HV9961NG-G

HV9961 LED Driver with Average-Current Mode Constant-Current Control Features General Description • • • • • • The HV9961 is an Average-Current mode constant-current control LED driver IC operating in a constant Off-time mode. Unlike the HV9910B, this control IC does not produce a peak-to-average error. This greatly improves accuracy as well as the line and load regulations of the LED current without any need for loop compensation or high-side current sensing. Its output LED current accuracy is ±3%. Fast Average Current Control Programmable Constant Off-time Switching Linear Dimming Input PWM Dimming Input Output Short-circuit Protection with Skip Mode –40°C to +125°C Ambient Operating Temperature • Pin-compatible with HV9910B The IC is equipped with a current limit comparator for Hiccup mode output short-circuit protection. Applications • • • • • • The HV9961 can be powered from an 8V–450V supply. It has a PWM dimming input that accepts an external control TTL-compatible signal. In addition, the output current can be programmed by an internal 275 mV reference or controlled externally through a 0V–1.5V linear dimming input. DC/DC or AC/DC LED Driver Applications LED Backlight Driver for LCD Displays General Purpose Constant-current Source LED Signage and Displays Architectural and Decorative LED Lighting LED Street Lighting The HV9961 is pin-to-pin compatible with HV9910B, and it can be used as a drop-in replacement for many applications to improve LED current accuracy and regulation. Package Types 16-lead SOIC (Top view) 8-lead SOIC (Top view) VIN 1 16 NC NC 2 15 NC NC 3 14 RT CS 4 13 LD VIN 1 8 RT GND 5 CS 2 7 LD NC 6 11 NC 6 VDD NC 7 10 NC GND 3 GATE 4 5 PWMD GATE 8 12 VDD 9 PWMD See Table 2-1 for pin information.  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries DS20005588B-page 1 HV9961 Functional Block Diagram Regulator VIN VDD UVLO POR 0.15/0.20V MIN (VLD • 0.185, 0.275V) LD GATE Auto-REF CS Average Current Control Logic L/E Blanking IN OUT PWMD R Q GND 0.44V S Q Hiccup CLK TOFF Timer HV9961 400µs i Current Mirror RT Typical Application Circuit LED Load 8V–450V 1 VIN 5 PWMD GATE 4 HV9961 6 VDD CS 2 7 LD RT 8 RT DS20005588B-page 2 GND 3 RCS Sets LED Current  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Absolute Maximum Ratings† VIN to GND ............................................................................................................................................ –0.5V to +470V VDD to GND ............................................................................................................................................................ +12V CS, LD, PWMD, Gate, RT to GND.................................................................................................... –0.3V to VDD+0.3V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +25°C): 8-lead SOIC ............................................................................................................................................ 650 mW 16-lead SOIC ........................................................................................................................................ 1000 mW † Notice: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not intended. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: TA = 25°C, VIN = 12V, VLD = VDD, and VPWMD = VDD unless otherwise specified. Parameter Sym. Min. Typ. Max. Unit Input DC Supply Voltage Range VINDC 8 — 450 V Shutdown Mode Supply Current IINSD — 0.5 1 mA VDD 7.25 7.5 7.75 V Line Regulation of VDD ΔVDD, line 0 — 1 V Load Regulation of VDD ΔVDD, load 0 — 100 mV Conditions INPUT DC input voltage (Note 1 and Note 2) Pin PWMD connected to GND (Note 2) INTERNAL REGULATOR Internally Regulated Voltage VIN = 8V, IDD(EXT) = 0 mA, 500 pF at gate, RT = 226 kΩ VIN = 8V–450V, IDD(EXT) = 0 mA, 500 pF at gate, RT = 226 kΩ IDD(EXT) = 0 mA–1 mA, 500 pF at gate, RT = 226 kΩ VDD Undervoltage Lockout Upper Threshold VDD Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis VUVLO 6.45 6.7 6.95 V ∆VUVLO — 500 — mV VIN falling Maximum Input Current (Limited by UVLO) IIN, MAX 3.5 1.5 — — — — mA VIN = 8V, TA = 25°C (Note 3) VIN = 8V, TA = 125°C (Note 3) — 2.2 50 — — 100 0.8 — 150 V V kΩ VIN = 8V–450V (Note 2) VIN = 8V–450V (Note 2) VPWMD = 5V mV — VLD = 1.5V VLD = 1.2V Offset = VCS– AV(LD) x VLD, VLD = 1.2V PWM DIMMING PWMD Input Low Voltage VPWMD(LO) PWMD Input High Voltage VPWMD(HI) PWMD Pull-down Resistance RPWMD AVERAGE-CURRENT SENSE LOGIC Current Sense Reference Voltage VCST LD-to-CS Voltage Ratio AV(LD) LD-to-CS Voltage Offset AV x VLD(OFFSET) 264 275 286 0.178 0.185 0.188 –15 — 15 mV VIN rising (Note 2) CS Threshold Temperature — — 5 mV (Note 2) ΔVCST(TEMP) Regulation Note 1: Also limited by package power dissipation limit, whichever is lower 2: Denotes specifications which apply over the full operating ambient temperature range of –40°C < TA < +125°C 3: Specification is obtained by characterization and is not 100% tested.  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries DS20005588B-page 3 HV9961 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Electrical Specifications: TA = 25°C, VIN = 12V, VLD = VDD, and VPWMD = VDD unless otherwise specified. Parameter LD Input Shutdown Threshold Voltage LD Input Enable Threshold Voltage Current Sense Blanking Interval Minimum On-time Maximum Steady-state Duty Cycle SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION Hiccup Threshold Voltage Current Limit Delay CS-to-Gate Short-circuit Hiccup Time Minimum On-time (Short-circuit) TOFF TIMER Off-time Sym. Min. Typ. Max. Unit VLD(OFF) — 150 — mV VLD falling VLD(EN) TBLANK TON(MIN) — 150 — 200 — — — 340 1000 mV ns ns DMAX 75 — — % VLD rising (Note 2) VCS = VCST + 30 mV Reduction in output LED current may occur beyond this duty cycle VCSH TDELAY THICCUP 410 — 350 — 440 — 400 — 470 185 550 430 mV ns μs ns 32 8 40 10 48 12 μs TON(MIN),SC TOFF Conditions VCS = VCSH + 30 mV VCS = VDD RT = 1 MΩ RT = 226 kΩ GATE DRIVER 0.165 — — A VGATE = 0V, VDD = 7.5V Gate Sourcing Current ISOURCE 0.165 — — A VGATE = VDD, VDD = 7.5V Gate Sinking Current ISINK Gate Output Rise Time tr — 30 50 ns CGATE = 500 pF, VDD = 7.5V — 30 50 ns CGATE = 500 pF, VDD = 7.5V Gate Output Fall Time tf Note 1: Also limited by package power dissipation limit, whichever is lower 2: Denotes specifications which apply over the full operating ambient temperature range of –40°C < TA < +125°C 3: Specification is obtained by characterization and is not 100% tested. TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Sym. Min. Typ. Max. Unit TA –40 — +125 °C Junction Temperature TJ –40 — +150 °C Storage Temperature TS –65 — +150 °C 8-lead SOIC JA — 101 — °C/W 16-lead SOIC JA — 83 — °C/W Conditions TEMPERATURE RANGES Operating Ambient Temperature PACKAGE THERMAL RESISTANCE DS20005588B-page 4  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTION The details on the pins of HV9961 are listed on Table 2-1. Refer to Package Types for the location of pins. TABLE 2-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE Pin Number 8-lead SOIC 16-lead SOIC Pin Name Description This pin is the input of an 8V–450V linear regulator. This pin is the current sense pin used to sense the FET current with an external sense resistor. Ground return for all internal circuitry. This pin must be electrically connected to the ground of the power train. This pin is the output of gate driver for driving an external N-channel power MOSFET. This is the PWM dimming input of the IC. When this pin is pulled to GND, the gate driver is turned off. When the pin is pulled high, the gate driver operates normally. This is the power supply pin for all internal circuits. It must be bypassed with a low ESR capacitor to GND (at least 0.1 μF). This pin is the linear dimming input, and it sets the current sense threshold as long as the voltage at this pin is less than 1.5V. If voltage at LD falls below 150 mV, the gate output is disabled. The gate signal recovers at 200 mV at LD. A resistor connected between this pin and GND programs the gate off-time. 1 1 VIN 2 4 CS 3 5 GND 4 8 Gate 5 9 PWMD 6 12 VDD 7 13 LD 8 14 RT — 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16 NC  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries No connection. DS20005588B-page 5 HV9961 3.0 APPLICATION INFORMATION 3.1 General Description 3.3 Average-Current Control Feedback and Output Short-circuit Protection Peak current control (as in HV9910B) is the simplest and the most economical way to regulate a buck converter's output current. However, it suffers accuracy and regulation problems that arise from peak-to-average current error, contributed by the current ripple in the output inductor and the propagation delay in the current sense comparator. The full inductor current signal is unavailable for direct switch current sensing across the sense resistor at the ground path in this low-side switch buck converter when the control switch is at the ground potential because the switch is turned off. While it is very simple to detect the peak current in the switch, controlling the average inductor current is usually implemented by level translating the sense signal from +VIN. Although this is practical for a relatively low-input voltage, VIN, this type of average-current control may become excessively complex and expensive in the offline AC or other high-voltage DC applications. The current through the switching Metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-effect Transistor (MOSFET) source is averaged and used to give constant-current feedback. This current is detected with a sense resistor at the CS pin. The feedback operates in a fast Open-loop mode. No compensation is required. Output current is programmed as seen in Equation 3-2. The HV9961 uses a proprietary control scheme that allows fast and accurate control of the average current in the buck inductor by sensing the switch current only. No compensation of the current control loop is required. The output LED current’s response to PWMD input is similar to that of the HV9910B. The effect of inductor current ripple amplitude on this control scheme is insignificant. Therefore, the LED current is independent of the variation in inductance, switching frequency or output voltage. Constant off-time control of the buck converter is used for stability and improving the LED current regulation over a wide range of input voltages. Unlike HV9910B, the HV9961 does not support Constant Frequency mode. V LD  0.185 I LED = ----------------------------R CS 3.2 Off Timer The timing resistor connected between RT and GND determines the off-time of the gate driver. Wiring this resistor between RT and Gate as with HV9910B is no longer supported. Refer to Equation 3-1 for the computation of the gate output’s off-time. EQUATION 3-1: RT  k   - + 0.3 T OFF   s  = -----------------25 within the range of 30 kΩ ≤ RT ≤ 1 MΩ EQUATION 3-2: I LED = 0.275V ----------------R CS When the voltage at the LD input VLD ≥ 1.5V If the voltage at the LD input is less than 1.5V, the output current is computed as specified in Equation 3-3. EQUATION 3-3: When the voltage at the LD input 0.2V ≤ VLD < 1.5V The above equations are only valid for continuous conduction of the output inductor. It is good design practice to choose the inductance of the inductor such that the peak-to-peak inductor current is 30% to 40% of the average DC full-load current. Hence, the recommended inductance can be calculated as shown in Equation 3-4. EQUATION 3-4: V O  MAX   T OFF L O = ---------------------------------------0.4  I O The duty-cycle range of the current control feedback is limited to D ≤ 0.75. A reduction in the LED current may occur when the desired LED string voltage VO is greater than 75% of the input voltage VIN of the HV9961 LED driver. Reducing the targeted output LED string voltage VO below VO(MIN) = VIN x DMIN, where DMIN = 1 µs/(TOFF +1 µs), may also result in the loss of regulation of the LED current. This condition, however, causes an increase in the LED current and can potentially trip the short-circuit protection comparator. The typical output characteristic of the HV9961 LED driver is shown in Figure 3-1. The corresponding HV9910B characteristic is given for the comparison. DS20005588B-page 6  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 LD Response Characteristics 2XWSXW&KDUDFWHULVWLFV 0.40 0.60 0.35 VIN = 170VDC 0.30 0.50 LED Current (A) LED Current (A) 0.55 0.45 0.40 HV9961 0.35 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.30 0.05 HV9910B 0.25 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 60 0 0.2 0.4 Output Voltage (V) 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 LD (V) FIGURE 3-1: Typical Output Characteristic of an HV9961 LED Driver. FIGURE 3-3: Typical Linear Dimming Response of an HV9961 LED Driver. The short-circuit protection comparator trips when the voltage at CS exceeds 0.44V. When this occurs, the short-circuit gate off-time THICCUP = 400 µs is generated to prevent the staircasing of the inductor current and, potentially, its saturation due to insufficient output voltage. The typical short-circuit inductor current is shown in the waveform of Figure 3-2. The linear dimming input could also be used for “mixed-mode” dimming to expand the dimming ratio. In such case, a pulse-width modulated signal with an amplitude below 1.5V should be applied to LD. 0.44V/RCS 400µs 3.5 Input Voltage Regulator The HV9961 can be powered directly from an 8 VDC–450 VDC supply through its VIN input. When this voltage is applied at the VIN pin, the HV9961 maintains a constant 7.5V level at VDD. This voltage can be used to power the IC and external circuitry connected to VDD within the rated maximum current or within the thermal ratings of the package, whichever limit is lower. The VDD pin must be bypassed by a low ESR capacitor to provide a low-impedance path for the high-frequency current of the gate output. The HV9961 can also be powered through the VDD pin directly with a voltage greater than the internally regulated 7.5V, but less than 12V. A leading-edge blanking delay is provided at CS to prevent false triggering of the current feedback and the short-circuit protection. Despite the instantaneous voltage rating of 450V, continuous voltage at VIN is limited by the power dissipation in the package. For example, when HV9961 draws IIN = 2.5 mA from the VIN input, and the 8-pin SOIC package is used, the maximum continuous voltage at VIN is limited to the value shown in Equation 3-5. 3.4 EQUATION 3-5: FIGURE 3-2: Current. Short-circuit Inductor Linear Dimming When the voltage at LD falls below 1.5V, the internal 275 mV reference to the constant-current feedback becomes overridden by VLD x 0.185. As long as the current in the inductor remains continuous, the LED current is given by Equation 3-3. However, when VLD falls below 150 mV, the gate output becomes disabled. The gate signal recovers when VLD exceeds 200 mV. It is required in some applications to use the same brightness control signal input to shut off the lamp. The typical linear dimming response is shown in Figure 3-3.  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries T J  MAX  – T A V IN  MAX  = ------------------------------R  JA  I IN = 396V Where: Ambient temperature: TA = 25°C Maximum working junction temperature: TJ(MAX) = 125°C Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance: Rθ,JA = 101°C/W DS20005588B-page 7 HV9961 In such cases, when it is needed to operate the HV9961 from a higher voltage, a resistor or a Zener diode can be added in series with the VIN input to divert some of the power loss from the HV9961. In the above example, using a 100V Zener diode will allow the circuit to work up to 490V. The input current drawn from the VIN pin is represented by Equation 3-6. EQUATION 3-6: I IN  1mA + Q G  f S Where: fS = Switching frequency QG = Gate charge of the external FET (obtained from the manufacturer’s data sheet) 3.6 Gate Output The gate output of the HV9961 is used to drive an external MOSFET. It is recommended that the gate charge QG of the external MOSFET be less than 25 nC for switching frequencies ≤100 kHz and less than 15 nC for switching frequencies >100 kHz. 3.7 PWM Dimming Due to the fast open-loop response of the average-current control loop of the HV9961, its PWM dimming performance nearly matches that of the HV9910B. The inductor current waveform comparison is shown in Figure 3-4. CH4 = Inductor Current CH3 = Inductor Current of HV9910B for comparison CH2 = VPWMD FIGURE 3-4: Typical PWM Dimming Response of an HV9961 LED Driver. The rising and falling edges are limited by the current slew rate in the inductor. The first switching cycle is terminated upon reaching the 275 mV or VLD x 0.185 level at CS. The circuit is further reaching its steady-state within 3–4 switching cycles regardless of the switching frequency. DS20005588B-page 8  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 4.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 4.1 Package Marking Information 8-lead SOIC Example XXXXXXXX e3 YYWW NNN HV9961LG e3 1725 888 16-lead SOIC XXXXXXXXX e3 YYWWNNN Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN e3 * Example HV9961NG e3 1714789 Product code or customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’) Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC® designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. ●, ▲, ▼ Pin one index is identified by a dot, delta up, or delta down (triangle mark). Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. Package may or may not include the corporate logo. Underbar (_) and/or Overbar (‾) symbol may not be to scale.  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries DS20005588B-page 9 HV9961 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SN) - Narrow, 3.90 mm (.150 In.) Body [SOIC] Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 2X 0.10 C A–B D A D NOTE 5 N E 2 E1 2 E1 E 2X 0.10 C A–B 2X 0.10 C A–B NOTE 1 2 1 e B NX b 0.25 C A–B D NOTE 5 TOP VIEW 0.10 C C A A2 SEATING PLANE 8X A1 SIDE VIEW 0.10 C h R0.13 h R0.13 H SEE VIEW C VIEW A–A 0.23 L (L1) VIEW C Microchip Technology Drawing No. C04-057-SN Rev F Sheet 1 of 2 DS20005588B-page 10  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SN) - Narrow, 3.90 mm (.150 In.) Body [SOIC] Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins N e Pitch Overall Height A Molded Package Thickness A2 § Standoff A1 Overall Width E Molded Package Width E1 Overall Length D Chamfer (Optional) h Foot Length L L1 Footprint Foot Angle c Lead Thickness b Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom MIN 1.25 0.10 0.25 0.40 0° 0.17 0.31 5° 5° MILLIMETERS NOM 8 1.27 BSC 6.00 BSC 3.90 BSC 4.90 BSC 1.04 REF - MAX 1.75 0.25 0.50 1.27 8° 0.25 0.51 15° 15° Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area. 2. § Significant Characteristic 3. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.15mm per side. 4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only. 5. Datums A & B to be determined at Datum H. Microchip Technology Drawing No. C04-057-SN Rev F Sheet 2 of 2  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries DS20005588B-page 11 HV9961 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SN) - Narrow, 3.90 mm (.150 In.) Body [SOIC] Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging SILK SCREEN C Y1 X1 E RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN Units Dimension Limits E Contact Pitch Contact Pad Spacing C Contact Pad Width (X8) X1 Contact Pad Length (X8) Y1 MIN MILLIMETERS NOM 1.27 BSC 5.40 MAX 0.60 1.55 Notes: 1. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-2057-SN Rev F DS20005588B-page 12  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries DS20005588B-page 13 HV9961 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging DS20005588B-page 14  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries DS20005588B-page 15 HV9961 NOTES: DS20005588B-page 16  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries HV9961 APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY Revision B (March 2022) • Changed package drawings. • Updated Section “Electrical Characteristics”. • Updated Section “Temperature Specifications”. • Minor format changes throughout. Revision A (November 2017) • Converted Supertex Doc# DSFP-HV9961 to Microchip DS20005588A. • Changed the package marking format. • Changed the packaging quantity of the LG package from 2500/Reel to 3300/Reel. • Changed the packaging quantity of the NG M901 media type from 1000/Reel to 2600/Reel. • Changed the packaging quantity of the NG M934 media type from 2500/Reel to 2600/Reel. • Made minor text changes throughout the document.  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries DS20005588B-page 17 HV9961 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, contact your local Microchip representative or sales office. XX PART NO. -X Package Options Device Device: HV9961 Packages: = Environmental -X LED Driver with Average-Current Mode Constant-Current Control LG = 8-lead SOIC = 16-lead SOIC Environmental: G = Lead (Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant Package Media Types: (blank) = 3300/Reel for an LG Package (blank) = 45/Tube for an NG Package M901 = 2600/Reel for an NG Package M934 = 2600/Reel for an NG Package For Media Types M901 and M934, the base quantity for tape and reel was standardized to 2600/reel. Both options will result in the delivery of the same number of parts/reel. DS20005588B-page 18 a) HV9961LG-G: LED Driver with AverageCurrent Mode ConstantCurrent Control, 8-lead SOIC, 3300/Reel b) HV9961NG-G: LED Driver with AverageCurrent Mode ConstantCurrent Control, 16-lead SOIC, 45/Tube c) HV9961NG-G-M901: LED Driver with AverageCurrent Mode ConstantCurrent Control, 16-lead SOIC, 2600/Reel d) HV9961NG-G-M934: LED Driver with AverageCurrent Mode ConstantCurrent Control, 16-lead SOIC, 2600/Reel Media Type NG Note: Examples: Note 1: Tape and Reel identifier only appears in the catalog part number description. This identifier is used for ordering purposes and is not printed on the device package. Check with your Microchip Sales Office for package availability with the Tape and Reel option.  2017-2022 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip products: • Microchip products meet the specifications contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is secure when used in the intended manner, within operating specifications, and under normal conditions. • Microchip values and aggressively protects its intellectual property rights. Attempts to breach the code protection features of Microchip product is strictly prohibited and may violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of its code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product is “unbreakable”. Code protection is constantly evolving. 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