DM182017-1

Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2012, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 9781620764145 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFIED BY DNV == ISO/TS 16949 == DS41646A-page 2 Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Object of Declaration: Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 3 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS41646A-page 4  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1. Overview 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit Contents ..................... 13 1.3 Getting Started ............................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2. Getting Started 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Hardware Requirements .............................................................................. 15 2.3 Software Requirements ................................................................................ 15 2.4 Demo Setup ................................................................................................. 15 2.5 Demo Operation ........................................................................................... 16 2.6 Embedded Security Development Board Hardware Self-Check .................. 19 Chapter 3. PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Hardware Description ................................................................................... 21 3.3 Printed Circuit Board Description ................................................................. 21 3.4 PCB Antenna Description ............................................................................. 22 Chapter 4. SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Hardware Description ................................................................................... 25 Chapter 5. Embedded Security Development Board 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 27 5.2 Hardware Description ................................................................................... 28 Chapter 6. Developing with the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 31 6.2 Developing with a Key Fob as Transmitter .................................................. 31 6.3 Developing with the Embedded Security Development Board as Receiver . 32 Appendix A. PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob Schematics Appendix B. SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board Schematics Appendix C. Embedded Security Development Board Schematics Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 50  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 5 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS41646A-page 6  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Preface NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site (www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available. Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is “DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the document. For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE online help. Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available online help files. INTRODUCTION This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide. Items discussed in this chapter include: • • • • • • • • Document Layout Conventions Used in this Guide Warranty Registration Recommended Reading The Microchip Web Site Development Systems Customer Change Notification Service Customer Support Revision History DOCUMENT LAYOUT This document describes how to use the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit (WSRCDK) to evaluate and experiment with Microchip KEELOQ® Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) solutions. The main layout is as follows: • Chapter 1. “Overview” – This chapter describes the WSRCDK and how it works. • Chapter 2. “Getting Started” – This chapter describes the procedures to demonstrate Microchip KEELOQ RKE solution on WSRCDK. • Chapter 3. “PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob” – This chapter provides the hardware details of the wireless key fob. • Chapter 4. “SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board” – This chapter provides the hardware details of the Receiver PICtail Daughter Board. • Chapter 5. “Embedded Security Development Board” – This chapter provides the hardware details of the Embedded Security Development Board.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 7 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide • Chapter 6. “Developing with the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit” – This chapter provides suggestions on the development based on Microchip RKE solution. • Appendix A. “PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob Schematics” – This appendix provides the PCB layout, BOM and schematics. • Appendix B. “SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board Schematics” – This appendix provides the PCB layout, BOM and schematics. • Appendix C. “Embedded Security Development Board Schematics” – This appendix provides the PCB layout, BOM and schematics. CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE This manual uses the following documentation conventions: DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS Description Arial font: Italic characters Represents Referenced books Emphasized text A window A dialog A menu selection A field name in a window or dialog A menu path MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide ...is the only compiler... the Output window the Settings dialog select Enable Programmer “Save project before build” A dialog button A tab A number in verilog format, where N is the total number of digits, R is the radix and n is a digit. A key on the keyboard Click OK Click the Power tab 4‘b0010, 2‘hF1 Italic Courier New Sample source code Filenames File paths Keywords Command-line options Bit values Constants A variable argument Square brackets [ ] Optional arguments Curly brackets and pipe character: { | } Ellipses... Choice of mutually exclusive arguments; an OR selection Replaces repeated text #define START autoexec.bat c:\mcc18\h _asm, _endasm, static -Opa+, -Opa0, 1 0xFF, ‘A’ file.o, where file can be any valid filename mcc18 [options] file [options] errorlevel {0|1} Initial caps Quotes Underlined, italic text with right angle bracket Bold characters N‘Rnnnn Text in angle brackets < > Courier New font: Plain Courier New Represents code supplied by user DS41646A-page 8 Examples File>Save Press , var_name [, var_name...] void main (void) { ... }  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Preface WARRANTY REGISTRATION Please complete the enclosed Warranty Registration Card and mail it promptly. Sending in the Warranty Registration Card entitles users to receive new product updates. Interim software releases are available at the Microchip web site. RECOMMENDED READING This user’s guide describes how to use the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide. Other useful documents are listed below. The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference resources. Readme Files For the latest information on using other tools, read the tool-specific Readme files in the Readme subdirectory of the MPLAB® IDE installation directory. The Readme files contain update information and known issues that may not be included in this user’s guide. Application Notes There are several application notes available from Microchip that help in understanding Microchip KEELOQ applications. These include: • • • • • AN1259 “KEELOQ® Microcontroller-based Code Hopping Encoder” AN1265 “KEELOQ® with AES Microcontroller-based Code Hopping Encoder” AN743 “Modular PIC® Mid-Range MCU Code Hopping Decoder” AN745 “Modular Mid-Range PIC® Decoder in C” AN1275 “KEELOQ® with AES Receiver/Decoder”  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 9 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: • Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software • General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing • Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest. To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer Change Notification and follow the registration instructions. The Development Systems product group categories are: • Compilers – The latest information on Microchip C compilers, assemblers, linkers and other language tools. These include all MPLAB C compilers; all MPLAB assemblers (including MPASM™ assembler); all MPLAB linkers (including MPLINK™ object linker); and all MPLAB librarians (including MPLIB™ object librarian). • Emulators – The latest information on Microchip in-circuit emulators.This includes the MPLAB REAL ICE™ and MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulators. • In-Circuit Debuggers – The latest information on the Microchip in-circuit debuggers. This includes MPLAB ICD 3 in-circuit debuggers and PICkit™ 3 debug express. • MPLAB® IDE – The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE, the Windows® Integrated Development Environment for development systems tools. This list is focused on the MPLAB IDE, MPLAB IDE Project Manager, MPLAB Editor and MPLAB SIM simulator, as well as general editing and debugging features. • Programmers – The latest information on Microchip programmers. These include production programmers such as MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator, MPLAB ICD 3 in-circuit debugger and MPLAB PM3 device programmers. Also included are nonproduction development programmers such as PICSTART® Plus and PICkit 2 and 3. DS41646A-page 10  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Preface CUSTOMER SUPPORT Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: • • • • Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://www.microchip.com/support. REVISION HISTORY Revision A (July 2012) • Initial Release of this Document.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 11 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS41646A-page 12  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 1. Overview 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit is a demonstration and development platform for wireless security remote control applications. The kit demos two security protocols, KEELOQ® Classic and KEELOQ® AES. The kit contains a four-button key fob transmitter based on the PIC12LF1840T39A, SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board, and the Embedded Security Development Board. The kits can be purchased in one of three transmit frequencies. See the next section for ordering part numbers. • Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit Contents • Getting Started 1.2 WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT CONTENTS The Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kits have three frequency choices: • Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit – 433.92 MHz (DM182017-1) • Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit – 868 MHz (DM182017-2) • Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit – 915 MHz (DM182017-3) Each kit contains: • PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob (Chapter 3. “PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob”, Appendix A) • SX1239 Receiver PICtail Daughter Board (Chapter 4. “SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board”, Appendix B) • Embedded Security Development Board (Chapter 5. “Embedded Security Development Board”, Appendix C) • USB Cable • CR2032 Coin Cell Battery 1.3 GETTING STARTED Chapter 2. “Getting Started” provides a getting started tutorial to familiarize users with the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 13 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS41646A-page 14  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 2. Getting Started 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a getting started tutorial to familiarize users with the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit. The following topics are discussed in this chapter: • • • • 2.2 Hardware Requirements Software Requirements Demo Setup Demo Operation HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The following hardware is required to run the pre-programmed demo application: • • • • 2.3 PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board Embedded Security Development Board USB A to Mini-B Cable (to power the Embedded Security Development Board or power can also be provided by a bench power supply) SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS The PIC12LF1840T39A Key Fob and Embedded Security Development Board are pre-programmed with a remote control demo program. The demo setup and operation are explained in the following sections. The source code for the demo is available from the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit product web page at http://www.microchip.com/security. 2.4 DEMO SETUP This section describes how to set up the kit contents to operate the remote control demo program. 1. Obtain a CR2032 coin battery (if not included in the development kit) 2. Open the plastic enclosure of the red key fob by carefully prying apart the two halves. Remove the PCB board from the plastic enclosure carefully. Observe the correct battery polarity and insert the CR2032 coin battery into the battery holder. Put the PCB board back in the plastic enclosure and close the enclosure. 3. To verify that the key fob is properly installed, press any button and the LED should be flashing when the button is pressed. 4. Plug in the RF receiver daughter board on the PICtail slot of the Embedded Security Development Board. Make sure that the RF receiver daughter board has the side with RF receiver chip face the center, as shown in Figure 2-1.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 15 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide FIGURE 2-1: PLUG THE SX1239 RECEIVER PICtail™ DAUGHTER CARD INTO THE EMBEDDED SECURITY DEVELOPMENT BOARD 5. Power-up the Embedded Security Development Board. To power the Embedded Security Development Board from the USB port, connect the USB A to mini-B cable to the development board and an available USB port or USB power source. Set jumper J6 to pins 1-2. When using a USB port for power, there is no requirement to load the USB drivers. To power the Embedded Security Development Board from an external power supply, connect test points labeled +VEXT and GND to a bench power supply set to 3.3 VDC. Place jumper J6 to pins 2-3. 2.5 DEMO OPERATION The pre-programmed demo is used to demonstrate the basic operation of Microchip Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) solutions. The demo highlights capabilities of transmitting and receiving data that is secured over the air. Two different methods, KEELOQ® Classic and KEELOQ® AES, are used in this demo. 2.5.1 Key Fob as Transmitter The pre-programmed demonstration shows how to secure information during data transmission. Pressing any one of four buttons on the red key fob, the information about the pressed button will be encrypted and transmitted. When data is being transmitted, the LED on the key fob will flash. Two ways to secure the information have been shown in this demo: KEELOQ Classic and KEELOQ AES. When button 1 or 2 (see Figure 2-2) is pressed, the information is secured with KEELOQ Classic before the transmission; when button 3 or 4 (see Figure 2-2) is pressed, the information is secured with KEELOQ AES before the transmission. For details on KEELOQ Classic and KEELOQ AES, please refer to Microchip application notes AN1259, “KEELOQ® Microcontroller-Based Code Hopping Encoder” and AN1265 “KEELOQ® with AES Microcontroller-Based Code Hopping Encoder”. The key fob has four push buttons and is powered by a CR2032 coin battery. The key fob is shown in Figure 2-2, where the four buttons are labeled individually. DS41646A-page 16  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Getting Started FIGURE 2-2: KEY FOB WITH FOUR PUSH BUTTONS TopButton 3 2.5.2 LeftButton 1 RightButton 4 LED BottomButton 2 Embedded Security Development Board as Receiver When the SX1239 Receiver PICtail Daughter Board receives a secured packet, the content of the packet is acquired by the target application microcontroller. Based on the length of the received packet, the target application microcontroller decides the cipher (KEELOQ Classic or KEELOQ AES) that is used to secure the data. The decryption process reveals the plain text, and the authentication process verifies whether the plain text is valid information. 2.5.2.1 KEELOQ CLASSIC For KEELOQ Classic, only a message from a known transmitter can be accepted by the receiver. If a packet is received from an unknown transmitter, the message “KLQ Transmitter Not Learned” will be displayed on the LCD, as shown in Figure 2-3. FIGURE 2-3: ERROR MESSAGE OF RECEIVING PACKET FROM UNKNOWN TRANSMITTER To learn a transmitter, the receiver initiates the learning process by pressing button SW4. The learning procedure will be started and the message “Learn mode active” will be displayed on the LCD, as shown in Figure 2-4. FIGURE 2-4:  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. START LEARN MODE DS41646A-page 17 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide In the event no KEELOQ Classic packet from an unknown transmitter is received within 18 seconds, the KEELOQ Classic learn mode will time out and display the message “Learn mode timeout” on the LCD, as shown in Figure 2-5. FIGURE 2-5: LEARN MODE TIMEOUT The known transmitters and their latest counters are stored in the Nonvolatile Memory (NVM) space of the microcontroller. When all slots in the NVM space for transmitters are taken, the learning process will fail. Pressing and holding button SW3 for a few seconds will erase all transmitter records from the NVM, and then the display message “Memory Erased” on the LCD, as shown in Figure 2-6. FIGURE 2-6: ERASE TRANSMITTER RECORDS FROM MEMORY When a KEELOQ Classic packet is received from a known transmitter, the contents of the packet is displayed on the LCD, as shown in Figure 2-7. The following information from the KEELOQ Classic packet are available: • Encoder: KLQ that represents KEELOQ Classic • Serial number of the transmitter: 28-bit serial number (according to Figure 2-7) in this transmission • Counter: 16-bit number (according to Figure 2-7) in this transmission • Function Code: A bitmap of the pressed buttons (it will be 3 if both KLQ buttons are pressed), depending on the button pressed on the key fob FIGURE 2-7: DS41646A-page 18 KEELOQ PACKET INFORMATION  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Getting Started 2.5.2.2 KEELOQ AES For KEELOQ AES, there is no requirement that a transmitter must be known to the receiver before a packet can be accepted, so there is no learning process for a packet that is encoded with KEELOQ AES cipher. When a KEELOQ AES packet is received, the contents of the packet is displayed on the LCD, as shown in Figure 2-8. The following information from the KEELOQ AES packet are available: • Encoder: AES that represents KEELOQ AES • Serial number of the transmitter: 32-bit serial number (according to Figure 2-8) in this transmission • Counter: 32-bit counter (according to Figure 2-8) in this transmission • Function Code: A bitmap of pressed buttons, depending on the button pressed on the key fob FIGURE 2-8: 2.6 EMBEDDED SECURITY DEVELOPMENT BOARD HARDWARE SELF-CHECK A hardware self-check can be performed to ensure the hardware integrity of the Embedded Security Development Board. The instruction of the hardware self-check is displayed on the LCD. The test result is either checked by firmware and display on the LCD, or verified by user observation. To initiate the hardware self-check, press and hold push button SW1 before powering up the Embedded Security Development Board. SW1 can then be released when “HDW Self Tests” is displayed on the LCD screen. Four individual hardware self-tests will then be performed one by one. 2.6.0.1 BUTTON TESTS “Button Test” will be displayed on the first line of the LCD display. Test instructions of pressing individual buttons will be displayed on the second line of the LCD display. Once a required push button is pressed, the test instruction message will be changed for the next push button. Once all push buttons have been tested, SW1 needs to be pressed to move forward to the LED test. 2.6.0.2 LED TESTS There are two sets, ten LEDs, which can be controlled by the host and target application microcontroller separately. When LED tests start, the message “LEDs Flashing” will be displayed on the first line of the LCD display. During the tests, two sets of LEDs will be flashing separately, while LEDs from the same set should be flashing together. The user should observe that all LEDs are turned on and off with flashing intervals of roughly one second. Once the user has verified the LED test, SW1 needs to be pressed to move forward to the RTCC test.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 19 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide 2.6.0.3 RTCC TEST When RTCC tests are initiated, the LCD display will show the clock and calendar. If no coin battery for RTCC has been installed, the time displayed will be close to the reset time of January 1, 2012. On the other hand, if a coin battery for RTCC is installed, the time displayed will be based on whatever is previously set, plus the time that has been passed. Observe that the clock is advancing. Once the RTCC test is done, SW1 needs to be pressed to move forward to the SPI test. 2.6.0.4 SPI TEST The SPI test in hardware self-check is performed to the SPI bus that connects the target application microcontroller and the SX1239 Receiver PICtail Daughter Board. Therefore, the SX1239 Receiver PICtail Daughter Board must have been plugged in before this test starts. Once the SPI test starts, the target application microcontroller requests specific information from the SX1239 receiver through the SPI bus. If the expected response is received, then the “Successful” status will be displayed; otherwise, the “Fail” status will be displayed. Note: DS41646A-page 20 If a PICtail daughter board other than the SX1239 Receiver PICtail Daughter Board is plugged into the PICtail connector, even though the SPI bus may still work, the SPI test might show failure status. The reason is due to the expected values to be received from the SX1239.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 3. PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob 3.1 INTRODUCTION The PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob is a demonstration and development platform for wireless security remote control applications. This section gives a detailed description of the key fob. 3.2 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION Figure 3-1 shows the key fob. The enclosure is an off-the-shelf key fob enclosure from Polycase (http://www.polycase.com/). The enclosure houses a two-sided Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The schematic, PCB layout, and Bill of Materials are listed in Appendix A. “PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob Schematics”. FIGURE 3-1: PIC12LF1840T39A WIRELESS REMOTE KEY FOB TopButton 3 3.3 LeftButton 1 RightButton 4 LED BottomButton 2 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION The key fob PCB is a two-layer, plated through hole, 0.031 inches (0.7874 millimeters) thick, FR4 material. Figure 3-2 shows the top layer of the PCB. All components, except the LED, are on the top layer. A PCB antenna is employed in the design for reduced cost and compactness. The PCB antenna is explained in more detail below. P1 is the ICSP™ programming port. See Chapter 6. “Developing with the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit” for suggestions on developing and programming the key fob.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 21 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide FIGURE 3-2: PCB TOP LAYER PHOTO Figure 3-3 shows the bottom layer of the PCB. The bottom layer shows the PCB loop antenna and the PCB traces for the conductive push buttons from the plastic enclosure. FIGURE 3-3: 3.4 PCB BOTTOM LAYER PHOTO PCB ANTENNA DESCRIPTION The PCB antenna is a combination of top and bottom PCB layer traces, as shown in Figure 3-4. The feed point from the transmitter is on the right side of the figure. It is a top layer trace shown in red. It taps into the PCB loop antenna on the bottom layer shown in blue. The antenna loops to the left side of the PCB and is terminated to ground by a capacitor. The PCB antenna is an “electrically small loop antenna.” That is, the wavelength of the antenna is very much less than the one-quarter wavelength that antennas are normally designed to. This type of antenna has an extremely high quality factor (Q). Therefore, it is very susceptible to parasitic impedances and very challenging to impedance match to the transmitter. DS41646A-page 22  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob Figure 3-4 is a design suggestion. The designer is cautioned that even though this design can be copied, the final product will require tuning. There are many factors that determine the performance of a PCB antenna: thickness of the copper layer, thickness of the PCB material, choice of the PCB material (e.g., FR4), and choice of the passive components used in the impedance matching circuit. The PCB antenna dimensions are not critical. Once the design has been tuned, what is important is the consistency of the manufacture. FIGURE 3-4: PCB ANTENNA DIMENSIONS Figure 3-5 shows the simulated three-dimensional plot of the radiation patter from the antenna. Figure 3-6 shows the two-dimensional plots. FIGURE 3-5:  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. PCB ANTENNA 3D RADIATION PATTERN (SIMULATED) DS41646A-page 23 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide FIGURE 3-6: PCB ANTENNA 2D RADIATION PATTERN (SIMULATED)  DS41646A-page 24  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 4. SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board 4.1 INTRODUCTION The SX1239 PICtail™ Receiver Daughter Board is a demonstration and development platform for wireless security remote control applications. This section gives a detailed description of the receiver daughter board. 4.2 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION Figure 4-1 shows the SX1239 Receiver PICtail Daughter Board. The schematic, PCB layout, and Bill of Materials are listed in Appendix B. “SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board Schematics”. FIGURE 4-1: SX1239 PICtail™ DAUGHTER BOARD Wire Antenna SlideSwitch S1 28PinPICtail Connector  The daughter board features the Semtech SX1239 Low-Power Integrated UHF Receiver (http://www.semtech.com/wireless-rf/rf-receivers/sx1239/). The PICtail daughter board can plug into the 28-pin PICtail connector featured on many Microchip Technology development tools. The antenna connection has a pin socket for plugging a wire antenna. This demonstrates a simple and low-cost antenna option. The length of the antenna should be approximately ¼ wavelength of the frequency of interest.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 25 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide The antenna pin socket can be removed by heating it with a soldering iron and cleaning the connection. An SMA or reverse polarity SMA (RP-SMA) connector can be soldered in place on the PCB. A whip or sleeve dipole antenna can then be used. DS41646A-page 26  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 5. Embedded Security Development Board 5.1 INTRODUCTION The Embedded Security Development Board provides a demonstration and development environment for security and authentication products. This section gives a detailed description of the development board. The layout of the Embedded Security Development Board is shown in Figure 5-1. FIGURE 5-1: EMBEDDED SECURITY DEVELOPMENT BOARD 10 11 2 1 4 3 5 7 6 9 8 The following main blocks are defined on the Embedded Security Development Board: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Target Application microcontroller U4 Host microcontroller U1 Serial Accessory Port P20 USB Interface Port J3 PICtail™ Connector J1 16x2 character LCD display Real-Time Clock and Calendar (RTCC) module U5 Push Buttons LEDs Voltage Regulator ICSP™ Programming Ports, J4 for Host; J5 for Target Application  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 27 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide 5.2 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 5.2.1 Serial Communications Connections The Embedded Security Development Board is divided into two halves. The left side is the host controller half. The right side is the target application half. The two halves are connected by three wires labeled TP1, TP2, and TP3. Table 5-1 lists the respective microcontroller I/O port connections. TABLE 5-1: SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS CONNECTIONS Host Controller PIC16LF1947 (Slave) Test Points Target Application PIC16LF1398 (Master) RF5 TP1 RB7/ICSPDAT RB2 TP2 RB6/ICSPCLK RF4 TP3 RE3/MCLR/VPP The host controller half is controlled by a PIC16LF1947 microcontroller. The PIC16LF1947 microcontroller communicates with a 16x2 character LCD display (LCD1), an MCP2200 USB to UART communications IC (U2), an MCP795W10 SPI Real-Time Clock Calendar IC (U5), four push button switches (SW5-SW8), and seven LEDs (D8-D14). The PIC16LF1947 microcontroller can be programmed/debugged via the ICSP™ header, J4. The host controller half schematic is shown in Appendix C as Figure C-2. The target application half has a PIC16LF1398 microcontroller. The PIC16LF1398 microcontroller communicates with the 28-pin PICtail connector (J1), Serial Accessory Port (P20), four push button switches (SW1-SW4), and four LEDs (D4-D7). The PIC16LF1398 microcontroller can be programmed/debugged via the ICSP header, J5. The target application half schematic is shown in Appendix C as Figure C-3. 5.2.2 Serial Accessory Port (P20) The Serial Accessory Port provides a simple serial interface for the external modules. These modules may be either external sensor or accessory board. The partial list of Microchip boards with SAP capabilities includes the following: • LCD Serial Accessary Board • RS232 Serial Accessary Board For more information about the existing accessory boards, visit http://www.microchip.com or refer to the “RS-232 Serial Accessory Board User’s Guide” (DS70649). The following interfaces are supported by the Serial Accessory Port: • • • 3 or 4 wire SPI I2C™ USART The on-board switch “S1” selects these interfaces. Jumpers J7 and J8 pull-up resistors when I2C is selected and the pull-up resistors are not available on the daughter board. Software modifications are expected to use those interfaces when pins are assigned different functionalities. For more information on the port pin assignment, see the schematic in Appendix C. 5.2.3 USB Interface Port Microchip MCP2200 provides USB to UART support. MCP2200 provides automatic conversion between UART and full-speed USB 2.0 communication. At the same time, the USB interface port can be used to power the Embedded Security Development Board directly. For more information, please refer to the Microchip MCP2200 data sheet. DS41646A-page 28  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Embedded Security Development Board 5.2.4 PICtail Port The PICtail port is a 28-pin interface port that supports Microchip’s RF-based daughter cards. The PICtail port provides the following interfaces to the daughter cards: • • • • Power Supply SPI interface Interrupt request lines Other digital/analog I/O lines Note: The user must be careful about the PICtail port pins that share different functions of the board. The user needs to check the schematics before assigning functions for any port pin. There are many Microchip accessory daughter cards, which have PICtail port connectivity. When not used as one of the components in the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit, the Embedded Security Development Board can be connected with any daughter board with PICtail port, and perform different functionalities. Refer to the Microchip web site http://www.microchip.com for accessory daughter boards with PICtail port. 5.2.5 LCD Display The Embedded Security Development Board supports 16x2 character LCD display with backlight. The LCD is controlled by the host microcontroller through the SPI port. For details about the LCD display, refer to the data sheet of NHD-C0216CZ-FSW-FBW-3V3 by Newhaven Display (http://www.newhavendisplay.com). 5.2.6 Real-Time Clock and Calendar (RTCC) Module The Embedded Security Development Board RTCC module can be used to set and track clock and calendar precisely. The RTCC functionality is achieved with the Microchip MCP795W10. The RTCC module is controlled by the host microcontroller through the SPI interface. The RTCC module can be powered either by the 3.3V power from the Embedded Security Development Board, or by a separate coin battery when external power is not available. For details on operating this RTCC module, refer to the data sheet of the MCP795W10 at http://www.microchip.com/MCP795W10. 5.2.7 Push Buttons The Embedded Security Development Board has two sets of push buttons. Each set consists of four individual push buttons and serves as input to the host and target application microcontrollers. The four push buttons for the target application microcontroller are read as a single analog input. Depending on the different ratios of pull-up and pull-down resister values, the input analog voltages to the master microcontroller are different. Therefore, through the ADC on the target application microcontroller, the button that is pressed can be identified. Such design is used to save I/O pin requirement for the target application microcontroller. The details of the push buttons design can be found in the schematics in Appendix C. The four push buttons for the host microcontroller are four separate digital inputs to the slave microcontroller, due to the abundant I/O pin availability for the slave microcontroller. All buttons are assigned to the individual interrupt lines of the microcontroller and are not driven by external pull-up circuitry to save power consumption. The user software must enable the PORTB pull-ups of the microcontroller before evaluating the button state.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 29 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide The MCLR push button is connected to the RE3/MCLR pin of the target application microcontroller. The RE3/MCLR pin of the target application microcontroller is also one of the SPI lines that control the host microcontroller. When the target application and host microcontrollers are interconnected, the RE3/MCLR pin of target application microcontroller is configured to be a normal digital I/O pin; therefore, the MCLR push button is ineffective. Otherwise, if an SPI intercommunication is not required between the target application and host microcontroller, the pin can be configured as RESET and the MCLR button can be used. 5.2.8 LEDs There are two sets of LEDs that are controlled by the target application and host microcontrollers, respectively. The target application MCU controls a set of four LEDs through the digital output pins. The host MCU controls a set of six LEDs through digital output pins. The two sets of LEDs may be useful in the demo or debugging process. Two LEDs (D15, D16) on the left half are used to identify the TX and RX operation of MCP2200. They cannot be controlled by the target application or host microcontroller. Similarly, LED D2 indicates the power availability. This LED cannot be controlled either by the target application or the host microcontroller. 5.2.9 Power Supply The Embedded Security Development Board can be powered by one of the following two sources: • USB port • External 3.3V power source through GND and +VEXT connectors Jumper J6 is used to choose the power source. When the left side, pins 1-2 of J6, are closed, USB power is selected; when the right side, pins 2-3 of J6, are closed, external power source is selected. When the USB port is used to power the board, the input voltage is stabilized by Microchip MCP1703, 250 mA, 3.3V and low quiescent current LDO regulator U3. 5.2.10 ICSP™ Programming/Debugging Ports There are two ICSP™ programming/debugging ports on the Embedded Security Development Board. The ICSP port J4 on the left is used to program the host microcontroller. The ICSP port J5 on the right is used to program the target application microcontroller. Figure 5-2 shows the ICSP ports. FIGURE 5-2: Slave ICSP™ port ICSP™ PROGRAMMING/DEBUGGING PORTS   Master ICSP™ port  DS41646A-page 30  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Chapter 6. Developing with the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit 6.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides some suggestions regarding the development of an RKE solution on the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit. General design considerations are provided on both the transmitter and receiver side. 6.2 DEVELOPING WITH A KEY FOB AS TRANSMITTER To modify the hex code in the key fob, the developer needs to open the red plastic enclosure. The ICSP™ port is available on the key fob PCB as six contact areas. To program the PIC12LF1840T39A on the PCB, the developer needs to perform the following steps: • Remove the PCB board from the plastic enclosure and lay the PCB board on a nonconductive surface. • Align the six ICSP pins to the contact areas on the PCB. Push the ICSP pins to the contact areas and avoid any movement during programming. Figure 6-1 shows how to program the key fob. • When testing the key fob transmission when the plastic enclosure is open, avoid touching any PCB area with your finger. Note: For simplicity, all key fobs in the demo share the same serial number. FIGURE 6-1: PROGRAMMING THE KEY FOB As a secured RKE system, KEELOQ security keys, especially the manufacturer key is essential to the security of the whole system. It is highly recommended to use code-protect of the PIC® MCU memory.  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 31 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide The Microchip RKE demo uses PWM, driven by interrupt, in data whitening procedure. The transmission data rate over the air that can be achieved is tightly related to the operation speed of the microcontroller. Higher data rate requires faster processing speed. Higher transmission data rate may reduce the total active time for each transmission; however, higher microcontroller processing speed generally has more current consumption. The real application may need compromise between higher data rate and faster processing speed to get the optimal battery life. 6.3 DEVELOPING WITH THE EMBEDDED SECURITY DEVELOPMENT BOARD AS RECEIVER The Embedded Security Development Board acts as a receiver in the Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit. The target application microcontroller on the right side of the development board is the driving host for the receiver. All data receiving and KEELOQ security functionalities are performed by the target application microcontroller. On the other hand, the host microcontroller is mainly used to drive the LCD display in this demo. If the developer decides to develop the application on the target application microcontroller only, intercommunication between the target application and host microcontrollers can be ignored. The prototyping area under the four push buttons for target application controller can be used to prototype the application. Same as the transmitter, when continuous mode is used to receive data, the data rate is tightly associated with the processing speed of the microcontroller. Unlike the transmitter, which is usually powered by battery, the receiving side usually is powered by mains power, and power consumption is of less concern. It is possible to run the microcontroller faster to compensate higher data rate. On the other hand, if the developer decides to use the host microcontroller too, then the intercommunication between the two microcontrollers may need attention. The host microcontroller is an SPI slave, and thus requires faster response to the SPI command. Generally speaking, if no SPI delay is applied by the target application controller side, the operation speed of the host microcontroller needs to be double that of the target application microcontroller. DS41646A-page 32  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Appendix A. PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob Schematics FIGURE A-1: KEY FOB PCB ASSEMBLY – TOP SILKSCREEN FIGURE A-2: KEY FOB PCB ASSEMBLY – TOP COPPER  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 33 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide DS41646A-page 34 FIGURE A-3: KEY FOB PCB ASSEMBLY – BOTTOM COPPER FIGURE A-4: KEY FOB PCB ASSEMBLY – BOTTOM SILKSCREEN  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob Schematics FIGURE A-5: KEY FOB SCHEMATIC ICSP™  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41646A-page 35 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide TABLE A-1: 315 MHz Common Qty KEY FOB BOM Designator Value Description Manufacturer Part Number Manufacturer 1 BT1 Holder Coin Cell 20MM SMD 1 @BT1 Battery Lithium Coin 3V Panasonic – BSG 20mm CR2032 2 C6, C7 0.1 µF Capacitor, Ceramic, Murata Electronics 16V, +/-10%, X7R, SMT North America 0402 GRM155R71C104KA88D 1 DS1 Red Diode, Light Emitting OSRAM LS Q976-NR-1-0-20-R18 1 R6 470 Ω Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-07470RL 1 R3 10K Ω Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-0710KL 1 R4 100 Ω Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-07100RL 2 R1, R5 47 kΩ Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-0747KL 1 U1 Microcontroller with UHF Transmitter Microchip Technology PIC12LF1840T39A-I/SS 1 enclosure Enclosure, Key Fob, 4-button, Clear Red Polycase FB-20-4*9 1 C1 1 pF Capacitor, Ceramic, ±5%, SMT 0402 Murata Electronics North America GRM1555C1H1R0CA01D 1 L5 120 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata SMT 0402 LQG15HSR12J02D 1 C4 1000 pF Capacitor, Ceramic, Murata Electronics GRM155R71H102KA01D 1 1 C5 C3 1 nF 0Ω Capacitor, Ceramic, Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Murata Electronics Yageo GRM1555C1H102JA01D RC0402JR-070RL 1 L4 39 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics SMT 0402 North America LQG15HS39NJ02D 1 L3 2.2 pF Capacitor, Ceramic, ±5%, SMT 0402 GRM1555C1H2R2CZ01D 1 C2 DNP Do not populate — — 1 L2 DNP Do not populate — — 1 L1 0Ω Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-070RL 1 X1 24 MHz CRYSTAL 24.000 MHz Abracon Corporation ABM8G-24.000MHZ-18-D2 DS41646A-page 36 Memory Protection Devices BK-912 Murata Electronics North America  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12LF1840T39A Wireless Remote Key Fob Schematics 915 MHz 868 MHz 433.92 MHz TABLE A-1: KEY FOB BOM (CONTINUED) 1 1 C5 C3 9.1 pF 5.6 pF Capacitor, Ceramic, Capacitor, Ceramic, 50V, ±0.1 pF, UHI-Q NP0, SMT 0402 Johanson Technology 500R07S9R1CV4T Johanson Technology 500R07S5R6CV4T Inc 1 L4 0Ω Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-070RL 1 L3 0Ω Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-070RL 1 C2 3 pF Capacitor, Ceramic, 50V, ±0.1 pF, UHI-Q NP0, SMT 0402 Johanson Technology 500R07S3R0BV4T Inc 1 L2 1 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Johanson Technology L-07C1N0SV6T SMT 0402 Inc 1 L1 47 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Panasonic – ECG SMT 0402 ELJ-RF47NGFB 1 X1 26 MHz CRYSTAL 26.000 MHz Abracon Corporation ABM8G-26.000MHZ-18-D2 1 1 C5 C3 100 pF DNP Capacitor, Ceramic, Do not populate Murata Electronics — GRM1555C1H101JZ01D — 1 L4 DNP Do not populate 1 L3 27 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics SMT 0402 North America LQG15HS27NJ02D 1 C2 1.8 pF Capacitor, Ceramic, ±5%, SMT 0402 Murata Electronics North America GRM1555C1H1R8CZ01D 1 L2 0Ω Resistor, 5%, ±100 ppm/C, SMT 0402 Yageo RC0402JR-070RL 1 L1 27 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics SMT 0402 North America — LQG15HS27NJ02D 1 X1 26 MHz CRYSTAL 26.000 MHz 1 1 C5 C3 4.7 nH 4.7 pF Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics Capacitor, Ceramic, Murata Electronics ±5%, SMT 0402 North America LQG15HS4N7S02D GRM1555C1H4R7CZ01D 1 L4 1.8 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics SMT 0402 North America LQP15MN1N8B02D 1 L3 2.7 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics SMT 0402 North America LQG15HS2N7S02D 1 C2 2.7 pF Capacitor, Ceramic, ±5%, SMT 0402 GRM1555C1H2R7CZ01D 1 L2 1.8 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics SMT 0402 North America LQP15MN1N8B02D 1 L1 15 nH Inductor, Ceramic, ±5%, Murata Electronics SMT 0402 North America LQP15MN15NG02D 1 X1 26 MHz CRYSTAL 26.000 MHz ABM8G-26.000MHZ-18-D2  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. Abracon Corporation — Murata Electronics North America Abracon Corporation ABM8G-26.000MHZ-18-D2 DS41646A-page 37 Wireless Security Remote Control Development Kit User’s Guide NOTES: DS41646A-page 38  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. WIRELESS SECURITY REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT KIT USER’S GUIDE Appendix B. SX1239 Receiver PICtail™ Daughter Board Schematics FIGURE B-1:  2012 Microchip Technology Inc. SX1239 RECEIVER PICtail™ PCB ASSEMBLY DS41646A-page 39 DS41646A-page 40 & S)  & —) & S) 6&. 026, 166 5(6(7