AD9522-3/PCBZ

Evaluation Board User Guide UG-077 One Technology Way • P.O. Box 9106 • Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. • Tel: 781.329.4700 • Fax: 781.461.3113 • www.analog.com AD9522-x Evaluation Board FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION Simple power connection using 6 V wall adapter and on-board LDO voltage regulators LDOs are easily bypassed for power measurements 5 ac-coupled differential LVDS SMA connectors 7 LVDS differential headers for additional outputs SMA connectors for 2 reference inputs Charge pump output Clock distribution input USB connection to PC Microsoft Windows-based evaluation software with simple graphical user interface On-board PLL loop filter Easy access to digital I/O and diagnostic signals via I/O header Status LEDs for diagnostic signals The AD9522-x (hereafter referred to as AD9522) is a very low noise PLL clock synthesizer featuring an integrated VCO, clock dividers, and up to 24 outputs. The AD9522 features automatic holdover and a flexible reference input circuit allowing for very smooth reference clock switching. The AD9522 family also features the necessary provisions for an external VCXO. The AD9522 evaluation board is a compact, easy to use platform for evaluating all features of the AD9522. This user guide covers all six versions of the AD9522 family. Although the Quick Start Guide to the AD9522 PLL section applies specifically to the AD9522-4, increasing the N (feedback) divider and channel divider increases the VCO frequency to the allowable frequency range of other AD9522 versions. For the AD9522-5, which lacks the internal VCO, certain portions of this user guide that apply to the internal VCO (such as VCO calibration) can be ignored. APPLICATIONS For convenience, detailed information from the AD9522 data sheet has been included here. Use this user guide in conjunction with the AD9520 and AD9522 data sheets and software documentation available at www.analog.com. Clocking of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters up to 2.9 GHz Networking and communications line cards Test and measurement equipment Wireless base stations, controllers Clock cleanup/jitter attenuation Clock distribution 08747-001 AD9522 EVALUATION BOARD Figure 1. Please see the last page for an important warning and disclaimers. Rev. 0 | Page 1 of 16 UG-077 Evaluation Board User Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Reference (R) Divider Window ...................................................9 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Feedback (N) Divider Window ................................................ 10 General Description ......................................................................... 1 R and N Delay Window............................................................. 10 AD9522 Evaluation Board ............................................................... 1 Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) Window ............................ 10 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Charge Pump Window .............................................................. 11 Evaluation Board Hardware ............................................................ 3 Zero Delay Window ................................................................... 11 Power and PC Connections ........................................................ 3 VCO Calibration Window ........................................................ 11 Signal Connections ...................................................................... 3 Channel Divider Window ......................................................... 11 Bypassing the Wall Power Supply............................................... 3 Output Driver Window ............................................................. 12 Bypassing the PLL (Clock Distribution Only) ............................. 3 Debug Window ........................................................................... 12 Using an External VCXO ............................................................ 3 Evaluation Software Menu Items.................................................. 13 2 Using I C Serial Port Mode ......................................................... 3 Menu Bar ..................................................................................... 13 Evaluation Board Software .............................................................. 4 File Menu................................................................................. 13 Software Installation .................................................................... 4 I/O Menu ................................................................................. 13 Running the Software .................................................................. 4 View Menu .............................................................................. 13 Quick Start Guide to the AD9522 PLL .......................................... 5 Operational Modes Menu ..................................................... 13 Evaluation Software Components .................................................. 7 Help Menu............................................................................... 13 Main Window ............................................................................... 7 AD9522 PLL Loop Filter ............................................................... 14 PLL Reference Input Window .................................................... 8 PLL Configuration Window (Config PLL) ............................... 8 Using the Evaluation Board to Program an AD9522 on a User Board ................................................................................................ 15 REFMON, STATUS, and LD Buttons ........................................ 9 AD9522 Binary File Generation ................................................... 16 Register W/R Box ......................................................................... 9 Checksum Generation ............................................................... 16 SYNC, PD (Power Down), and RESET Buttons....................... 9 Avoiding Checksum Mismatches ............................................. 16 EEPROM Control Window ........................................................ 9 ESD Caution................................................................................ 16 REVISION HISTORY 1/10—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 16 Evaluation Board User Guide UG-077 EVALUATION BOARD HARDWARE Connect an oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, or other lab equipment to any of the J0 to J9 SMA connectors on the right side of the board. The following instructions are for setting up the physical connections to the AD9522 evaluation board. When connecting the evaluation board to a PC for the first time, the user must install the evaluation software prior to connecting the evaluation board. POWER AND PC CONNECTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. Install the AD9522 evaluation software. Administrative privileges are required for installation. The 64-bit versions of Windows® are not supported. Connect the wall power supply to the main power connector labeled P2. The following five LEDs should be on: CR1 (USBSTAT), CR7 (VS), CR8 (VS-CP), CR9 (VS_USB), and CR10 (VS_DRV). Connect the USB cables to the evaluation board and the computer. The red LED labeled CR2 (VBUS) on the AD9522 evaluation board should illuminate and the CR1 (USBSTAT) LED should start blinking. If the Found New Hardware Wizard window automatically appears when the evaluation board is connected, select Install the software automatically and click Next. The Found New Hardware Wizard window may appear twice, and a system restart may be required. If the USBSTAT LED is not blinking, ensure that:   BYPASSING THE WALL POWER SUPPLY To bypass the wall power supply, remove the following ferrite beads (on the back side of the board): F7, F4, F2, and F6. Then connect a bench power supply to TB1 on the evaluation board. This is useful for making AD9522 power consumption measurements. BYPASSING THE PLL (CLOCK DISTRIBUTION ONLY) To bypass the PLL, connect a signal generator to the SMA connector labeled CLK. By default, this connection is accoupled to the CLK pin and terminated with 50 Ω to ground. Refer to the Evaluation Board Software section for details on running the AD9522 evaluation board software. USING AN EXTERNAL VCXO To use an external VCXO, Refer to the Evaluation Board Software section for details on running the AD9522 evaluation board software.  OUT0 through OUT8 are ac-coupled LVDS outputs. OUT9 through OUT11 are dc-coupled and have no output termination, and allow the user to evaluate the AD9522 output driver in CMOS mode. To use OUT9 through OUT11 in LVDS mode, the user must replace the 0 Ω resistors with 0.1 μF capacitors. Jumpers are installed on Position S1 and on the SPI position of S2. The jumper on S4 is across the center pin and the minus symbol. The USB port on PC is operational and that the USB cable is not damaged. SIGNAL CONNECTIONS To connect signals, connect a signal generator to the J10 SMA connector. By default, the reference inputs on this evaluation board are ac-coupled and terminated 50 Ω to ground. An amplitude setting of 0 dBm to 6 dBm is fine. If the user wishes to connect a signal to REF2, connect that signal to the J13 SMA connector. DC-coupling is recommended in applications requiring automatic hitless reference switching. There is a possibility that the AD9522 receive buffer can chatter when an ac-coupled clock stops toggling. 1. 2. 3. Install a 0 Ω resistor at R9 and remove R8. Connect a loop filter and external VCO/VCXO input to J12. Connect the external VCO/VCXO output to the J11 SMA connector (CLK input). USING I2C SERIAL PORT MODE To use I2C serial port mode, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 16 Move Jumper S2 to the center and left (I2C) pins. Move Jumper W1 to the center and left (I2C) pins. Select the desired I2C address using Jumper S5 and Jumper S6. Note that S5 = S6 = high is reserved for SPI mode. On the evaluation software, select Configure Serial Port from the I/O menu (see Figure 24). Click Reset Serial Port, and then click Detect Current Configuration. A dialog box appears and acknowledges the I2C mode and address. UG-077 Evaluation Board User Guide EVALUATION BOARD SOFTWARE Use the following instructions to set up the AD9522 evaluation board software. See the Evaluation Board Hardware section for information on connecting the evaluation board. SOFTWARE INSTALLATION If the evaluation board is connected while the evaluation software is running, the following window appears to prompt you to load the evaluation board with the evaluation software settings or read the evaluation board settings into the software. Do not connect the evaluation board until the software installation is complete. 1. 2. 3. Insert the AD9522 evaluation software CD-ROM. The evaluation software and documentation can also be downloaded from www.analog.com. If using the CD, double-click My Computer, and then double-click the AD9522EV CD icon. A window opens showing the contents of the CD divided into four sections: Datasheet, Layout, Schematic, and Software. Doubleclick the Software folder. Check www.analog.com for any updates to the evaluation software. Double-click AD9522Eval_Setup1.1.0.exe. Follow the installation instructions. The default location for the evaluation software is C:\Program Files\Analog Devices\ AD9522 Eval Software\. 08747-002 RUNNING THE SOFTWARE Power up and connect the evaluation board to the PC. See the Evaluation Board Hardware section for details on the various connectors on the evaluation board. 2. Double-click AD9522 Eval Software to run the AD9522 evaluation software. Depending on whether the evaluation board was found by the software, either light blue text appears in a pop-up window, indicating that the evaluation board was found, or red text appears, indicating that the evaluation board was not found. If the evaluation board is found, click anywhere in the popup window with the Evaluation Software Ready message, and the main window for the software appears. Proceed to the Evaluation Software Components section for details about running the software. If the evaluation board is not found, a dialog box appears allowing you to select which AD9522-x evaluation board is connected while the software runs in standalone mode. Standalone mode is useful for viewing and generating register setup files. If the evaluation board was not automatically detected when it was connected, you can also select the Select Evaluation Board option from the I/O menu (see Figure 24), and select EZSSP-0, EZSSP-1, or EZSSP-2. 08747-003 1. Figure 2. SYNC Evaluation Software Figure 3. Select USB Device See the Evaluation Software Components section for a description of the evaluation software features, or the Quick Start Guide to the AD9522 PLL section for details on the individual blocks of the AD9522. Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 16 Evaluation Board User Guide UG-077 QUICK START GUIDE TO THE AD9522 PLL When the evaluation software is installed, the evaluation board is connected, and the software is loaded, use the following steps to configure and lock the PLL. These steps assume that the input signal is present, the evaluation board has not been modified, and that the PLL loop filter is suitable for the user’s application. This quick start guide covers only simple PLL operation to start the PLL. See the AD9522 data sheet and the Evaluation Software Components section for a detailed explanation of the various AD9522 features. The following case is an example for the AD9522-4, using the values in Table 1. Table 1. 3. 4. Turn the PLL on by selecting Normal Op from the PLL MODE box found at the top of the main window (see Figure 8). Enter the intended reference input frequency (in megahertz) in the REF 1 (MHz) box at the upper left corner of the main window. Click the triangular buffer symbol immediately to the right of the input reference frequency (see Figure 4) to load the Reference Input Control window shown in Figure 5. Turn the REF1 reference input buffer on by selecting the Enable REF 1 check box, and then clicking OK. 5. When the window closes, the WRITE button under the Register W/R control section in Figure 8 blinks red. This indicates that there are settings that have not been loaded to the AD9522 evaluation board. Click the blinking red WRITE button to load these settings to the evaluation board. Select the VCO as the input to the clock distribution circuitry by clicking the mux symbol that is located immediately to the right of the VCO (MHz) box (see Figure 6). 08747-006 2. Figure 5. AD9522 Reference Input Control Window 08747-004 1. Value 19.44 MHz on REF1 148.5 MHz 72 270 kHz 5500 1485 MHz 2 5 08747-005 Parameter Input Frequency Output Frequency Reference Divider Phase Detector Frequency Feedback Divider VCO Frequency VCO Divider Channel Divider Figure 6. Buffer Symbol Figure 4. Buffer Symbol When the VCO is selected, the border of the VCO (MHz) box changes from gray to black. The current VCO frequency is shown in the VCO (MHz) box. Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 16 UG-077 Evaluation Board User Guide 08747-007 Program the R (reference) divider by clicking the R DIVIDER box at the top of the main window. Set the desired value (72, in this case) and click OK (see Figure 13). 7. Program the N (feedback) divider by clicking the N DIVIDER box at the top of the main window. Set the desired value and click OK. For this example, N = 5500 can use 8/9 dual modulus mode with A = 4 and B = 687. 8. Set the charge pump current (1.2 mA in this case) by clicking the CHARGE PUMP box in the upper right corner of the main window, and then click OK. 9. Note that if the desired configuration has the phase detector frequency above 50 MHz, an antibacklash pulse width of 1.3 ns may work better. This setting is accessed by clicking the PFD box to the left of the CHARGE PUMP box. However, this setting normally does not need to be modified. 10. Set the VCO divider by clicking the green VCO box in the center of the main window, immediately to the left of the Cal VCO button. 11. Power down unused drivers by clicking the numbered triangular symbol on the right side of the main window (see Figure 7), and then clicking Power Down (Off) in the output driver window (see Figure 21). Unused drivers that are not powered down can be a source of unwanted noise in the output signals. 6. Figure 7. Driver Symbol 12. Set the channel dividers by clicking DIVIDER 0 through DIVIDER 3, and entering the divider ratio. 13. Click the flashing red WRITE button under the REGISTER W/R control section. This loads the desired settings to the AD9522 evaluation board. 14. Click the blinking yellow Cal VCO button to load the VCO calibration window. The default VCO divide ratio (16) works for all applications. Click the Cal VCO button in the Calibrate VCO window to begin calibration (see Figure 19). The PLL should now be locked and the LD (lock detect) LED on the left side of the board should be on. Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 16 Evaluation Board User Guide UG-077 EVALUATION SOFTWARE COMPONENTS 08747-008 MAIN WINDOW Figure 8. AD9522 Evaluation Software Main Window Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 16 UG-077 Evaluation Board User Guide The AD9522 evaluation software is composed of subsections that correspond to the AD9522’s major functional blocks. These subsections are listed in the following sections, and each of these has its own window. From the main window, each functional block can be accessed by clicking that block in the main window. Select Enable REF 1, or Enable REF 2, or both to enable the appropriate reference input, and click OK when finished. If a differential input is used, select the Use Differential Ref Mode (Unchecked = Single-Ended Mode) check box. Note that this mode should not be used simultaneously with Enable REF 1 or Enable REF 2. When a subwindow closes after clicking OK, the WRITE box on the main window (under the REGISTER W/R control section) may blink red. This indicates that there are settings that have not been loaded to the AD9522 evaluation board. Clicking the blinking red WRITE box loads these settings to the evaluation board. If Disable Switchover De-Glitch is activated, the AD9522 maintains the phase relationship between the active input and PLL output during a reference switchover. Otherwise, the AD9522 minimizes the phase disturbance at the output during a reference switchover. PLL REFERENCE INPUT WINDOW Enable XTAL Oscillator should be selected if you intend to connect a crystal to the reference input. Enable PLL CMOS Ref Input DC Offset forces the dc bias point of the single-ended reference input to be different from the switching point, and is useful for preventing an ac-coupled input from chattering when the reference input is lost. 08747-010 08747-009 PLL CONFIGURATION WINDOW (CONFIG PLL) Figure 9. AD9522 Reference Input Control Window The reference input control window is shown in Figure 9, and is accessed by clicking either of the triangular buffer symbols immediately to the right of the REF 1 (MHz) and REF 2 (MHz) input reference frequency boxes (see Figure 10). Figure 11. AD9522 PLL Configuration Window The PLL configuration window shown in Figure 11 has three sections. This window is opened by clicking the Config PLL button on the main window. 08747-027 The SyncB Counter Reset Mode section indicates whether the R, A, and B counters are reset when the SYNC pin is activated, and controls 0x019[7:6]. See the AD9522 data sheet for more details. Figure 10. Buffer Symbol This window is used to enable the PLL reference inputs, which are powered down by default. The PLL Status Registers section allows you to see the current value of the read-only PLL status register, Address 0x01F. This function is very useful for ensuring that the AD9522 VCO has finished VCO calibration and that the PLL is locked. The Settings section controls the various PLL settings such as holdover. The AD9522 data sheet describes these functions in detail. Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 16 Evaluation Board User Guide UG-077 REFMON, STATUS, AND LD BUTTONS EEPROM CONTROL WINDOW 08747-011 These three blue buttons allow you to select which signals appear at the REFMON, STATUS, and LD pins at Connector P1. Connector P1 is located in the center of the evaluation board. The pins in the left column of Connector P1 are ground pins, and the ones in the right column are signal pins. There are many useful diagnostic signals available at these pins. The R divider output is particularly useful. In the example used in the Quick Start Guide to the AD9522 PLL section, the 80 kHz signal is visible on the STATUS pin to ensure that the reference inputs and R divider are working properly. The EEPROM control window shown in Figure 12 is accessed by clicking the EEPROM button near the lower left corner of the main window. Dynamic signals (such as the R divider output) are primarily intended for diagnostics. These diagnostic signals may adversely affect PLL performance in critical applications if left on in normal operation. To store the current register settings of the AD9522 to the EEPROM, click the Program EEPROM button. Check the EEPROM Status Registers section on the right side of the window to verify that the operation is successful. REGISTER W/R BOX To load the values stored in the EEPROM, ensure that the EEPROM pin is pulled high and reset the AD9522. The REGISTER W/R (write/read) box has three buttons and three check boxes. The WRITE button transfers the values stored in the evaluation software to the evaluation board. It blinks red when register values have changed. The READ button transfers the values stored in the evaluation board to the evaluation software. Figure 12. AD9522 EEPROM Control Window The EEPROM pin is pulled high by placing the S4 EEPROM jumper located in the lower left corner of the evaluation board across the center and right (high) pin. You can reset the AD9522 by clicking the red RESET button in the low left corner of the main window, and selecting Strobe ResetB. REFERENCE (R) DIVIDER WINDOW The UPDATE button issues an I/O update command by writing 0x01 to Register 0x232. Selecting the All check box transfers all of the registers when the WRITE button is clicked. When this box is cleared, only the registers whose value has changed are written. Selecting the Auto check box adjacent to the UPDATE box forces the evaluation software to issue an I/O update command whenever registers are written to the AD9522. SYNC, PD (POWER DOWN), AND RESET BUTTONS The SYNC, PD, and RESET buttons allow you to control these pins on the AD9522. Each button has three options: Strobe, Latch, and Release. Strobe activates the pin, and then releases it. Latch holds the pin active until the Release command is issued. 08747-012 Selecting the Auto check box adjacent to the WRITE box forces the evaluation software to write the register changes to the evaluation board automatically when they occur. Figure 13. AD9522 Reference Divider Window The R divider window shown in Figure 13 is accessed by clicking the R DIVIDER box. It allows you to set the reference divider. If this box is colored gray, the PLL is off. To turn the PLL on, click the PLL MODE box at the top of the main window, and select Norm Op. The R Divider window has a check box for holding the R divider in reset. When the R divider is held in reset, the PLL loop is opened. Therefore, this feature is seldom used. The reference input path also has a reference multiply-by-2 X2 box that controls the reference clock doubler. This frequency doubler can be used to double the phase detector frequency of the PLL, and is described in detail in the AD9522 data sheet. Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 16 UG-077 Evaluation Board User Guide R AND N DELAY WINDOW 08747-014 08747-013 FEEDBACK (N) DIVIDER WINDOW Figure 14. AD9522 Reference Divider Window The reference divider window shown in Figure 14 is accessed by clicking the N DIVIDER box. It allows you to set the feedback divider. If this box is colored gray, the PLL is off. To turn the PLL on, click the PLL MODE box at the top of the main window, and select Norm Op. The various modes of the N divider are described in detail in the AD9522 data sheet. For most applications, the 8/9 or 16/17 dual modulus modes are used. For applications requiring a divider value larger than 131,119, the 32/33 mode is provided. Different applications require different settings, and you can experiment with the different settings. Figure 15. AD9522 N Delay Window The N delay window shown in Figure 15 is accessed by clicking the N DELAY box on the main window. The R DELAY box is identical to the N DELAY box. These delay settings, which are most often used in zero delay mode, allow you to vary the static phase offset of the PLL. PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR (PFD) WINDOW The feedback divider window has a check box for holding the N divider in reset. When the N divider is held in reset, the PLL is open. Therefore, this feature is seldom used. 08747-015 The evaluation software has internal checking to ensure that invalid settings are not programmed. For example, the B counter must always be larger than the A counter. Another restriction is that 8/9 dual modulus mode cannot be used for VCO frequencies greater than 2400 MHz. In cases where a feedback divider restriction cannot be resolved, you may need to adjust the R (reference) divider to allow a different feedback divider value. For example, it is not possible to use the internal VCO, and a feedback divider of 30. However, the R divider can be doubled, which allows a feedback divider of 60. Figure 16. AD9522 Phase Frequency Detector Window The phase frequency detector window shown in Figure 16 is accessed by clicking the PFD box on the main window. The features accessible in this window are described in detail in the AD9522 data sheet. The most commonly used settings are the Anti-Backlash Pulse Width and the Lock Detect Counter. For phase detector frequencies greater than 50 MHz, the PLL may work better with the 1.3 ns antibacklash pulse width setting. Setting the Lock Detect Counter to values greater than 5 PFD cycles can be useful in applications where the loop bandwidth is low and the lock detect counter chatters during acquisition. Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 16 Evaluation Board User Guide UG-077 VCO CALIBRATION WINDOW 08747-016 08747-018 CHARGE PUMP WINDOW Figure 19. AD9522 VCO Calibration Window Figure 17. AD9522 Charge Pump Window The VCO calibration window shown in Figure 19 is accessed by clicking the Cal VCO button on the main window. The Charge Pump Setup window shown in Figure 17 is accessed by clicking the CHARGE PUMP box on the main window. This window is most often used to vary the charge pump current. The window also has a check box for setting the charge pump voltage to VCP/2, which is very useful for debugging the PLL and isolating the output driver section of the AD9522 from the PLL section. ZERO DELAY WINDOW A valid reference input signal must be present to complete VCO calibration, and the VCO must be recalibrated any time the VCO frequency changes by more than 40 MHz. A VCO divider of 16 is suitable for all applications. However, for applications where the phase detector frequency is