a
Dual Sigma-Delta ADC
with Auxiliary DAC
AD7729
FEATURES
+3 V Supply Voltage
Baseband Serial Port (BSPORT)
Differential IRx and QRx
ADC Channels
Two 15-Bit Sigma-Delta A/D Converters
FIR Digital Filters
64 dB SNR
Output Word Rate 270.83 kHz
Twos Complement Coding
On-Chip Offset Calibration
Power-Down Mode
Auxiliary D/A Converter
Auxiliary Serial Port (ASPORT)
On-Chip Voltage Reference
Low Power
28-Lead TSSOP/28-Lead SOIC
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This monolithic 3 V CMOS device is a low power, two-channel,
input port with signal conditioning. The receive path is composed of two high performance sigma-delta ADCs with digital
filtering. A common bandgap reference feeds the ADCs.
A control DAC is included for such functions as AFC. The auxiliary functions can be accessed via the auxiliary port (ASPORT).
This device is available in a 28-lead TSSOP package or a
28-lead SOIC package.
APPLICATIONS
GSM Basestations
Pagers
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
DVDD2
DVDD1 DGND
AGND
AVDD1
AVDD2
ASDI
ASDIFS
ASCLK
ASDO
10-BIT
AUXDAC
AUXILIARY
SERIAL
INTERFACE
AUXDAC
ASDOFS
ASE
BSDI
BSDIFS
BSCLK
BSDO
BASEBAND
SERIAL
INTERFACE
OFFSET
ADJUST
DECIMATION
FIR DIGITAL
FILTER
SD
MODULATOR
IRxP
OFFSET
ADJUST
DECIMATION
FIR DIGITAL
FILTER
SD
MODULATOR
QRxP
REFERENCE
REFCAP
BSDOFS
IRxN
QRxN
BSE
DIVIDE BY 2
MCLK
RxON
MUX
RESETB
REFOUT
REV. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
© Analog Devices, Inc., 1998
1 (AVDD1 = AVDD2 = +3 V ⴞ 10%; DVDD1 = DVDD2 = +3 V ⴞ 10%; DGND = AGND =
AD7729–SPECIFICATIONS
0 V, f = 13 MHz; RxPOWER1 = 0; RxPOWER0 = 1; MCLKDIV = 0; T = T to T unless otherwise noted)
CLK
Parameter
REFERENCE
REFCAP
Absolute Voltage, VREFCAP
REFCAP TC
REFOUT
Absolute Voltage, VREFOUT
REFOUT TC
ADC CHANNEL SPECIFICATIONS
Resolution
ADC Signal Range
VBIAS
Differential Signal Range
Single-Ended Signal Range
Input Sample Rate
Output Word Rate
DC Accuracy
Precalibration Offset Error
Post Calibration Offset Error
Post Calibration Offset Error TC
Input Resistance (DC)
Input Capacitance
Dynamic Specifications
Dynamic Range
Signal to (Noise + Distortion)
Gain Error
Gain Match Between Channels
Filter Settling Time
Frequency Response
0 kHz–70 kHz
85 kHz
96 kHz
135 kHz
>170 kHz
Absolute Group Delay
Group Delay Between Channels
(0 kHz–96 kHz)
Coding
AUXILIARY CONVERTER2
Resolution
Output Range
Code 000
Offset Error
Code 3FF
Gain Error
A
MIN
MAX
AD7729A
Units
Test Conditions/Comments
1.3 ± 5%
50
V min/max
ppm/°C typ
0.1 µF Capacitor Required from REFCAP to AGND
1.3 ± 10%
50
V min/max
ppm/°C typ
0.1 µF Capacitor Required from REFOUT to AGND
15
2 VREFCAP
VREFCAP/2 to (AVDD – VREFCAP /2)
VREFCAP to (AVDD – VREFCAP )
VBIAS ± V REFCAP/2
VBIAS ± V REFCAP
13
270.83
Bits
V p-p
Volts
Volts
V min/max
V min/max
MSPS
kHz
Differential
Single-Ended
For Both Positive and Negative Analog Inputs
For Positive Analog Inputs; Negative Analog Inputs = VBIAS
± 45
± 10
50
1.23
10
mV typ
mV max
µV/°C typ
MΩ typ
pF typ
TC = Temperature Coefficient
67
64
±1
± 0.5
± 0.2
47
dB typ
dB min
dB max
dB max
dB max
µs typ
± 0.05
–1
–3.0
–55
–55
23
dB max/min
dB max
dB max
dB max
dB max
µs typ
5
Twos Complement
ns typ
10
Bits
2/32 × VREFCAP
± 35
2 VREFCAP
–60
+100
V
mV max
V
mV min
mV max
RxON = 1
Input Frequency = 67.7 kHz
Does Not Include Input Antialias RC Circuit
DC Accuracy
Integral Nonlinearity
Differential Nonlinearity
Update Rate
Load Resistance
Load Capacitance
ISINK
Full-Scale Settling Time
LSB Settling Time
Coding
Input Frequency = 67.7 kHz, wrt 1.3 V
Input Frequency = 67.7 kHz, wrt VREFCAP
Maximum Output for Specified Accuracy = AVDD –
0.2 V or 2.6 V, Whichever Is Lower
±4
±2
540
10
50
50
4
2
Binary
LSB max
LSB max
kHz max
kΩ min
pF max
µA typ
µs typ
µs typ
–2–
Guaranteed Monotonic to 9 Bits
See Figure 1
See Figure 1
REV. 0
AD7729
Parameter
AD7729A
Units
LOGIC INPUTS
VINH, Input High Voltage
VINL, Input Low Voltage
IIH, Input Current
CIN, Input Capacitance
VDD – 0.8
0.8
10
10
V min
V max
µA max
pF max
LOGIC OUTPUTS
VOH, Output High Voltage
VOL, Output Low Voltage
IOZL, Low Level Output Three-State Leakage Current
IOZH, High Level Output Three-State Leakage Current
VDD – 0.4
0.4
10
10
V min
V max
µA max
µA max
2.7/3.3
2.7/3.3
V min/max
V min/max
POWER SUPPLIES
AVDD1, AVDD2
DVDD1, DVDD2
IDD
Test Conditions/Comments
|IOUT| < 100 µA
|IOUT| < 100 µA
See Table I
NOTES
1
Operating Temperature Range: –40°C to +105°C. Therefore, T MIN = –40°C and TMAX = +105°C.
2
During power-down, the AUXDAC has an output resistance of 30 kΩ approximately to AGND.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
RL
10kV
CL
50pF
Figure 1. AUXDAC Load Equivalent Circuit
Table I. Current Summary (AVDD1 = AVDD2 = DVDD1 = DVDD2 = +3.3 V, RxPOWER1 = 0, RxPOWER0 = 1)
Conditions
Internal
Analog Digital
Current Current
(typ)
(typ)
External
Interface Total
Current Current
(typ)
(max)
ADCs On Only
4.2
3.4
4
13.5
1
0
YES
REFOUT Enabled, BSCLK = MCLK
AUXDAC On Only
2
0.86
0.1
3.4
0
1
YES
REFOUT Disabled, ASCLK = MCLK/48
REFCAP On Only
0.7
0.0001
0.002
1.1
0
0
NO
REFOUT Disabled
REFCAP and
REFOUT On Only
1
0.0001
0.002
1.7
0
0
NO
REFOUT Enabled
All Sections Off
0.0001
0.04
0.015
0.1
0
0
YES
MCLK Active Levels Equal to 0 V and DVDD
All Sections Off
0.0001
0.0001
0.005
0.05
0
0
NO
Digital Inputs Static and Equal to 0 V or
DVDD
BSE
The above values are in mA.
REV. 0
–3–
ASE
MCLK
ON
Comments
AD7729
Table II. Receive Section Signal Ranges
Table III. Auxiliary Section Signal Ranges
Baseband Section
Signal Range
AUXDAC
Signal Range
VREFCAP
VREFOUT
1.3 V ± 5%
1.3 V ± 10%
Output Code
Code 000
Code 3FF
2/32 × VREFCAP
2 VREFCAP
ADC
ADC Signal Range
VBIAS
Differential Input
Single-Ended Input
Signal Range
Differential
Single-Ended
2 VREFCAP
VREFCAP/2 to (AVDD1 – VREFCAP/2)
VREFCAP to (AVDD1 – VREFCAP)
VBIAS ± VREFCAP/2
VBIAS ± VREFCAP
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(AVDD1 = AVDD2 = +3 V ⴞ 10%; DVDD1 = DVDD2 = +3 V ⴞ 10%; AGND = DGND = 0 V;
TA = TMIN to TMAX , unless otherwise noted)
Parameter
Limit at
TA = –40ⴗC to +105ⴗC
Units
Description
AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
Clock Signals
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t10
t11
t12
t13
t14
t15
t16
t17
76
30.4
30.4
t1
0.4 × t1
0.4 × t1
20
10
15
0
0
15
10
t4 + 15
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns max
ns min
ns min
ns max
ns min
ns min
See Figure 2.
MCLK Period
MCLK Width Low
MCLK Width High
ASCLK Period. See Figures 4 and 6.
ASCLK Width Low
ASCLK Width High
ASDI/ASDIFS Setup Before ASCLK Low
ASDI/ASDIFS Hold After ASCLK Low
ASDOFS Delay from ASCLK High
ASDOFS Hold After ASCLK High
ASDO Hold After ASCLK High
ASDO Delay from ASCLK High
ASDIFS Low to ASDI LSB Read by ASPORT
Interval Between Consecutive ASDIFS Pulses
Receive Section
Clock Signals
t7
t8
t9
t18
t19
t20
t21
t22
t23
t24
t25
t1
0.4 × t1
0.4 × t1
20
10
15
0
0
15
10
t7 + 15
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns max
ns min
ns min
ns max
ns min
ns min
See Figures 5 and 7.
BSCLK Period
BSCLK Width Low
BSCLK Width High
BSDI/BSDIFS Setup Before BSCLK Low
BSDI/BSDIFS HoldAfter BSCLK Low
BSDOFS Delay from BSCLK High
BSDOFS Hold After BSCLK High
BSDO Hold After BSCLK High
BSDO Delay from BSCLK High
BSDIFS Low to ASDI LSB Read by BSPORT
Interval Between Consecutive BSDIFS Pulses
ASCLK = MCLK/(2 × ASCLKRATE). ASCLKRATE can have a value from 0 . . . 1023. When ASCLKRATE = 0, ASCLK = 13 MHz.
BSCLK = MCLK/(2 × BSCLKRATE). BSCLKRATE can have a value from 0 . . . 1023. When BSCLKRATE = 0, BSCLK = 13 MHz.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
–4–
REV. 0
AD7729
TIMING DIAGRAMS
t1
t1
t3
t2
MCLK
t3
t5
*ASCLK
t6
t4
t2
*ASCLK IS INDIVIDUALLY PROGRAMMABLE IN FREQUENCY
(MCLK/4 SHOWN HERE).
Figure 2. Clock Timing
100mA
Figure 4. ASCLK
t1
IOL
t3
t2
MCLK
+2.1V
TO OUTPUT PIN
CL
t8
*BSCLK
15pF
t9
100mA
IOH
t7
*BSCLK IS INDIVIDUALLY PROGRAMMABLE IN FREQUENCY
(MCLK/4 SHOWN HERE).
Figure 3. Load Circuit for Timing Specifications
Figure 5. BSCLK
ASE (I)
ASCLK (O) THREE-STATE
t 10
t 17
t 16
ASDIFS (I)
t 11
t 11
t 10
ASDI (I)
D9
THREE-STATE
A1
D8
D9
A0
D7
D8
t 13
t 12
ASDOFS (O)
ASDO (O)
t 14
THREE-STATE
D9
A0
A1
A2
D9
D8
t 15
NOTE
I = INPUT, O = OUTPUT
Figure 6. Auxiliary Serial Port ASPORT
BSE (I)
BSCLK (O)
THREE-STATE
t 18
t 25
t 24
BSDIFS (I)
t 19
t 18
D9
BSDI (I)
THREE-STATE
t 19
A1
D8
t 20
A0
D9
D8
D7
t 21
BSDOFS (O)
t 22
THREE-STATE
BSDO (O)
D9
NOTE
I = INPUT, O = OUTPUT
A2
A1
t 23
Figure 7. Baseband Serial Port BSPORT
REV. 0
–5–
A0
D9
D8
AD7729
ORDERING GUIDE
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
(TA = +25°C unless otherwise stated)
AVDD, DVDD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
AGND to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +0.3 V
Digital I/O Voltage to DGND . . . . –0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V
Analog I/O Voltage to AGND . . . . –0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V
Operating Temperature Range
Industrial (A Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +105°C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C
TSSOP
θ JA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +122°C/W
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +215°C
Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +220°C
SOIC
θ JA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +72°C/W
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +215°C
Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +220°C
Model
Temperature
Range
Package
Descriptions
Package
Options
AD7729AR
–40°C to +105°C Small Outline IC R-28
(SOIC)
AD7729ARU –40°C to +105°C Thin Shrink Small RU-28
Outline (TSSOP)
PIN CONFIGURATION
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
IRxP
1
28
REFCAP
IRxN
2
27
REFOUT
QRxP
3
26
AUXDAC
QRxN
4
25
DVDD1
AVDD2
5
24
DVDD2
AVDD1
6
23
DGND
AGND
7
ASDIFS
8
ASDI
ASE
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale) 21 ASDOFS
22
9
20
ASDO
ASCLK 10
19
BSE
BSDIFS 11
18
BSDOFS
BSDI 12
17
BSDO
RESETB 13
16
BSCLK
RxON 14
15
MCLK
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.
Although the AD7729 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may
occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD
precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–6–
AD7729
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
REV. 0
AD7729
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin
Number
Mnemonic
Function
15
MCLK
13
RESETB
Master Clock Input. MCLK is driven from a 13 MHz crystal. The active levels for MCLK are
determined by the value of DVDD2.
Active Low Reset Signal. This input resets the entire AD7729 chip, resetting the control
registers and clearing the digital filters. The logic input levels (VINH and VINL) for RESETB
are determined by the value of DVDD2.
Power Supply
6
5
7
25
24
AVDD1
AVDD2
AGND
DVDD1
DVDD2
23
DGND
Analog Signal and Reference
1, 2
IRxP, IRxN
3, 4
QRxP, QRxN
26
AUXDAC
28
REFCAP
27
REFOUT
Auxiliary Serial Port (ASPORT)
10
ASCLK
9
8
20
ASDI
ASDIFS
ASDO
21
22
ASDOFS
ASE
Baseband Serial Port (BSPORT)
16
BSCLK
12
11
17
BSDI
BSDIFS
BSDO
18
19
BSDOFS
BSE
ADCs
14
RxON
REV. 0
Analog Power Supply Connection for the Rx Section and the Bandgap Reference.
Analog Power Supply Connection for the Auxiliary Section.
Analog Ground Connection.
Digital Power Supply Connection.
Digital Power Supply Connection for the Serial Interface Section. This power supply also sets
the threshold voltages for RxON, RESETB and MCLK.
Digital Ground Connection.
Differential Analog Input for I Receive Channel.
Differential Analog Input for Q Receive Channel.
Analog Output Voltage from the 10-Bit Auxiliary DAC AUXDAC. This DAC is used for
functions such as Automatic Gain Control (AGC). The DAC possesses a register that is
accessible via the ASPORT or BSPORT. The DAC may be individually powered down.
A bypass capacitor to AGND of 0.1 µF is required for the on-chip reference. The capacitor
should be fixed to this pin.
Buffered Reference Output, which has a nominal value of 1.3 V. A bypass capacitor (to
AGND) of 0.1 µF is required on this pin.
Serial Clock used to clock data or control bits to and from the auxiliary serial port (ASPORT).
The frequency of ASCLK is programmable and is equal to the frequency of the master clock
(MCLK) divided by an integer number.
Serial Data Input of ASPORT. Both data and control information are input on this pin.
Input Framing Signal for ASDI Serial Transfers.
Serial Data Output of ASPORT. Both data and control information are output on this pin.
ASDO is in three-state when no information is being transmitted, thereby allowing external
control.
Output Framing Signal for ASDO Serial Transfers.
ASPORT Enable. When ASE is low, the ASPORT is put into three-state thereby allowing
external control of the serial bus.
Output serial clock used to clock data or control bits to and from the baseband serial port
(BSPORT). The frequency of BSCLK is programmable and is equal to the frequency of the
master clock (MCLK) divided by an integer number.
Serial Data Input of BSPORT. Both data and control information are input on this pin.
Input Framing Signal for BSDI Serial Transfers.
Serial Data Output of BSPORT. Both data and control information are output on this pin.
BSDO is in three-state when no information is being transmitted, thereby allowing external
control.
Output Framing Signal for BSDO Serial Transfers.
BSPORT Enable. When BSE is low, the BSPORT is put into three-state thereby allowing
external control of the serial bus.
Receive Section Power-On Digital Input. The receive section is powered up by taking pin
RxON high. The receive section can alternatively be powered up by programming bit RxON
in baseband control register BCRA. When the powering up/down of the receive section is
being controlled by pin RxON, bit RxON should equal zero. Similarly, when the powering up/
down of the receive section is being controlled by bit RxON, pin RxON should be tied low.
The logic input levels (VINH and VINL) for RxON are determined by the value of DVDD2.
–7–
AD7729
Output Rate
TERMINOLOGY
Absolute Group Delay
This is the rate at which data words are made available
(270.833 kHz).
Absolute group delay is the rate of change of phase versus frequency, dø/df. It is expressed in microseconds.
Offset Error
This is the amount of offset, wrt VREF in the auxiliary DAC and
is expressed in mVs.
Differential Nonlinearity
This is the difference between the measured and the ideal
1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes in the DAC or
ADC.
Output Signal Span
This is the output signal range for the auxiliary DAC section.
Dynamic Range
Sampling Rate
Dynamic Range is the ratio of the maximum output signal to the
smallest output signal the converter can produce (1 LSB), expressed logarithmically, in decibels (dB = 201og10 (ratio)). For
an N-bit converter, the ratio is theoretically very nearly equal to
2N (in dB, 20Nlog10(2) = 6.02N). However, this theoretical
value is degraded by converter noise and inaccuracies in the
LSB weight.
This is the rate at which the modulators on the receive channels
sample the analog input.
Settling Time
This is the digital filter settling time in the AD7729 receive
section. On initial power-up or after returning from the powerdown mode, it is necessary to wait this amount of time to get
useful data.
Gain Error
This is a measure of the output error between an ideal DAC and
the actual device output with all 1s loaded after offset error has
been adjusted out. In the AD7729, gain error is specified for the
auxiliary section.
Signal Input Span
Gain Matching Between Channels
This is the measured ratio of signal to (noise + distortion) at the
output of the receive channel. The signal is the rms amplitude of
the fundamental. Noise is the rms sum of all nonfundamental
signals up to half the sampling frequency (fS/2), excluding dc.
The ratio is dependent upon the number of quantization levels
in the digitization process; the more levels, the smaller the quantization noise. The theoretical signal to (noise + distortion) ratio
for a sine wave is given by:
The input signal range for the I and Q channels is biased about
VREF.
Signal to (Noise + Distortion) Ratio
This is the gain matching between the IRx and QRx channel
and is expressed in dBs.
Group Delay Between Channels
This is the difference between the group delay of the I and Q
channels and is a measure of the phase matching characteristics
of the two.
Integral Nonlinearity
Signal to (Noise + Distortion) = (6.02N + 1.76) dB
This is the maximum deviation from a straight line passing
through the endpoints of the auxiliary DAC transfer function.
–8–
REV. 0
AD7729
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
AD7729
BASEBAND CODEC
Receive Section
The receive section consists of I and Q receive channels, each
comprising of a simple switched-capacitor filter followed by a
15-bit sigma-delta ADC. On-board digital filters, which form
part of the sigma-delta ADCs, also perform critical system-level
filtering. Their amplitude and phase response characteristics
provide excellent adjacent channel rejection. The receive section is also provided with a low power sleep mode to place the
receive section on standby between receive bursts, drawing only
minimal current.
4.7kV
IRxP
4.7kV
IRxN
I CHANNEL
IRx
100pF
100pF
4.7kV
QRxP
Q CHANNEL
QRx
QRxN
4.7kV
Switched Capacitor Input
100pF
The receive section analog front-end is sampled at 13 MHz by a
switched-capacitor filter. The filter has a zero at 6.5 MHz as
shown in Figure 8a. The receive channel also contains a digital
low-pass filter (further details are contained in the following
section) which operates at a clock frequency of 6.5 MHz. Due
to the sampling nature of the digital filter, the passband is repeated about the operating clock frequency and at multiples of
the clock frequency (Figure 8b). Because the first null of the
switched-capacitor filter coincides with the first image of the
digital filter, this image is attenuated by an additional 30 dBs
(Figure 8c), further simplifying the external antialiasing requirements (see Figures 9 and 10).
100pF
REFOUT
TO INPUT BIAS
CIRCUITRY
0.1mF
REFCAP
0.1mF
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
Figure 9. Example Circuit for Differential Input
Figure 10 shows the recommended single-ended analog input
circuit.
0 dBs
AD7729
FRONT-END
ANALOG FILTER
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
MHz
6.5
13
IRx
4.7kV
IRxP
19.5
I CHANNEL
100pF
a) Switched-Cap Filter Frequency Response
IRxN
0 dBs
QRx
4.7kV
QRxP
Q CHANNEL
DIGITAL FILTER
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
100pF
MHz
6.5
13
QRxN
19.5
b) Digital Filter Frequency Response
REFOUT
VBIAS
HIGH SPEED
BUFFER
0 dBs
SYSTEM FILTER
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
6.5
13
0.1mF
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
19.5
c) Overall System Response of the Receive
Channel
Figure 8.
Figure 10. Example Circuit for Single-Ended Input
The circuitry of Figure 9 implements first-order low-pass filters
with a 3 dB point at 338 kHz; these are the only filters that
must be implemented external to the baseband section to prevent aliasing of the sampled signal.
REV. 0
REFCAP
0.1mF
MHz
–9–
AD7729
The digital filter that follows the modulator removes the large
out-of-band quantization noise (Figure 13c), while converting
the digital pulse train into parallel 15-bit-wide binary data. The
15-bit I and Q data, which is in twos complement format, is
made available via a serial port.
VBIAS + VREF/2
IRxN
QRxN
VOLTAGE
VBIAS
IRxP
QRxP
QUANTIZATION
NOISE
VBIAS – VREF/2
FS/2
BAND OF
INTEREST
3.25MHz
a) Effect of High Oversampling Ratio
10 ... 00
00 ... 00
01 ... 11
ADC CODE
Figure 11. ADC Transfer Function for Differential Operation
NOISE
SHAPING
VBIAS + VREF
FS/2
VOLTAGE
BAND OF
INTEREST
b) Use of Noise Shaping to Further Improve
SNR
IRxN
QRxN
VBIAS
3.25MHz
IRxP
QRxP
DIGITAL FILTER
CUTOFF FREQUENCY = 100kHz
VBIAS – VREF
BAND OF
INTEREST
10 ... 00
00 ... 00
FS/2
3.25MHz
01 ... 11
c) Use of Digital Filtering to Remove the Outof-Band Quantization Noise
Figure 13.
ADC CODE
Figure 12. ADC Transfer Function for Single-Ended
Operation
Sigma-Delta ADC
The AD7729 receive channels employ a sigma-delta conversion
technique, which provides a high-resolution 15-bit output for
both I and Q channels with system filtering being implemented
on-chip.
The output of the switched-capacitor filter is continuously
sampled at 6.5 MHz (master clock/2), by a charge-balanced
modulator, and is converted into a digital pulse train whose
duty cycle contains the digital information. Due to the high
oversampling rate, which spreads the quantization noise from
0 MHz to 3.25 MHz (FS/2), the noise energy contained in the
band of interest is reduced (Figure 13a). To reduce the quantization noise still further, a high order modulator is employed to
shape the noise spectrum, so that most of the noise energy is
shifted out of the band of interest (Figure 13b).
Digital Filter
The digital filters used in the AD7729 receive section carry out
two important functions. Firstly, they remove the out-of-band
quantization noise which is shaped by the analog modulator.
Secondly, they are also designed to perform system level filtering, providing excellent rejection of the neighboring channels.
Digital filtering has certain advantages over analog filtering.
Firstly, since digital filtering occurs after the A/D conversion
process, it can remove noise injected during the conversion
process. Analog filtering cannot do this. Secondly, the digital
filter combines low passband ripple with a steep roll-off, while
also maintaining a linear phase response. This is very difficult to
achieve with analog filters.
However, analog filtering can remove noise superimposed on
the analog signal before it reaches the ADC. Digital filtering
cannot do this and noise peaks riding on signals near full-scale
have the potential to saturate the analog modulator, even
though the average value of the signal is within limits. To alleviate this problem, the AD7729 has overrange headroom built
into the sigma-delta modulator and digital filter which allows
overrange excursions of 100 mV.
–10–
REV. 0
AD7729
the RxON bit or the RxON pin high, 36 symbol periods are
allowed for the analog and digital circuitry to settle. An internal
timer then times out a time equal to RxDELAY1.
10
0
–10
–20
When RxDELAY1 has expired, the AD7729 offset calibration
routine begins, assuming the RxAUTOCAL bit in control register BCRA is equal to 1. If RxAUTOCAL equals zero, no calibration occurs and T2 in Figure 16 equals zero. In internal
autocalibration mode, the AD7729 internally disconnects the
differential inputs from the input pins and shorts the inputs to
measure the resulting ADC offset. In external autocalibration
mode, the inputs remain connected to the pins, allowing system
offsets along with the AD7729 internal offsets to be evaluated.
This is then averaged 16 times to reduce noise and the averaged
result is then placed in the offset register. The input to the ADC
is then switched back for normal operation and the analog circuitry and digital filter are permitted to settle. This time period
is included in TCALIBRATE, which equals 40 × 48 MCLK cycles.
GAIN – dB
–30
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
–110
–120
0
50
100
150
200
FREQUENCY – kHz
250
300
Figure 14. Digital Filter Frequency Response
Filter Characteristics
The digital filter is a 288-tap FIR filter, clocked at half the master clock frequency. The 3 dB point is at 96 kHz.
RxON
Due to the low-pass nature of the receive filters, a settling time
is associated with step input functions. Output data will not be
meaningful until all the digital filter taps have been loaded
with data samples taken after the step change. Hence the AD7729
digital filters have a settling time of 44.7 µs (288 × 2t1).
T0
T1 = RxDELAY1 = 0...255 3 48 MCLKs
T2 = TCALIBRATE = 40 3 48 MCLKs
Included in the digital filter is a means by which receive offsets
may be calibrated out. Each channel of the digital low-pass filter
section has an offset register. The offset register can be made to
contain a value representing the dc offset of the preceding analog circuitry. In normal operation, the value stored in the offset
register is subtracted from the filter output data before the data
appears on the serial output pin. By so doing, dc offsets in the I
and Q channels are calibrated out. Autocalibration or usercalibration can be selected. Internal autocalibration will remove
internal offsets only while user calibration allows the user to
write to the offset register in order to also remove external offsets.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
T3
FIRST VALID OUTPUT WORD HERE
T3 = RxDELAY2 = 0...255 3 48 MCLKs
Figure 16. Data Rx Procedure
After calibration is complete, a second timer is started which
times out a time equal to RxDELAY2. The range of both
RxDELAY1 and RxDELAY2 is 0 to 255 units where each unit
equals one bit time. Therefore, the maximum delay time is
255 × 1/270 kHz = 941.55 µs.
As soon as RxDELAY2 has expired, valid output words appear
at the output. The Rx data will be 15 bits wide.
ASDOFS
BSDOFS
The offset registers have enough resolution to hold the value of
any dc offset between ± 162.5 mV (1/8th of the input range).
Offsets larger than ± 162.5 mV will cause a spurious result due to
calibration overrange. However, the performance of the sigmadelta modulators will degrade if full-scale signals with more than
100 mV of offset are experienced. The 10-bit offset register
represents a twos complement value. The LSB of the offset
registers corresponds to Bit 3 of the Rx words while the MSB of
the offset registers corresponds to Bit 12 of the Rx words (see
Figure 15).
9
T2
T0 = TSETTLE = 36 3 48 MCLKs
Receive Offset Calibration
RxDATA 15 14 13 12 11 10
T1
ASDO
BSDO
VALID I DATA
I FLAG
T1
T2
I WORD
VALID Q DATA
T1
Q FLAG
T2
Q WORD
T1 = 16 MCLKs
T2 = 8 MCLKs
Figure 17. ASDO/BSDO in Rx Mode
0
Receive Offset Adjust: User Calibration
OFFSET REGISTER
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Figure 15. Position of the 10-Bit Offset Word
Receive Offset Adjust: Autocalibration
If receive autocalibration is selected, the AD7729 will initiate an
autocalibration routine each time the receive path is brought out
of the low power sleep mode. After RxON is asserted, by taking
REV. 0
When user calibration is selected, the receive offset register can
be written to, allowing offsets in the IF/RF demodulation circuitry to be calibrated out also. However, the user is now responsible for calibrating out receive offsets belonging to the
AD7729. When the receive path enters the low power mode, the
registers remain valid. After powering up, the first IQ sample
pair is output once time has elapsed for both the analog circuitry
to settle and also for the output of the digital filter to settle.
–11–
AD7729
Figure 18 shows a flow diagram for calibration of the receive
section.
0
Voltage Reference
The reference of the AD7729, REFCAP, is a bandgap reference
which provides a low noise, temperature compensated reference
to the IQ receive ADCs and the AUXDAC. The reference is
also made available on the REFOUT pin. The reference has a
value of 1.3 V nominal.
When the AD7729 is powered down, the reference can also be
powered down. Alternatively, by setting bit LP to 1, the reference remains powered up. This is useful as the power-up time
for the receive section and auxiliary converter is reduced since
the reference does not require time to power up and settle.
RxON
1
1
RxAUTOCAL
Baseband and Auxiliary Serial Ports (BSPORT and ASPORT)
0
Both the baseband and auxiliary SPORTs are DSP compatible
serial ports which provide access to the 27 on-chip registers as
illustrated in Table IV.
TSETTLE
1
0
RxEXTCAL
CONNECT ADC INPUTS
Since some registers are accessible over both the auxiliary and
baseband SPORTs, the user can decide which registers will be
accessible over which SPORT, this feature providing maximum
flexibility for the system designer. The user also has the ability
to adjust the frequency of the SCLKs in each SPORT, which is
useful for power dissipation minimization. Furthermore, it is
possible for the user to access all the ADC and AUXDAC control registers over one SPORT, the other SPORT being disabled
by tying its serial port enable (SE) low. This feature is useful
when the user has only one SPORT available for communication with the AD7729.
RxDELAY1
SHORT ADC INPUTS
RESETS TO ZERO
CAN HAVE A VALUE
OF 0...255 3 48 MCLKs
COUNTER RESETS TO 36
(36 3 48 MCLKs) TO ALLOW
FOR FILTER SETTLING TIME
TSETTLE
RxDELAY1
40 348 MCLK
TCALIBRATE
Resetting the AD7729
The pin RESETB resets all the control registers. All registers
except ASCLKRATE and BSCLKRATE are reset to zero. On
reset, ASCLKRATE and BSCLKRATE are set to 4 so that the
frequency of ASCLK and BSCLK is MCLK/8. As well as resetting the control registers using the reset pin, these registers can
be reset using the reset bits in the baseband and auxiliary registers. All the auxiliary registers can be reset by taking the bit
ARESET in control register ACRB high. The baseband registers
can be reset by taking bit BRESET in baseband control register
BCRA high. This is illustrated in Table IV. After resetting, the
bits ARESET and BRESET will reset to zero. A reset using
ARESET or BRESET requires 4 MCLK cycles. The registers
ARDADDR, BRDADDR, ASCLKRATE, and BSCLKRATE
can only be reset using the reset pin RESETB—these registers
cannot be reset using the above mentioned bits. A system reset
(using BRESET) requires eight MCLK cycles.
RxDELAY2
RxREADY
RESETS TO ZERO. CAN HAVE A
VALUE OF 0...255 3 48 MCLKs
Figure 18. Receive Offset Adjust
Auxiliary Control Functions
The AD7729 also contains an auxiliary DAC that may be used
for AGC. This 10-bit DAC consists of high impedance current
sources, designed to operate at very low currents while maintaining its dc accuracy. The DAC is buffered by an output amplifier and allows a load of 10 kΩ.
The DAC has a specified output range of 2 × VREFCAP /32 to 2 ×
VREFCAP. The analog output is:
2 VREFCAP /32 + (2 VREFCAP – 2 VREFCAP /32) × DAC/1023
The functions of the control register bits are summarized in
Table IV to Table X.
where DAC is the 10-bit digital word loaded into the DAC
register.
To perform a conversion, the DAC is first powered up using the
AUXDACON bit in control register ACRA. After power-up,
10 µs are required for the AUXDAC circuitry to settle. The
AUXDAC is loaded by writing to register AUXDAC. When
the AUXDAC is in power-down mode, the AUXDAC register
will retain its contents. When the AUXDAC is reset, the
AUXDAC register will be set to all zeroes, leading to a voltage
of 2 × VREFCAP/32 on the analog output.
–12–
REV. 0
AD7729
Table IV. Baseband and Auxiliary Registers
Name
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
IRxOFFSET
QRxOFFSET
Reserved
Reserved
RxDELAY1
RxDELAY2
ARDADDR
BRDADDR
Reserved
AUXDAC
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
ACRA
ACRB
BCRA
BCRB
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
ASCLKRATE
BSCLKRATE
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Address
000000 (0)
000001 (1)
000010 (2)
000011 (3)
000100 (4)
000101 (5)
000110 (6)
000111 (7)
001000 (8)
001001 (9)
001010 (10)
001011 (11)
001100 (12)
001101 (13)
001110 (14)
001111 (15)
010000 (16)
010001 (17)
010010 (18)
010011 (19)
010100 (20)
010101 (21)
010110 (22)
010111 (23)
011000 (24)
011001 (25)
011010 (26)
BRESET: can be reset using pin RESETB or bit BRESET.
ARESET: can be reset using pin RESETB or bit ARESET.
SRESET: only the pin RESETB can reset these registers.
Reset
Table V. Baseband Control Register A (BCRA)
Bit
Name
Function
BCRA0
MCLKDIV
BCRA1
RxAUTOCAL
BCRA2
RxEXTCAL
BCRA3
RxPOWER0
BCRA4
RxPOWER1
MCLK Divider. When this bit is
set to 0, the internal MCLK has
the same value as the external
MCLK. When this bit equals 1,
the external MCLK is divided by
2 within the AD7729 so that the
device operates at half the external clock frequency.
Selects AutoCal when set to 1
and UserCal when set to 0.
When set to 1, the Rx calibration
operates in external mode i.e.,
the I and Q analog inputs remain
connected to the pins during the
Rx autocalibration routine.
This bit, in conjunction with
RxPOWER1, is used to reduce
the analog current consumption
of the ADCs.
This bit, in conjunction with
RxPOWER0, is used to reduce
the analog current consumption
of the ADCs.
BCRA5
BCRA6
Reserved
RxON
BCRA7
BCRA8
BCRA9
BRESET
Reserved
Reserved
BRESET
BRESET
BRESET
BRESET
SRESET
SRESET
ARESET
ARESET
ARESET
BRESET
BRESET
SRESET
SRESET
Power-on for the receive section
of the AD7729.
Baseband Reset.
Table VI. Power Modes for the ADCs
RxPOWER1
RxPOWER0
AIDD1 Reduction
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Reserved
1/3 (Power Mode 1)
2/5 (Power Mode 2)
Reserved
Bits RxPOWER0 and RxPOWER1 are used to reduce the analog current consumption of the ADCs. The part is specified in
Power Mode 1. In Power Mode 2, the MCLK needs to be less
than 10 MHz. The performance of the part will then be comparable to the performance in Power Mode 1 except that the ADC
current will now be less than 9.5 mA.
Table VII. Receive Section Activation
REV. 0
RxON Pin
RxON Bit
Receive Section
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
OFF
ON
ON
ON
–13–
AD7729
Table VIII. Baseband Control Register B (BCRB)
Bit
Name
BCRB0
BCRB1
BCRB2
BCRB3
BCRB4
Reserved
Reserved
RU
LP
RxSPORTSEL
BCRB5
BCRB6
BCRB7
BCRB8
BCRB9
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
15
Function
Name
ACRA0
ACRA1
ACRA2
ACRA3
ACRA4
ACRA5
ACRA6
ACRA7
ACRA8
ACRA9
Reserved
Reserved
AUXDACON
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 A5
4
3
2
1
0
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
Figure 19. Write Operation Frame Format
REFOUT Use.
Reference Low Power.
Selects the SPORT
that will provide
RxDATA when RxON is
asserted. When set to 0,
the BSPORT is selected
and, when set to 1, the
ASPORT is selected.
Reading Over the Baseband (or Auxiliary) SPORT
To read the contents of a register, the address of the appropriate
register is written to the read address register, ARDADDR or
BRDADDR. The time interval between writing to the read
address register and the frame synchronization signal becoming
active equals 4 MCLK cycles. The read address register is
6 bits wide and Bits D11 to D6 of the input frame are used to
write to this register, Bits D12 to D15 being don’t cares, as
shown in Figure 20. The frame format for reading is identical to
that for writing i.e., 10 bits of data followed by 6 address bits
corresponding to the source address of the data (with the exception of the Rx data).
Table IX. Auxiliary Control Register A (ACRA)
Bit
14
15
14
13
12
X
X
X
X
11
10
9
8
7
6
RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
Figure 20. Writing to the Read Address Register
(BRDADDR Shown Here)
Function
Receiving RxDATA
The Rx ADC is activated by taking either the RxON bit or the
RxON pin high. In this mode, Rx data is automatically output
on the SDO pin of the SPORT at a word rate of 270 kHz for
each of I and Q, after a delay of T1 + T2 + T3 (see Figure 16).
The data format is I followed by Q. The AD7729 will output
16 bits of data, the 15-bit I or Q word, which is in twos complement format, and a flag bit. This flag bit (LSB) distinguishes
between the I and Q words, the bit being at 0 when the word
being output is an I word while this bit is at 1 when the output
is a Q word.
Power On for Auxiliary DAC
Table X. Auxiliary Control Register B (ACRB)
Bit
Name
Function
ACRB0
ACRB1
ACRB2
ACRB3
ACRB4
ACRB5
ACRB6
ACRB7
ACRB8
ACRB9
ARESET
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Resets the Auxiliary Converter
When RxON is taken high, the serial clock will have a frequency
of 13 MHz, irrespective of the value in the clock rate register.
When the AD7729 is ready to output Rx data, an output frame
synchronization signal is generated and the Rx data is automatically output on the SDO pin, an I and Q word being output
every 48 MCLK cycles (see Figure 17). Data can be output on
the ASPORT or the BSPORT, bit RxSPORTSEL in control
register BCRB being used to select the SPORT. Rx data can be
received on one SPORT only, the user cannot interchange from
one SPORT to the other.
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
Writing Over the Baseband (or Auxiliary) SPORT
Writing to and reading from registers via the SPORT involves
the transfer of 16 bit words, 10 bits of data and 6 bits of address
(with the exception of the Rx data). The frame format is as
shown in Figure 19, Bit 15 being the first input bit of the frame.
The destination of the 10-bit data is determined by the 6-bit
destination address as indicated in Figure 19. Note that some
registers are read only and, hence, cannot be written to.
The AD7729 has a standard serial interface which allows the
user to interface the part to several DSPs. In all cases, the
AD7729 operates as the master with the DSP acting as the
slave. The AD7729 provides its own serial clock to clock the
serial data/control information to/from the DSP.
AD7721-to-ADSP-21xx Interface
Figure 21 shows the AD7729 interface to the ADSP-21xx. For
the ADSP-21xx, the bits in the serial port control register
should be set up as TFSR = RFSR = 1 (a frame sync is needed
for each transfer), SLEN = 15 (16-bit word length), TFSW =
RFSW = 0 (normal framing), INVTFS = INVRFS = 0 (active
high frame sync signals), IRFS = 0 (external RFS), ITFS = 1
(internal TFS) and ISCLK = 0 (external serial clock).
–14–
REV. 0
AD7729
Grounding and Layout
ADSP-21xx
Since the analog inputs to the AD7729 are differential, most of
the voltages in the analog modulator are common-mode voltages. The excellent Common-Mode Rejection of the part will
remove common-mode noise on these inputs. The analog and
digital supplies of the AD7729 are independent and separately
pinned out to minimize coupling between analog and digital
sections of the device. The digital filters following the ADCs will
provide rejection of broadband noise on the power supplies,
except at integer multiples of the modulator sampling frequency.
The digital filters also remove noise from the analog inputs
provided the noise source does not saturate the analog modulator. However, because the resolution of the AD7729 ADCs is
high and the noise levels from the AD7729 are so low, care
must be taken with regard to grounding and layout.
AD7729
DR
RFS
SDO
SDOFS
SCLK
SCLK
TFS
SDIFS
DT
SDI
Figure 21. AD7729 to ADSP-21xx Interface
The printed circuit board that houses the AD7729 should be
designed so that the analog and digital sections are separated
and confined to certain sections of the board. This facilitates the
use of ground planes that can be easily separated. A minimum
etch technique is generally best for ground planes as it gives the
best shielding. Digital and analog ground planes should only be
joined in one place. If the AD7729 is the only device requiring
an AGND-to-DGND connection, the ground planes should be
connected at the AGND-and-DGND pins of the AD7729. If
the AD7729 is in a system where multiple devices require AGNDto-DGND connections, the connection should still be made at
one point only, a star ground point that should be established as
close as possible to the AD7729.
AD7729-to-TMS320C5x Interface
Figure 22 shows the interface between the AD7729 and the
TMS320C5x DSP. The TMS320C5x is configured as follows:
MCM = 0 (CLKX is an input), TXM = 1 (the transmit frame
sync signal is generated by the DSP), FSM = 1 (a frame sync is
required for each transfer), FO = 0 (16-bit word length).
TMS320C5x
AD7729
DR
FSR
SDO
SDOFS
CLKR
SCLK
CLKX
FSX
DX
SDIFS
SDI
Figure 22. AD7729 to TMS320C5x Interface
Power-Down
Each section of the AD7729 can be powered down. The Rx
ADCs and the auxiliary DAC can be powered down individually
by setting the appropriate bits in the control registers. When
each section is powered up, time must be allowed so that the
analog and digital circuitry can settle and, also, time is needed
for the reference REFCAP to power up. To reduce this powerup time, Bit LP can be set to 1 so that when the ADCs and
DAC are powered down, the reference REFCAP remains powered up by setting Bit LP to 1. Therefore, because the reference
is powered up, the time needed for circuitry to settle when a
section is powered up is reduced considerably since the reference does not require time to power up and settle.
When all sections of the AD7729 are powered down, including
the reference, the MCLK is stopped after 64 clock periods following the detection of the low power state. The MCLK reactivates when the AD7729 is communicated with, i.e., the SPORTs
are activated, RxON is taken high, etc.
REV. 0
Avoid running digital lines under the device as these will couple
noise onto the die. The analog ground plane should be allowed
to run under the AD7729 to avoid noise coupling. The power
supply lines to the AD7729 should use as large a trace as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the effects of
glitches on the power supply lines. Fast switching signals like
clocks should be shielded with digital ground to avoid radiating
noise to other sections of the board and clock signals should
never be run near the analog inputs. Traces on opposite sides of
the board should run at right angles to each other. This will
reduce the effects of feedthrough through the board. A microstrip
technique is by far the best but is not always possible with a
double-sided board. In this technique, the component side of
the board is dedicated to ground planes while signals are placed
on the other side.
Good decoupling is important when using high speed devices.
All analog and digital supplies should be decoupled to AGND
and DGND respectively with 0.1 µF ceramic capacitors in parallel with 10 µF tantalum capacitors. To achieve the best from
these decoupling capacitors, they should be placed as close as
possible to the device, ideally right up against the device. In
systems where a common supply voltage is used to drive both
the AVDD and DVDD of the AD7729, it is recommended that
the system’s AVDD supply be used. This supply should have
the recommended analog supply decoupling between the AVDD
pins of the AD7729 and AGND and the recommended digital
supply decoupling capacitors between the DVDD pins and
DGND.
–15–
AD7729
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
28-Lead Small Outline (SOIC)
(R-28)
1
14
PIN 1
0.1043 (2.65)
0.0926 (2.35)
0.0500
(1.27)
BSC
0.0118 (0.30)
0.0040 (0.10)
C3319–8–11/98
15
0.4193 (10.65)
0.3937 (10.00)
28
0.2992 (7.60)
0.2914 (7.40)
0.7125 (18.10)
0.6969 (17.70)
0.0291 (0.74)
x 45°
0.0098 (0.25)
8° 0.0500 (1.27)
0.0192 (0.49)
0° 0.0157 (0.40)
SEATING 0.0125 (0.32)
0.0138 (0.35)
PLANE 0.0091 (0.23)
28-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline (TSSOP)
(RU-28)
0.386 (9.80)
0.378 (9.60)
15
0.256 (6.50)
0.246 (6.25)
0.177 (4.50)
0.169 (4.30)
28
1
14
PIN 1
0.006 (0.15)
0.002 (0.05)
0.0256 (0.65)
BSC
0.0118 (0.30)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.0079 (0.20)
0.0035 (0.090)
8°
0°
0.028 (0.70)
0.020 (0.50)
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
SEATING
PLANE
0.0433
(1.10)
MAX
–16–
REV. 0
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