Dual, 256-Position, SPI
Digital Potentiometer
AD5162
2-channel, 256-position potentiometer
End-to-end resistance: 2.5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ
Compact 10-lead MSOP (3 mm × 4.9 mm) package
Fast settling time: tS = 5 µs typical on power-up
Full read/write of wiper register
Power-on preset to midscale
Computer software replaces microcontroller in factory
programming applications
Single supply: 2.7 V to 5.5 V
Low temperature coefficient: 35 ppm/°C
Low power: IDD = 6 µA maximum
Wide operating temperature: −40°C to +125°C
Evaluation board available
Qualified for automotive applications
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
A1
W1
B1
W2
B2
VDD
WIPER
REGISTER 1
WIPER
REGISTER 2
A=0
A=1
GND
AD5162
CLK
SDI
CS
SPI INTERFACE
04108-0-001
FEATURES
Figure 1.
APPLICATIONS
Systems calibrations
Electronics level settings
Mechanical trimmers replacement in new designs
Permanent factory PCB setting
Transducer adjustment of pressure, temperature, position,
chemical, and optical sensors
RF amplifier biasing
Automotive electronics adjustment
Gain control and offset adjustment
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5162 provides a compact 3 mm × 4.9 mm packaged
solution for dual, 256-position adjustment applications. This
device performs the same electronic adjustment function as a
3-terminal mechanical potentiometer. Available in four end-toend resistance values (2.5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, 100 kΩ), this low
temperature coefficient device is ideal for high accuracy and
stability-variable resistance adjustments. The wiper settings are
controllable through an SPI digital interface. The resistance
between the wiper and either endpoint of the fixed resistor
varies linearly with respect to the digital code transferred into
the RDAC latch.1
Operating from a 2.7 V to 5.5 V power supply and consuming
less than 6 µA allows the AD5162 to be used in portable batteryoperated applications.
For applications that program the AD5162 at the factory,
Analog Devices offers device programming software running
on Windows® NT/2000/XP operating systems. This software
effectively replaces the need for external SPI controllers, which
in turn enhances the time to market of systems. An AD5162
evaluation kit and software are available. The kit includes a
cable and instruction manual.
1
The terms digital potentiometer, VR, and RDAC are used interchangeably.
Rev. C
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
www.analog.com
Tel: 781.329.4700
Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2003–2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
AD5162
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 13
Applications ....................................................................................... 1
Programming the Variable Resistor and Voltage ................... 13
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
Programming the Potentiometer Divider ............................... 14
General Description ......................................................................... 1
ESD Protection ........................................................................... 14
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Terminal Voltage Operating Range ......................................... 14
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
Power-Up Sequence ................................................................... 14
Electrical Characteristics: 2.5 kΩ Version ................................. 3
Layout and Power Supply Bypassing ....................................... 15
Electrical Characteristics: 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ Versions
......................................................................................................... 4
Constant Bias to Retain Resistance Setting............................. 15
Timing Characteristics: All Versions ......................................... 5
SPI Interface .................................................................................... 16
Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 6
SPI-Compatible, 3-Wire Serial Bus.......................................... 16
ESD Caution .................................................................................. 6
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 17
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 7
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 17
Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 8
Automotive Products ................................................................. 17
Evaluation Board ........................................................................ 15
Test Circuits ..................................................................................... 12
REVISION HISTORY
12/10—Rev. B to Rev.C
Added Automotive Parts to Features Section ............................... 1
Added Automotive Products Paragraph...................................... 17
4/09—Rev. A to Rev. B
Changes to Features Section............................................................ 1
Changes to DC Characteristics—Rheostat Mode Parameter and
to DC Characteristics—Potentiometer Divider Mode Parameter,
Table 1 ................................................................................................ 3
Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 17
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 17
11/03—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Changes to Electrical Characteristics ............................................ 3
11/03—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. C | Page 2 of 20
AD5162
SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: 2.5 kΩ VERSION
VDD = 5 V ± 10%, or 3 V ± 10%; VA = VDD; VB = 0 V; −40°C < TA < +125°C; unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Parameter
DC CHARACTERISTICS—RHEOSTAT MODE
Resistor Differential Nonlinearity2
Resistor Integral Nonlinearity2
Nominal Resistor Tolerance3
Resistance Temperature Coefficient
Wiper Resistance
DC CHARACTERISTICS—POTENTIOMETER
DIVIDER MODE4
Differential Nonlinearity5
Integral Nonlinearity5
Voltage Divider Temperature
Coefficient
Full-Scale Error
Zero-Scale Error
RESISTOR TERMINALS
Voltage Range6
Capacitance A, B7
Capacitance W7
Common-Mode Leakage
DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Input Logic High
Input Logic Low
Input Logic High
Input Logic Low
Input Current
Input Capacitance7
POWER SUPPLIES
Power Supply Range
Supply Current
Power Dissipation8
Power Supply Sensitivity
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS9
Bandwidth, −3 dB
Total Harmonic Distortion
VW Settling Time
Resistor Noise Voltage Density
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ 1
Max
Unit
R-DNL
R-INL
∆RAB
(∆RAB/RAB )/∆T
RWB
RWB, VA = no connect
RWB, VA = no connect
TA = 25°C
VAB = VDD, wiper = no connect
Code = 0x00, VDD = 5 V
−2
−14
−20
±0.1
±2
+2
+14
+55
LSB
LSB
%
ppm/°C
Ω
DNL
INL
(∆VW/VW)/∆T
Code = 0x80
VWFSE
VWZSE
Code = 0xFF
Code = 0x00
VA, VB, VW
CA, CB
CW
ICM
VIH
VIL
VIH
VIL
IIL
CIL
35
160
−1.5
−2
±0.1
±0.6
15
+1.5
+2
LSB
LSB
ppm/°C
−14
0
−5.5
4.5
0
12
LSB
LSB
VDD
45
V
pF
60
pF
1
nA
GND
f = 1 MHz, measured to GND,
code = 0x80
f = 1 MHz, measured to GND,
code = 0x80
VA = VB = VDD/2
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 3 V
VDD = 3 V
VIN = 0 V or 5 V
200
2.4
0.8
2.1
0.6
±1
5
VDD RANGE
IDD
PDISS
PSS
VIH = 5 V or VIL = 0 V
VIH = 5 V or VIL = 0 V, VDD = 5 V
VDD = 5 V ± 10%, code = midscale
2.7
3.5
BW
THDW
tS
eN_WB
Code = 0x80
VA = 1 V rms, VB = 0 V, f = 1 kHz
VA = 5 V, VB = 0 V, ±1 LSB error band
RWB = 1.25 kΩ, RS = 0
4.8
0.1
1
3.2
1
±0.02
5.5
6
30
±0.08
V
V
V
V
µA
pF
V
µA
µW
%/%
MHz
%
µs
nV/√Hz
Typical specifications represent average readings at 25°C and VDD = 5 V.
Resistor position nonlinearity error, R-INL, is the deviation from an ideal value measured between the maximum resistance and the minimum resistance wiper
positions. R-DNL measures the relative step change from the ideal between successive tap positions. Parts are guaranteed monotonic.
3
VA = VDD, VB = 0 V, wiper (VW) = no connect.
4
Specifications apply to all VRs.
5
INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider similar to a voltage output DAC. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V.
DNL specification limits of ±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions.
6
Resistor Terminal A, Resistor Terminal B, and Resistor Terminal W have no limitations on polarity with respect to each other.
7
Guaranteed by design, but not subject to production test.
8
PDISS is calculated from (IDD × VDD). CMOS logic level inputs result in minimum power dissipation.
9
All dynamic characteristics use VDD = 5 V.
2
Rev. C | Page 3 of 20
AD5162
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, AND 100 kΩ VERSIONS
VDD = 5 V ± 10%, or 3 V ± 10%; VA = VDD; VB = 0 V; −40°C < TA < 125°C; unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter
DC CHARACTERISTICS—RHEOSTAT MODE
Resistor Differential Nonlinearity2
Resistor Integral Nonlinearity2
Nominal Resistor Tolerance3
Resistance Temperature Coefficient
Wiper Resistance
DC CHARACTERISTICS—POTENTIOMETER
DIVIDER MODE4
Differential Nonlinearity5
Integral Nonlinearity5
Voltage Divider Temperature Coefficient
Full-Scale Error
Zero-Scale Error
RESISTOR TERMINALS
Voltage Range6
Capacitance A, B7
Capacitance W7
Common-Mode Leakage
DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Input Logic High
Input Logic Low
Input Logic High
Input Logic Low
Input Current
Input Capacitance
POWER SUPPLIES
Power Supply Range
Supply Current
Power Dissipation
Power Supply Sensitivity
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Bandwidth, −3 dB
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ1
Max
Unit
R-DNL
R-INL
∆RAB
(∆RAB/RAB )/∆T
RWB
RWB, VA = no connect
RWB, VA = no connect
TA = 25°C
VAB = VDD, wiper = no connect
Code = 0x00, VDD = 5 V
−1
−2.5
−20
±0.1
±0.25
+1
+2.5
+20
LSB
LSB
%
ppm/°C
Ω
DNL
INL
(∆VW/VW)/∆T
VWFSE
VWZSE
VA, VB, VW
CA, CB
CW
ICM
VIH
VIL
VIH
VIL
IIL
CIL
VDD RANGE
IDD
PDISS
PSS
BW
Total Harmonic Distortion
THDW
VW Settling Time
tS
Resistor Noise Voltage Density
eN_WB
35
160
−1
−1
Code = 0x80
Code = 0xFF
Code = 0x00
−2.5
0
±0.1
±0.3
15
−1
1
GND
f = 1 MHz, measured to GND,
code = 0x80
f = 1 MHz, measured to GND,
code = 0x80
VA = VB = VDD/2
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 3 V
VDD = 3 V
VIN = 0 V or 5 V
200
+1
+1
0
2.5
VDD
LSB
LSB
ppm/°C
LSB
LSB
45
V
pF
60
pF
1
nA
2.4
0.8
2.1
0.6
±1
5
2.7
5.5
6
30
±0.08
V
V
V
V
µA
pF
V
µA
µW
%/%
VIH = 5 V or VIL = 0 V
VIH = 5 V or VIL = 0 V, VDD = 5 V
VDD = 5 V ± 10%, code = midscale
3.5
RAB = 10 kΩ/50 kΩ/100 kΩ,
code = 0x80
VA = 1 V rms, VB = 0 V,
f = 1 kHz, RAB = 10 kΩ
VA = 5 V, VB = 0 V,
±1 LSB error band
RWB = 5 kΩ, RS = 0
600/100/40
kHz
0.1
%
2
µs
9
nV/√Hz
1
±0.02
Typical specifications represent average readings at 25°C and VDD = 5 V.
Resistor position nonlinearity error, R-INL, is the deviation from an ideal value measured between the maximum resistance and the minimum resistance wiper
positions. R-DNL measures the relative step change from the ideal between successive tap positions. Parts are guaranteed monotonic.
3
VA = VDD, VB = 0 V, wiper (VW) = no connect.
4
Specifications apply to all VRs.
5
INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider similar to a voltage output DAC. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V.
DNL specification limits of ±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions.
6
Resistor Terminal A, Resistor Terminal B, and Resistor Terminal W have no limitations on polarity with respect to each other.
7
Guaranteed by design, but not subject to production test.
2
Rev. C | Page 4 of 20
AD5162
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS: ALL VERSIONS
VDD = 5 V ± 10%, or 3 V ± 10%; VA = VDD; VB = 0 V; −40°C < TA < +125°C; unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter
SPI INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS1
Clock Frequency
Input Clock Pulse Width
Data Setup Time
Data Hold Time
CS Setup Time
CS High Pulse Width
CLK Fall to CS Fall Hold Time
CLK Fall to CS Rise Hold Time
CS Rise to Clock Rise Setup
1
Symbol
fCLK
tCH, tCL
tDS
tDH
tCSS
tCSW
tCSH0
tCSH1
tCS1
Conditions
Min
Clock level high or low
20
5
5
15
40
0
0
10
See the timing diagrams for the locations of measured values (that is, see Figure 42 and Figure 43).
Rev. C | Page 5 of 20
Typ
Max
Unit
25
MHz
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
AD5162
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 4.
Parameter
VDD to GND
VA, VB, VW to GND
Terminal Current, Ax to Bx, Ax to Wx, Bx to Wx1
Pulsed
Continuous
Digital Inputs and Output Voltage to GND
Operating Temperature Range
Maximum Junction Temperature (TJMAX)
Storage Temperature
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
Thermal Resistance, θJA for 10-Lead MSOP2
Rating
–0.3 V to +7 V
VDD
±20 mA
±5 mA
0 V to 7 V
–40°C to +125°C
150°C
–65°C to +150°C
300°C
230°C/W
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
1
The maximum terminal current is bound by the maximum current handling
of the switches, the maximum power dissipation of the package, and the
maximum applied voltage across any two of the A, B, and W terminals at a
given resistance.
2
The package power dissipation is (TJMAX − TA)/θJA.
Rev. C | Page 6 of 20
AD5162
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
B1 1
10 W1
9 B2
W2 3
AD5162
GND 4
TOP VIEW
VDD 5
8 CS
7 SDI
6 CLK
04108-0-002
A1 2
Figure 2.
Table 5. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mnemonic
B1
A1
W2
GND
VDD
CLK
SDI
CS
B2
W1
Description
B1 Terminal.
A1 Terminal.
W2 Terminal.
Digital Ground.
Positive Power Supply.
Serial Clock Input. Positive-edge triggered.
Serial Data Input.
Chip Select Input, Active Low. When CS returns high, data is loaded into the DAC register.
B2 Terminal.
W1 Terminal.
Rev. C | Page 7 of 20
AD5162
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
2.0
0.5
TA = 25°C
RAB = 10kΩ
1.0
VDD = 2.7V
0.5
0
VDD = 5.5V
–0.5
RAB = 10kΩ
0.4
POTENTIOMETER MODE DNL (LSB)
–1.0
–1.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
VDD = 2.7V; TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
0
–0.1
–0.2
–0.3
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
CODE (DECIMAL)
–0.5
04108-0-003
0
0
32
128
160
192
224
256
Figure 6. DNL vs. Code vs. Temperature
1.0
0.5
TA = 25°C
RAB = 10kΩ
0.3
0.2
VDD = 2.7V
0.1
0
–0.1
–0.2
VDD = 5.5V
–0.3
TA = 25°C
RAB = 10kΩ
0.8
POTENTIOMETER MODE INL (LSB)
0.4
0.6
0.4
VDD = 5.5V
0.2
0
VDD = 2.7V
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–0.4
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
CODE (DECIMAL)
–1.0
04108-0-004
–0.5
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
CODE (DECIMAL)
04108-0-007
RHEOSTAT MODE DNL (LSB)
96
CODE (DECIMAL)
Figure 3. R-INL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
Figure 7. INL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
Figure 4. R-DNL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
0.5
0.5
RAB = 10kΩ
0.3
VDD = 5.5V
TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
VDD = 2.7V
TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
–0.2
TA = 25°C
RAB = 10kΩ
0.4
POTENTIOMETER MODE DNL (LSB)
0.4
–0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
VDD = 2.7V
0
–0.1
VDD = 5.5V
–0.2
–0.3
–0.4
–0.4
–0.5
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
CODE (DECIMAL)
224
256
04108-0-005
POTENTIOMETER MODE INL (LSB)
64
04108-0-006
–0.4
–2.0
–0.5
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
CODE (DECIMAL)
Figure 8. DNL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
Figure 5. INL vs. Code vs. Temperature
Rev. C | Page 8 of 20
256
04108-0-008
RHEOSTAT MODE INL (LSB)
1.5
AD5162
2.0
4.50
RAB = 10kΩ
RAB = 10kΩ
1.0
0.5
0
VDD = 5.5V
TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
CODE (DECIMAL)
3.00
2.25
VDD = 2.7V, VA = 2.7V
1.50
VDD = 5.5V, VA = 5.0V
0.75
0
–40
04108-0-009
–2.0
3.75
–10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 9. R-INL vs. Code vs. Temperature
Figure 12. Zero-Scale Error vs. Temperature
10
0.5
RAB = 10kΩ
0.4
0.3
0.2
IDD, SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
RHEOSTAT MODE DNL (LSB)
–25
04108-0-012
VDD = 2.7V
TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
ZSE, ZERO-SCALE ERROR (LSB)
RHEOSTAT MODE INL (LSB)
1.5
VDD = 2.7V, 5.5V; TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
0.1
0
–0.1
–0.2
VDD = 5V
1
VDD = 3V
–0.3
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
CODE (DECIMAL)
0.1
–40
–7
26
59
92
Figure 10. R-DNL vs. Code vs. Temperature
Figure 13. Supply Current vs. Temperature
120
2.0
RAB = 10kΩ
RAB = 10kΩ
RHEOSTAT MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)
1.0
0.5
0
VDD = 5.5V, VA = 5.0V
–0.5
VDD = 2.7V, VA = 2.7V
–1.0
–1.5
–25
–10
5
20
35
50
65
80
95
TEMPERATURE (°C)
110
125
04108-0-011
FSE, FULL-SCALE ERROR (LSB)
1.5
–2.0
–40
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
80
VDD = 2.7V
TA = –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
60
40
VDD = 5.5V
TA = –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
20
0
–20
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
CODE (DECIMAL)
Figure 14. Rheostat Mode Tempco ΔRWB/ΔT vs. Code
Figure 11. Full-Scale Error vs. Temperature
Rev. C | Page 9 of 20
256
04108-0-014
0
04108-0-010
–0.5
04108-0-013
–0.4
AD5162
0
RAB = 10kΩ
0x80
–6
40
0x40
–12
30
GAIN (dB)
20
0x20
–18
VDD = 2.7V
TA = –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
10
0
0x10
–24
0x08
–30
0x04
–36
0x02
–42
–10
0x01
VDD = 5.5V
TA = –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
–48
–20
0
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
CODE (DECIMAL)
–60
1k
10k
Figure 15. Potentiometer Mode Tempco ΔVWB/ΔT vs. Code
1M
Figure 18. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, RAB = 50 kΩ
0
0
0x80
–6
0x80
–6
0x40
–12
0x40
–12
0x20
–18
0x20
–18
–24
GAIN (dB)
0x10
GAIN (dB)
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
04108-0-018
–54
–30
04108-0-015
POTENTIOMETER MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)
50
0x08
0x04
–30
–36
0x02 0x01
–42
0x10
–24
0x08
–30
0x04
–36
0x02
–42
–48
–54
–54
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
–60
04108-0-016
–60
10k
1k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 16. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, RAB = 2.5 kΩ
Figure 19. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, RAB = 100 kΩ
0
0
0x80
–12
0x40
–18
0x20
–6
–12
GAIN (dB)
0x10
–24
0x08
–30
0x04
–36
0x02
0x01
–42
10kΩ
570kHz
2.5kΩ
2.2MHz
–30
–36
–42
–54
–60
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1M
04108-0-017
–48
–54
10k
50kΩ
120kHz
–24
–48
1k
100kΩ
60kHz
–18
Figure 17. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, RAB = 10 kΩ
–60
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 20. −3 dB Bandwidth at Code = 0x80
Rev. C | Page 10 of 20
10M
04108-0-020
–6
GAIN (dB)
10k
04108-0-019
0x01
–48
AD5162
10
1
VDD = 5.5V
VW2
0.1
VDD = 2.7V
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
DIGITAL INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5.0
04108-0-025
0.01
04108-0-024
VW1
Figure 24. Analog Crosstalk
Figure 21. Supply Current vs. Digital Input Voltage
VW
VW
04108-0-021
04108-0-026
CLK
VW2
VW
VW1
CS
Figure 23. Digital Crosstalk
04108-0-023
Figure 25. Midscale Glitch, Code 0x80 to Code 0x7F
Figure 22. Digital Feedthrough
04108-0-022
IDD, SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
TA = 25°C
Figure 26. Large-Signal Settling Time
Rev. C | Page 11 of 20
AD5162
TEST CIRCUITS
Figure 27 through Figure 32 illustrate the test circuits that define the test conditions used in the product specification tables (see Table 1
and Table 2).
VA
VMS
(
W
V+
B
∆VMS
PSRR (dB) = 20 LOG
∆VDD
∆VMS%
PSS (%/%) =
∆VDD%
A
B
Figure 27. Test Circuit for Potentiometer Divider Nonlinearity Error
(INL, DNL)
VMS
Figure 30. Test Circuit for Power Supply Sensitivity
(PSS, PSSR)
NO CONNECT
DUT
DUT
A
IW
A W
+15V
W
VIN
AD8610
B
OFFSET
GND
04108-0-028
B
VMS
)
–15V
2.5V
Figure 28. Test Circuit for Resistor Position Nonlinearity Error
(Rheostat Operation: R-INL, R-DNL)
VOUT
04108-0-031
V+
∆VDD
W
04108-0-027
A
V+ = VDD ± 10%
DUT
04108-0-030
V+ = VDD
1LSB = V+/2N
DUT
Figure 31. Test Circuit for Gain vs. Frequency
NC
W
VMS2
IW = VDD/RNOMINAL
B
RW = [VMS1 – VMS2]/IW
VMS1
A
VDD
VW
GND
04108-0-029
A
DUT
B
NC
Figure 29. Test Circuit for Wiper Resistance
ICM
W
VCM
NC = NO CONNECT
04108-0-033
DUT
Figure 32. Test Circuit for Common-Mode Leakage Current
Rev. C | Page 12 of 20
AD5162
THEORY OF OPERATION
The AD5162 is a 256-position, digitally controlled variable
resistor (VR) device.
The general equation determining the digitally programmed
output resistance between W and B is
An internal power-on preset places the wiper at midscale
during power-on, which simplifies the fault condition recovery
at power-up.
PROGRAMMING THE VARIABLE RESISTOR AND
VOLTAGE
Rheostat Operation
The nominal resistance of the RDAC between Terminal A and
Terminal B is available in 2.5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ.
The nominal resistance (RAB) of the VR has 256 contact points
accessed by the wiper terminal and the B terminal contact. The
8-bit data in the RDAC latch is decoded to select one of the
256 possible settings.
A
A
B
B
W
04108-0-034
W
B
Figure 33. Rheostat Mode Configuration
Assuming that a 10 kΩ part is used, the first connection of the
wiper starts at the B terminal for Data 0x00. Because there is
a 50 Ω wiper contact resistance, such a connection yields a
minimum of 100 Ω (2 × 50 Ω) resistance between Terminal W
and Terminal B. The second connection is the first tap point,
which corresponds to 139 Ω (RWB = RAB/256 + 2 × RW = 39 Ω +
2 × 50 Ω) for Data 0x01. The third connection is the next tap
point, representing 178 Ω (2 × 39 Ω + 2 × 50 Ω) for Data 0x02,
and so on. Each LSB data value increase moves the wiper up the
resistor ladder until the last tap point is reached at 10,100 Ω
(RAB + 2 × RW).
A
RS
(1)
In summary, if RAB is 10 kΩ and the A terminal is open
circuited, the output resistance, RWB, is set according to the
RDAC latch codes, as listed in Table 6.
Table 6. Codes and Corresponding RWB Resistance
RWB (Ω)
9961
5060
139
100
Output State
Full scale (RAB − 1 LSB + RW)
Midscale
1 LSB
Zero scale (wiper contact resistance)
Note that in the zero-scale condition, a finite wiper resistance of
100 Ω is present. Care should be taken to limit the current flow
between W and B in this state to a maximum pulse current of
no more than 20 mA. Otherwise, degradation or possible
destruction of the internal switch contact may occur.
Similar to the mechanical potentiometer, the resistance of the
RDAC between Wiper W and Terminal A also produces a
digitally controlled complementary resistance, RWA. When these
terminals are used, the B terminal can be opened. Setting the
resistance value for RWA starts at a maximum value of resistance
and decreases as the data loaded in the latch increases in value.
The general equation for this operation is
RWA (D) =
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D
× RAB + 2 × RW
256
where:
D is the decimal equivalent of the binary code loaded in the
8-bit RDAC register.
RAB is the end-to-end resistance.
RW is the wiper resistance contributed by the on resistance of
the internal switch.
D (Dec)
255
128
1
0
A
W
RWB (D) =
RS
256 − D
× RAB + 2 × RW
256
(2)
When RAB is 10 kΩ and the B terminal is open circuited, the
output resistance, RWA, is set according to the RDAC latch
codes, as listed in Table 7.
RS
W
Table 7. Codes and Corresponding RWA Resistance
RDAC
RS
B
04108-0-035
LATCH
AND
DECODER
Figure 34. AD5162 Equivalent RDAC Circuit
D (Dec)
255
128
1
0
RWA (Ω)
139
5060
9961
10,060
Output State
Full scale
Midscale
1 LSB
Zero scale
Typical device-to-device matching is process-lot dependent and
may vary by up to ±30%. Because the resistance element is
processed in thin-film technology, the change in RAB with temperature has a very low temperature coefficient of 35 ppm/°C.
Rev. C | Page 13 of 20
AD5162
PROGRAMMING THE POTENTIOMETER DIVIDER
ESD PROTECTION
Voltage Output Operation
All digital inputs are protected with a series of input resistors
and parallel Zener ESD structures, as shown in Figure 36 and
Figure 37. This applies to the SDI, CLK, and CS digital input pins.
340Ω
LOGIC
GND
VI
Figure 36. ESD Protection of Digital Pins
A
GND
Figure 35. Potentiometer Mode Configuration
Figure 37. ESD Protection of Resistor Terminals
If ignoring the effect of the wiper resistance for approximation,
connecting the A terminal to 5 V and the B terminal to ground
produces an output voltage at the wiper to B, starting at 0 V up
to 1 LSB less than 5 V. Each LSB of voltage is equal to the voltage
applied across the A and B terminals divided by the 256 positions
of the potentiometer divider. The general equation defining the
output voltage at VW with respect to ground for any valid input
voltage applied to Terminal A and Terminal B is
256 − D
D
VA +
VB
256
256
TERMINAL VOLTAGE OPERATING RANGE
The AD5162 VDD and GND power supply defines the boundary
conditions for proper 3-terminal digital potentiometer operation. Supply signals present on the A, B, and W terminals that
exceed VDD or GND are clamped by the internal forward-biased
diodes (see Figure 38).
VDD
(3)
A
W
A more accurate calculation, which includes the effect of wiper
resistance, VW, is
VW (D) =
R (D )
RWB (D)
VA + WA
VB
RAB
RAB
B
GND
(4)
Operation of the digital potentiometer in the divider mode
results in more accurate operation over temperature. Unlike in
the rheostat mode, the output voltage is dependent mainly on
the ratio of the internal resistors RWA and RWB, not on the absolute
values. Therefore, the temperature drift reduces to 15 ppm/°C.
04108-0-039
B
04108-0-038
A, B, W
VO
04108-0-036
W
VW (D) =
04108-0-037
The digital potentiometer easily generates a voltage divider at
wiper to B and wiper to A, proportional to the input voltage at
A to B. Unlike the polarity of VDD to GND, which must be
positive, voltage across A to B, W to A, and W to B can be at
either polarity.
Figure 38. Maximum Terminal Voltages Set by VDD and GND
POWER-UP SEQUENCE
Because the ESD protection diodes limit the voltage compliance
at the A, B, and W terminals (see Figure 38), it is important to
power VDD/GND before applying voltage to the A, B, and W
terminals; otherwise, the diode is forward-biased such that VDD
is powered unintentionally and may affect the rest of the user’s
circuit. The ideal power-up sequence is in the following order:
GND, VDD, digital inputs, and then VA, VB, VW. The relative
order of powering VA, VB, VW, and the digital inputs is not
important, as long as they are powered after VDD/GND.
Rev. C | Page 14 of 20
AD5162
110
LAYOUT AND POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING
TA = 25°C
106
104
102
100
98
96
94
92
90
0
5
10
15
DAYS
20
25
30
04108-0-041
Similarly, it is also good practice to bypass the power supplies with
quality capacitors for optimum stability. Supply leads to the device
should be bypassed with disc or chip ceramic capacitors of 0.01 μF
to 0.1 μF. Low ESR 1 μF to 10 μF tantalum or electrolytic capacitors
should also be applied at the supplies to minimize any transient
disturbance and low frequency ripple (see Figure 39). In addition,
note that the digital ground should be joined remotely to the
analog ground at one point to minimize the ground bounce.
108
BATTERY LIFE DEPLETED (%)
It is good practice to employ compact, minimum lead length
layout design. The leads to the inputs should be as direct as
possible with a minimum conductor length. Ground paths
should have low resistance and low inductance.
Figure 40. Battery Operating Life Depletion
VDD
C3
10F
+
EVALUATION BOARD
VDD
C1
0.1F
An evaluation board, along with all necessary software, is
available to program the AD5162 from any PC running
Windows® 98/2000/XP. The graphical user interface, as shown
in Figure 41, is straightforward and easy to use. More detailed
information is available in the user manual, which is supplied
with the board.
AD5162
04108-0-040
GND
Figure 39. Power Supply Bypassing
For users who desire nonvolatility but cannot justify the additional
cost of the EEMEM, the AD5162 can be considered a low cost
alternative by maintaining a constant bias to retain the wiper
setting. The AD5162 is designed specifically for low power
applications, allowing low power consumption even in batteryoperated systems. The graph in Figure 40 demonstrates the
power consumption from a 3.4 V, 450 mAhr Li-Ion cell phone
battery connected to the AD5162. The measurement over time
shows that the device draws approximately 1.3 μA and consumes
negligible power. Over a course of 30 days, the battery is depleted
by less than 2%, the majority of which is due to the intrinsic
leakage current of the battery itself.
This demonstrates that constantly biasing the potentiometer can be
a practical approach. Most portable devices do not require the
removal of batteries for the purpose of charging. Although the
resistance setting of the AD5162 is lost when the battery needs
replacement, such events occur rather infrequently such that
this inconvenience is justified by the lower cost and smaller size
offered by the AD5162. If total power is lost, the user should be
provided with a means to adjust the setting accordingly.
04108-0-044
CONSTANT BIAS TO RETAIN RESISTANCE SETTING
Figure 41. AD5162 Evaluation Board Software
The AD5162 starts at midscale upon power-up. To increment or
decrement the resistance, simply move the scrollbars in the left of
the software window (see Figure 41). To write a specific value,
use the bit pattern in the upper part of the SDI Write Bit Control
(Hit Run) box and then click Run. The format of writing data
to the device is shown in Table 8.
Rev. C | Page 15 of 20
AD5162
SPI INTERFACE
SPI-COMPATIBLE, 3-WIRE SERIAL BUS
Table 8. Serial Data-Word Format1
The AD5162 contains a 3-wire, SPI-compatible digital interface
(SDI, CS, and CLK). The 9-bit serial word must be loaded MSB
first. The format of the word is shown in Table 8.
MSB
B8
A0
(28)
The positive-edge sensitive CLK input requires clean transitions
to avoid clocking incorrect data into the serial input register.
Standard logic families work well. If mechanical switches are
used for product evaluation, they should be debounced by a
flip-flop or another suitable means. When CS is low, the clock
loads data into the serial register on each positive clock edge
(see Figure 42).
1
B6
D6
B5
D5
B4
D4
B3
D3
Dx
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
CLK
0
1
RDAC REGISTER LOAD
CS
VOUT
04108-0-042
0
1
0
Figure 42. SPI Interface Timing Diagram
(VA = 5 V, VB = 0 V, VW = VOUT)
tDS
tCS1
tCH
CLK
0
tCL
tCSH0
LSB
B0
D0
(20)
0
1
Dx
tCH
1
B1
D1
1
1
0
B2
D2
The values of bits are shown in parentheses.
SDI
The data setup and data hold times in Table 3 determine the
valid timing requirements. The AD5162 uses a 9-bit serial input
data register word that is transferred to the internal RDAC
register when the CS line returns to logic high. Extra MSB bits
are ignored.
SDI
(DATA IN)
B7
D7
(27)
tCSH1
tCSS
1
CS
tCSW
0
±1LSB
VOUT
0
Figure 43. SPI Interface Detailed Timing Diagram (VA = 5 V, VB = 0 V, VW = VOUT)
Rev. C | Page 16 of 20
04108-0-043
tS
VDD
AD5162
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
3.10
3.00
2.90
10
3.10
3.00
2.90
1
5.15
4.90
4.65
6
5
PIN 1
IDENTIFIER
0.50 BSC
0.95
0.85
0.75
15° MAX
1.10 MAX
0.30
0.15
6°
0°
0.23
0.13
0.70
0.55
0.40
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-BA
091709-A
0.15
0.05
COPLANARITY
0.10
Figure 44. 10-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP]
(RM-10)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model1, 2, 3
AD5162BRM2.5
AD5162BRM2.5-RL7
AD5162BRM10
AD5162BRM50
AD5162BRM50-RL7
AD5162BRM100
AD5162BRM100-RL7
AD5162BRMZ2.5
AD5162BRMZ2.5-RL7
AD5162BRMZ10
AD5162BRMZ10-RL7
AD5162BRMZ50
AD5162BRMZ50-RL7
AD5162BRMZ100
AD5162BRMZ100-RL7
AD5162WBRMZ100-RL7
AD5162EVAL
RAB (kΩ)
2.5
2.5
10
50
50
100
100
2.5
2.5
10
10
50
50
100
100
100
Temperature
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
–40°C to +125°C
Package Description
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
10-Lead MSOP
Evaluation Board
Package Option
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
RM-10
Branding
D0Q
D0Q
D0R
D0S
D0S
D0T
D0T
D74
D74
D9K
D9K
D0S#
D0S#
D0T#
D0T#
D0T#
1
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
W = Qualified for Automotive Applications.
3
The evaluation board is shipped with the 10 k Ω RAB resistor option; however, the board is compatible with all available resistor value options.
2
AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
The AD5162W model is available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of automotive
applications. Note that these automotive models may have specifications that differ from the commercial models; therefore, designers
should review the Specifications section of this data sheet carefully. Only the automotive grade products shown are available for use in
automotive applications. Contact your local Analog Devices account representative for specific product ordering information and to
obtain the specific Automotive Reliability reports for these models.
Rev. C | Page 17 of 20
AD5162
NOTES
Rev. C | Page 18 of 20
AD5162
NOTES
Rev. C | Page 19 of 20
AD5162
NOTES
©2003–2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D04108-0-12/10(C)
Rev. C | Page 20 of 20
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