MICRF220-315-EV

MICRF220 300MHz to 450MHz, 3.3V ASK/OOK Receiver with RSSI and Squelch General Description Features The MICRF220 is a 300MHz to 450MHz superheterodyne, image-reject, RF receiver with automatic gain control, ASK/OOK demodulator, analog RSSI output, and integrated squelch features. It only requires a crystal and a minimum number of external components to implement. The MICRF220 is ideal for low-cost, lowpower, RKE, TPMS, and remote actuation applications. • • • • • • • • • • • • • The MICRF220 achieves −110dBm sensitivity at a bit rate of 1kbps with 0.1% BER. Four demodulator filter bandwidths are selectable in binary steps from 1625Hz to 13kHz at 433.92MHz, allowing the device to support bit rates up to 20kbps. The device operates from a supply voltage of 3.0V to 3.6V, and typically consumes 4.3mA of supply current at 315MHz and 6.0mA at 433.92MHz. A shutdown mode reduces supply current to 0.1μA typical. The squelch feature decreases the activity on the data output pin until valid bits are detected while maintaining overall receiver sensitivity. Datasheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s website at: www.micrel.com. –110dBm sensitivity at 1kbps with 0.1% BER Supports bit rates up to 20kbps at 433.92MHz 25dB image-reject mixer No IF filter required 60dB analog RSSI output range 3.0V to 3.6V supply voltage range 4.3mA supply current at 315MHz 6.0mA supply current at 434MHz 0.1µA supply current in shutdown mode Data output squelch until valid bits detected 16-pin QSOP package (4.9mm x 6.0mm) −40˚C to +105˚C temperature range 3kV HBM ESD Rating Typical Application 433.92MHz, 1kbps Operation Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com August 19, 2015 Revision 2.0 RadioTech@micrel.com or (408) 944-0800 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Ordering Information Part Number Temperature Range Package –40°C to +105°C 16-Pin QSOP MICRF220AYQS Pin Configuration MICRF220AYQS Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name 1 RO1 2 GNDRF 3 ANT 4 GNDRF Pin Function Reference resonator connection to the Pierce oscillator. May also be driven by external reference signal of 200mVp-p to 1.5V p-p amplitude maximum. Internal capacitance of 7pF to GND during normal operation. Ground connection for ANT RF input. Connect to PCB ground plane. Antenna Input: RF Signal Input from Antenna. Internally AC coupled. It is recommended to use a matching network with an inductor-to-RF ground to improve ESD protection. Ground connection for ANT RF input. Connect to PCB ground plane. 5 VDD Positive supply connection for all chip functions. Bypass with 0.1μF capacitor located as close to the VDD pin as possible. 6 SQ Squelch Control Logic-Level Input. An internal pull-up (5μA typical) pulls the logic-input HIGH when the device is enabled. A logic LOW on SQ squelches, or reduces, the random activity on DO pin when there is no RF input signal. 7 SEL0 Demodulator Filter Bandwidth Select Logic-Level Input. This pin has an internal pull-up (3μA typical) when the chip is on. Use in conjunction with SEL1 to control demodulation bandwidth. 8 SHDN Shutdown Control Logic-Level Input. A logic-level LOW enables the device. A logic-level HIGH places the device in low-power shutdown mode. An internal pull-up (5μA typical) pulls the logic input HIGH. 9 GND Ground connection for all chip functions except for RF input. Connect to PCB ground plane. 10 DO 11 SEL1 Demodulator Filter Bandwidth Select Logic-Level Input. This pin has an internal pull-up (3μA typical) when the chip is on. Use in conjunction with SEL0 to Demodulation bandwidth. 12 CTH Demodulation Threshold Voltage Integration Capacitor. Connect a 0.1μF capacitor from CTH pin-to-GND to provide a stable slicing threshold. 13 CAGC AGC Filter Capacitor. Connect a capacitor from this pin to GND. Refer to the AGC Loop and CAGC section for information on the capacitor value. 14 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator. The voltage on this pin is an inversed amplified version of the voltage on CAGC. Output is from a switched capacitor integrating op amp with 250Ω typical output impedance. 15 NC 16 RO2 August 19, 2015 Data Output. Demodulated data output. A current limited CMOS output during normal operation, 25kΩ pulldown is present when device is in shutdown. No Connect. Leave this pin floating. Reference resonator connection to the Pierce oscillator. Internal capacitance of 7pF to GND during normal operation. 2 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VDD) .................................................. +5V ANT, SQ, SEL0, SEL1, SHDN DC Voltage. .................... −0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Junction Temperature ........................................... +150ºC Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec.) .................. +300°C Storage Temperature ............................. −65ºC to +150°C Maximum Receiver Input Power ......................... +10dBm (3) ESD Rating .................................................... 3kV HBM Supply Voltage (VDD) ............................. +3.0V to +3.6V Ambient Temperature (TA).................. –40°C to +105°C ANT, SQ, SEL0, SEL1, SHDN DC Voltage ................ ....−0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Maximum Input RF Power .................................. 0 dBm Receive Modulation Duty Cycle ....................... 20~80% Frequency Range .......................... 300MHz to 450MHz Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3.3V, VSHDN = GND = 0V, SQ = open, CCAGC = 4.7µF, CCTH = 0.1µF, unless otherwise noted. Bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C. “Bit rate” refers to the encoded bit rate throughout this datasheet (see Note 4). Parameter Operating Supply Current Shutdown Current Condition Min. Typ. Continuous Operation, fRF = 315MHz 4.3 Continuous Operation, fRF = 433.92MHz 6.0 VSHDN = VDD 0.1 Max. Units mA µA Receiver −112.5 433.92MHz, VSEL1 = VSEL0 = 0V, BER = 1% Conducted Receiver Sensitivity@1kbps (Note 5) Image Rejection IF Center Frequency (fIF) −3dB IF Bandwidth CAGC Voltage Range 433.92MHz, VSEL1 = VSEL0 = 0V, BER = 0.1% −110 315MHz, VSEL1 = 0V, VSEL0 = 3.3V, BER = 1% −112.5 315MHz, VSEL1 = 0V, VSEL0 = 3.3V, BER = 0.1% −110 fIMAGE = fRF – 2fIF dBm 25 fRF = 315MHz 0.85 fRF = 433.92MHz 1.18 fRF = 315MHz 235 fRF = 433.92MHz 330 −40dBm RF input level 1.15 −100dBm RF input level 1.55 dB MHz kHz V Reference Oscillator Reference Oscillator Frequency fRF = 315 MHz 9.81713 fRF = 433.92 MHz 13.52313 MHz Reference Buffer Input Impedance RO1 when driven externally 1.6 kΩ Reference Oscillator Bias Voltage RO2 1.15 V Reference Oscillator Input Range External input, AC couple to RO1 Reference Oscillator Source Current VRO1 = 0V August 19, 2015 0.2 1.5 300 3 VP-P µA Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units Demodulator CTH Source Impedance, Note 6 fREF = 9.81713MHz 165 fREF = 13.52313MHz 120 CTH Leakage Current In CTH Hold Mode TA = +25ºC TA = +105ºC 1 10 nA As output source @ 0.8 VDD As output sink @ 0.2 VDD 300 680 µA 600 Output Fall Time 15pF load on DO pin, transition time between 0.1xVDD and 0.9xVDD Input High Voltage SHDN, SEL0, SEL1, SQ Input Low Voltage SHDN, SEL0, SEL1, SQ Output Voltage High DO Output Voltage Low DO kΩ Digital / Control Functions DO Pin Output Current Output Rise Time ns 200 0.8VDD V 0.2VDD 0.8VDD V V 0.2VDD V RSSI RSSI DC Output Voltage Range RSSI Output Current −110dBm RF input level 0.5 −50dBm RF input level 2.0 5kΩ load to GND, −50dBm RF input level 400 µA 250 Ω 10 ms RSSI Output Impedance RSSI Response Time VSEL0 = VSEL1 = 0V, RF input power stepped from no input to −50dBm V Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating rating. 3. Device is ESD sensitive. Use appropriate ESD precautions. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 4. Encoded bit rate is 1/(shortest pulse duration) that appears at MICRF220 DO pin. 5. In an ON/OFF keyed (OOK) signal, the signal level goes between a “mark” level (when the RF signal is ON) and a “space” level (when the RF signal is OFF). Sensitivity is defined as the input signal level when “ON” necessary to achieve a specified BER (bit error rate). BER measured with the built-in BERT function in Agilent E4432B using the PN9 sequence. Sensitivity measurement values are obtained using an input matching network corresponding to 315MHz or 433.92MHz. 6. CTH source impedance is inversely proportional to the reference frequency. In production testing, the typical source impedance value is verified with 12MHz reference frequency. August 19, 2015 4 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Typical Characteristics VDD = 3.3V, TA = +25ºC, BER measured with PN9 sequence, unless otherwise noted. Current vs. Supply Voltage fRF = 433.92MHz Current vs. Receiver Frequency Current vs. Supply Voltage fRF = 315MHz 7.5 6.5 5.0 7.0 5.5 6.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 +25ºC 6.0 5.5 +25ºC 4.0 -40ºC 4.5 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 4.5 -40ºC 5.0 3.5 +105ºC Current (mA) 6.0 Current (mA) Current (mA) +105ºC 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.0 Receiver Frequency (MHz) CAGC Voltage vs. Input Power 3.4 3.2 Supply Voltage (V) 3.6 Supply Voltage (V) BER vs. Input Power VSEL1 = VSEL0 = 0V RSSI vs. Input Power 2.5 10 2.0 2.0 +105ºC 1.6 1.4 -40ºC +25ºC +25ºC 1.0 +105ºC 315MHz 1 ` PN9 sequence at 1kbps 0.5 1.2 -100 -75 -50 -25 0.0 -125 0 Input Power (dBm) -25 0 -98 Sensitivity (dBm) -102 -104 315MHz -108 433.92MHz Input Power (dBm) Sensitivity at 1% BER VSEL1 = 3.3V, VSEL0 = 0V -100 -98 -102 -100 -104 -106 315MHz -108 433.92MHz -110 -112 -112 -114 2 4 6 8 Bit Rate (kbps) August 19, 2015 10 12 -102 -104 315MHz -106 433.92MHz -108 -110 -114 -116 0 0.1 -116 -115 -114 -113 -112 -111 -110 Sensitivity at 1% BER VSEL1 = 0V, VSEL0 = 3.3V -100 -110 -50 Input Power (dBm) Sensitivity at 1% BER VSEL1 = VSEL0 = 0V -106 -75 -100 Sensitivity (dBm) 1.0 -125 Sensitivity (dBm) 433.92MHz -40ºC 1.5 BER (%) RSSI Voltage (V) CAGC Voltage (V) 1.8 -112 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Bit Rate (kbps) 5 21 0 10 20 30 40 Bit Rate (kbps) Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Typical Characteristics (Continued) VDD = 3.3V, TA = +25ºC, BER measured with PN9 sequence, unless otherwise noted. Sensitivity at 1% BER VSEL1 = 3.3V, VSEL0 = 3.3V Bandpass Filter Attenuation fXTAL = 13.52313MHz Attenuation (dB) Sensitivity (dBm) -100 -102 -104 315MHz -106 433.92MHz -108 -110 0 10 20 30 40 50 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 433.6 -40 -50 -50 Sensitivity (dBm) Sensitivity (dBm) -40 -80 -90 -100 -110 434.0 434.2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 314.8 314.9 315.0 315.1 315.2 Input Frequency (MHz) Sensitivity for 1% BER vs Frequency fXTAL = 9.81713MHz Sensitivity for 1% BER vs Frequency fXTAL = 13.52313MHz -70 433.8 Input Frequency (MHz) Bit Rate (kbps) -60 Attenuation (dB) -98 Bandpass Filter Attenuation fXTAL = 9.81713MHz -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -120 419 424 429 434 439 444 449 Input Frequency (MHz) August 19, 2015 304 309 314 319 324 Input Frequency (MHz) 6 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Functional Diagram Figure 1. Simplified Block Diagram August 19, 2015 7 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Functional Description The simplified block diagram (Figure 1) illustrates the basic structure of the MICRF220 receiver. It is made up of four sub-blocks: • • • • Therefore, the reference frequency fREF needed for a given desired RF frequency (fRF) is approximately: fREF = fRF / (32 + UHF Down-Converter ASK/OOK Demodulator Reference and Control logic Squelch Control 87 ) 1000 Eq. 3 Outside the device, the MICRF220 receiver requires just a few components to operate: a capacitor from CAGC to GND, a capacitor from CTH-to-GND, a reference crystal resonator with associated loading capacitors, LNA input matching components, and a power-supply decoupling capacitor. Receiver Operation UHF Downconverter The UHF down-converter has six sub-blocks: LNA, mixers, synthesizer, image reject filter, band pass filter and IF amplifier. LNA The RF input signal is AC-coupled into the gate of the LNA input device. The LNA configuration is a cascoded common source NMOS amplifier. The amplified RF signal is then fed to the RF ports of two double balanced mixers. Mixers and Synthesizer The LO ports of the mixers are driven by quadrature local oscillator outputs from the synthesizer block. The local oscillator signal from the synthesizer is placed on the low side of the desired RF signal (Figure 2). The product of the incoming RF signal and local oscillator signal will yield the IF frequency, which will be demodulated by the detector of the device. The image reject mixer suppresses the image frequency which is below the wanted signal by two times the IF frequency. The local oscillator frequency (fLO) is set to 32 times the crystal reference frequency (fREF) via a phase-locked loop synthesizer with a fully-integrated loop filter: fLO = 32 x fREF Figure 2. Low-Side Injection Local Oscillator Image-Reject Filter and Band-Pass Filter The IF ports of the mixer produce quadrature-down converted IF signals. These IF signals are low-pass filtered to remove higher-frequency products prior to the image reject filter where they are combined to reject the image frequency. The IF signal then passes through a third order band pass filter. The IF bandwidth is 330kHz @ 433.92MHz, and will scale with RF operating frequency according to:  Operating Freq (MHz)  BW IF = BW IF@433.92 MHz ×   Eq. 4 433.92   These filters are fully integrated inside the MICRF220. After filtering, four active gain controlled amplifier stages enhance the IF signal to its proper level for demodulation. ASK/OOK Demodulator The demodulator section is comprised of detector, programmable low pass filter, slicer, and AGC comparator. Eq. 1 MICRF220 uses an IF frequency scheme that scales the IF frequency (fIF) with fREF according to: fIF = fREF x August 19, 2015 87 1000 Eq. 2 8 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Detector and Programmable Low-Pass Filter The demodulation starts with the detector removing the carrier from the IF signal. Post detection, the signal becomes baseband information. The low-pass filter further enhances the baseband signal. There are four selectable low-pass filter BW settings; 1625Hz, 3250Hz, 6500Hz, and 13000Hz for 433.92MHz operation. The low-pass filter BW is directly proportional to the crystal reference frequency, and hence RF Operating Frequency. Filter BW values can be easily calculated by direct scaling. Equation 5 illustrates filter Demod BW calculation: BW Operating Freq = BW @433.92MHz ×  Operating Freq (MHz)    433.92   Eq. 5 Slicer and CTH The signal prior to the slicer, labeled “Audio Signal” in Figure 1, is still baseband analog signal. The data slicer converts the analog signal into ones and zeros based upon 50% of the slicing threshold voltage built up in the CTH capacitor. After the slicer, the signal is demodulated OOK digital data. When there is only thermal noise at ANT pin, the voltage level on CTH pin is about 650mV. This voltage starts to drop when there is RF signal present. When the RF signal level is greater than −100dBm, the voltage is about 400mV. The value of the capacitor from CTH pin to GND is not critical to the sensitivity of MICRF220, although it should be large enough to provide a stable slicing level for the comparator. The value used in the evaluation board of 0.1μF is good for all bit rates from 500bps to 20kbps. CTH Hold Mode It is very important to choose the baseband bandwidth setting suitable for the data rate to minimize bit error rate. Use the operating curves that show BER vs. bit rates for different SEL1, SEL0 settings as a guide. This low-pass filter -3dB corner, or the demodulation BW, is set at 13000Hz @ 433.92MHz as default (assuming both SEL0 and SEL1 pins are floating, internal pull-up resistors set the voltage to VDD). The low-pass filter can be hardware set by external pins SEL0 and SEL1. Table 2 demonstrates the scaling for 315MHz RF frequency: VSEL1 VSEL0 Low-Pass Filter BW Maximum Encoded Bit Rate GND GND 1625Hz 2.5kbps GND VDD 3250Hz 5kbps VDD GND 6500Hz 10kbps VDD VDD 13000Hz 20kbps Table 1. Low-Pass Filter Selection @ 434MHz RF Input VSEL1 VSEL0 Low-Pass Filter BW Maximum Encoded Bit Rate GND GND 1170Hz 1.8kbps GND VDD 2350Hz 3.6kbps VDD GND 4700Hz 7.2kbps VDD VDD 9400Hz 14.4kbps Table 2. Low-Pass Filter Selection @ 315MHz RF Input August 19, 2015 If the internal demodulated signal (DO′ in Figure 1) is at logic LOW for more than about 4msec, the chip automatically enters CTH hold mode, which holds the voltage on CTH pin constant even without RF input signal. This is useful in a transmission gap, or “deadtime”, used in many encoding schemes. When the signal reappears, CTH voltage does not need to re-settle, improving the time to output with no pulse width distortion, or time to good data (TTGD). AGC Loop and CAGC The AGC comparator monitors the signal amplitude from the output of the programmable low-pass filter. The AGC loop in the chip regulates the signal at this point to be at a constant level when the input RF signal is within the AGC loop dynamic range (about −115dBm to −40dBm). When the chip first turns on, the fast charge feature charges the CAGC node up with 120µA typical current. When the voltage on CAGC increases, the gains of the mixer and IF amplifier go up, increasing the amplitude of the audio signal (as labeled in Figure 1), even with only thermal noise at the LNA input. The fast-charge current is disabled when the audio signal crosses the slicing threshold, causing DO’ to go high, for the first time. When an RF signal is applied, a fast attack period ensues, when 600µA current discharges the CAGC node to reduce the gain to a proper level. Once the loop reaches equilibrium, the fast attack current is disabled, leaving only 15µA to discharge CAGC or 1.5µA to charge CAGC. The fast attack current is enabled only when the RF signal increases faster than the ability of the AGC loop to track it. 9 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 The value of CAGC impacts the time to good data (TTGD), which is defined as the time when signal is first applied, to when the pulse width at DO is within 10% of the steady state value. The optimal value of CAGC depends upon the setting of the SEL0 and SEL1 pins. A smaller CAGC value does NOT always result in a shorter TTGD. This is due to the loop dynamics, the fast discharge current being 600µA, and the charge current being only 1.5µA. For example, if VSEL0 = VSEL1 = 0V, the low pass filter bandwidth is set to a minimum and CAGC capacitance is too small, TTGD will be longer than if CAGC capacitance is properly chosen. This is because when RF signal first appears, the fast discharge period will reduce VCAGC very fast, lowering the gain of the mixer and IF amplifier. But since the low pass filter bandwidth is low, it takes too long for the AGC comparator to see a reduced level of the audio signal, so it can not stop the discharge current. This causes an undershoot in CAGC voltage and a corresponding overshoot in RSSI voltage. Once CAGC undershoots, it takes a long time for it to charge back up because the current available is only 1.5µA. Table 3 lists the recommended CAGC values for different SEL0 and SEL1 settings. VSEL1 VSEL0 Figure 3. RSSI Overshoot and Slow TTGD (9.1ms) Figure 4 shows the behavior with a larger capacitor on CAGC pin (2.2μF), VSEL1 = 0V, and VSEL0 = VDD. In this case, VCAGC does not undershoot (RSSI does not overshoot), and TTGD is relatively short at 1ms. CAGC value 0V 0V 4.7μF 0V VDD 2.2μF VDD 0V 1μF VDD VDD 0.47μF Table 3. Minimum Suggested CAGC Values Figure 3 illustrates what occurs if CAGC capacitance is too small for a given SEL1, SEL0 setting. Here, VSEL1 = 0V, VSEL0 = VDD, the capacitance on CAGC pin is 0.47μF, and the RF input level is stepped from no signal to −100dBm. RSSI voltage is shown instead of CAGC voltage because RSSI is a buffered version of CAGC (with an inversion and amplification). Probing CAGC directly can affect the loop dynamics through resistive loading from a scope probe, especially in the state where only 1.5μA is available, whereas probing RSSI does not. When RF signal is first applied, RSSI voltage overshoots due to the fast discharge current on CAGC, and the loop is too slow to stop this fast discharge current in time. Since the voltage on CAGC is too low, the audio signal level is lower than the slicing threshold (voltage on CTH), and DO pin is low. Once the fast discharge current stops, only the small 1.5µA charge current is available in settling the AGC loop to the correct level, causing the recovery from CAGC undershoot/RSSI overshoot condition to be slow. As a result, TTGD is about 9.1ms. Reference Oscillator The reference oscillator in the MICRF220 (Figure 5) uses a basic Pierce crystal oscillator configuration with MOS transconductor to provide negative resistance. Though the MICRF220 has built-in load capacitors for the crystal oscillator, the external load capacitors are still required for tuning it to the right frequency. RO1 and RO2 are external pins of the MICRF220 to connect the crystal to the reference oscillator. August 19, 2015 10 Figure 4. Proper TTGD (1ms) with Sufficient CAGC Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 RO2 C R V BIAS RO1 C Figure 5. Reference Oscillator Circuit Reference oscillator crystal frequency can be calculated according to Equation 3. For example, if fRF = 433.92MHz, fREF = 13.52313MHz. Table 4 lists the values of reference frequencies at different popular RF frequencies. To operate the MICRF220 with minimum offset, use proper loading capacitance recommended by the crystal manufacturer. RF Input Frequency (MHz) Reference Frequency (MHz) 315.0 9.81713* 390.0 12.15446 418.0 13.02708 433.92 13.52313* *Empirically derived, slightly different from Equation 3. Figure 6. Data Out Pin with No Squelch (VSQ = VDD) When squelch function is enabled by tying the SQ pin low, the chip will monitor incoming pulse width before allowing activity on DO pin. The pulse width is set by SEL1 and SEL0 pins as shown in Table 5, and is inversely proportional to frequency. When there is no input signal and squelch is not enabled (SQ pin left floating), voltage on DO chatters due to random noise as shown in Figure 6. If SQ pin is tied low, the activity on DO pin is much reduced as shown in Figure 7. Table 4. Reference Frequency Examples Squelch Operation When squelch function is enabled by tying the SQ pin low, the chip will monitor incoming pulse width before allowing activity on DO pin. The pulse width is set by SEL1 and SEL0 pins as shown in Table 5, and is inversely proportional to frequency. When there is no input signal and squelch is not enabled (SQ pin left floating), voltage on DO chatters due to random noise as shown in Figure 6. If SQ pin is tied low, the activity on DO pin is much reduced as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7. Data Out Pin with Squelch (VSQ = 0V) August 19, 2015 11 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 When four or less out of eight pulses (at DO′signal labeled in Figure 1) are good, the DO output is squelched. If good pulse count increases to seven or more in any eight sequential pulses, squelch is disabled, thereby allowing data to output at DO pin. A good pulse has a duration that is greater than the values listed in Table 5, and it can be a high or a low pulse. For other frequencies pulse times are calculated as follows:   433.92  PW = PW @433.92 MHz ×   Operating Freq(MHz)  August 19, 2015 VSEL1 VSEL0 Pulse Width at 315MHz (μs) Pulse Width at 433.92MHz (μs) 0V 0V 420 305 0V VDD 210 152 VDD 0V 105 76 VDD VDD 53 38 Table 5. Pulse Width Settings in Squelch Eq. 6 12 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Application Information Figure 8. MICRF220 EV Board Application Example August 19, 2015 13 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 always inside the IF bandwidth of MICRF220. From this consideration, the tolerance should be ±50ppm on both the transmitter and the MICRF220 side. ESR should be less than 300Ω, and the temperature range of the crystal should match the range required by the application. With the Abracon crystal listed in the Bill of Materials, a typical MICRF220 crystal oscillator still starts up at 105ºC with additional 400Ω series resistance. The oscillator of the MICRF220 is a Pierce-type oscillator. Good care must be taken when laying out the printed circuit board. Avoid long traces and place the ground plane on the top layer close to the REFOSC pins RO1 and RO2. When care is not taken in the layout, and the crystals used are not verified, the oscillator may not start or takes longer to start. Time-to-good-data will be longer as well. Supply Voltage Ramping When supply voltage is initially applied, it should rise monotonically from 0V to 3.3V to ensure proper startup of the crystal oscillator and the PLL. It should not have multiple bounces across 2.6V, which is the threshold of the undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit inside MICRF220. Antenna and RF Port Connections Figure 8 shows the schematic of the MICRF220 Evaluation Board. Figures 9 thru 11 depict PCB images. This evaluation board is a good starting point for the prototyping of most applications. The evaluation board offers two options of injecting the RF input signal: through a PCB antenna or through a 50Ω SMA connector. The SMA connection allows for conductive testing, or an external antenna. Important Note A few customers have reported that some MICRF220eceiver do not start up correctly. When the issue occurs, DO either chatters or stays at low voltage level. An unusual operating current is observed and the part cannot receive or demodulate data even when a strong OOK signal is present. Micrel has confirmed that this is the symptom of incorrect power on reset (POR) of internal register bits. The MICRF220 is designed to start up in shutdown mode (SHDN pin must be in logic high during Vdd ramp up). When the SHDN pin is tied to GND, and if the supply is ramped up slowly, a “test bus pull down” circuit may be activated. Once the chip enters this mode, the POR does not have the chance to set register bits (and hence operating modes) correctly. The test bus pull down acts on the SHDN pin, and can be illustrated in the following diagram. Low-Noise Amplifier Input Matching Capacitor C3 and inductor L2 form the “L” shape input matching network to the SMA connector. The capacitor cancels out the inductive portion of the net impedance after the shunt inductor, and provides additional attenuation for low-frequency outside band noise. The inductor is chosen to over resonate the net capacitance at the pin, leaving a net-positive reactance and increasing the real part of the impedance. It also provides additional ESD protection for the antenna pin. The input impedance of the device is listed in Table 6 to aid calculation of matching values. Note that the net impedance at the pin is easily affected by component pads parasitic due to the high input impedance of the device. The numbers in Table 6 does NOT include trace and component pad parasitic capacitance, which total about 0.75pF on the evaluation board. The matching components to the PCB antenna (L3 and C9) were empirically derived for best over-the-air reception range. 3.3V MICRF2XX 10 ohm (Vdd) pin MICRF2XX Frequency (MHz) Z Device (Ω) 315 23 − j290 390 14 – j230 418 17 – j216 Bias control & POR 4.7uF 2.2uF Test Mode Circuits Change the SHDN pin and Vdd pin connections to Test Bus (SHDN) pin (SHDN) pin 433.92 12 – j209 100K This device turns on, preventing POR from setting operating modes correctly Table 6. Input Impedance for the Most Used Frequencies Crystal Selection The crystal resonator provides a reference clock for all the device internal circuits. Crystal tolerance needs to be chosen such that the down-converted signal is August 19, 2015 14 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 To prevent the erroneous startup, a simple RC network is recommended. The 10Ω resistor and the 4.7µF capacitor provide a delay of about 200µs between VDD and SHDN during the power up, thus ensuring the part enters shutdown stage before the part is actually turned on. The 2.2µF capacitor bootstraps the voltage on SHDN, ensuring that SHDN voltage leads the supply voltage on VDD during power up. This gives the POR circuit time to set internal register bits. The SHDN pin can be brought low to turn the chip on once the initialization is completed. The 2.2µF and 100kΩ network form an RC delay of about 200ms before the SHDN pin is brought to low again. The 100kΩ resistor discharges the SHDN pin to turn the chip on. PCB Considerations and Layout Figures 9 thru 11 illustrate the MICRF220 Evaluation Board layout. The Gerber files provided are downloadable from the Micrel website and contain the remaining layers needed to fabricate this board. When copying or making one’s own boards, make the traces as short as possible. Long traces alter the matching network and the values suggested are no longer valid. Suggested matching values may vary due to PCB variations. A PCB trace 100 mils (2.5mm) long has about 1.1nH inductance. Optimization should always be done with exhaustive range tests. Make sure the individual ground connection has a dedicated via rather then sharing a few of ground points by a single via. Sharing ground via will increase the ground path inductance. Ground plane should be solid and with no sudden interruptions. Avoid using ground plane on top layer next to the matching elements. It normally adds additional stray capacitance which changes the matching. Do not use Phenolic materials as they are conductive above 200MHz. Typically, FR4 or better materials are recommended. The RF path should be as straight as possible to avoid loops and unnecessary turns. Separate ground and VDD lines from other digital or switching power circuits (such microcontroller…etc). Known sources of noise should be laid out as far as possible from the RF circuits. Avoid unnecessary wide traces which would add more distribution capacitance (between top trace to bottom GND plane) and alter the RF parameters. The suggestion provided above will generally serve to prevent the startup issue from happening to the MICRF220 series ASK receiver. However, exact values of the RC network depend on the ramp rate of the supply voltage, and should be determined on a case-by-case basis. August 19, 2015 15 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Figure 9. MICRF220 EV Board Assembly Figure 10. MICRF220 EV Board Top Layer Figure 11. MICRF220 EV Board Bottom Layer August 19, 2015 16 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 MICRF220 Evaluation Board (433.92MHz) Bill of Materials Item C3 C4 C5, C6 Part Number GRM1885C1H1R2CZ01 GRM21BR60J475KE01L GRM188R71E104KA01D Manufacturer Murata 1.2pF 100V, ±0.25pF, 0603 Murata (1) 4.7μF 6.3V, 0805 Murata (1) 0.1μF 25V, 0603 Murata (1) 1.5pF, 100V, ±0.25pF, 0603 Murata (1) 10pF 50V, 0603 C7, C12, JP3 C9 C10, C11 NP GRM1885C1H1R5CZ01 GRM1885C1H100JA01D J2 J3 NP, SMA, Edge Conn. AMPMODU Breakaway Headers 40 P(6pos) R/A HEADER GOLD 571-41031480 (2) 0Ω, 0402 Murata (1) 39nH, ± 5%, 0603 Murata (1) 33nH, ± 5%, 0603 JP1, JP2 CRCW04020000Z Vishay L2 LQG18HN39NJ00 L3 LQG18HN33NJ00 R3 CRCW0402100KFKEA 100kΩ, 0402 R4 Y1 Description (1) NP ABLS-13.52313MHz-10J4Y Y2 DSX321GK-13.52313MHz U1 MICRF220AYQS Abracon (3) (4) 13.52313MHz, HC49/US NP, (13.52313MHz, −40°C to +105°C), DSX321GK KDS (5) Micrel, Inc. 300MHz to 450MHz, 3.3V ASK/OOK Receiver with RSSI and Squelch Notes: 1. Murata: www.murata.com. 2. Vishay: www.vishay.com. 3. Abracon: www.abracon.com. 4. KDS: www.kds.info/index_en.htm. 5. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. August 19, 2015 17 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 MICRF220 Evaluation Board (315MHz) Bill of Materials Item C3 C4 C5, C6 Part Number GRM1885C1H1R5CZ01 GRM21BR60J475KE01L GRM188R71E104KA01D Manufacturer Murata 1.5pF 100V, ±0.25pF, 0603 Murata (1) 4.7μF 6.3V, 0805 Murata (1) 0.1μF 25V, 0603 Murata (1) 1.2pF, 100V, ±0.25pF, 0603 Murata (1) 10pF 50V, 0603 C7, C12, JP3 C9 C10, C11 NP GRM1885C1H1R2CZ01 GRM1885C1H100JA01D J2 J3 NP, SMA, Edge Conn. (2) AMPMODU Breakaway Headers 40 P(6pos) R/A HEADER GOLD (3) 0Ω, 0402 (1) 68nH, ±5%, 0603 571-41031480 Mouser JP1, JP2 CRCW04020000Z Vishay L2, L3 LQG18HN68NJ00 Murata R3 CRCW0402100KFKEA 100kΩ, 0402 R4 NP Y1 ABLS-9.81713MHz-10J4Y Abracon Y2 DSX321GK-9.81713MHz KDS U1 Description (1) MICRF220AYQS (4) (5) 9.81713MHz, HC49/US NP, (9.81713MHz, −40°C to +105°C), DSX321GK (6) Micrel, Inc. 300MHz to 450MHz, 3.3V ASK/OOK Receiver with RSSI and Squelch Notes: 1. Murata: www.murata.com. 2. Mouser: www.mouser.com. 3. Vishay: www.vishay.com. 4. Abracon: www.abracon.com. 5. KDS: www.kds.info/index_en.htm. 6. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. August 19, 2015 18 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 Package Information and Recommended Land Pattern(1) QSOP16 Package Type (AQS16) Note: 9. Package information is correct as of the publication date. For updates and most current information, go to www.micrel.com. August 19, 2015 19 Revision 2.0 Micrel, Inc. MICRF220 MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel, Inc. is a leading global manufacturer of IC solutions for the worldwide high performance linear and power, LAN, and timing & communications markets. The Company’s products include advanced mixed-signal, analog & power semiconductors; high-performance communication, clock management, MEMs-based clock oscillators & crystal-less clock generators, Ethernet switches, and physical layer transceiver ICs. Company customers include leading manufacturers of enterprise, consumer, industrial, mobile, telecommunications, automotive, and computer products. Corporation headquarters and state-of-the-art wafer fabrication facilities are located in San Jose, CA, with regional sales and support offices and advanced technology design centers situated throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Additionally, the Company maintains an extensive network of distributors and reps worldwide. Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this datasheet. This information is not intended as a warranty and Micrel does not assume responsibility for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Micrel’s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Micrel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of Micrel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2010 Micrel, Incorporated. August 19, 2015 20 Revision 2.0