MICRF500
Micrel
MICRF500
700MHz to 1.1GHz RadioWire™ RF Transceiver
Final
General Description
The MICRF500 is a single chip UHF transceiver designed for
spread spectrum communication (FHSS) intended for ISM
(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and SRD (Short Range
Device) frequency bands from 700MHz to 1100MHz with
FSK data rates up to 128k baud.
The transmitter consists of a PLL frequency synthesizer and
a power amplifier. The frequency synthesizer consists of a
voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a crystal oscillator, dualmodulus prescaler, programmable frequency dividers and a
phase-detector. The loop filter is external for flexibility and
can be a simple passive circuit. The VCO is a Colpitts
oscillator which requires an external resonator and varactor.
FSK modulation can be applied externally to the VCO. The
synthesizer has two different N, M and A frequency dividers.
FSK modulation can also be implemented by switching
between these dividers (max. 2400bps). The lengths of the N
and M and A registers are 12, 10 and 6 bits respectively. For
all types of FSK modulation, data is entered at the DATAIXO
pin (see application circuit). The output power of the power
amplifier can be programmed to eight levels. A lock detect
circuit detects when the PLL is in lock.
In receive mode the PLL synthesizer generates the local
oscillator (LO) signal. The N, M and A values that give the LO
frequency are stored in the N0, M0 and A0 registers. The
receiver is a zero intermediate frequency (IF) type in order to
make channel filtering possible with low-power integrated
low-pass filters. The receiver consists of a low-noise amplifier
(LNA) that drives a quadrature mixer pair. The mixer outputs
feed two identical signal channels in phase quadrature. Each
channel includes a preamplifier, a third order Sallen-Key RC
low pass filter that protects the following gyrator filter from
strong adjacent channel signals and finally, a limiter. The
main channel filter is a gyrator capacitor implementation of a
seven-pole elliptic low pass filter. The elliptic filter minimizes
the total capacitance required for a given selectivity and
dynamic range. The cut-off frequency of the Sallen-Key RC
filter can be programmed to four different frequencies: 10kHz,
30kHz, 60kHz and 200kHz. An external resistor adjusts the
cut-off frequency of the gyrator filter. The demodulator demodulates the I and Q channel outputs and produces a digital
data output. It detects the relative phase of the I and the Q
channel signal. If the I channel signal lags the Q channel, the
FSK tone frequency lies above the LO frequency (data ‘1’). If
the I channel leads the Q channel, the FSK tone lies below the
LO frequency (data ‘0’). The output of the receiver is available
on the DATAIXO pin. A RSSI (Receive Signal Strength
Indicator) circuit indicates the received signal level.
RadioWire™
A two pin serial interface is used to program the circuit.
External components are necessary for RF input and output
impedance matching and decoupling of power. Other external components are the VCO resonator circuit with varactor,
crystal, feedback capacitors and components for FSK modulation with the VCO, loop filter, bias resistors for the power
amplifier and gyrator filters. A T/R switch can be implemented
with 2-pin diodes. This gives maximum input sensitivity and
transmit output power.
Features
•
•
•
•
•
Frequency range: 700MHz to 1100MHz
Modulation: FSK
RF output power: 10dBm
Sensitivity (19.2k bauds, BER=10-3): –104dBm
Maximum data rate: 128k bauds
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Telemetry
Remote metering
Wireless controller
Wireless data repeaters
Remote control systems
Wireless modem
Wireless security system
Ordering Information
Part Number
MICRF500BLQ
Ambient Temp. Range
Package
–40°C to +85°C
44-Lead LQFP
RadioWire is a trademark of Micrel, Inc.
Micrel, Inc. • 1849 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 • http://www.micrel.com
March 2003
1
MICRF500
MICRF500
Micrel
VB_IP
QCHC
ICHC
IFQINN
IFQINP
MIXQOUTN
MIXQOUTP
IFIINN
IFIINP
MIXIOUTN
MIXIOUTP
Pin Configuration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
MIXERVDD
MIXERGND
LNA_C
RFGND2
RFIN
RFVDD
RFGND
RFOUT
PABIAS
PA_C
DIGGND
XOSCIN
XOSCOUT
LD_C
LOCKDET
RSSI
PDEXT
DATAC
DATAIXO
CLKIN
REGIN
DIGVDD
IFGND
IFVDD
ICHOUT
QCHOUT
OSCVDD
OSCIN
OSCGND
GND
CMPOUT
CMPR
MOD
44-Pin LQFP (BLQ)
Pin Description
Pin Number
Pin Name
1
IFGND
Pin Function
IF Ground
2
IFVDD
3
ICHOUT
I-Channel Output
4
QCHOUT
Q-Channel Output
5
OSCVDD
Colpitts Oscillator Power
6
OSCIN
7
OSCGND
8
GND
9
CMPOUT
10
CMPR
Charge Pump Resistor Input
11
MOD
Output for VCO Modulation
12
XOSCIN
13
XOSCOUT
14
LD_C
15
LOCKDET
16
RSSI
17
PDEXT
Power Down Input (0=Power Down)
18
DATAC
Data Filter Capacitor
19
DATAIXO
20
CLKIN
Clock Input for Programming
21
REGIN
Data Input for Programming
22
DIGVDD
Digital Circuitry Power
23
DIGGND
Digital Circuitry Ground
MICRF500
IF Power
Colpitts Oscillator Input
Colpitts Oscillator and Substrate Ground
Substrate Ground
Charge Pump Output
Crystal Oscillator Input
Crystal Oscillator Output
External Capacitor for Lock Detector
Lock Detector Output
Received Signal Strength Indicator Output
Data Input/Output
2
March 2003
MICRF500
Micrel
Pin Description, cont’t
Pin Number
Pin Name
24
PA_C
25
PABIAS
External Bias Resistor for Power Amplifier
26
RFOUT
Power Amplifier Output
27
RFGND
LNA, PA and Substrate Ground
28
RFVDD
LNA and PA Power
29
RFIN
30
RFGND2
31
LNA_C
32
MIXERGND
Mixer Ground
33
MIXERVDD
Mixer Power
34
MIXIOUTP
I-Channel Mixer Positive Output
35
MIXIOUTN
I-Channel Mixer Negative Output
36
IFIINP
I-Channel IF Amplifier Positive Input
37
IFIINN
I-Channel IF Amplifier Negative Input
38
MIXQOUTP
Q-Channel Mixer Positive Output
39
MIXQOUTN
Q-Channel Mixer Negative Output
40
IFQINP
Q-Channel IF Amplifier Positive Input
41
IFQINN
Q-Channel IF Amplifier Negative Input
42
ICHC
I-Channel Amplifier Capacitor
43
QCHC
Q-Channel Amplifier Capacitor
44
VB_IP
Gyrator Filter Resistor
March 2003
Pin Function
Capacitor for Slow Ramp Up/Down of PA
Low Noise RF Amplifier (LNA) Input
LNA First Stage Ground
External LNA Stabilizing Capacitor
3
MICRF500
MICRF500
Micrel
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Operating Ratings (Note 2)
Maximum Supply Voltage (VDD) ................................... +7V
Maximum NPN Reverse Base-Emitter Voltage .......... +2.5V
Storage Temperature Range (TS) ............ –55°C to +150°C
ESD Rating, Note 3 .................................................... 500V
Supply Voltage (VIN) ................................... +2.5V to +3.4V
Ambient Temperature (TA) ......................... –40°C to +85°C
Package Thermal Resistance
TQFP(θJA)-Multilayer board ............................. 46.3°C/W
Electrical Characteristics
FREF = 850MHz, VDD = 2.5 to 3.4V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
700
850
1100
MHz
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