.1 Features  Power management for adjusting power consumption and functions  Five sleep modes  Idle Power down  Power save  Standby  Extended standby   Power reduction register to disable clock and turn off unused peripherals in active and idle modes 10.2 Overview Various sleep modes and clock gating are provided in order to tailor power consumption to application requirements. This enables the Atmel AVR XMEGA microcontroller to stop unused modules to save power. All sleep modes are available and can be entered from active mode. In active mode, the CPU is executing application code. When the device enters sleep mode, program execution is stopped and interrupts or a reset is used to wake the device again. The application code decides which sleep mode to enter and when. Interrupts from enabled peripherals and all enabled reset sources can restore the microcontroller from sleep to active mode. In addition, power reduction registers provide a method to stop the clock to individual peripherals from software. When this is done, the current state of the peripheral is frozen, and there is no power consumption from that peripheral. This reduces the power consumption in active mode and idle sleep modes and enables much more fine-tuned power management than sleep modes alone. 10.3 Sleep Modes Sleep modes are used to shut down modules and clock domains in the microcontroller in order to save power. XMEGA microcontrollers have five different sleep modes tuned to match the typical functional stages during application execution. A dedicated sleep instruction (SLEEP) is available to enter sleep mode. Interrupts are used to wake the device from sleep, and the available interrupt wake-up sources are dependent on the configured sleep mode. When an enabled interrupt occurs, the device will wake up and execute the interrupt service routine before continuing normal program execution from the first instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If other, higher priority interrupts are pending when the wake-up occurs, their interrupt service routines will be executed according to their priority before the interrupt service routine for the wake-up interrupt is executed. After wake-up, the CPU is halted for four cycles before execution starts. The content of the register file, SRAM and registers are kept during sleep. If a reset occurs during sleep, the device will reset, start up, and execute from the reset vector. 10.3.1 Idle Mode In idle mode the CPU and nonvolatile memory are stopped (note that any ongoing programming will be completed), but all peripherals, including the interrupt controller, and event system are kept running. Any enabled interrupt will wake the device. 10.3.2 Power-down Mode In power-down mode, all clocks, including the real-time counter clock source, are stopped. This allows operation only of asynchronous modules that do not require a running clock. The only interrupts that can wake up the MCU are the twowire interface address match interrupt, and asynchronous port interrupts. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 22 10.3.3 Power-save Mode Power-save mode is identical to power down, with one exception. If the real-time counter (RTC) is enabled, it will keep running during sleep, and the device can also wake up from either an RTC overflow or compare match interrupt. 10.3.4 Standby Mode Standby mode is identical to power down, with the exception that the enabled system clock sources are kept running while the CPU, peripheral, and RTC clocks are stopped. This reduces the wake-up time. 10.3.5 Extended Standby Mode Extended standby mode is identical to power-save mode, with the exception that the enabled system clock sources are kept running while the CPU and peripheral clocks are stopped. This reduces the wake-up time. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 23 11. System Control and Reset 11.1 Features  Reset the microcontroller and set it to initial state when a reset source goes active  Multiple reset sources that cover different situations       Power-on reset External reset Watchdog reset Brownout reset PDI reset Software reset  Asynchronous operation  No running system clock in the device is required for reset  Reset status register for reading the reset source from the application code 11.2 Overview The reset system issues a microcontroller reset and sets the device to its initial state. This is for situations where operation should not start or continue, such as when the microcontroller operates below its power supply rating. If a reset source goes active, the device enters and is kept in reset until all reset sources have released their reset. The I/O pins are immediately tri-stated. The program counter is set to the reset vector location, and all I/O registers are set to their initial values. The SRAM content is kept. However, if the device accesses the SRAM when a reset occurs, the content of the accessed location can not be guaranteed. After reset is released from all reset sources, the default oscillator is started and calibrated before the device starts running from the reset vector address. By default, this is the lowest program memory address, 0, but it is possible to move the reset vector to the lowest address in the boot section. The reset functionality is asynchronous, and so no running system clock is required to reset the device. The software reset feature makes it possible to issue a controlled system reset from the user software. The reset status register has individual status flags for each reset source. It is cleared at power-on reset, and shows which sources have issued a reset since the last power-on. 11.3 Reset Sequence A reset request from any reset source will immediately reset the device and keep it in reset as long as the request is active. When all reset requests are released, the device will go through three stages before the device starts running again:  Reset counter delay  Oscillator startup  Oscillator calibration If another reset requests occurs during this process, the reset sequence will start over again. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 24 11.4 Reset Sources 11.4.1 Power-on Reset A power-on reset (POR) is generated by an on-chip detection circuit. The POR is activated when the VCC rises and reaches the POR threshold voltage (VPOT), and this will start the reset sequence. The POR is also activated to power down the device properly when the VCC falls and drops below the VPOT level. The VPOT level is higher for falling VCC than for rising VCC. Consult the datasheet for POR characteristics data. 11.4.2 Brownout Detection The on-chip brownout detection (BOD) circuit monitors the VCC level during operation by comparing it to a fixed, programmable level that is selected by the BODLEVEL fuses. If disabled, BOD is forced on at the lowest level during chip erase and when the PDI is enabled. 11.4.3 External Reset The external reset circuit is connected to the external RESET pin. The external reset will trigger when the RESET pin is driven below the RESET pin threshold voltage, VRST, for longer than the minimum pulse period, tEXT. The reset will be held as long as the pin is kept low. The RESET pin includes an internal pull-up resistor. 11.4.4 Watchdog Reset The watchdog timer (WDT) is a system function for monitoring correct program operation. If the WDT is not reset from the software within a programmable timeout period, a watchdog reset will be given. The watchdog reset is active for one to two clock cycles of the 2MHz internal oscillator. For more details see “WDT – Watchdog Timer” on page 26. 11.4.5 Software Reset The software reset makes it possible to issue a system reset from software by writing to the software reset bit in the reset control register.The reset will be issued within two CPU clock cycles after writing the bit. It is not possible to execute any instruction from when a software reset is requested until it is issued. 11.4.6 Program and Debug Interface Reset The program and debug interface reset contains a separate reset source that is used to reset the device during external programming and debugging. This reset source is accessible only from external debuggers and programmers. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 25 12. WDT – Watchdog Timer 12.1 Features  Issues a device reset if the timer is not reset before its timeout period  Asynchronous operation from dedicated oscillator  1kHz output of the 32kHz ultra low power oscillator  11 selectable timeout periods, from 8ms to 8s  Two operation modes:   Normal mode Window mode  Configuration lock to prevent unwanted changes 12.2 Overview The watchdog timer (WDT) is a system function for monitoring correct program operation. It makes it possible to recover from error situations such as runaway or deadlocked code. The WDT is a timer, configured to a predefined timeout period, and is constantly running when enabled. If the WDT is not reset within the timeout period, it will issue a microcontroller reset. The WDT is reset by executing the WDR (watchdog timer reset) instruction from the application code. The window mode makes it possible to define a time slot or window inside the total timeout period during which WDT must be reset. If the WDT is reset outside this window, either too early or too late, a system reset will be issued. Compared to the normal mode, this can also catch situations where a code error causes constant WDR execution. The WDT will run in active mode and all sleep modes, if enabled. It is asynchronous, runs from a CPU-independent clock source, and will continue to operate to issue a system reset even if the main clocks fail. The configuration change protection mechanism ensures that the WDT settings cannot be changed by accident. For increased safety, a fuse for locking the WDT settings is also available. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 26 13. Interrupts and Programmable Multilevel Interrupt Controller 13.1 Features  Short and predictable interrupt response time  Separate interrupt configuration and vector address for each interrupt  Programmable multilevel interrupt controller  Interrupt prioritizing according to level and vector address Three selectable interrupt levels for all interrupts: low, medium and high  Selectable, round-robin priority scheme within low-level interrupts  Non-maskable interrupts for critical functions   Interrupt vectors optionally placed in the application section or the boot loader section 13.2 Overview Interrupts signal a change of state in peripherals, and this can be used to alter program execution. Peripherals can have one or more interrupts, and all are individually enabled and configured. When an interrupt is enabled and configured, it will generate an interrupt request when the interrupt condition is present. The programmable multilevel interrupt controller (PMIC) controls the handling and prioritizing of interrupt requests. When an interrupt request is acknowledged by the PMIC, the program counter is set to point to the interrupt vector, and the interrupt handler can be executed. All peripherals can select between three different priority levels for their interrupts: low, medium, and high. Interrupts are prioritized according to their level and their interrupt vector address. Medium-level interrupts will interrupt low-level interrupt handlers. High-level interrupts will interrupt both medium- and low-level interrupt handlers. Within each level, the interrupt priority is decided from the interrupt vector address, where the lowest interrupt vector address has the highest interrupt priority. Low-level interrupts have an optional round-robin scheduling scheme to ensure that all interrupts are serviced within a certain amount of time. Non-maskable interrupts (NMI) are also supported, and can be used for system critical functions. 13.3 Interrupt Vectors The interrupt vector is the sum of the peripheral’s base interrupt address and the offset address for specific interrupts in each peripheral. The base addresses for the Atmel AVR XMEGA D4 devices are shown in Table 13-1 on page 28. Offset addresses for each interrupt available in the peripheral are described for each peripheral in the XMEGA D manual. For peripherals or modules that have only one interrupt, the interrupt vector is shown in Table 13-1 on page 28. The program address is the word address. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 27 Table 13-1. Reset and Interrupt Vectors Program Address (Base Address) Source 0x000 RESET 0x002 OSCF_INT_vect Crystal Oscillator Failure Interrupt vector (NMI) 0x004 PORTC_INT_base Port C Interrupt base 0x008 PORTR_INT_base Port R Interrupt base 0x014 RTC_INT_base Real Time Counter Interrupt base 0x018 TWIC_INT_base Two-Wire Interface on Port C Interrupt base 0x01C TCC0_INT_base Timer/Counter 0 on port C Interrupt base 0x028 TCC1_INT_base Timer/Counter 1 on port C Interrupt base 0x030 SPIC_INT_vect SPI on port C Interrupt vector 0x032 USARTC0_INT_base USART 0 on port C Interrupt base 0x040 NVM_INT_base Non-Volatile Memory Interrupt base 0x044 PORTB_INT_base Port B Interrupt base 0x056 PORTE_INT_base Port E Interrupt base 0x05A TWIE_INT_base Two-Wire Interface on Port E Interrupt base 0x05E TCE0_INT_base Timer/Counter 0 on port E Interrupt base 0x080 PORTD_INT_base Port D Interrupt base 0x084 PORTA_INT_base Port A Interrupt base 0x088 ACA_INT_base Analog Comparator on Port A Interrupt base 0x08E ADCA_INT_base Analog to Digital Converter on Port A Interrupt base 0x09A TCD0_INT_base Timer/Counter 0 on port D Interrupt base 0x0AE SPID_INT_vector SPI on port D Interrupt vector 0x0B0 USARTD0_INT_base USART 0 on port D Interrupt base Interrupt Description XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 28 14. I/O Ports 14.1 Features  34 general purpose input and output pins with individual configuration  Output driver with configurable driver and pull settings:  Totem-pole Wired-AND  Wired-OR  Bus-keeper  Inverted I/O   Input with synchronous and/or asynchronous sensing with interrupts and events  Sense both edges Sense rising edges  Sense falling edges  Sense low level   Optional pull-up and pull-down resistor on input and Wired-OR/AND configurations  Asynchronous pin change sensing that can wake the device from all sleep modes  Two port interrupts with pin masking per I/O port  Efficient and safe access to port pins  Hardware read-modify-write through dedicated toggle/clear/set registers Configuration of multiple pins in a single operation  Mapping of port registers into bit-accessible I/O memory space   Peripheral clocks output on port pin  Real-time counter clock output to port pin  Event channels can be output on port pin  Remapping of digital peripheral pin functions  14.2 Selectable USART, SPI, and timer/counter input/output pin locations Overview One port consists of up to eight port pins: pin 0 to 7. Each port pin can be configured as input or output with configurable driver and pull settings. They also implement synchronous and asynchronous input sensing with interrupts and events for selectable pin change conditions. Asynchronous pin-change sensing means that a pin change can wake the device from all sleep modes, included the modes where no clocks are running. All functions are individual and configurable per pin, but several pins can be configured in a single operation. The pins have hardware read-modify-write (RMW) functionality for safe and correct change of drive value and/or pull resistor configuration. The direction of one port pin can be changed without unintentionally changing the direction of any other pin. The port pin configuration also controls input and output selection of other device functions. It is possible to have both the peripheral clock and the real-time clock output to a port pin, and available for external use. The same applies to events from the event system that can be used to synchronize and control external functions. Other digital peripherals, such as USART, SPI, and timer/counters, can be remapped to selectable pin locations in order to optimize pin-out versus application needs. The notation of the ports are PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, PORTD, PORTE, and PORTR. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 29 14.3 Output Driver All port pins (Pxn) have programmable output configuration. 14.3.1 Push-pull Figure 14-1. I/O Configuration - Totem-pole DIRxn OUTxn Pxn INxn 14.3.2 Pull-down Figure 14-2. I/O Configuration - Totem-pole with Pull-down (on Input) DIRxn OUTxn Pxn INxn 14.3.3 Pull-up Figure 14-3. I/O Configuration - Totem-pole with Pull-up (on Input) DIRxn OUTxn Pxn INxn 14.3.4 Bus-keeper The bus-keeper’s weak output produces the same logical level as the last output level. It acts as a pull-up if the last level was ‘1’, and pull-down if the last level was ‘0’. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 30 Figure 14-4. I/O Configuration - Totem-pole with Bus-keeper DIRxn OUTxn Pxn INxn 14.3.5 Others Figure 14-5. Output Configuration - Wired-OR with Optional Pull-down OUTxn Pxn INxn Figure 14-6. I/O Configuration - Wired-AND with Optional Pull-up INxn Pxn OUTxn 14.4 Input Sensing Input sensing is synchronous or asynchronous depending on the enabled clock for the ports, and the configuration is shown in Figure 14-7. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 31 Figure 14-7. Input Sensing System Overview Asynchronous sensing EDGE DETECT Interrupt Control IRQ Synchronous sensing Pxn Synchronizer INn D Q D R Q EDGE DETECT Synchronous Events R INVERTED I/O Asynchronous Events When a pin is configured with inverted I/O, the pin value is inverted before the input sensing. 14.5 Alternate Port Functions Most port pins have alternate pin functions in addition to being a general purpose I/O pin. When an alternate function is enabled, it might override the normal port pin function or pin value. This happens when other peripherals that require pins are enabled or configured to use pins. If and how a peripheral will override and use pins is described in the section for that peripheral. “Pinout and Pin Functions” on page 49 shows which modules on peripherals that enable alternate functions on a pin, and which alternate functions that are available on a pin. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 32 15. TC0/1 – 16-bit Timer/Counter Type 0 and 1 15.1 Features  Four 16-bit timer/counters   Three timer/counters of type 0 One timer/counter of type 1  32-bit timer/counter support by cascading two timer/counters  Up to four compare or capture (CC) channels   Four CC channels for timer/counters of type 0 Two CC channels for timer/counters of type 1  Double buffered timer period setting  Double buffered capture or compare channels  Waveform generation:  Frequency generation Single-slope pulse width modulation  Dual-slope pulse width modulation   Input capture:  Input capture with noise cancelling Frequency capture  Pulse width capture  32-bit input capture   Timer overflow and error interrupts/events  One compare match or input capture interrupt/event per CC channel  Can be used with event system for:  Quadrature decoding Count and direction control  Capture   High-resolution extension  Increases frequency and waveform resolution by 4x (2-bit) or 8x (3-bit)  Advanced waveform extension:  Low- and high-side output with programmable dead-time insertion (DTI)  Event controlled fault protection for safe disabling of drivers 15.2 Overview Atmel AVR XMEGA devices have a set of four flexible 16-bit Timer/Counters (TC). Their capabilities include accurate program execution timing, frequency and waveform generation, and input capture with time and frequency measurement of digital signals. Two timer/counters can be cascaded to create a 32-bit timer/counter with optional 32-bit capture. A timer/counter consists of a base counter and a set of compare or capture (CC) channels. The base counter can be used to count clock cycles or events. It has direction control and period setting that can be used for timing. The CC channels can be used together with the base counter to do compare match control, frequency generation, and pulse width waveform modulation, as well as various input capture operations. A timer/counter can be configured for either capture or compare functions, but cannot perform both at the same time. A timer/counter can be clocked and timed from the peripheral clock with optional prescaling or from the event system. The event system can also be used for direction control and capture trigger or to synchronize operations. There are two differences between timer/counter type 0 and type 1. Timer/counter 0 has four CC channels, and timer/counter 1 has two CC channels. All information related to CC channels 3 and 4 is valid only for timer/counter 0. Only Timer/Counter 0 has the split mode feature that split it into two 8-bit Timer/Counters with four compare channels each. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 33 Some timer/counters have extensions to enable more specialized waveform and frequency generation. The advanced waveform extension (AWeX) is intended for motor control and other power control applications. It enables low- and highside output with dead-time insertion, as well as fault protection for disabling and shutting down external drivers. It can also generate a synchronized bit pattern across the port pins. The advanced waveform extension can be enabled to provide extra and more advanced features for the Timer/Counter. This are only available for Timer/Counter 0. See “AWeX – Advanced Waveform Extension” on page 36 for more details. The high-resolution (hi-res) extension can be used to increase the waveform output resolution by four or eight times by using an internal clock source running up to four times faster than the peripheral clock. See “Hi-Res – High Resolution Extension” on page 37 for more details. Figure 15-1. Overview of a Timer/Counter and Closely Related Peripherals Timer/Counter Base Counter Prescaler clkPER Timer Period Control Logic Counter Event System clkPER4 Buffer Capture Control Waveform Generation Dead-Time Insertion Pattern Generation Fault Protection PORT Comparator AWeX Hi-Res Compare/Capture Channel D Compare/Capture Channel C Compare/Capture Channel B Compare/Capture Channel A PORTC has one Timer/Counter 0 and one Timer/Counter1. PORTD and PORTE each has one Timer/Conter0. Notation of these are TCC0 (Time/Counter C0), TCC1, TCD0 and TCE0, respectively. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 34 16. TC2 Timer/Counter Type 2 16.1 Features  Six eight-bit timer/counters   Three Low-byte timer/counter Three High-byte timer/counter  Up to eight compare channels in each Timer/Counter 2   Four compare channels for the low-byte timer/counter Four compare channels for the high-byte timer/counter  Waveform generation  Single slope pulse width modulation  Timer underflow interrupts/events  One compare match interrupt/event per compare channel for the low-byte timer/counter  Can be used with the event system for count control 16.2 Overview There are three Timer/Counter 2. These are realized when a Timer/Counter 0 is set in split mode. It is then a system of two eight-bit timer/counters, each with four compare channels. This results in eight configurable pulse width modulation (PWM) channels with individually controlled duty cycles, and is intended for applications that require a high number of PWM channels. The two eight-bit timer/counters in this system are referred to as the low-byte timer/counter and high-byte timer/counter, respectively. The difference between them is that only the low-byte timer/counter can be used to generate compare match interrupts and events. The two eight-bit timer/counters have a shared clock source and separate period and compare settings. They can be clocked and timed from the peripheral clock, with optional prescaling, or from the event system. The counters are always counting down. PORTC, PORTD and PORTE each has one Timer/Counter 2. Notation of these are TCC2 (Time/Counter C2), TCD2 and TCE2, respectively. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 35 17. AWeX – Advanced Waveform Extension 17.1 Features  Waveform output with complementary output from each compare channel  Four dead-time insertion (DTI) units  8-bit resolution Separate high and low side dead-time setting  Double buffered dead time  Optionally halts timer during dead-time insertion   Pattern generation unit creating synchronised bit pattern across the port pins   Double buffered pattern generation Optional distribution of one compare channel output across the port pins  Event controlled fault protection for instant and predictable fault triggering 17.2 Overview The advanced waveform extension (AWeX) provides extra functions to the timer/counter in waveform generation (WG) modes. It is primarily intended for use with different types of motor control and other power control applications. It enables low- and high side output with dead-time insertion and fault protection for disabling and shutting down external drivers. It can also generate a synchronized bit pattern across the port pins. Each of the waveform generator outputs from the timer/counter 0 are split into a complimentary pair of outputs when any AWeX features are enabled. These output pairs go through a dead-time insertion (DTI) unit that generates the noninverted low side (LS) and inverted high side (HS) of the WG output with dead-time insertion between LS and HS switching. The DTI output will override the normal port value according to the port override setting. The pattern generation unit can be used to generate a synchronized bit pattern on the port it is connected to. In addition, the WG output from compare channel A can be distributed to and override all the port pins. When the pattern generator unit is enabled, the DTI unit is bypassed. The fault protection unit is connected to the event system, enabling any event to trigger a fault condition that will disable the AWeX output. The event system ensures predictable and instant fault reaction, and gives flexibility in the selection of fault triggers. The AWeX is available for TCC0. The notation of this is AWEXC. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 36 18. Hi-Res – High Resolution Extension 18.1 Features  Increases waveform generator resolution up to 8x (three bits)  Supports frequency, single-slope PWM, and dual-slope PWM generation  Supports the AWeX when this is used for the same timer/counter 18.2 Overview The high-resolution (hi-res) extension can be used to increase the resolution of the waveform generation output from a timer/counter by four or eight. It can be used for a timer/counter doing frequency, single-slope PWM, or dual-slope PWM generation. It can also be used with the AWeX if this is used for the same timer/counter. The hi-res extension uses the peripheral 4x clock (ClkPER4). The system clock prescalers must be configured so the peripheral 4x clock frequency is four times higher than the peripheral and CPU clock frequency when the hi-res extension is enabled. There is one hi-res extension that can be enabled for each timer/counter on PORTC. The notation of this is HIRESC. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 37 19. RTC – 16-bit Real-Time Counter 19.1 Features  16-bit resolution  Selectable clock source  32.768kHz external crystal External clock  32.768kHz internal oscillator  32kHz internal ULP oscillator   Programmable 10-bit clock prescaling  One compare register  One period register  Clear counter on period overflow  Optional interrupt/event on overflow and compare match 19.2 Overview The 16-bit real-time counter (RTC) is a counter that typically runs continuously, including in low-power sleep modes, to keep track of time. It can wake up the device from sleep modes and/or interrupt the device at regular intervals. The reference clock is typically the 1.024kHz output from a high-accuracy crystal of 32.768kHz, and this is the configuration most optimized for low power consumption. The faster 32.768kHz output can be selected if the RTC needs a resolution higher than 1ms. The RTC can also be clocked from an external clock signal, the 32.768kHz internal oscillator or the 32kHz internal ULP oscillator. The RTC includes a 10-bit programmable prescaler that can scale down the reference clock before it reaches the counter. A wide range of resolutions and time-out periods can be configured. With a 32.768kHz clock source, the maximum resolution is 30.5µs, and time-out periods can range up to 2000 seconds. With a resolution of 1s, the maximum timeout period is more than18 hours (65536 seconds). The RTC can give a compare interrupt and/or event when the counter equals the compare register value, and an overflow interrupt and/or event when it equals the period register value. Figure 19-1. Real-time Counter Overview External Clock TOSC1 TOSC2 32.768kHz Crystal Osc 32.768kHz Int. Osc DIV32 DIV32 32kHz int ULP (DIV32) PER RTCSRC clkRTC 10-bit prescaler = TOP/ Overflow = ”match”/ Compare CNT COMP XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 38 20. TWI – Two-Wire Interface 20.1 Features  Two identical two-wire interface peripherals  Bidirectional, two-wire communication interface Phillips I2C compatible  System Management Bus (SMBus) compatible   Bus master and slave operation supported  Slave operation Single bus master operation  Bus master in multi-master bus environment  Multi-master arbitration   Flexible slave address match functions  7-bit and general call address recognition in hardware 10-bit addressing supported  Address mask register for dual address match or address range masking  Optional software address recognition for unlimited number of addresses   Slave can operate in all sleep modes, including power-down  Slave address match can wake device from all sleep modes  100kHz and 400kHz bus frequency support  Slew-rate limited output drivers  Input filter for bus noise and spike suppression  Support arbitration between start/repeated start and data bit (SMBus)  Slave arbitration allows support for address resolve protocol (ARP) (SMBus) 20.2 Overview The two-wire interface (TWI) is a bidirectional, two-wire communication interface. It is I2C and System Management Bus (SMBus) compatible. The only external hardware needed to implement the bus is one pull-up resistor on each bus line. A device connected to the bus must act as a master or a slave. The master initiates a data transaction by addressing a slave on the bus and telling whether it wants to transmit or receive data. One bus can have many slaves and one or several masters that can take control of the bus. An arbitration process handles priority if more than one master tries to transmit data at the same time. Mechanisms for resolving bus contention are inherent in the protocol. The TWI module supports master and slave functionality. The master and slave functionality are separated from each other, and can be enabled and configured separately. The master module supports multi-master bus operation and arbitration. It contains the baud rate generator. Both 100kHz and 400kHz bus frequency is supported. Quick command and smart mode can be enabled to auto-trigger operations and reduce software complexity. The slave module implements 7-bit address match and general address call recognition in hardware. 10-bit addressing is also supported. A dedicated address mask register can act as a second address match register or as a register for address range masking. The slave continues to operate in all sleep modes, including power-down mode. This enables the slave to wake up the device from all sleep modes on TWI address match. It is possible to disable the address matching to let this be handled in software instead. The TWI module will detect START and STOP conditions, bus collisions, and bus errors. Arbitration lost, errors, collision, and clock hold on the bus are also detected and indicated in separate status flags available in both master and slave modes. It is possible to disable the TWI drivers in the device, and enable a four-wire digital interface for connecting to an external TWI bus driver. This can be used for applications where the device operates from a different VCC voltage than used by the TWI bus. PORTC and PORTE each has one TWI. Notation of these peripherals are TWIC and TWIE. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 39 21. SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface 21.1 Features  Two identical SPI peripherals  Full-duplex, three-wire synchronous data transfer  Master or slave operation  Lsb first or msb first data transfer  Eight programmable bit rates  Interrupt flag at the end of transmission  Write collision flag to indicate data collision  Wake up from idle sleep mode  Double speed master mode 21.2 Overview The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a high-speed synchronous data transfer interface using three or four pins. It allows fast communication between an Atmel AVR XMEGA device and peripheral devices or between several microcontrollers. The SPI supports full-duplex communication. A device connected to the bus must act as a master or slave. The master initiates and controls all data transactions. PORTC and PORTD each has one SPI. Notation of these peripherals are SPIC and SPID. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 40 22. USART 22.1 Features  Two identical USART peripherals  Full-duplex operation  Asynchronous or synchronous operation   Synchronous clock rates up to 1/2 of the device clock frequency Asynchronous clock rates up to 1/8 of the device clock frequency  Supports serial frames with 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 data bits and 1 or 2 stop bits  Fractional baud rate generator   Can generate desired baud rate from any system clock frequency No need for external oscillator with certain frequencies  Built-in error detection and correction schemes  Odd or even parity generation and parity check Data overrun and framing error detection  Noise filtering includes false start bit detection and digital low-pass filter   Separate interrupts for  Transmit complete Transmit data register empty  Receive complete   Multiprocessor communication mode   Addressing scheme to address a specific devices on a multidevice bus Enable unaddressed devices to automatically ignore all frames  Master SPI mode   Double buffered operation Operation up to 1/2 of the peripheral clock frequency  IRCOM module for IrDA compliant pulse modulation/demodulation 22.2 Overview The universal synchronous and asynchronous serial receiver and transmitter (USART) is a fast and flexible serial communication module. The USART supports full-duplex communication and asynchronous and synchronous operation. The USART can be configured to operate in SPI master mode and used for SPI communication. Communication is frame based, and the frame format can be customized to support a wide range of standards. The USART is buffered in both directions, enabling continued data transmission without any delay between frames. Separate interrupts for receive and transmit complete enable fully interrupt driven communication. Frame error and buffer overflow are detected in hardware and indicated with separate status flags. Even or odd parity generation and parity check can also be enabled. The clock generator includes a fractional baud rate generator that is able to generate a wide range of USART baud rates from any system clock frequencies. This removes the need to use an external crystal oscillator with a specific frequency to achieve a required baud rate. It also supports external clock input in synchronous slave operation. When the USART is set in master SPI mode, all USART-specific logic is disabled, leaving the transmit and receive buffers, shift registers, and baud rate generator enabled. Pin control and interrupt generation are identical in both modes. The registers are used in both modes, but their functionality differs for some control settings. An IRCOM module can be enabled for one USART to support IrDA 1.4 physical compliant pulse modulation and demodulation for baud rates up to 115.2kbps. PORTC and PORTD each has one USART. Notation of these peripherals are USARTC0 and USARTD0 respectively. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 41 23. IRCOM – IR Communication Module 23.1 Features  Pulse modulation/demodulation for infrared communication  IrDA compatible for baud rates up to 115.2kbps  Selectable pulse modulation scheme  3/16 of the baud rate period Fixed pulse period, 8-bit programmable  Pulse modulation disabled   Built-in filtering  Can be connected to and used by any USART 23.2 Overview Atmel AVR XMEGA devices contain an infrared communication module (IRCOM) that is IrDA compatible for baud rates up to 115.2Kbps. It can be connected to any USART to enable infrared pulse encoding/decoding for that USART. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 42 24. CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Check Generator 24.1 Features  Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generation and checking for  Communication data Program or data in flash memory  Data in SRAM and I/O memory space   Integrated with flash memory and CPU   Automatic CRC of the complete or a selectable range of the flash memory CPU can load data to the CRC generator through the I/O interface  CRC polynomial software selectable to   CRC-16 (CRC-CCITT) CRC-32 (IEEE 802.3)  Zero remainder detection 24.2 Overview A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error detection technique test algorithm used to find accidental errors in data, and it is commonly used to determine the correctness of a data transmission, and data present in the data and program memories. A CRC takes a data stream or a block of data as input and generates a 16- or 32-bit output that can be appended to the data and used as a checksum. When the same data are later received or read, the device or application repeats the calculation. If the new CRC result does not match the one calculated earlier, the block contains a data error. The application will then detect this and may take a corrective action, such as requesting the data to be sent again or simply not using the incorrect data. Typically, an n-bit CRC applied to a data block of arbitrary length will detect any single error burst not longer than n bits (any single alteration that spans no more than n bits of the data), and will detect the fraction 1-2-n of all longer error bursts. The CRC module in Atmel AVR XMEGA devices supports two commonly used CRC polynomials; CRC-16 (CRCCCITT) and CRC-32 (IEEE 802.3).  CRC-16: Polynomial: Hex value:  x16+x12+x5+1 0x1021 CRC-32: Polynomial: Hex value: x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1 0x04C11DB7 XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 43 25. ADC – 12-bit Analog to Digital Converter 25.1 Features  One Analog to Digital Converters (ADC)  12-bit resolution  Up to 200 thousand samples per second   Down to 3.6µs conversion time with 8-bit resolution Down to 5.0µs conversion time with 12-bit resolution  Differential and single-ended input  Up to 12 single-ended inputs 12x4 differential inputs without gain  12x4 differential input with gain   Built-in differential gain stage  1/2x, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x, and 64x gain options  Single, continuous and scan conversion options  Three internal inputs  Internal temperature sensor AVCC voltage divided by 10  1.1V bandgap voltage   Internal and external reference options  Compare function for accurate monitoring of user defined thresholds  Optional event triggered conversion for accurate timing  Optional interrupt/event on compare result 25.2 Overview The ADC converts analog signals to digital values. The ADC has 12-bit resolution and is capable of converting up to 200 thousand samples per second (ksps). The input selection is flexible, and both single-ended and differential measurements can be done. For differential measurements, an optional gain stage is available to increase the dynamic range. In addition, several internal signal inputs are available. The ADC can provide both signed and unsigned results. The ADC measurements can either be started by application software or an incoming event from another peripheral in the device. The ADC measurements can be started with predictable timing, and without software intervention. Both internal and external reference voltages can be used. An integrated temperature sensor is available for use with the ADC. The AVCC/10 and the bandgap voltage can also be measured by the ADC. The ADC has a compare function for accurate monitoring of user defined thresholds with minimum software intervention required. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 44 Figure 25-1. ADC overview ADC0 • • • ADC11 Compare Register < > VINP Internal signals ADC0 • • • ADC7 Threshold (Int Req) CH0 Result VINN Internal 1.00V Internal AVCC/1.6V Internal AVCC/2 AREFA AREFB Reference Voltage The ADC may be configured for 8- or 12-bit result, reducing the minimum conversion time (propagation delay) from 5.0µs for 12-bit to 3.6µs for 8-bit result. ADC conversion results are provided left- or right adjusted with optional ‘1’ or ‘0’ padding. This eases calculation when the result is represented as a signed integer (signed 16-bit number). Notation of this peripheral is ADCA. The PORTA has ADCA inputs 0..7 and PORTB has ADCA inputs 8..11. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 45 26. AC – Analog Comparator 26.1 Features  Two Analog Comparators (ACs)  Selectable hysteresis  No Small  Large   Analog comparator output available on pin  Flexible input selection  All pins on the port Bandgap reference voltage  A 64-level programmable voltage scaler of the internal AVCC voltage   Interrupt and event generation on:  Rising edge Falling edge  Toggle   Window function interrupt and event generation on:  Signal above window Signal inside window  Signal below window   Constant current source with configurable output pin selection 26.2 Overview The analog comparator (AC) compares the voltage levels on two inputs and gives a digital output based on this comparison. The analog comparator may be configured to generate interrupt requests and/or events upon several different combinations of input change. The important property of the analog comparator’s dynamic behavior is the hysteresis. It can be adjusted in order to achieve the optimal operation for each application. The input selection includes analog port pins, several internal signals, and a 64-level programmable voltage scaler. The analog comparator output state can also be output on a pin for use by external devices. A constant current source can be enabled and output on a selectable pin. This can be used to replace, for example, external resistors used to charge capacitors in capacitive touch sensing applications. The analog comparators are always grouped in pairs on each port. These are called analog comparator 0 (AC0) and analog comparator 1 (AC1). They have identical behavior, but separate control registers. Used as pair, they can be set in window mode to compare a signal to a voltage range instead of a voltage level. PORTA has one AC pair. Notation is ACA. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 46 Figure 26-1. Analog Comparator Overview Pin Input + AC0OUT Pin Input Hysteresis Enable Voltage Scaler ACnMUXCTRL ACnCTRL Interrupt Mode WINCTRL Enable Bandgap Interrupt Sensititivity Control & Window Function Interrupts Events Hysteresis + Pin Input AC1OUT Pin Input The window function is realized by connecting the external inputs of the two analog comparators in a pair as shown in Figure 26-2. Figure 26-2. Analog Comparator Window Function + AC0 Upper limit of window Interrupt sensitivity control Input signal Interrupts Events + AC1 Lower limit of window - XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 47 27. Programming and Debugging 27.1 Features  Programming  External programming through PDI interface  Minimal protocol overhead for fast operation  Built-in error detection and handling for reliable operation  Boot loader support for programming through any communication interface  Debugging       Nonintrusive, real-time, on-chip debug system No software or hardware resources required from device except pin connection Program flow control  Go, Stop, Reset, Step Into, Step Over, Step Out, Run-to-Cursor Unlimited number of user program breakpoints Unlimited number of user data breakpoints, break on:  Data location read, write, or both read and write  Data location content equal or not equal to a value  Data location content is greater or smaller than a value  Data location content is within or outside a range No limitation on device clock frequency  Program and Debug Interface (PDI)  Two-pin interface for external programming and debugging Uses the Reset pin and a dedicated pin  No I/O pins required during programming or debugging  27.2 Overview The Program and Debug Interface (PDI) is an Atmel proprietary interface for external programming and on-chip debugging of a device. The PDI supports fast programming of nonvolatile memory (NVM) spaces; flash, EEPOM, fuses, lock bits, and the user signature row. Debug is supported through an on-chip debug system that offers nonintrusive, real-time debug. It does not require any software or hardware resources except for the device pin connection. Using the Atmel tool chain, it offers complete program flow control and support for an unlimited number of program and complex data breakpoints. Application debug can be done from a C or other high-level language source code level, as well as from an assembler and disassembler level. Programming and debugging can be done through the PDI physical layer. This is a two-pin interface that uses the Reset pin for the clock input (PDI_CLK) and one other dedicated pin for data input and output (PDI_DATA). Any external programmer or on-chip debugger/emulator can be directly connected to this interface. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 48 28. Pinout and Pin Functions The device pinout is shown in ”Pinout/Block Diagram” on page 3. In addition to general purpose I/O functionality, each pin can have several alternate functions. This will depend on which peripheral is enabled and connected to the actual pin. Only one of the pin functions can be used at time. 28.1 Alternate Pin Function Description The tables below show the notation for all pin functions available and describe its function. 28.1.1 Operation/Power Supply VCC Digital supply voltage AVCC Analog supply voltage GND Ground 28.1.2 Port Interrupt functions SYNC Port pin with full synchronous and limited asynchronous interrupt function ASYNC Port pin with full synchronous and full asynchronous interrupt function 28.1.3 Analog Functions ACn Analog Comparator input pin n ACnOUT Analog Comparator n Output ADCn Analog to Digital Converter input pin n AREF Analog reference input pin 28.1.4 Timer/Counter and AWEX Functions OCnxLS Output Compare Channel x Low Side for Timer/Counter n OCnxHS Output Compare Channel x High Side for Timer/Counter n 28.1.5 Communication Functions SCL Serial Clock for TWI SDA Serial Data for TWI XCKn Transfer Clock for USART n RXDn Receiver Data for USART n TXDn Transmitter Data for USART n SS Slave Select for SPI MOSI Master Out Slave In for SPI MISO Master In Slave Out for SPI SCK Serial Clock for SPI XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 49 28.1.6 Oscillators, Clock and Event TOSCn Timer Oscillator pin n XTALn Input/Output for Oscillator pin n CLKOUT Peripheral Clock Output EVOUT Event Channel Output RTCOUT RTC Clock Source Output 28.1.7 Debug/System Functions RESET Reset pin PDI_CLK Program and Debug Interface Clock pin PDI_DATA Program and Debug Interface Data pin XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 50 28.2 Alternate Pin Functions The tables below show the primary/default function for each pin on a port in the first column, the pin number in the second column, and then all alternate pin functions in the remaining columns. The head row shows what peripheral that enable and use the alternate pin functions. For better flexibility, some alternate functions also have selectable pin locations for their functions, this is noted under the first table where this apply. Table 28-1. Port A - Alternate Functions PORT A PIN# ADCA POS/GAINPOS ADCA INTERRUPT NEG ADCA GAINNEG ACAPOS ACANEG GND 38 AVCC 39 PA0 40 SYNC ADC0 ADC0 AC0 AC0 PA1 41 SYNC ADC1 ADC1 AC1 AC1 PA2 42 SYNC/ASYNC ADC2 ADC2 AC2 PA3 43 SYNC ADC3 ADC3 AC3 PA4 44 SYNC ADC4 ADC4 AC4 PA5 1 SYNC ADC5 ADC5 AC5 PA6 2 SYNC ADC6 ADC6 AC6 PA7 3 SYNC ADC7 ADC7 ACAOUT REFA AREF AC3 AC5 AC7 AC0OUT Table 28-2. Port B - Alternate Functions PORT B PIN# INTERRUPT ADCAPOS/GAINPOS REFB PB0 4 SYNC ADC8 AREF PB1 5 SYNC ADC9 PB2 6 SYNC/ASYNC ADC10 PB3 7 SYNC ADC11 XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 51 Table 28-3. Port C - Alternate Functions PORT C PIN# INTERRUPT TCC0(1)(2) AWEXC TCC1 USARTC0(3) SPIC(4) TWIC CLOCKOUT GND 8 VCC 9 PC0 10 SYNC OC0A OC0ALS PC1 11 SYNC OC0B OC0AHS XCK0 PC2 12 SYNC/ASYNC OC0C OC0BLS RXD0 PC3 13 SYNC OC0D OC0BHS TXD0 PC4 14 SYNC OC0CLS OC1A SS PC5 15 SYNC OC0CHS OC1B MOSI PC6 16 SYNC OC0DLS MISO clkRTC PC7 17 SYNC OC0DHS SCK clkPER Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (5) EVENTOUT(6) SDA SCL EVOUT Pin mapping of all TC0 can optionally be moved to high nibble of port If TC0 is configured as TC2 all eight pins can be used for PWM output. Pin mapping of all USART0 can optionally be moved to high nibble of port. Pins MOSI and SCK for all SPI can optionally be swapped. CLKOUT can optionally be moved between port C, D and E and between pin 4 and 7. EVOUT can optionally be moved between port C, D and E and between pin 4 and 7. Table 28-4. Port D - Alternate Functions PORT D PIN # INTERRUPT TCD0 USARTD0 SPID GND 18 VCC 19 PD0 20 SYNC OC0A PD1 21 SYNC OC0B XCK0 PD2 22 SYNC/ASYNC OC0C RXD0 PD3 23 SYNC OC0D TXD0 PD4 24 SYNC SS PD5 25 SYNC MOSI PD6 26 SYNC MISO PD7 27 SYNC SCK CLOCKOUT EVENTOUT clkPER EVOUT Table 28-5. Port E - Alternate Functions PORT E PIN # INTERRUPT TCE0 TWIE PE0 28 SYNC OC0A SDA PE1 29 SYNC OC0B SCL GND 30 XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 52 PORT E PIN # INTERRUPT TCE0 VCC 31 PE2 32 SYNC/ASYNC OC0C PE3 33 SYNC OC0D TWIE Table 28-6. Port F - Alternate Functions PORT R PIN # INTERRUPT PDI XTAL TOSC(1) PDI 34 PDI_DATA RESET 35 PDI_CLOCK PRO 36 SYNC XTAL2 TOSC2 PR1 37 SYNC XTAL1 TOSC1 Note: 1. TOSC pins can optionally be moved to PE2/PE3 XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 53 29. Peripheral Module Address Map The address maps show the base address for each peripheral and module in Atmel AVR XMEGA D4. For complete register description and summary for each peripheral module, refer to the XMEGA D manual. Table 29-1. Peripheral Module Address Map Base address Name Description 0x0000 GPIO General purpose IO registers 0x0010 VPORT0 Virtual Port 0 0x0014 VPORT1 Virtual Port 1 0x0018 VPORT2 Virtual Port 2 0x001C VPORT3 Virtual Port 2 0x0030 CPU CPU 0x0040 CLK Clock control 0x0048 SLEEP Sleep controller 0x0050 OSC Oscillator control 0x0060 DFLLRC32M DFLL for the 32 MHz internal RC oscillator 0x0068 DFLLRC2M DFLL for the 2 MHz RC oscillator 0x0070 PR Power reduction 0x0078 RST Reset controller 0x0080 WDT Watch-dog timer 0x0090 MCU MCU control 0x00A0 PMIC Programmable multilevel interrupt controller 0x00B0 PORTCFG 0x0180 EVSYS Event system 0x00D0 CRC CRC module 0x01C0 NVM Nonvolatile memory (NVM) controller 0x0200 ADCA Analog to digital converter on port A 0x0380 ACA Analog comparator pair on port A 0x0400 RTC Real time counter 0x0480 TWIC Two wire interface on port C 0x04A0 TWIE Two wire interface on port E 0x0600 PORTA Port A 0x0620 PORTB Port B 0x0640 PORTC Port C 0x0660 PORTD Port D Port configuration XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 54 Base address Name Description 0x0680 PORTE Port E 0x07E0 PORTR Port R 0x0800 TCC0 Timer/counter 0 on port C 0x0840 TCC1 Timer/counter 1 on port C 0x0880 AWEXC Advanced waveform extension on port C 0x0890 HIRESC High resolution extension on port C 0x08A0 USARTC0 0x08C0 SPIC 0x08F8 IRCOM 0x0900 TCD0 0x09A0 USARTD0 0x09C0 SPID Serial peripheral interface on port D 0x0A00 TCE0 Timer/counter 0 on port E USART 0 on port C Serial peripheral interface on port C Infrared communication module Timer/counter 0 on port D USART 0 on port D XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 55 30. Instruction Set Summary Mnemonics Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks Arithmetic and Logic Instructions ADD Rd, Rr Add without Carry Rd  Rd + Rr Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 ADC Rd, Rr Add with Carry Rd  Rd + Rr + C Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 ADIW Rd, K Add Immediate to Word Rd  Rd + 1:Rd + K Z,C,N,V,S 2 SUB Rd, Rr Subtract without Carry Rd  Rd - Rr Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 SUBI Rd, K Subtract Immediate Rd  Rd - K Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 SBC Rd, Rr Subtract with Carry Rd  Rd - Rr - C Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 SBCI Rd, K Subtract Immediate with Carry Rd  Rd - K - C Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 SBIW Rd, K Subtract Immediate from Word Rd + 1:Rd  Rd + 1:Rd - K Z,C,N,V,S 2 AND Rd, Rr Logical AND Rd  Rd  Rr Z,N,V,S 1 ANDI Rd, K Logical AND with Immediate Rd  Rd  K Z,N,V,S 1 OR Rd, Rr Logical OR Rd  Rd v Rr Z,N,V,S 1 ORI Rd, K Logical OR with Immediate Rd  Rd v K Z,N,V,S 1 EOR Rd, Rr Exclusive OR Rd  Rd  Rr Z,N,V,S 1 COM Rd One’s Complement Rd  $FF - Rd Z,C,N,V,S 1 NEG Rd Two’s Complement Rd  $00 - Rd Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 SBR Rd,K Set Bit(s) in Register Rd  Rd v K Z,N,V,S 1 CBR Rd,K Clear Bit(s) in Register Rd  Rd  ($FFh - K) Z,N,V,S 1 INC Rd Increment Rd  Rd + 1 Z,N,V,S 1 DEC Rd Decrement Rd  Rd - 1 Z,N,V,S 1 TST Rd Test for Zero or Minus Rd  Rd  Rd Z,N,V,S 1 CLR Rd Clear Register Rd  Rd  Rd Z,N,V,S 1 SER Rd Set Register Rd  $FF None 1 MUL Rd,Rr Multiply Unsigned R1:R0  Rd x Rr (UU) Z,C 2 MULS Rd,Rr Multiply Signed R1:R0  Rd x Rr (SS) Z,C 2 MULSU Rd,Rr Multiply Signed with Unsigned R1:R0  Rd x Rr (SU) Z,C 2 FMUL Rd,Rr Fractional Multiply Unsigned R1:R0  Rd x Rr 100kHz 100 fSCL  100kHz 4.0 fSCL > 100kHz 0.6 fSCL  100kHz 4.7 fSCL > 100kHz 1.3 300ns --------------Cb ns  µs µs ns µs µs Required only for fSCL > 100kHz. Cb = Capacitance of one bus line in pF. fPER = Peripheral clock frequency. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 82 32.2 ATxmega32D4 32.2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed in Table 32-29 under may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Table 32-29. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. -0.3 Max. Units 4 V VCC Power supply voltage IVCC Current into a VCC pin 200 IGND Current out of a Gnd pin 200 VPIN Pin voltage with respect to Gnd and VCC -0.5 VCC+0.5 V IPIN I/O pin sink/source current -25 25 mA TA Storage temperature -65 150 Tj Junction temperature mA °C 150 32.2.2 General Operating Ratings The device must operate within the ratings listed in Table 32-30 in order for all other electrical characteristics and typical characteristics of the device to be valid. Table 32-30. General Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. VCC Power supply voltage 1.60 3.6 AVCC Analog supply voltage 1.60 3.6 TA Temperature range -40 85 Tj Junction temperature -40 105 Units V °C Table 32-31. Operating Voltage and Frequency Symbol ClkCPU Parameter CPU clock frequency Condition Min. Typ. Max. VCC = 1.6V 0 12 VCC = 1.8V 0 12 VCC = 2.7V 0 32 VCC = 3.6V 0 32 Units MHz The maximum CPU clock frequency depends on VCC. As shown in Figure 32-8 the Frequency vs. VCC curve is linear between 1.8V < VCC < 2.7V. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 83 Figure 32-8. Maximum Frequency vs. VCC MHz 32 Safe Operating Area 12 1.6 1.8 2.7 3.6 V XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 84 32.2.3 Current Consumption Table 32-32. Current Consumption for Active Mode and Sleep Modes Symbol Parameter Condition 32kHz, Ext. Clk Active power consumption(1) 1MHz, Ext. Clk 2MHz, Ext. Clk 32MHz, Ext. Clk VCC = 1.8V 40 VCC = 3.0V 80 VCC = 1.8V 200 VCC = 3.0V 410 VCC = 1.8V 350 600 0.75 1.4 7.5 12 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 1.8V 42 VCC = 3.0V 85 VCC = 1.8V 85 225 170 350 2.7 5.5 0.1 1.0 2.0 4.5 T = 105°C 0.1 7.0 WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 25°C 1.4 3.0 3.0 6.0 1.4 10 VCC = 3.0V T = 25°C T = 85°C WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 85°C VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.0V WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 105°C Power-save power consumption(2) Reset power consumption Notes: 1. 2. mA 2.8 1MHz, Ext. Clk µA mA µA RTC from ULP clock, WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 25°C VCC = 1.8V 1.5 VCC = 3.0V 1.5 RTC from 1.024kHz low power 32.768kHz TOSC, T = 25°C VCC = 1.8V 0.6 2.0 VCC = 3.0V 0.7 2.0 RTC from low power 32.768kHz TOSC, T = 25°C VCC = 1.8V 0.8 3.0 VCC = 3.0V 1.0 3.0 VCC = 3.0V 300 Current through RESET pin substracted Units µA VCC = 3.0V 32MHz, Ext. Clk Power-down power consumption Max. 2.0 2MHz, Ext. Clk ICC Typ. VCC = 1.8V 32kHz, Ext. Clk Idle power consumption(1) Min. All Power Reduction Registers set. Maximum limits are based on characterization, and not tested in production. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 85 Table 32-33. Current Consumption for Modules and Peripherals Symbol Parameter Condition(1) Min. Typ. ULP oscillator 0.8 32.768kHz int. oscillator 29 Max. Units 85 2MHz int. oscillator DFLL enabled with 32.768kHz int. osc. as reference 115 245 32MHz int. oscillator PLL DFLL enabled with 32.768kHz int. osc. as reference 410 20x multiplication factor, 32MHz int. osc. DIV4 as reference 290 µA Watchdog timer 1.0 Continuous mode 138 Sampled mode, includes ULP oscillator 1.2 BOD ICC Internal 1.0V reference 175 Temperature sensor 170 1.2 16ksps VREF = Ext ref ADC 75ksps VREF = Ext ref USART 1. 1.0 CURRLIMIT = MEDIUM 0.9 CURRLIMIT = HIGH 0.8 CURRLIMIT = LOW 1.7 mA 200ksps VREF = Ext ref 3.1 Rx and Tx enabled, 9600 BAUD 11 µA 4 mA Flash memory and EEPROM programming Note: CURRLIMIT = LOW All parameters measured as the difference in current consumption between module enabled and disabled. All data at VCC = 3.0V, ClkSYS = 1MHz external clock without prescaling, T = 25°C unless other conditions are given. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 86 32.2.4 Wake-up Time from Sleep Modes Table 32-34. Device Wake-up Time from Sleep Modes with Various System Clock Sources Symbol Parameter Wake-up time from idle, standby, and extended standby mode twakeup Min. Typ. (1) External 2MHz clock 2.0 32.768kHz internal oscillator 120 2MHz internal oscillator 2.0 32MHz internal oscillator 0.2 External 2MHz clock 5.0 32.768kHz internal oscillator 320 2MHz internal oscillator 9.0 32MHz internal oscillator 5.0 Max. Units µs Wake-up time from power-save and power-down mode Note: Condition 1. The wake-up time is the time from the wake-up request is given until the peripheral clock is available on pin, see Figure 32-9. All peripherals and modules start execution from the first clock cycle, expect the CPU that is halted for four clock cycles before program execution starts. Figure 32-9. Wake-up Time Definition Wakeup time Wakeup request Clock output XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 87 32.2.5 I/O Pin Characteristics The I/O pins complies with the JEDEC LVTTL and LVCMOS specification and the high- and low level input and output voltage limits reflect or exceed this specification. Table 32-35. I/O Pin Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units -20 20 mA VCC = 2.4 - 3.6V 0.7*Vcc VCC+0.5 VCC = 1.6 - 2.4V 0.8*VCC VCC+0.5 VCC = 2.4- 3.6V -0.5 0.3*VCC VCC = 1.6 - 2.4V -0.5 0.2*VCC (1) IOH / IOL (2) I/O pin source/sink current VIH High level input voltage VIL Low level input voltage VOH High level output voltage VOL Low level output voltage IIN Input leakage current I/O pin RP Pull/buss keeper resistor Notes: 1. 2. VCC = 3.3V IOH = -4mA 2.6 2.9 VCC = 3.0V IOH = -3mA 2.1 2.7 VCC = 1.8V IOH = -1mA 1.4 1.6 VCC = 3.3V IOL = 8mA 0.4 0.76 VCC = 3.0V IOL = 5mA 0.3 0.64 VCC = 1.8V IOL = 3mA 0.2 0.46 10 M 7 pF 0 VREF -VREF VREF -V VREF-V Fixed offset voltage 200 V LSB Table 32-37. Clock and Timing Symbol ClkADC Parameter ADC clock frequency Condition Min. Maximum is 1/4 of peripheral clock frequency 100 Units 1800 125 Sample rate 300 Current limitation (CURRLIMIT) off CURRLIMIT = LOW fADC Max. kHz Measuring internal signals fClkADC Typ. 300 16 250 ksps Sample rate CURRLIMIT = MEDIUM 150 CURRLIMIT = HIGH 50 Sampling time Configurable in steps of 1/2 ClkADC cycles up to 32 ClkADC cycles 0.28 320 Conversion time (latency) (RES+1)/2 + GAIN RES (Resolution) = 8 or 12, GAIN=0 to 3 4.5 10 Start-up time ADC clock cycles 12 24 ADC settling time After changing reference or input mode 7 7 XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 µs ClkADC cycles 89 Table 32-38. Accuracy Characteristics Symbol RES Condition(2) Parameter Resolution 12-bit resolution Differential mode INL(1) Integral non-linearity Min. Typ. Max. Differential 8 12 12 Single ended signed 7 11 11 Single ended unsigned 8 12 12 16ksps, VREF = 3V 0.5 1 16ksps, all VREF 0.8 2 200ksps, VREF = 3V 0.6 1 1 2 16ksps, VREF = 3.0V 0.5 1 16ksps, all VREF 1.3 2 16ksps, VREF = 3V 0.3 1 16ksps, all VREF 0.5 1 200ksps, VREF = 3V 0.35 1 200ksps, all VREF 0.5 1 16ksps, VREF = 3.0V 0.6 1 16ksps, all VREF 0.6 1 200ksps, all VREF Single ended unsigned mode Differential mode DNL(1) Differential non-linearity Single ended unsigned mode Offset Error Gain Error Gain Error Differential mode Differential mode Single ended unsigned mode 1. 2. Bits lsb 8 mV Temperature drift 0.01 mV/K Operating voltage drift 0.25 mV/V External reference -5 AVCC/1.6 -5 AVCC/2.0 -6 Bandgap ±10 Temperature drift 0.02 mV/K Operating voltage drift 2 mV/V External reference -8 AVCC/1.6 -8 AVCC/2.0 -8 Bandgap ±10 Temperature drift 0.03 mV/K 2 mV/V mV mV Operating voltage drift Notes: Units Maximum numbers are based on characterisation and not tested in production, and valid for 5% to 95% input voltage range. Unless otherwise noted all linearity, offset and gain error numbers are valid under the condition that external VREF is used. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 90 Table 32-39. Gain Stage Characteristics Rin Input resistance Switched in normal mode 4.0 k Csample Input capacitance Switched in normal mode 4.4 pF Signal range Gain stage output Propagation delay ADC conversion rate 1/2 Clock rate Same as ADC 100 0 1 0.5x gain, normal mode -1 1x gain, normal mode -1 8x gain, normal mode -1 64x gain, normal mode 10 0.5x gain, normal mode 10 1x gain, normal mode 5 8x gain, normal mode -20 64x gain, normal mode -150 AVCC- 0.6 V 3 ClkADC cycles 1800 kHz Gain error Offset error, output referred % mV 32.2.7 Analog Comparator Characteristics Table 32-40. Analog Comparator Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units Voff Input offset voltage VCC=1.6V - 3.6V 100kHz V CC – 0.4V ---------------------------3mA fSCL  100kHz 4.0 fSCL > 100kHz 0.6 fSCL  100kHz 4.7 fSCL > 100kHz 1.3 fSCL  100kHz 4.0 fSCL > 100kHz 0.6 fSCL  100kHz 4.7 fSCL > 100kHz 0.6 fSCL  100kHz 0 3.45 fSCL > 100kHz 0 0.9 fSCL  100kHz 250 fSCL > 100kHz 100 fSCL  100kHz 4.0 fSCL > 100kHz 0.6 fSCL  100kHz 4.7 fSCL > 100kHz 1.3 300ns --------------Cb ns  µs µs ns µs µs Required only for fSCL > 100kHz. Cb = Capacitance of one bus line in pF. fPER = Peripheral clock frequency. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 101 32.3 ATxmega64D4 32.3.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed in Table 32-57 under may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Table 32-57. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. -0.3 Max. Units 4 V VCC Power supply voltage IVCC Current into a VCC pin 200 IGND Current out of a Gnd pin 200 VPIN Pin voltage with respect to Gnd and VCC -0.5 VCC+0.5 V IPIN I/O pin sink/source current -25 25 mA TA Storage temperature -65 150 Tj Junction temperature mA °C 150 32.3.2 General Operating Ratings The device must operate within the ratings listed in Table 32-58 in order for all other electrical characteristics and typical characteristics of the device to be valid. Table 32-58. General Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. VCC Power supply voltage 1.60 3.6 AVCC Analog supply voltage 1.60 3.6 TA Temperature range -40 85 Tj Junction temperature -40 105 Units V °C Table 32-59. Operating Voltage and Frequency Symbol ClkCPU Parameter CPU clock frequency Condition Min. Typ. Max. VCC = 1.6V 0 12 VCC = 1.8V 0 12 VCC = 2.7V 0 32 VCC = 3.6V 0 32 Units MHz XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 102 The maximum CPU clock frequency depends on VCC. As shown in Figure 32-15 the Frequency vs. VCC curve is linear between 1.8V < VCC < 2.7V. Figure 32-15.Maximum Frequency vs. VCC MHz 32 Safe Operating Area 12 1.6 1.8 2.7 3.6 V XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 103 32.3.3 Current Consumption Table 32-60. Current Consumption for Active Mode and Sleep Modes Symbol Parameter Condition 32kHz, Ext. Clk Active power consumption(1) 1MHz, Ext. Clk 2MHz, Ext. Clk 32MHz, Ext. Clk VCC = 1.8V 68 VCC = 3.0V 145 VCC = 1.8V 260 VCC = 3.0V 540 VCC = 1.8V 460 600 0.96 1.4 9.8 12 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 1.8V 62 VCC = 3.0V 118 VCC = 1.8V 125 225 240 350 3.8 5.5 0.1 1.0 1.2 4.5 T = 105°C 0.1 6.0 WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 25°C 1.3 3.0 2.4 6.0 1.3 8.0 VCC = 3.0V T = 25°C T = 85°C WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 85°C VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.0V WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 105°C Power-save power consumption(2) Reset power consumption Notes: 1. 2. mA 3.9 1MHz, Ext. Clk µA mA µA RTC from ULP clock, WDT and sampled BOD enabled, T = 25°C VCC = 1.8V 1.2 VCC = 3.0V 1.3 RTC from 1.024kHz low power 32.768kHz TOSC, T = 25°C VCC = 1.8V 0.6 2 VCC = 3.0V 0.7 2 RTC from low power 32.768kHz TOSC, T = 25°C VCC = 1.8V 0.8 3 VCC = 3.0V 1.0 3 VCC = 3.0V 320 Current through RESET pin substracted Units µA VCC = 3.0V 32MHz, Ext. Clk Power-down power consumption Max. 2.4 2MHz, Ext. Clk ICC Typ. VCC = 1.8V 32kHz, Ext. Clk Idle power consumption(1) Min. All Power Reduction Registers set. Maximum limits are based on characterization, and not tested in production. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 104 Table 32-61. Current Consumption for Modules and Peripherals Symbol Parameter Condition(1) Min. Typ. ULP oscillator 1.0 32.768kHz int. oscillator 27 Max. Units 85 2MHz int. oscillator DFLL enabled with 32.768kHz int. osc. as reference 115 270 32MHz int. oscillator PLL DFLL enabled with 32.768kHz int. osc. as reference 460 20x multiplication factor, 32MHz int. osc. DIV4 as reference 220 µA Watchdog Timer 1.0 Continuous mode 138 Sampled mode, includes ULP oscillator 1.2 BOD ICC Internal 1.0V reference 100 Temperature sensor 95 3.0 ADC AC 150ksps VREF = Ext ref CURRLIMIT = LOW 2.6 CURRLIMIT = MEDIUM 2.1 CURRLIMIT = HIGH 1.6 mA High Speed Mode Timer/Counter USART 16 Rx and Tx enabled, 9600 BAUD Flash memory and EEPROM programming Note: 1. 330 µA 2.5 4 8 mA All parameters measured as the difference in current consumption between module enabled and disabled. All data at VCC = 3.0V, ClkSYS = 1MHz external clock without prescaling, T = 25°C unless other conditions are given. XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 105 32.3.4 Wake-up Time from Sleep Modes Table 32-62. Device Wake-up Time from Sleep Modes with Various System Clock Sources Symbol Parameter Wake-up time from Idle, Standby, and Extended Standby mode twakeup Min. Typ.(1) External 2MHz clock 2.0 32.768kHz internal oscillator 120 2MHz internal oscillator 2.0 32MHz internal oscillator 0.2 External 2MHz clock 4.5 32.768kHz internal oscillator 320 2MHz internal oscillator 9.0 32MHz internal oscillator 5.0 Max. Units µs Wake-up time from Power-save and Power-down mode Note: Condition 1. The wake-up time is the time from the wake-up request is given until the peripheral clock is available on pin, see Figure 32-16. All peripherals and modules start execution from the first clock cycle, expect the CPU that is halted for four clock cycles before program execution starts. Figure 32-16.Wake-up Time Definition Wakeup time Wakeup request Clock output XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 106 32.3.5 I/O Pin Characteristics The I/O pins complies with the JEDEC LVTTL and LVCMOS specification and the high- and low level input and output voltage limits reflect or exceed this specification. Table 32-63. I/O Pin Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units -15 15 mA VCC = 2.7 - 3.6V 2 VCC+0.3 V VCC = 2.0 - 2.7V 0.7*VCC VCC+0.3 VCC = 1.6 - 2.0V 0.7*VCC VCC+0.3 VCC = 2.7- 3.6V -0.3 0.3*VCC VCC = 2.0 - 2.7V -0.3 0.3*VCC VCC = 1.6 - 2.0V -0.3 0.3*VCC (1) IOH / IOL(2) I/O pin source/sink current VIH High level input voltage VIL Low level input voltage VOH High level output voltage VOL Low level output voltage IIN Input leakage current RP Pull/Buss keeper resistor tr Notes: Rise time 1. 2. VCC = 3.0 - 3.6V IOH = -2mA 2.4 0.94*VCC VCC = 3.3V IOH = -4mA 2.6 2.9 VCC = 3.0V IOH = -3mA 2.1 2.6 VCC = 1.8V IOH = -1mA 1.4 1.6 VCC = 3.0 - 3.6V IOL = 2mA 0.05*VCC 0.4 VCC = 3.3V IOL = 8mA 0.4 0.76 VCC = 3.0V IOL = 5mA 0.3 0.64 VCC = 1.8V IOL = 3mA 0.2 0.46 10 M CAREF Reference input capacitance Static load 7.0 pF VIN Input range Conversion range Differential mode, Vinp - Vinn VIN Conversion range Single ended unsigned mode, Vinp ∆V Fixed offset voltage -0.1 AVCC+0.1 -VREF VREF -V VREF-V 190 V LSB Table 32-65. Clock and Timing Symbol ClkADC fClkADC Parameter ADC clock frequency Condition Min. Maximum is 1/4 of Peripheral clock frequency 100 Measuring internal signals 100 Typ. Units 1400 kHz 125 Sample rate 200 Current limitation (CURRLIMIT) off CURRLIMIT = LOW fADC Max. 200 14 150 ksps Sample rate CURRLIMIT = MEDIUM 100 CURRLIMIT = HIGH 50 Sampling time 1/2 ClkADC cycle 0.25 5 µs Conversion time (latency) (RES+2)/2+GAIN RES = 8 or 12, GAIN = 0, 1, 2 or 3 7 10 ClkADC cycles Start-up time ADC clock cycles 12 24 After changing reference or input mode 7 7 After ADC flush 1 1 5 ADC settling time XMEGA D4 [DATASHEET] Atmel-8135S-AVR-ATxmega16D4-32D4-64D4-128D4-Datasheet–09/2016 ClkADC cycles 108 Table 32-66. Accuracy Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition(2) RES Resolution Programmable to 8 or 12 bit Min. Typ. Max. Units 8 12 12 Bits VCC-1.0V < VREF< VCC-0.6V ±1.2 ±3 All VREF ±1.5 ±4 VCC-1.0V < VREF< VCC-0.6V ±1.0 ±3 All VREF ±1.5 ±4 guaranteed monotonic