ADP2108

Compact, 600 mA, 3 MHz, Step-Down DC-to-DC Converter ADP2108 FEATURES Peak efficiency: 95% 3 MHz fixed frequency operation Typical quiescent current: 18 μA Maximum load current: 600 mA Input voltage: 2.3 V to 5.5 V Uses tiny multilayer inductors and capacitors Current mode architecture for fast load and line transient response 100% duty cycle low dropout mode Internal synchronous rectifier Internal compensation Internal soft start Current overload protection Thermal shutdown protection Shutdown supply current: 0.2 μA 5-ball WLCSP GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADP2108 is a high efficiency, low quiescent current stepdown dc-to-dc converter in an ultrasmall 5-ball WLCSP package. The total solution requires only three tiny external components. It uses a proprietary, high speed current mode, constant frequency PWM control scheme for excellent stability and transient response. To ensure the longest battery life in portable applications, the ADP2108 has a power save mode that reduces the switching frequency under light load conditions. The ADP2108 runs on input voltages of 2.3 V to 5.5 V, which allows for single lithium or lithium polymer cell, multiple alkaline or NiMH cell, PCMCIA, USB, and other standard power sources. The maximum load current of 600 mA is achievable across the input voltage range. The ADP2108 is available in fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 3.0 V, 2.5 V, 2.3 V, 1.82 V, 1.8 V, 1.5 V, 1.3 V, 1.2 V, 1.1 V, and 1.0 V. All versions include an internal power switch and synchronous rectifier for minimal external part count and high efficiency. The ADP2108 has an internal soft start and is internally compensated. During logic controlled shutdown, the input is disconnected from the output and the ADP2108 draws less than 1 μA from the input source. Other key features include undervoltage lockout to prevent deep battery discharge and soft start to prevent input current overshoot at startup. The ADP2108 is available in a 5-ball WLCSP. APPLICATIONS PDAs and palmtop computers Wireless handsets Digital audio, portable media players Digital cameras, GPS navigation units TYPICAL APPLICATIONS CIRCUIT ADP2108 2.3V TO 5.5V VIN 4.7µF OFF ON EN FB 07375-003 1µH SW 1.0V TO 3.3V 10µF GND Figure 1. Rev. A Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADP2108 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Typical Applications Circuit............................................................ 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4 Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 4 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 4 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 5 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 11 Control Scheme .......................................................................... 11 PWM Mode ................................................................................. 11 Power Save Mode........................................................................ 11 Enable/Shutdown ....................................................................... 11 Short-Circuit Protection............................................................ 12 Undervoltage Lockout ............................................................... 12 Thermal Protection .................................................................... 12 Soft Start ...................................................................................... 12 Current Limit .............................................................................. 12 100% Duty Operation ................................................................ 12 Applications Information .............................................................. 13 External Component Selection ................................................ 13 Thermal Considerations............................................................ 14 PCB Layout Guidelines.............................................................. 14 Evaluation Board ............................................................................ 15 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 16 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 16 REVISION HISTORY 12/08—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to Figure 4 .......................................................................... 6 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 16 9/08—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 16 ADP2108 SPECIFICATIONS VIN = 3.6 V, VOUT = 1.8 V, TJ = −40°C to +125°C for minimum/maximum specifications, and TA = 25°C for typical specifications, unless otherwise noted. 1 Table 1. Parameter INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Range Undervoltage Lockout Threshold OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Accuracy POWER SAVE MODE TO PWM CURRENT THRESHOLD PWM TO POWER SAVE MODE CURRENT THRESHOLD INPUT CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS DC Operating Current Shutdown Current SW CHARACTERISTICS SW On Resistance Current Limit ENABLE CHARACTERISTICS EN Input High Threshold EN Input Low Threshold EN Input Leakage Current OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY START-UP TIME THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Thermal Shutdown Threshold Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 1 Test Conditions/Comments Min 2.3 Typ Max 5.5 2.3 2.25 +2 +2.5 Unit V V V % % mA mA VIN rising VIN falling PWM mode VIN = 2.3 V to 5.5 V, PWM mode 2.05 −2 −2.5 2.15 85 80 ILOAD = 0 mA, device not switching EN = 0 V, TA = TJ = −40°C to +85°C PFET NFET PFET switch peak current limit 18 0.2 320 300 1300 30 1.0 μA μA mΩ mΩ mA V V μA MHz μs °C °C 1100 1.2 1500 EN = 0 V, 3.6 V ILOAD = 200 mA −1 2.5 0 3.0 0.4 +1 3.5 550 150 20 All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard statistical quality control (SQC). Rev. A | Page 3 of 16 ADP2108 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter VIN, EN FB, SW to GND Operating Ambient Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature Range Soldering (10 sec) Vapor Phase (60 sec) Infrared (15 sec) ESD Human Body Model ESD Charged Device Model ESD Machine Model Rating −0.4 V to +6.5 V −1.0 V to (VIN + 0.2 V) −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +125°C −65°C to +150°C −65°C to +150°C 300°C 215°C 220°C ±1500 V ±500 V ±100 V THERMAL RESISTANCE θJA is specified for a device mounted on a JEDEC 2S2P PCB. Table 3. Thermal Resistance Package Type 5-Ball WLCSP θJA 105 Unit °C/W ESD CAUTION Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Rev. A | Page 4 of 16 ADP2108 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS BALL A1 INDICATOR 1 VIN A SW B EN C FB 2 GND Figure 2. Pin Configuration Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. A1 A2 B C1 C2 Mnemonic VIN GND SW EN FB Description Power Source Input. VIN is the source of the PFET high-side switch. Bypass VIN to GND with a 2.2 μF or greater capacitor as close to the ADP2108 as possible. Ground. Connect all the input and output capacitors to GND. Switch Node Output. SW is the drain of the PFET switch and NFET synchronous rectifier. Enable Input. Drive EN high to turn on the ADP2108. Drive EN low to turn it off and reduce the input current to 0.2 μA. Feedback Input of the Error Amplifier. Connect FB to the output of the switching regulator. Rev. A | Page 5 of 16 07375-002 TOP VIEW (BALL SIDE DOWN) Not to Scale ADP2108 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 3.6 V, TA = 25°C, VEN = VIN, unless otherwise noted. 24 +85°C 22 1400 1300 1200 20 QUIESCENT CURRENT (µA) CURRENT LIMIT (mA) +25°C 1100 1000 900 800 18 –40°C 16 14 700 600 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 3. Quiescent Supply Current vs. Input Voltage 3500 3400 3300 07375-014 Figure 6. PMOS Current Limit vs. Input Voltage 0.15 0.14 0.13 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) FREQUENCY (kHz) 3200 3100 3000 2900 2800 2700 2600 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.3 07375-015 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 2.5 +85°C –40°C PWM TO PSM PSM TO PWM –40°C +25°C +85°C 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 4. Switching Frequency vs. Input Voltage 1.840 IOUT = 10mA 1.835 1.830 Figure 7. Mode Transition Across Temperature 0.15 0.14 0.13 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.825 1.820 1.815 1.810 1.805 1.800 –25 –5 15 IOUT = 150mA OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 PSM TO PWM PWM TO PSM IOUT = 500mA 35 55 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 5. Output Voltage vs. Temperature Figure 8. Mode Transition Rev. A | Page 6 of 16 07375-019 07375-016 1.795 –45 0.06 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 07375-018 2500 2.3 07375-017 12 2.5 ADP2108 1.825 100 90 1.815 80 VIN = 2.7V VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.5V VIN = 5.5V 70 EFFICIENCY (%) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.805 60 50 40 30 VIN = 2.7V VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.5V VIN = 5.5V 1.795 1.785 20 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 07375-020 0.01 0.1 1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 9. Load Regulation, VOUT = 1.8 V 1.025 1.020 1.015 VIN = 2.7V VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.5V VIN = 5.5V Figure 12. Efficiency, VOUT = 1.8 V 100 90 80 70 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.010 1.005 1.000 0.995 EFFICIENCY (%) 60 50 40 30 20 VIN = 2.7V VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.5V VIN = 5.5V 0.990 0.985 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 07375-021 0.01 0.1 1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 10. Load Regulation, VOUT = 1.0 V 100 90 3.3575 Figure 13. Efficiency, VOUT = 1.0 V 3.3775 80 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.3375 3.3175 3.2975 3.2775 3.2575 3.2375 3.2175 70 EFFICIENCY (%) VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.5V VIN = 5.5V VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.5V VIN = 5.5V 60 50 40 30 20 10 07375-022 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.01 0.1 1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 11. Load Regulation, VOUT = 3.3 V Figure 14. Efficiency, VOUT = 3.3 V Rev. A | Page 7 of 16 07375-025 0 0.001 07375-024 0 0.001 07375-023 1.775 0 0.001 ADP2108 VIN 3 3 VIN SW SW 4 4 VOUT 1 07375-026 1 VOUT 07375-029 CH1 50mV CH3 1V CH4 2V M 40µs T 10.80% A CH3 3.26V CH1 50mV CH3 1V CH4 2V M 40µs T 10.80% A CH3 4.4V Figure 15. Line Transient, VOUT = 1.8 V, Power Save Mode, 20 mA Figure 18. Line Transient, VOUT = 3.3 V, PWM, 200 mA SW VIN 4 SW 1 3 4 VOUT VOUT 07375-027 2 IOUT 07375-030 1 CH1 20mV CH3 1V CH4 2V M 40µs T 10.80% A CH3 3.26V CH1 50mV CH2 200mA Ω CH4 2V M 40µs T 19.80% A CH2 36mA Figure 16. Line Transient, VOUT = 1.8 V, PWM, 200 mA Figure 19. Load Transient, VOUT = 1.8 V, 300 mA to 600 mA VIN 4 SW SW 1 3 4 VOUT IOUT VOUT 1 07375-028 2 07375-031 CH1 50mV CH3 1V CH4 2V M 40µs T 10.80% A CH3 3.26V CH1 50mV CH2 250mA CH4 2V M 40µs T 25.4% A CH2 5mA Figure 17. Line Transient, VOUT = 1.0 V, PWM, 200 mA Figure 20. Load Transient, VOUT = 1.8 V, 50 mA to 300 mA Rev. A | Page 8 of 16 ADP2108 SW 4 SW 4 VOUT 1 IL 2 IOUT 2 1 3 VOUT EN 07375-035 CH1 50mV CH2 50mA Ω CH4 2V M 40µs T 25.4% A CH2 12mA 07375-032 CH1 500mV CH2 500mA CH3 5V CH4 5V M 40µs T 19.80% A CH3 2.1V Figure 21. Load Transient, VOUT = 1.8 V, 5 mA to 50 mA Figure 24. Start-Up, VOUT = 1.0 V, 600 mA SW 4 SW 4 IL 2 2 IL VOUT 1 3 EN VOUT 1 3 EN 07375-033 CH1 1V CH3 5V CH2 250mA CH4 5V M 40µs T 10.80% A CH3 2V CH1 2V CH3 5V CH2 250mA CH4 5V M 40µs T 10.80% A CH3 2V Figure 22. Start-Up, VOUT = 1.8 V, 400 mA Figure 25. Start-Up, VOUT = 3.3 V, 150 mA SW 4 SW 4 2 IL IL VOUT 2 1 3 EN 1 VOUT 07375-034 07375-037 CH1 1V CH3 5V CH2 250mA CH4 5V M 40µs T 10.80% A CH3 2V CH1 50mV CH2 500mA CH4 2V M 2µs T 20% A CH4 2.64mA Figure 23. Start-Up, VOUT = 1.8 V, 5 mA Figure 26. Typical Power Save Mode Waveform, 50 mA Rev. A | Page 9 of 16 07375-036 ADP2108 SW 4 IL 2 1 VOUT 07375-038 CH1 20mV CH2 200mA CH4 2V M 200ns T 20% A CH4 2.64V Figure 27. Typical PWM Waveform, 200 mA Rev. A | Page 10 of 16 ADP2108 THEORY OF OPERATION GM ERROR AMP PWM COMP VIN SOFT START ILIMIT FB PSM COMP PWM/ LOW PSM CONTROL CURRENT SW OSCILLATOR UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT DRIVER AND ANTISHOOTTHROUGH GND EN Figure 28. Functional Block Diagram The ADP2108 is a step-down dc-to-dc converter that uses a fixed frequency and high speed current mode architecture. The high switching frequency and tiny 5-ball WLCSP package allow for a small step-down dc-to-dc converter solution. The ADP2108 operates with an input voltage of 2.3 V to 5.5 V and regulates an output voltage down to 1.0 V. POWER SAVE MODE The ADP2108 smoothly transitions to the power save mode of operation when the load current decreases below the power save mode current threshold. When the ADP2108 enters power save mode, an offset is induced in the PWM regulation level, which makes the output voltage rise. When the output voltage reaches a level approximately 1.5% above the PWM regulation level, PWM operation is turned off. At this point, both power switches are off, and the ADP2108 enters an idle mode. COUT discharges until VOUT falls to the PWM regulation voltage, at which point the device drives the inductor to make VOUT rise again to the upper threshold. This process is repeated while the load current is below the power save mode current threshold. CONTROL SCHEME The ADP2108 operates with a fixed frequency, current mode PWM control architecture at medium to high loads for high efficiency, but shifts to a power save mode control scheme at light loads to lower the regulation power losses. When operating in fixed frequency PWM mode, the duty cycle of the integrated switches is adjusted and regulates the output voltage. When operating in power save mode at light loads, the output voltage is controlled in a hysteretic manner, with higher VOUT ripple. During part of this time, the converter is able to stop switching and enters an idle mode, which improves conversion efficiency. Power Save Mode Current Threshold The power save mode current threshold is set to 80 mA. The ADP2108 employs a scheme that enables this current to remain accurately controlled, independent of VIN and VOUT levels. This scheme also ensures that there is very little hysteresis between the power save mode current threshold for entry to and exit from the power save mode. The power save mode current threshold is optimized for excellent efficiency over all load currents. PWM MODE In PWM mode, the ADP2108 operates at a fixed frequency of 3 MHz, set by an internal oscillator. At the start of each oscillator cycle, the PFET switch is turned on, sending a positive voltage across the inductor. Current in the inductor increases until the current sense signal crosses the peak inductor current threshold that turns off the PFET switch and turns on the NFET synchronous rectifier. This sends a negative voltage across the inductor, causing the inductor current to decrease. The synchronous rectifier stays on for the rest of the cycle. The ADP2108 regulates the output voltage by adjusting the peak inductor current threshold. ENABLE/SHUTDOWN The ADP2108 starts operation with soft start when the EN pin is toggled from logic low to logic high. Pulling the EN pin low forces the device into shutdown mode, reducing the shutdown current below 1 μA. Rev. A | Page 11 of 16 07375-001 ADP2108 THERMAL SHUTDOWN ADP2108 SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION The ADP2108 includes frequency foldback to prevent output current runaway on a hard short. When the voltage at the feedback pin falls below half the target output voltage, indicating the possibility of a hard short at the output, the switching frequency is reduced to half the internal oscillator frequency. The reduction in the switching frequency allows more time for the inductor to discharge, preventing a runaway of output current. After the EN pin is driven high, internal circuits start to power up. The time required to settle after the EN pin is driven high is called the power-up time. After the internal circuits are powered up, the soft start ramp is initiated and the output capacitor is charged linearly until the output voltage is in regulation. The time required for the output voltage to ramp is called the soft start time. Start-up time in the ADP2108 is the measure of when the output is in regulation after the EN pin is driven high. Start-up time consists of the power-up time and the soft start time. UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT To protect against battery discharge, undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuitry is integrated on the ADP2108. If the input voltage drops below the 2.15 V UVLO threshold, the ADP2108 shuts down, and both the power switch and the synchronous rectifier turn off. When the voltage rises above the UVLO threshold, the soft start period is initiated, and the part is enabled. CURRENT LIMIT The ADP2108 has protection circuitry to limit the amount of positive current flowing through the PFET switch and the synchronous rectifier. The positive current limit on the power switch limits the amount of current that can flow from the input to the output. The negative current limit prevents the inductor current from reversing direction and flowing out of the load. THERMAL PROTECTION In the event that the ADP2108 junction temperature rises above 150°C, the thermal shutdown circuit turns off the converter. Extreme junction temperatures can be the result of high current operation, poor circuit board design, or high ambient temperature. A 20°C hysteresis is included so that when thermal shutdown occurs, the ADP2108 does not return to operation until the on-chip temperature drops below 130°C. When coming out of thermal shutdown, soft start is initiated. 100% DUTY OPERATION With a drop in VIN or with an increase in ILOAD, the ADP2108 reaches a limit where, even with the PFET switch on 100% of the time, VOUT drops below the desired output voltage. At this limit, the ADP2108 smoothly transitions to a mode where the PFET switch stays on 100% of the time. When the input conditions change again and the required duty cycle falls, the ADP2108 immediately restarts PWM regulation without allowing overshoot on VOUT. SOFT START The ADP2108 has an internal soft start function that ramps the output voltage in a controlled manner upon startup, thereby limiting the inrush current. This prevents possible input voltage drops when a battery or a high impedance power source is connected to the input of the converter. Rev. A | Page 12 of 16 ADP2108 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION EXTERNAL COMPONENT SELECTION Trade-offs between performance parameters such as efficiency and transient response can be made by varying the choice of external components in the applications circuit, as shown in Figure 1. Y5V and Z5U dielectrics are not recommended for use with any dc-to-dc converter because of their poor temperature and dc bias characteristics. The worst-case capacitance accounting for capacitor variation over temperature, component tolerance, and voltage is calculated using the following equation: CEFF = COUT × (1 − TEMPCO) × (1 − TOL) where: CEFF is the effective capacitance at the operating voltage. TEMPCO is the worst-case capacitor temperature coefficient. TOL is the worst-case component tolerance. In this example, the worst-case temperature coefficient (TEMPCO) over −40°C to +85°C is assumed to be 15% for an X5R dielectric. The tolerance of the capacitor (TOL) is assumed to be 10%, and COUT is 9.2481 μF at 1.8 V, as shown in Figure 29. Substituting these values in the equation yields CEFF = 9.2481 μF × (1 − 0.15) × (1 − 0.1) = 7.0747 μF To guarantee the performance of the ADP2108, it is imperative that the effects of dc bias, temperature, and tolerances on the behavior of the capacitors be evaluated for each application. 12 Inductor The high switching frequency of the ADP2108 allows for the selection of small chip inductors. For best performance, use inductor values between 0.7 μH and 3 μH. Recommended inductors are shown in Table 5. The peak-to-peak inductor current ripple is calculated using the following equation: I RIPPLE = VOUT × (VIN − VOUT ) VIN × f SW × L where: fSW is the switching frequency. L is the inductor value. The minimum dc current rating of the inductor must be greater than the inductor peak current. The inductor peak current is calculated using the following equation: I PEAK I = I LOAD( MAX ) + RIPPLE 2 CAPACITANCE (µF) 10 Inductor conduction losses are caused by the flow of current through the inductor, which has an associated internal DCR. Larger sized inductors have smaller DCR, which may decrease inductor conduction losses. Inductor core losses are related to the magnetic permeability of the core material. Because the ADP2108 is a high switching frequency dc-to-dc converter, shielded ferrite core material is recommended for its low core losses and low EMI. Table 5. Suggested 1.0 μH Inductors Vendor Murata Murata Coilcraft Toko TDK Model LQM21PN1R0M LQM31PN1R0M LPS3010-102 MDT2520-CN CPL2512T Dimensions 2.0 × 1.25 × 0.5 3.2 × 1.6 × 0.85 3.0 × 3.0 × 0.9 2.5 × 2.0 × 1.2 2.5 × 1.5 × 1.2 ISAT (mA) 800 1200 1700 1800 1500 DCR (mΩ) 190 120 85 100 100 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DC BIAS VOLTAGE (V) Figure 29. Typical Capacitor Performance The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple for the selected output capacitor and inductor values is calculated using the following equation: Output Capacitor Higher output capacitor values reduce the output voltage ripple and improve load transient response. When choosing this value, it is also important to account for the loss of capacitance due to output voltage dc bias. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior over temperature and applied voltage. Capacitors must have a dielectric adequate to ensure the minimum capacitance over the necessary temperature range and dc bias conditions. X5R or X7R dielectrics with a voltage rating of 6.3 V or 10 V are recommended for best performance. Rev. A | Page 13 of 16 VRIPPLE = (2π × f SW ) × 2 × L × C OUT V IN = I RIPPLE 8 × f SW × C OUT Capacitors with lower equivalent series resistance (ESR) are preferred to guarantee low output voltage ripple, as shown in the following equation: ESRCOUT ≤ VRIPPLE I RIPPLE 07375-007 0 ADP2108 The effective capacitance needed for stability, which includes temperature and dc bias effects, is 7 μF. Table 6. Suggested 10 μF Capacitors Vendor Murata Taiyo Yuden TDK Type X5R X5R X5R Model GRM188R60J106 JMK107BJ106 C1608JB0J106K Case Size 0603 0603 0603 Voltage Rating (V) 6.3 6.3 6.3 The junction temperature of the die is the sum of the ambient temperature of the environment and the temperature rise of the package due to power dissipation, as shown in the following equation: TJ = TA + TR where: TJ is the junction temperature. TA is the ambient temperature. TR is the rise in temperature of the package due to power dissipation. The rise in temperature of the package is directly proportional to the power dissipation in the package. The proportionality constant for this relationship is the thermal resistance from the junction of the die to the ambient temperature, as shown in the following equation: TR = θJA × PD where: TR is the rise in temperature of the package. θJA is the thermal resistance from the junction of the die to the ambient temperature of the package. PD is the power dissipation in the package. Input Capacitor Higher value input capacitors help to reduce the input voltage ripple and improve transient response. Maximum input capacitor current is calculated using the following equation: I CIN ≥ I LOAD( MAX ) VOUT (VIN − VOUT ) VIN To minimize supply noise, place the input capacitor as close to the VIN pin of the ADP2108 as possible. As with the output capacitor, a low ESR capacitor is recommended. The list of recommended capacitors is shown in Table 7. Table 7. Suggested 4.7 μF Capacitors Vendor Murata Taiyo Yuden TDK Type X5R X5R X5R Model GRM188R60J475 JMK107BJ475 C1608X5R0J475 Case Size 0603 0603 0603 Voltage Rating (V) 6.3 6.3 6.3 PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES Poor layout can affect ADP2108 performance, causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems, ground bounce, and voltage losses. Poor layout can also affect regulation and stability. A good layout is implemented using the following rules: • THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Because of the high efficiency of the ADP2108, only a small amount of power is dissipated inside the ADP2108 package, which reduces thermal constraints. However, in applications with maximum loads at high ambient temperature, low supply voltage, and high duty cycle, the heat dissipated in the package is great enough that it may cause the junction temperature of the die to exceed the maximum junction temperature of 125°C. If the junction temperature exceeds 150°C, the converter goes into thermal shutdown. It recovers when the junction temperature falls below 130°C. • • • Place the inductor, input capacitor, and output capacitor close to the IC using short tracks. These components carry high switching frequencies, and large tracks act as antennas. Route the output voltage path away from the inductor and SW node to minimize noise and magnetic interference. Maximize the size of ground metal on the component side to help with thermal dissipation. Use a ground plane with several vias connecting to the component side ground to further reduce noise interference on sensitive circuit nodes. Rev. A | Page 14 of 16 ADP2108 EVALUATION BOARD ADP2108 TB1 VIN TB2 EN TB5 GND IN VIN CIN 4.7µF A1 A2 C1 VIN GND EN U1 FB C2 SW B 1 L1 1µH 2 VOUT COUT 10µF GND OUT 07375-004 TB3 VOUT EN TB4 Figure 30. Evaluation Board Schematic Figure 31. Recommended Top Layer Figure 32. Recommended Bottom Layer Rev. A | Page 15 of 16 07375-006 07375-005 ADP2108 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 1.06 1.02 0.98 0.022 REF 0.657 0.602 0.546 SEATING PLANE 0.50 REF 2 1 A BALL 1 IDENTIFIER 1.49 1.45 1.41 0.330 0.310 0.290 1.00 REF 0.50 B C TOP VIEW (BALL SIDE DOWN) 0.355 0.330 0.304 COPLANARITY 0.04 0.280 0.250 0.220 BOTTOM VIEW (BALL SIDE UP) Figure 33. 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] (CB-5-3) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model ADP2108ACBZ-1.0-R7 1 ADP2108ACBZ-1.1-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-1.2-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-1.3-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-1.5-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-1.8-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-1.82-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-2.3-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-2.5-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-3.0-R71 ADP2108ACBZ-3.3-R71 ADP2108-1.0-EVALZ1 ADP2108-1.1-EVALZ1 ADP2108-1.2-EVALZ1 ADP2108-1.3-EVALZ1 ADP2108-1.5-EVALZ1 ADP2108-1.8-EVALZ1 ADP2108-1.82-EVALZ1 ADP2108-2.3-EVALZ1 ADP2108-2.5-EVALZ1 ADP2108-3.0-EVALZ1 ADP2108-3.3-EVALZ1 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Output Voltage (V) 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.82 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.82 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.3 Package Description 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] 5-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] Evaluation Board for 1.0 V Evaluation Board for 1.1 V Evaluation Board for 1.2 V Evaluation Board for 1.3 V Evaluation Board for 1.5 V Evaluation Board for 1.8 V Evaluation Board for 1.82 V Evaluation Board for 2.3 V Evaluation Board for 2.5 V Evaluation Board for 3.0 V Evaluation Board for 3.3 V Package Option CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 CB-5-3 111808-A Branding LA6 LA7 LA8 LA9 LAA LAD LAE LAF LAG LD9 LAH Z = RoHS Compliant Part. ©2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D07375-0-12/08(A) Rev. A | Page 16 of 16