ADSP-BF531

a FEATURES Up to 400 MHz high performance Blackfin processor Two 16-bit MACs, two 40-bit ALUs, four 8-bit video ALUs, 40-bit shifter RISC-like register and instruction model for ease of programming and compiler-friendly support Advanced debug, trace, and performance monitoring 0.8 V to 1.2 V core VDD with on-chip voltage regulation 1.8 V, 2.5 V, and 3.3 V compliant I/O 160-ball mini-BGA, 169-ball lead free PBGA, and 176-lead LQFP packages Blackfin® Embedded Processor ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 External memory controller with glueless support for SDRAM, SRAM, FLASH, and ROM Flexible memory booting options from SPI® and external memory PERIPHERALS Parallel peripheral interface PPI/GPIO, supporting ITU-R 656 video data formats Two dual-channel, full duplex synchronous serial ports, supporting eight stereo I2S channels 12-channel DMA controller SPI-compatible port Three timer/counters with PWM support UART with support for IrDA® Event handler Real-time clock Watchdog timer Debug/JTAG interface On-chip PLL capable of 0.5 to 64 frequency multiplication Core timer MEMORY Up to 84K bytes of on-chip memory: 16K bytes of instruction SRAM/Cache 32K bytes of instruction SRAM 32K bytes of data SRAM/Cache 4K bytes of scratchpad SRAM Two dual-channel memory DMA controllers Memory management unit providing memory protection JTAG TEST AND EMULATION EVENT CONTROLLER/ CORE TIMER WATCHDOG TIMER VOLTAGE REGULATOR B L1 INSTRUCTION MEMORY MMU L1 DATA MEMORY CORE/SYSTEM BUS INTERFACE REAL-TIME CLOCK UART PORT IrDA TIMER0, TIMER1, TIMER2 PPI / GPIO DMA CONTROLLER SERIAL PORTS (2) SPI PORT BOOT ROM EXTERNAL PORT FLASH, SDRAM CONTROL Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram Blackfin and the Blackfin logo are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc. Rev. D Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 © 2006 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 TABLE OF CONTENTS General Description ................................................. 4 Portable Low Power Architecture ............................. 4 System Integration ................................................ 4 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Processor Peripherals ........ 4 Blackfin Processor Core .......................................... 4 Memory Architecture ............................................ 5 DMA Controllers .................................................. 8 Real-Time Clock ................................................... 9 Watchdog Timer .................................................. 9 Timers ............................................................. 10 Serial Ports (SPORTs) .......................................... 10 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port ....................... 10 UART Port ........................................................ 10 Programmable Flags (PFx) .................................... 11 Parallel Peripheral Interface ................................... 11 Dynamic Power Management ................................ 12 Voltage Regulation .............................................. 13 Clock Signals ..................................................... 13 Booting Modes ................................................... 14 Instruction Set Description ................................... 14 Development Tools ............................................. 15 Designing an Emulator-Compatible Processor Board .. 16 Related Documents ............................................. 16 Pin Descriptions .................................................... 17 Specifications ........................................................ 20 Operating Conditions .......................................... 20 Electrical Characteristics ....................................... 21 Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................. 22 Package Information ........................................... 22 ESD Sensitivity ................................................... 22 Timing Specifications .......................................... 23 Clock and Reset Timing .................................... 24 Asynchronous Memory Read Cycle Timing ........... 25 Asynchronous Memory Write Cycle Timing .......... 26 SDRAM Interface Timing .................................. 27 External Port Bus Request and Grant Cycle Timing .. 28 Parallel Peripheral Interface Timing ..................... 29 Serial Ports ..................................................... 32 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port —Master Timing .......................................... 37 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port —Slave Timing ............................................. 38 Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) Port—Receive and Transmit Timing ...... 39 Programmable Flags Cycle Timing ....................... 40 Timer Cycle Timing .......................................... 41 JTAG Test and Emulation Port Timing .................. 42 Output Drive Currents ......................................... 43 Power Dissipation ............................................... 45 Test Conditions .................................................. 45 Environmental Conditions .................................... 48 160-Ball BGA Pinout ............................................... 50 169-Ball PBGA Pinout ............................................. 53 176-Lead LQFP Pinout ............................................ 56 Outline Dimensions ................................................ 58 Ordering Guide ..................................................... 60 Rev. D | Page 2 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 REVISION HISTORY 8/06—Revision D: Changed from Rev. C to Rev. D Added 1.8 V I/O to Features ....................................... 1 Changed Text in Figure External Components for RTC .... 9 Added Text to Serial Ports (SPORTs) ........................... 10 Changed Font in Formula in Power Savings .................. 12 Minor Edit to Figure Voltage Regulator Circuit .............. 13 Complete Rewrite of Operating Conditions ................... 20 Complete Rewrite of Electrical Characteristics ............... 21 Added 1.8 V and 125°C Specifications to Multiple Tables of Timing Specifications .................. 23 Edit to Asynchronous Memory Read Cycle Timing ......... 25 Edit to Asynchronous Memory Write Cycle Timing ........ 26 Changed Data in SDRAM Interface Timing .................. 27 Changed Data in Parallel Peripheral Interface Timing ...... 29 Changed Data in Serial Ports ..................................... 32 Deleted References to Temperature in Figures in Output Drive Currents ......................................... 43 Added 1.8 V Data to Output Drive Currents .................. 43 Moved Data to Operating Conditions and Rewrote Power Dissipation ................................. 45 Deleted References to Temperature in Figures in Test Conditions .................................................. 45 Added 1.8 V References in Test Conditions ................... 45 Added 1.8 V Characterization Data Capacitive Loading ... 45 Changed Thermal Characteristics for BC-160 Package ..... 49 Added Models to Ordering Guide ............................... 60 Rev. D | Page 3 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processors are members of the Blackfin family of products, incorporating the Analog Devices/ Intel Micro Signal Architecture (MSA). Blackfin processors combine a dual-MAC state-of-the-art signal processing engine, the advantages of a clean, orthogonal RISC-like microprocessor instruction set, and single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) multimedia capabilities into a single instruction set architecture. The Blackfin processors are completely code and pin compatible, differing only with respect to their performance and onchip memory. Specific performance and memory configurations are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Processor Comparison ADSP-BF531 ADSP-BF532 Maximum Performance 400 MHz 800 MMACs 400 MHz 800 MMACs Instruction 16K bytes 16K bytes SRAM/Cache Instruction SRAM 16K bytes 32K bytes Data 16K bytes 32K bytes SRAM/Cache Scratchpad 4K bytes 4K bytes ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 PROCESSOR PERIPHERALS The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor contains a rich set of peripherals connected to the core via several high bandwidth buses, providing flexibility in system configuration as well as excellent overall system performance (see the functional block diagram in Figure 1 on Page 1). The general-purpose peripherals include functions such as UART, timers with PWM (pulsewidth modulation) and pulse measurement capability, generalpurpose flag I/O pins, a real-time clock, and a watchdog timer. This set of functions satisfies a wide variety of typical system support needs and is augmented by the system expansion capabilities of the part. In addition to these general-purpose peripherals, the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor contains high speed serial and parallel ports for interfacing to a variety of audio, video, and modem codec functions; an interrupt controller for flexible management of interrupts from the on-chip peripherals or external sources; and power management control functions to tailor the performance and power characteristics of the processor and system to many application scenarios. All of the peripherals, except for general-purpose I/O, real-time clock, and timers, are supported by a flexible DMA structure. There is also a separate memory DMA channel dedicated to data transfers between the processor’s various memory spaces, including external SDRAM and asynchronous memory. Multiple on-chip buses running at up to 133 MHz provide enough bandwidth to keep the processor core running along with activity on all of the on-chip and external peripherals. The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor includes an on-chip voltage regulator in support of the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor dynamic power management capability. The voltage regulator provides a range of core voltage levels from a single 2.25 V to 3.6 V input. The voltage regulator can be bypassed at the user’s discretion. By integrating a rich set of industry-leading system peripherals and memory, Blackfin processors are the platform of choice for next generation applications that require RISC-like programmability, multimedia support, and leading-edge signal processing in one integrated package. PORTABLE LOW POWER ARCHITECTURE Blackfin processors provide world-class power management and performance. Blackfin processors are designed in a low power and low voltage design methodology and feature dynamic power management—the ability to vary both the voltage and frequency of operation to significantly lower overall power consumption. Varying the voltage and frequency can result in a substantial reduction in power consumption, compared with just varying the frequency of operation. This translates into longer battery life for portable appliances. BLACKFIN PROCESSOR CORE As shown in Figure 2 on Page 6, the Blackfin processor core contains two 16-bit multipliers, two 40-bit accumulators, two 40-bit ALUs, four video ALUs, and a 40-bit shifter. The computation units process 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit data from the register file. The compute register file contains eight 32-bit registers. When performing compute operations on 16-bit operand data, the register file operates as 16 independent 16-bit registers. All operands for compute operations come from the multiported register file and instruction constant fields. Each MAC can perform a 16-bit by 16-bit multiply in each cycle, accumulating the results into the 40-bit accumulators. Signed and unsigned formats, rounding, and saturation are supported. The ALUs perform a traditional set of arithmetic and logical operations on 16-bit or 32-bit data. In addition, many special instructions are included to accelerate various signal processing tasks. These include bit operations such as field extract and SYSTEM INTEGRATION The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processors are highly integrated system-on-a-chip solutions for the next generation of digital communication and consumer multimedia applications. By combining industry-standard interfaces with a high performance signal processing core, users can develop cost-effective solutions quickly without the need for costly external components. The system peripherals include a UART port, an SPI port, two serial ports (SPORTs), four general-purpose timers (three with PWM capability), a real-time clock, a watchdog timer, and a parallel peripheral interface. Rev. D | Page 4 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 population count, modulo 232 multiply, divide primitives, saturation and rounding, and sign/exponent detection. The set of video instructions includes byte alignment and packing operations, 16-bit and 8-bit adds with clipping, 8-bit average operations, and 8-bit subtract/absolute value/accumulate (SAA) operations. Also provided are the compare/select and vector search instructions. For certain instructions, two 16-bit ALU operations can be performed simultaneously on register pairs (a 16-bit high half and 16-bit low half of a compute register). By also using the second ALU, quad 16-bit operations are possible. The 40-bit shifter can perform shifts and rotates and is used to support normalization, field extract, and field deposit instructions. The program sequencer controls the flow of instruction execution, including instruction alignment and decoding. For program flow control, the sequencer supports PC relative and indirect conditional jumps (with static branch prediction), and subroutine calls. Hardware is provided to support zero-overhead looping. The architecture is fully interlocked, meaning that the programmer need not manage the pipeline when executing instructions with data dependencies. The address arithmetic unit provides two addresses for simultaneous dual fetches from memory. It contains a multiported register file consisting of four sets of 32-bit index, modify, length, and base registers (for circular buffering), and eight additional 32-bit pointer registers (for C-style indexed stack manipulation). Blackfin processors support a modified Harvard architecture in combination with a hierarchical memory structure. Level 1 (L1) memories are those that typically operate at the full processor speed with little or no latency. At the L1 level, the instruction memory holds instructions only. The two data memories hold data, and a dedicated scratchpad data memory stores stack and local variable information. In addition, multiple L1 memory blocks are provided, offering a configurable mix of SRAM and cache. The memory management unit (MMU) provides memory protection for individual tasks that may be operating on the core and can protect system registers from unintended access. The architecture provides three modes of operation: user mode, supervisor mode, and emulation mode. User mode has restricted access to certain system resources, thus providing a protected software environment, while supervisor mode has unrestricted access to the system and core resources. The Blackfin processor instruction set has been optimized so that 16-bit opcodes represent the most frequently used instructions, resulting in excellent compiled code density. Complex DSP instructions are encoded into 32-bit opcodes, representing fully featured multifunction instructions. Blackfin processors support a limited multi-issue capability, where a 32-bit instruction can be issued in parallel with two 16-bit instructions, allowing the programmer to use many of the core resources in a single instruction cycle. The Blackfin processor assembly language uses an algebraic syntax for ease of coding and readability. The architecture has been optimized for use in conjunction with the C/C++ compiler, resulting in fast and efficient software implementations. MEMORY ARCHITECTURE The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor views memory as a single unified 4G byte address space, using 32-bit addresses. All resources, including internal memory, external memory, and I/O control registers, occupy separate sections of this common address space. The memory portions of this address space are arranged in a hierarchical structure to provide a good cost/performance balance of some very fast, low latency on-chip memory as cache or SRAM, and larger, lower cost and performance off-chip memory systems. See Figure 3 on Page 7, and Figure 4 on Page 7. The L1 memory system is the primary highest performance memory available to the Blackfin processor. The off-chip memory system, accessed through the external bus interface unit (EBIU), provides expansion with SDRAM, flash memory, and SRAM, optionally accessing up to 132M bytes of physical memory. The memory DMA controller provides high bandwidth datamovement capability. It can perform block transfers of code or data between the internal memory and the external memory spaces. Internal (On-Chip) Memory The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor has three blocks of on-chip memory providing high bandwidth access to the core. The first is the L1 instruction memory, consisting of up to 48K bytes SRAM, of which 16K bytes can be configured as a four way set-associative cache. This memory is accessed at full processor speed. The second on-chip memory block is the L1 data memory, consisting of one bank of 32K bytes. The memory bank is configurable, offering both cache and SRAM functionality. This memory block is accessed at full processor speed. The third memory block is a 4K byte scratchpad SRAM which runs at the same speed as the L1 memories, but is only accessible as data SRAM and cannot be configured as cache memory. External (Off-Chip) Memory The external bus interface can be used with both asynchronous devices such as SRAM, FLASH, EEPROM, ROM, and I/O devices, and synchronous devices such as SDRAMs. The bus width is always 16 bits. A1 is the least significant address of a 16-bit word. 8-bit peripherals should be addressed as if they were 16-bit devices, where only the lower eight bits of data should be used. The PC133-compliant SDRAM controller can be programmed to interface to up to 128M bytes of SDRAM. The SDRAM controller allows one row to be open for each internal SDRAM bank, for up to four internal SDRAM banks, improving overall system performance. Rev. D | Page 5 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 ADDRESS ARITHMETIC UNIT I3 I2 I1 I0 DA1 DA0 TO MEMORY 32 32 L3 L2 L1 L0 B3 B2 B1 B0 M3 M2 M1 M0 DAG1 DAG0 SP FP P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 32 RAB 32 PREG SD LD1 LD0 32 32 32 32 32 ASTAT SEQUENCER R7.H R6.H R5.H R4.H R3.H R2.H R1.H R0.H R7.L R6.L R5.L R4.L R3.L R2.L R1.H R0.L BARREL SHIFTER 16 8 8 8 16 8 DECODE ALIGN 40 40 40 40 LOOP BUFFER A0 A1 CONTROL UNIT 32 32 DATA ARITHMETIC UNIT Figure 2. Blackfin Processor Core The asynchronous memory controller can be programmed to control up to four banks of devices with very flexible timing parameters for a wide variety of devices. Each bank occupies a 1M byte segment regardless of the size of the devices used, so that these banks will only be contiguous if each is fully populated with 1M byte of memory. boot from boot ROM memory space, the processor starts executing from the on-chip boot ROM. For more information, see Booting Modes on Page 14. Event Handling The event controller on the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor handles all asynchronous and synchronous events to the processor. The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor provides event handling that supports both nesting and prioritization. Nesting allows multiple event service routines to be active simultaneously. Prioritization ensures that servicing of a higher priority event takes precedence over servicing of a lower priority event. The controller provides support for five different types of events: • Emulation – An emulation event causes the processor to enter emulation mode, allowing command and control of the processor via the JTAG interface. • Reset – This event resets the processor. • Nonmaskable Interrupt (NMI) – The NMI event can be generated by the software watchdog timer or by the NMI input signal to the processor. The NMI event is frequently used as a power-down indicator to initiate an orderly shutdown of the system. I/O Memory Space Blackfin processors do not define a separate I/O space. All resources are mapped through the flat 32-bit address space. On-chip I/O devices have their control registers mapped into memory mapped registers (MMRs) at addresses near the top of the 4G byte address space. These are separated into two smaller blocks, one of which contains the control MMRs for all core functions, and the other of which contains the registers needed for setup and control of the on-chip peripherals outside of the core. The MMRs are accessible only in supervisor mode and appear as reserved space to on-chip peripherals. Booting The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor contains a small boot kernel, which configures the appropriate peripheral for booting. If the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor is configured to Rev. D | Page 6 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 0xFFFF FFFF CORE MMR REGISTERS (2M BYTE) 0xFFE0 0000 SYSTEM MMR REGISTERS (2M BYTE) 0xFFC0 0000 RESERVED 0xFFB0 1000 SCRATCHPAD SRAM (4K BYTE) RESERVED 0xFFA1 4000 INSTRUCTION SRAM/CACHE (16K BYTE) 0xFFA1 0000 INSTRUCTION SRAM (32K BYTE) 0xFFA0 8000 RESERVED 0xFFA0 0000 RESERVED 0xFF90 8000 DATA BANK B SRAM/CACHE (16K BYTE) 0xFF90 4000 RESERVED 0xFF80 8000 DATA BANK A SRAM/CACHE (16K BYTE) 0xFF80 4000 RESERVED 0xEF00 0000 0x2040 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 3 (1M BYTE) 0x2030 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 2 (1M BYTE) 0x2020 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 1 (1M BYTE) 0x2010 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 0 (1M BYTE) 0x2000 0000 RESERVED 0x0800 0000 SDRAM MEMORY (16M BYTE TO 128M BYTE) 0x0000 0000 EXTERNAL MEMORY MAP INTERNAL MEMORY MAP • Exceptions – Events that occur synchronously to program flow (i.e., the exception will be taken before the instruction is allowed to complete). Conditions such as data alignment violations and undefined instructions cause exceptions. • Interrupts – Events that occur asynchronously to program flow. They are caused by input pins, timers, and other peripherals, as well as by an explicit software instruction. Each event type has an associated register to hold the return address and an associated return-from-event instruction. When an event is triggered, the state of the processor is saved on the supervisor stack. The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor event controller consists of two stages, the core event controller (CEC) and the system interrupt controller (SIC). The core event controller works with the system interrupt controller to prioritize and control all system events. Conceptually, interrupts from the peripherals enter into the SIC, and are then routed directly into the general-purpose interrupts of the CEC. 0xFFB0 0000 RESERVED Core Event Controller (CEC) The CEC supports nine general-purpose interrupts (IVG15–7), in addition to the dedicated interrupt and exception events. Of these general-purpose interrupts, the two lowest priority interrupts (IVG15–14) are recommended to be reserved for software interrupt handlers, leaving seven prioritized interrupt inputs to support the peripherals of theADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor. Table 2 describes the inputs to the CEC, identifies their names in the event vector table (EVT), and lists their priorities. Table 2. Core Event Controller (CEC) Priority (0 is Highest) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Event Class Emulation/Test Control Reset Nonmaskable Interrupt Exception Reserved Hardware Error Core Timer General Interrupt 7 General Interrupt 8 General Interrupt 9 General Interrupt 10 General Interrupt 11 General Interrupt 12 General Interrupt 13 General Interrupt 14 General Interrupt 15 EVT Entry EMU RST NMI EVX IVHW IVTMR IVG7 IVG8 IVG9 IVG10 IVG11 IVG12 IVG13 IVG14 IVG15 Figure 3. ADSP-BF532 Internal/External Memory Map 0xFFFF FFFF CORE MMR REGISTERS (2M BYTE) 0xFFE0 0000 SYSTEM MMR REGISTERS (2M BYTE) 0xFFC0 0000 RESERVED 0xFFB0 1000 SCRATCHPAD SRAM (4K BYTE) 0xFFB0 0000 RESERVED INSTRUCTION SRAM/CACHE (16K BYTE) 0xFFA1 0000 RESERVED 0xFFA0 C000 INSTRUCTION SRAM (16K BYTE) 0xFFA0 8000 RESERVED 0xFFA0 0000 RESERVED 0xFF90 8000 RESERVED 0xFF90 4000 RESERVED 0xFF80 8000 DATA BANK A SRAM/CACHE (16K BYTE) 0xFF80 4000 RESERVED 0xEF00 0000 0x2040 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 3 (1M BYTE) 0x2030 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 2 (1M BYTE) 0x2020 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 1 (1M BYTE) 0x2010 0000 ASYNC MEMORY BANK 0 (1M BYTE) 0x2000 0000 RESERVED 0x0800 0000 SDRAM MEMORY (16M BYTE TO 128M BYTE) 0x0000 0000 EXTERNAL MEMORY MAP INTERNAL MEMORY MAP 0xFFA1 4000 RESERVED System Interrupt Controller (SIC) The system interrupt controller provides the mapping and routing of events from the many peripheral interrupt sources to the prioritized general-purpose interrupt inputs of the CEC. Page 7 of 60 | August 2006 Figure 4. ADSP-BF531 Internal/External Memory Map Rev. D | ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Although the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor provides a default mapping, the user can alter the mappings and priorities of interrupt events by writing the appropriate values into the interrupt assignment registers (IAR). Table 3 describes the inputs into the SIC and the default mappings into the CEC. Table 3. System Interrupt Controller (SIC) Peripheral Interrupt Event PLL Wakeup DMA Error PPI Error SPORT 0 Error SPORT 1 Error SPI Error UART Error Real-Time Clock DMA Channel 0 (PPI) DMA Channel 1 (SPORT 0 Receive) DMA Channel 2 (SPORT 0 Transmit) DMA Channel 3 (SPORT 1 Receive) DMA Channel 4 (SPORT 1 Transmit) DMA Channel 5 (SPI) DMA Channel 6 (UART Receive) DMA Channel 7 (UART Transmit) Timer 0 Timer 1 Timer 2 PF Interrupt A PF Interrupt B DMA Channels 8 and 9 (Memory DMA Stream 1) DMA Channels 10 and 11 (Memory DMA Stream 0) Software Watchdog Timer Default Mapping IVG7 IVG7 IVG7 IVG7 IVG7 IVG7 IVG7 IVG8 IVG8 IVG9 IVG9 IVG9 IVG9 IVG10 IVG10 IVG10 IVG11 IVG11 IVG11 IVG12 IVG12 IVG13 IVG13 IVG13 preventing the processor from servicing the event even though the event may be latched in the ILAT register. This register may be read or written while in supervisor mode. (Note that general-purpose interrupts can be globally enabled and disabled with the STI and CLI instructions, respectively.) • CEC interrupt pending register (IPEND) – The IPEND register keeps track of all nested events. A set bit in the IPEND register indicates the event is currently active or nested at some level. This register is updated automatically by the controller but may be read while in supervisor mode. The SIC allows further control of event processing by providing three 32-bit interrupt control and status registers. Each register contains a bit corresponding to each of the peripheral interrupt events shown in Table 3. • SIC interrupt mask register (SIC_IMASK) – This register controls the masking and unmasking of each peripheral interrupt event. When a bit is set in the register, that peripheral event is unmasked and will be processed by the system when asserted. A cleared bit in the register masks the peripheral event, preventing the processor from servicing the event. • SIC interrupt status register (SIC_ISR) – As multiple peripherals can be mapped to a single event, this register allows the software to determine which peripheral event source triggered the interrupt. A set bit indicates the peripheral is asserting the interrupt, and a cleared bit indicates the peripheral is not asserting the event. • SIC interrupt wakeup enable register (SIC_IWR) – By enabling the corresponding bit in this register, a peripheral can be configured to wake up the processor, should the core be idled when the event is generated. (For more information, see Dynamic Power Management on Page 12.) Because multiple interrupt sources can map to a single generalpurpose interrupt, multiple pulse assertions can occur simultaneously, before or during interrupt processing for an interrupt event already detected on this interrupt input. The IPEND register contents are monitored by the SIC as the interrupt acknowledgement. The appropriate ILAT register bit is set when an interrupt rising edge is detected (detection requires two core clock cycles). The bit is cleared when the respective IPEND register bit is set. The IPEND bit indicates that the event has entered into the processor pipeline. At this point the CEC will recognize and queue the next rising edge event on the corresponding event input. The minimum latency from the rising edge transition of the generalpurpose interrupt to the IPEND output asserted is three core clock cycles; however, the latency can be much higher, depending on the activity within and the state of the processor. Event Control The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor provides the user with a very flexible mechanism to control the processing of events. In the CEC, three registers are used to coordinate and control events. Each register is 16 bits wide: • CEC interrupt latch register (ILAT) – The ILAT register indicates when events have been latched. The appropriate bit is set when the processor has latched the event and cleared when the event has been accepted into the system. This register is updated automatically by the controller, but it may be written only when its corresponding IMASK bit is cleared. • CEC interrupt mask register (IMASK) – The IMASK register controls the masking and unmasking of individual events. When a bit is set in the IMASK register, that event is unmasked and will be processed by the CEC when asserted. A cleared bit in the IMASK register masks the event, Rev. D | DMA CONTROLLERS The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor has multiple, independent DMA controllers that support automated data transfers with minimal overhead for the processor core. DMA transfers can occur between the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor’s internal memories and any of its DMA-capable peripherals. August 2006 Page 8 of 60 | ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Additionally, DMA transfers can be accomplished between any of the DMA-capable peripherals and external devices connected to the external memory interfaces, including the SDRAM controller and the asynchronous memory controller. DMAcapable peripherals include the SPORTs, SPI port, UART, and PPI. Each individual DMA-capable peripheral has at least one dedicated DMA channel. The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor DMA controller supports both 1-dimensional (1-D) and 2-dimensional (2-D) DMA transfers. DMA transfer initialization can be implemented from registers or from sets of parameters called descriptor blocks. The 2-D DMA capability supports arbitrary row and column sizes up to 64K elements by 64K elements, and arbitrary row and column step sizes up to ±32K elements. Furthermore, the column step size can be less than the row step size, allowing implementation of interleaved data streams. This feature is especially useful in video applications where data can be de-interleaved on the fly. Examples of DMA types supported by the ADSP-BF531/ ADSP-BF532 processor DMA controller include: • A single, linear buffer that stops upon completion • A circular, autorefreshing buffer that interrupts on each full or fractionally full buffer • 1-D or 2-D DMA using a linked list of descriptors • 2-D DMA using an array of descriptors, specifying only the base DMA address within a common page In addition to the dedicated peripheral DMA channels, there are two memory DMA channels provided for transfers between the various memories of the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor system. This enables transfers of blocks of data between any of the memories—including external SDRAM, ROM, SRAM, and flash memory—with minimal processor intervention. Memory DMA transfers can be controlled by a very flexible descriptorbased methodology or by a standard register-based autobuffer mechanism. SUGGESTED COMPONENTS: X1 = ECL IPTEK EC38J (THROUGH-HOLE PACKAGE) OR EPSON MC405 12 pF LOAD (SURFACE-MOUNT PACKAGE) C1 = 22 pF C2 = 22 pF R1 = 10 M Ω NOTE: C1 AND C2 ARE SPECIFIC TO CRYSTAL SPECIFIED FOR X1. CONTACT CRYSTAL MANUFACTURER FOR DETAILS. C1 AND C2 SPECI FICATIO NS ASSUME BOARD TRACE CAPACITANCE OF 3 pF. C1 When enabled, the alarm function generates an interrupt when the output of the timer matches the programmed value in the alarm control register. There are two alarms: The first alarm is for a time of day. The second alarm is for a day and time of that day. The stopwatch function counts down from a programmed value, with one second resolution. When the stopwatch is enabled and the counter underflows, an interrupt is generated. Like other peripherals, the RTC can wake up the processor from sleep mode upon generation of any RTC wakeup event. Additionally, an RTC wakeup event can wake up the processor from deep sleep mode, and wake up the on-chip internal voltage regulator from a powered-down state. Connect RTC pins RTXI and RTXO with external components as shown in Figure 5. RTXI R1 RTXO X1 C2 Figure 5. External Components for RTC WATCHDOG TIMER The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor includes a 32-bit timer that can be used to implement a software watchdog function. A software watchdog can improve system availability by forcing the processor to a known state through generation of a hardware reset, nonmaskable interrupt (NMI), or general-purpose interrupt, if the timer expires before being reset by software. The programmer initializes the count value of the timer, enables the appropriate interrupt, then enables the timer. Thereafter, the software must reload the counter before it counts to zero from the programmed value. This protects the system from remaining in an unknown state where software, which would normally reset the timer, has stopped running due to an external noise condition or software error. If configured to generate a hardware reset, the watchdog timer resets both the core and the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor peripherals. After a reset, software can determine if the watchdog was the source of the hardware reset by interrogating a status bit in the watchdog timer control register. The timer is clocked by the system clock (SCLK), at a maximum frequency of fSCLK. REAL-TIME CLOCK The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor real-time clock (RTC) provides a robust set of digital watch features, including current time, stopwatch, and alarm. The RTC is clocked by a 32.768 kHz crystal external to the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor. The RTC peripheral has dedicated power supply pins so that it can remain powered up and clocked even when the rest of the processor is in a low power state. The RTC provides several programmable interrupt options, including interrupt per second, minute, hour, or day clock ticks, interrupt on programmable stopwatch countdown, or interrupt at a programmed alarm time. The 32.768 kHz input clock frequency is divided down to a 1 Hz signal by a prescaler. The counter function of the timer consists of four counters: a 60 second counter, a 60 minute counter, a 24 hour counter, and a 32,768 day counter. Rev. D | Page 9 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 TIMERS There are four general-purpose programmable timer units in the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor. Three timers have an external pin that can be configured either as a pulse-width modulator (PWM) or timer output, as an input to clock the timer, or as a mechanism for measuring pulse widths and periods of external events. These timers can be synchronized to an external clock input to the PF1 pin, an external clock input to the PPI_CLK pin, or to the internal SCLK. The timer units can be used in conjunction with the UART to measure the width of the pulses in the data stream to provide an autobaud detect function for a serial channel. The timers can generate interrupts to the processor core providing periodic events for synchronization, either to the system clock or to a count of external signals. In addition to the three general-purpose programmable timers, a fourth timer is also provided. This extra timer is clocked by the internal processor clock and is typically used as a system tick clock for generation of operating system periodic interrupts. • Interrupts – Each transmit and receive port generates an interrupt upon completing the transfer of a data-word or after transferring an entire data buffer or buffers through DMA. • Multichannel capability – Each SPORT supports 128 channels out of a 1,024-channel window and is compatible with the H.100, H.110, MVIP-90, and HMVIP standards. An additional 250 mV of SPORT input hysteresis can be enabled by setting Bit 15 of the PLL_CTL register. When this bit is set, all SPORT input pins have the increased hysteresis. SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI) PORT The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor has an SPI-compatible port that enables the processor to communicate with multiple SPI-compatible devices. The SPI interface uses three pins for transferring data: two data pins (master output-slave input, MOSI, and master input-slave output, MISO) and a clock pin (serial clock, SCK). An SPI chip select input pin (SPISS) lets other SPI devices select the processor, and seven SPI chip select output pins (SPISEL7–1) let the processor select other SPI devices. The SPI select pins are reconfigured programmable flag pins. Using these pins, the SPI port provides a full-duplex, synchronous serial interface which supports both master/slave modes and multimaster environments. The baud rate and clock phase/polarities for the SPI port are programmable, and it has an integrated DMA controller, configurable to support transmit or receive data streams. The SPI DMA controller can only service unidirectional accesses at any given time. The SPI port clock rate is calculated as: f SCLK SPI Clock Rate = -------------------------------2 × SPI_Baud Where the 16-bit SPI_Baud register contains a value of 2 to 65,535. During transfers, the SPI port simultaneously transmits and receives by serially shifting data in and out on its two serial data lines. The serial clock line synchronizes the shifting and sampling of data on the two serial data lines. SERIAL PORTS (SPORTs) The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor incorporates two dual-channel synchronous serial ports (SPORT0 and SPORT1) for serial and multiprocessor communications. The SPORTs support the following features: • I S capable operation. • Bidirectional operation – Each SPORT has two sets of independent transmit and receive pins, enabling eight channels of I2S stereo audio. • Buffered (8-deep) transmit and receive ports – Each port has a data register for transferring data words to and from other processor components and shift registers for shifting data in and out of the data registers. • Clocking – Each transmit and receive port can either use an external serial clock or generate its own, in frequencies ranging from (fSCLK/131,070) Hz to (fSCLK/2) Hz. • Word length – Each SPORT supports serial data words from 3 bits to 32 bits in length, transferred most-significant-bit first or least-significant-bit first. • Framing – Each transmit and receive port can run with or without frame sync signals for each data word. Frame sync signals can be generated internally or externally, active high or low, and with either of two pulse widths and early or late frame sync. • Companding in hardware – Each SPORT can perform A-law or µ-law companding according to ITU recommendation G.711. Companding can be selected on the transmit and/or receive channel of the SPORT without additional latencies. • DMA operations with single-cycle overhead – Each SPORT can automatically receive and transmit multiple buffers of memory data. The processor can link or chain sequences of DMA transfers between a SPORT and memory. 2 UART PORT The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor provides a fullduplex universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) port, which is fully compatible with PC-standard UARTs. The UART port provides a simplified UART interface to other peripherals or hosts, supporting full-duplex, DMA-supported, asynchronous transfers of serial data. The UART port includes support for 5 data bits to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit or 2 stop bits, and none, even, or odd parity. The UART port supports two modes of operation: • PIO (programmed I/O) – The processor sends or receives data by writing or reading I/O-mapped UART registers. The data is double-buffered on both transmit and receive. • DMA (direct memory access) – The DMA controller transfers both transmit and receive data. This reduces the number and frequency of interrupts required to transfer August 2006 Rev. D | Page 10 of 60 | ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 data to and from memory. The UART has two dedicated DMA channels, one for transmit and one for receive. These DMA channels have lower default priority than most DMA channels because of their relatively low service rates. The baud rate, serial data format, error code generation and status, and interrupts for the UART port are programmable. The UART programmable features include: • Supporting bit rates ranging from (fSCLK/1,048,576) bits per second to (fSCLK/16) bits per second. • Supporting data formats from seven bits to 12 bits per frame. • Both transmit and receive operations can be configured to generate maskable interrupts to the processor. The UART port’s clock rate is calculated as: f SCLK UART Clock Rate = ---------------------------------------------16 × UART_Divisor Where the 16-bit UART_Divisor comes from the DLH register (most significant 8 bits) and DLL register (least significant 8 bits). In conjunction with the general-purpose timer functions, autobaud detection is supported. The capabilities of the UART are further extended with support for the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) serial infrared physical layer link specification (SIR) protocol. inputs can be configured to generate hardware interrupts, while output PFx pins can be triggered by software interrupts. • Flag interrupt sensitivity registers – The two flag interrupt sensitivity registers specify whether individual PFx pins are level- or edge-sensitive and specify—if edge-sensitive— whether just the rising edge or both the rising and falling edges of the signal are significant. One register selects the type of sensitivity, and one register selects which edges are significant for edge-sensitivity. PARALLEL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE The processor provides a parallel peripheral interface (PPI) that can connect directly to parallel A/D and D/A converters, ITU-R 601/656 video encoders and decoders, and other generalpurpose peripherals. The PPI consists of a dedicated input clock pin, up to three frame synchronization pins, and up to 16 data pins. The input clock supports parallel data rates up to half the system clock rate. In ITU-R 656 modes, the PPI receives and parses a data stream of 8-bit or 10-bit data elements. On-chip decode of embedded preamble control and synchronization information is supported. Three distinct ITU-R 656 modes are supported: • Active video only – The PPI does not read in any data between the end of active video (EAV) and start of active video (SAV) preamble symbols, or any data present during the vertical blanking intervals. In this mode, the control byte sequences are not stored to memory; they are filtered by the PPI. • Vertical blanking only – The PPI only transfers vertical blanking interval (VBI) data, as well as horizontal blanking information and control byte sequences on VBI lines. • Entire field – The entire incoming bitstream is read in through the PPI. This includes active video, control preamble sequences, and ancillary data that may be embedded in horizontal and vertical blanking intervals. Though not explicitly supported, ITU-R 656 output functionality can be achieved by setting up the entire frame structure (including active video, blanking, and control information) in memory and streaming the data out the PPI in a frame sync-less mode. The processor’s 2-D DMA features facilitate this transfer by allowing the static frame buffer (blanking and control codes) to be placed in memory once, and simply updating the active video information on a per-frame basis. The general-purpose modes of the PPI are intended to suit a wide variety of data capture and transmission applications. The modes are divided into four main categories, each allowing up to 16 bits of data transfer per PPI_CLK cycle: • Data receive with internally generated frame syncs • Data receive with externally generated frame syncs • Data transmit with internally generated frame syncs • Data transmit with externally generated frame syncs PROGRAMMABLE FLAGS (PFx) The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor has 16 bidirectional, general-purpose programmable flag (PF15–0) pins. Each programmable flag can be individually controlled by manipulation of the flag control, status and interrupt registers: • Flag direction control register – Specifies the direction of each individual PFx pin as input or output. • Flag control and status registers – The ADSP-BF531/ ADSP-BF532 processor employs a “write one to modify” mechanism that allows any combination of individual flags to be modified in a single instruction, without affecting the level of any other flags. Four control registers are provided. One register is written in order to set flag values, one register is written in order to clear flag values, one register is written in order to toggle flag values, and one register is written in order to specify a flag value. Reading the flag status register allows software to interrogate the sense of the flags. • Flag interrupt mask registers – The two flag interrupt mask registers allow each individual PFx pin to function as an interrupt to the processor. Similar to the two flag control registers that are used to set and clear individual flag values, one flag interrupt mask register sets bits to enable interrupt function, and the other flag interrupt mask register clears bits to disable interrupt function. PFx pins defined as Rev. D | Page 11 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 These modes support ADC/DAC connections, as well as video communication with hardware signaling. Many of the modes support more than one level of frame synchronization. If desired, a programmable delay can be inserted between assertion of a frame sync and reception/transmission of data. Hibernate Operating Mode—Maximum Static Power Savings The hibernate mode maximizes static power savings by disabling the voltage and clocks to the processor core (CCLK) and to all the synchronous peripherals (SCLK). The internal voltage regulator for the processor can be shut off by writing b#00 to the FREQ bits of the VR_CTL register. This disables both CCLK and SCLK. Furthermore, it sets the internal power supply voltage (VDDINT) to 0 V to provide the lowest static power dissipation. Any critical information stored internally (memory contents, register contents, etc.) must be written to a nonvolatile storage device prior to removing power if the processor state is to be preserved. Since VDDEXT is still supplied in this mode, all of the external pins three-state, unless otherwise specified. This allows other devices that may be connected to the processor to have power still applied without drawing unwanted current. The internal supply regulator can be woken up either by a real-time clock wakeup or by asserting the RESET pin. DYNAMIC POWER MANAGEMENT The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor provides five operating modes, each with a different performance/power profile. In addition, dynamic power management provides the control functions to dynamically alter the processor core supply voltage, further reducing power dissipation. Control of clocking to each of the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor peripherals also reduces power consumption. See Table 5 for a summary of the power settings for each mode. Table 4. Power Domains Power Domain All internal logic, except RTC RTC internal logic and crystal I/O All other I/O VDD Range VDDINT VDDRTC VDDEXT Sleep Operating Mode—High Dynamic Power Savings The sleep mode reduces dynamic power dissipation by disabling the clock to the processor core (CCLK). The PLL and system clock (SCLK), however, continue to operate in this mode. Typically an external event or RTC activity will wake up the processor. When in the sleep mode, assertion of wakeup will cause the processor to sense the value of the BYPASS bit in the PLL control register (PLL_CTL). If BYPASS is disabled, the processor will transition to the full-on mode. If BYPASS is enabled, the processor will transition to the active mode. When in the sleep mode, system DMA access to L1 memory is not supported. Full-On Operating Mode—Maximum Performance In the full-on mode, the PLL is enabled and is not bypassed, providing capability for maximum operational frequency. This is the power-up default execution state in which maximum performance can be achieved. The processor core and all enabled peripherals run at full speed. Active Operating Mode—Moderate Power Savings In the active mode, the PLL is enabled but bypassed. Because the PLL is bypassed, the processor’s core clock (CCLK) and system clock (SCLK) run at the input clock (CLKIN) frequency. In this mode, the CLKIN to CCLK multiplier ratio can be changed, although the changes are not realized until the full-on mode is entered. DMA access is available to appropriately configured L1 memories. In the active mode, it is possible to disable the PLL through the PLL control register (PLL_CTL). If disabled, the PLL must be re-enabled before transitioning to the full-on or sleep modes. Table 5. Power Settings PLL Mode PLL Bypassed Full-On Enabled No Active Enabled/ Yes Disabled Sleep Enabled Deep Sleep Disabled Hibernate Disabled Core Clock (CCLK) Enabled Enabled System Clock Core (SCLK) Power Enabled On Enabled On Deep Sleep Operating Mode—Maximum Dynamic Power Savings The deep sleep mode maximizes dynamic power savings by disabling the clocks to the processor core (CCLK) and to all synchronous peripherals (SCLK). Asynchronous peripherals, such as the RTC, may still be running but will not be able to access internal resources or external memory. This powereddown mode can only be exited by assertion of the reset interrupt (RESET) or by an asynchronous interrupt generated by the RTC. When in deep sleep mode, an RTC asynchronous interrupt causes the processor to transition to the active mode. Assertion of RESET while in deep sleep mode causes the processor to transition to the full-on mode. Power Savings As shown in Table 4, the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor supports three different power domains. The use of multiple power domains maximizes flexibility, while maintaining compliance with industry standards and conventions. By isolating the internal logic of the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor into its own power domain, separate from the RTC and other I/O, the processor can take advantage of dynamic power management, without affecting the RTC or other I/O devices. There are no sequencing requirements for the various power domains. Disabled Enabled On Disabled Disabled On Disabled Disabled Off Rev. D | Page 12 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 The power dissipated by a processor is largely a function of the clock frequency of the processor and the square of the operating voltage. For example, reducing the clock frequency by 25% results in a 25% reduction in dynamic power dissipation, while reducing the voltage by 25% reduces dynamic power dissipation by more than 40%. Further, these power savings are additive, in that if the clock frequency and supply voltage are both reduced, the power savings can be dramatic. The dynamic power management feature of the ADSP-BF531/ ADSP-BF532 processor allows both the processor’s input voltage (VDDINT) and clock frequency (fCCLK) to be dynamically controlled. The savings in power dissipation can be modeled using the power savings factor and % power savings calculations. The power savings factor is calculated as: power savings factor V DDINTRED 2 t RED f CCLKRED = -------------------- × ⎛ ------------------------- ⎞ × ⎛ ---------- ⎞ f CCLKNOM ⎝ V DDINTNOM⎠ ⎝ t NOM ⎠ where the variables in the equations are: fCCLKNOM is the nominal core clock frequency fCCLKRED is the reduced core clock frequency VDDINTNOM is the nominal internal supply voltage VDDINTRED is the reduced internal supply voltage tNOM is the duration running at fCCLKNOM tRED is the duration running at fCCLKRED The percent power savings is calculated as: % power savings = ( 1 – power savings factor ) × 100% Figure 6. Voltage Regulator Circuit VD D EX T 100µF 10µH 0.1µF 100µF 1µF ZHCS1000 2.25V TO 3.6V INPUT VO LTAGE RANGE FDS9431A VD D INT VR OU T 1–0 EXTERNAL COMPO NENT S NOTE: VROU T 1–0 SHOULD BE TIED TOGETHER EXTERNALLY AND DESIG NER SHOULD MINIMIZ E TRACE LENGTH TO FDS9431A. If an external clock is used, it must not be halted, changed, or operated below the specified frequency during normal operation. This signal is connected to the processor’s CLKIN pin. When an external clock is used, the XTAL pin must be left unconnected. Alternatively, because the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor includes an on-chip oscillator circuit, an external crystal may be used. The crystal should be connected across the CLKIN and XTAL pins, with two capacitors connected as shown in Figure 7. Capacitor values are dependent on crystal type and should be specified by the crystal manufacturer. A parallel-resonant, fundamental frequency, microprocessor-grade crystal should be used. VOLTAGE REGULATION The Blackfin processor provides an on-chip voltage regulator that can generate processor core voltage levels 0.85 V to 1.2 V from an external 2.25 V to 3.6 V supply. Figure 6 shows the typical external components required to complete the power management system.† The regulator controls the internal logic voltage levels and is programmable with the voltage regulator control register (VR_CTL) in increments of 50 mV. To reduce standby power consumption, the internal voltage regulator can be programmed to remove power to the processor core while keeping I/O power (VDDEXT) supplied. While in hibernation, VDDEXT can still be applied, eliminating the need for external buffers. The voltage regulator can be activated from this powerdown state either through an RTC wakeup or by asserting RESET, which will then initiate a boot sequence. The regulator can also be disabled and bypassed at the user’s discretion. CLKIN XTAL CLKOUT Figure 7. External Crystal Connections CLOCK SIGNALS The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor can be clocked by an external crystal, a sine wave input, or a buffered, shaped clock derived from an external clock oscillator. As shown in Figure 8 on Page 14, the core clock (CCLK) and system peripheral clock (SCLK) are derived from the input clock (CLKIN) signal. An on-chip PLL is capable of multiplying the CLKIN signal by a user programmable 0.5× to 64× multiplication factor (bounded by specified minimum and maximum VCO frequencies). The default multiplier is 10×, but it can be modified by a software instruction sequence. On-the-fly frequency changes can be effected by simply writing to the PLL_DIV register. All on-chip peripherals are clocked by the system clock (SCLK). The system clock frequency is programmable by means of the SSEL3–0 bits of the PLL_DIV register. The values programmed † See EE-228: Switching Regulator Design Considerations for Blackfin Processors. Rev. D | Page 13 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 “FI NE” ADJUSTMENT REQUI RES PLL SEQ UENCING “CO ARSE” ADJUSTMENT ON-THE-FLY BOOTING MODES The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor has two mechanisms (listed in Table 8) for automatically loading internal L1 instruction memory after a reset. A third mode is provided to execute from external memory, bypassing the boot sequence. Table 8. Booting Modes ÷ 1, 2, 4, 8 CLKIN PLL 0.5 × to 64 × CCLK VCO ÷ 1 to 15 SCLK BMODE1–0 00 SCLK ≤ CCLK SCLK ≤ 133 MHz Figure 8. Frequency Modification Methods 01 10 11 into the SSEL fields define a divide ratio between the PLL output (VCO) and the system clock. SCLK divider values are 1 through 15. Table 6 illustrates typical system clock ratios. Table 6. Example System Clock Ratios Example Frequency Ratios Divider Ratio (MHz) VCO/SCLK VCO SCLK 1:1 100 100 3:1 400 133 Description Execute from 16-bit external memory (bypass boot ROM) Boot from 8-bit or 16-bit FLASH Boot from SPI host slave mode Boot from SPI serial EEPROM (8-, 16-, or 24-bit address range) The BMODE pins of the reset configuration register, sampled during power-on resets and software-initiated resets, implement the following modes: • Execute from 16-bit external memory – Execution starts from address 0x2000 0000 with 16-bit packing. The boot ROM is bypassed in this mode. All configuration settings are set for the slowest device possible (3-cycle hold time; 15-cycle R/W access times; 4-cycle setup). • Boot from 8-bit or 16-bit external flash memory – The flash boot routine located in boot ROM memory space is set up using asynchronous memory bank 0. All configuration settings are set for the slowest device possible (3-cycle hold time; 15-cycle R/W access times; 4-cycle setup). • Boot from SPI serial EEPROM (8-, 16-, or 24-bit addressable) – The SPI uses the PF2 output pin to select a single SPI EEPROM device, submits successive read commands at addresses 0x00, 0x0000, and 0x000000 until a valid 8-, 16-, or 24-bit addressable EEPROM is detected, and begins clocking data into the beginning of L1 instruction memory. For each of the boot modes, a 10-byte header is first read from an external memory device. The header specifies the number of bytes to be transferred and the memory destination address. Multiple memory blocks may be loaded by any boot sequence. Once all blocks are loaded, program execution commences from the start of L1 instruction SRAM. In addition, Bit 4 of the reset configuration register can be set by application code to bypass the normal boot sequence during a software reset. For this case, the processor jumps directly to the beginning of L1 instruction memory. Signal Name SSEL3–0 0001 0011 The maximum frequency of the system clock is fSCLK. Note that the divisor ratio must be chosen to limit the system clock frequency to its maximum of fSCLK. The SSEL value can be changed dynamically without any PLL lock latencies by writing the appropriate values to the PLL divisor register (PLL_DIV). The core clock (CCLK) frequency can also be dynamically changed by means of the CSEL1–0 bits of the PLL_DIV register. Supported CCLK divider ratios are 1, 2, 4, and 8, as shown in Table 7. This programmable core clock capability is useful for fast core frequency modifications. Table 7. Core Clock Ratios Example Frequency Ratios (MHz) VCO CCLK 300 300 300 150 400 100 200 25 Signal Name CSEL1–0 00 01 10 11 Divider Ratio VCO/CCLK 1:1 2:1 4:1 8:1 INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTION The Blackfin processor family assembly language instruction set employs an algebraic syntax designed for ease of coding and readability. The instructions have been specifically tuned to provide a flexible, densely encoded instruction set that compiles to a very small final memory size. The instruction set also provides fully featured multifunction instructions that allow the programmer to use many of the processor core resources in a single Rev. D | Page 14 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 instruction. Coupled with many features more often seen on microcontrollers, this instruction set is very efficient when compiling C and C++ source code. In addition, the architecture supports both user (algorithm/application code) and supervisor (O/S kernel, device drivers, debuggers, ISRs) modes of operation, allowing multiple levels of access to core processor resources. The assembly language, which takes advantage of the processor’s unique architecture, offers the following advantages: • Seamlessly integrated DSP/CPU features are optimized for both 8-bit and 16-bit operations. • A multi-issue load/store modified Harvard architecture, which supports two 16-bit MAC or four 8-bit ALU + two load/store + two pointer updates per cycle. • All registers, I/O, and memory are mapped into a unified 4G byte memory space, providing a simplified programming model. • Microcontroller features, such as arbitrary bit and bit-field manipulation, insertion, and extraction; integer operations on 8-, 16-, and 32-bit data types; and separate user and supervisor stack pointers. • Code density enhancements, which include intermixing of 16-bit and 32-bit instructions (no mode switching, no code segregation). Frequently used instructions are encoded in 16 bits. Statistical profiling enables the programmer to nonintrusively poll the processor as it is running the program. This feature, unique to VisualDSP++, enables the software developer to passively gather important code execution metrics without interrupting the real-time characteristics of the program. Essentially, the developer can identify bottlenecks in software quickly and efficiently. By using the profiler, the programmer can focus on those areas in the program that impact performance and take corrective action. Debugging both C/C++ and assembly programs with the VisualDSP++ debugger, programmers can: • View mixed C/C++ and assembly code (interleaved source and object information). • Insert breakpoints. • Set conditional breakpoints on registers, memory, and stacks. • Trace instruction execution. • Perform linear or statistical profiling of program execution. • Fill, dump, and graphically plot the contents of memory. • Perform source level debugging. • Create custom debugger windows. The VisualDSP++ IDDE lets programmers define and manage software development. Its dialog boxes and property pages let programmers configure and manage all of the Blackfin development tools, including the color syntax highlighting in the VisualDSP++ editor. This capability permits programmers to: • Control how the development tools process inputs and generate outputs • Maintain a one-to-one correspondence with the tool’s command line switches The VisualDSP++ Kernel (VDK) incorporates scheduling and resource management tailored specifically to address the memory and timing constraints of DSP programming. These capabilities enable engineers to develop code more effectively, eliminating the need to start from the very beginning, when developing new application code. The VDK features include threads, critical and unscheduled regions, semaphores, events, and device flags. The VDK also supports priority-based, preemptive, cooperative, and time-sliced scheduling approaches. In addition, the VDK was designed to be scalable. If the application does not use a specific feature, the support code for that feature is excluded from the target system. Because the VDK is a library, a developer can decide whether to use it or not. The VDK is integrated into the VisualDSP++ development environment, but can also be used via standard command line tools. When the VDK is used, the development environment assists the developer with many error prone tasks and assists in managing system resources, automating the generation of various VDK-based objects, and visualizing the system state, when debugging an application that uses the VDK. VCSE is Analog Devices technology for creating, using, and reusing software components (independent modules of substantial functionality) to quickly and reliably assemble software DEVELOPMENT TOOLS The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor is supported with a complete set of CROSSCORE®† software and hardware development tools, including Analog Devices emulators and VisualDSP++®‡ development environment. The same emulator hardware that supports other Blackfin processors also fully emulates the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor. The VisualDSP++ project management environment lets programmers develop and debug an application. This environment includes an easy to use assembler (which is based on an algebraic syntax), an archiver (librarian/library builder), a linker, a loader, a cycle-accurate instruction level simulator, a C/C++ compiler, and a C/C++ runtime library that includes DSP and mathematical functions. A key point for these tools is C/C++ code efficiency. The compiler has been developed for efficient translation of C/C++ code to processor assembly. The processor has architectural features that improve the efficiency of compiled C/C++ code. The VisualDSP++ debugger has a number of important features. Data visualization is enhanced by a plotting package that offers a significant level of flexibility. This graphical representation of user data enables the programmer to quickly determine the performance of an algorithm. As algorithms grow in complexity, this capability can have increasing significance on the designer’s development schedule, increasing productivity. † ‡ CROSSCORE is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc. VisualDSP++ is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc. Rev. D | Page 15 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 applications. Components can be downloaded from the Web and dropped into the application. Component archives can be published from within VisualDSP++. VCSE supports component implementation in C/C++ or assembly language. Use the expert linker to visually manipulate the placement of code and data on the embedded system. View memory utilization in a color coded graphical form, easily move code and data to different areas of the processor or external memory with the drag of the mouse, and examine runtime stack and heap usage. The expert linker is fully compatible with existing linker definition file (LDF), allowing the developer to move between the graphical and textual environments. Analog Devices emulators use the IEEE 1149.1 JTAG test access port of the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor to monitor and control the target board processor during emulation. The emulator provides full speed emulation, allowing inspection and modification of memory, registers, and processor stacks. Nonintrusive in-circuit emulation is assured by the use of the processor’s JTAG interface—the emulator does not affect target system loading or timing. In addition to the software and hardware development tools available from Analog Devices, third parties provide a wide range of tools supporting the Blackfin processor family. Hardware tools include Blackfin processor PC plug-in cards. Third party software tools include DSP libraries, real-time operating systems, and block diagram design tools. Reference on the Analog Devices website (www.analog.com)— use site search on “EE-68.” This document is updated regularly to keep pace with improvements to emulator support. RELATED DOCUMENTS The following publications that describe the ADSP-BF531/ ADSP-BF532 processors (and related processors) can be ordered from any Analog Devices sales office or accessed electronically on our website: • Getting Started With Blackfin Processors • ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Processor Hardware Reference • ADSP-BF53x/BF56x Blackfin Processor Programming Reference • ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Blackfin Processor Anomaly List EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation Board For evaluation of ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processors, use the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 EZ-KIT Lite® board available from Analog Devices. Order part number ADDSBF533-EZLITE. The board comes with on-chip emulation capabilities and is equipped to enable software development. Multiple daughter cards are available. DESIGNING AN EMULATOR-COMPATIBLE PROCESSOR BOARD The Analog Devices family of emulators are tools that every system developer needs to test and debug hardware and software systems. Analog Devices has supplied an IEEE 1149.1 JTAG test access port (TAP) on each JTAG processor. The emulator uses the TAP to access the internal features of the processor, allowing the developer to load code, set breakpoints, observe variables, observe memory, and examine registers. The processor must be halted to send data and commands, but once an operation has been completed by the emulator, the processor system is set running at full speed with no impact on system timing. To use these emulators, the target board must include a header that connects the processor’s JTAG port to the emulator. For details on target board design issues including mechanical layout, single processor connections, multiprocessor scan chains, signal buffering, signal termination, and emulator pod logic, see the EE-68: Analog Devices JTAG Emulation Technical Rev. D | Page 16 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 PIN DESCRIPTIONS ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor pin definitions are listed in Table 9. All pins are three-stated during and immediately after reset, except the memory interface, asynchronous memory control, and synchronous memory control pins, which are driven high. If BR is active, then the memory pins are also three-stated. All unused I/O pins have their input buffers disabled with the exception of the pins that need pull-ups or pull-downs as noted in the table footnotes. In order to maintain maximum functionality and reduce package size and pin count, some pins have dual, multiplexed functionality. In cases where pin functionality is reconfigurable, the default state is shown in plain text, while alternate functionality is shown in italics. Table 9. Pin Descriptions Pin Name Memory Interface ADDR19–1 DATA15–0 ABE1–0/SDQM1–0 BR BG BGH Asynchronous Memory Control AMS3–0 ARDY AOE ARE AWE Synchronous Memory Control SRAS SCAS SWE SCKE CLKOUT SA10 SMS Timers TMR0 TMR1/PPI_FS1 TMR2/PPI_FS2 I/O I/O I/O Timer 0 Timer 1/PPI Frame Sync1 Timer 2/PPI Frame Sync2 C C C None None None O O O O O O O Row Address Strobe Column Address Strobe Write Enable Clock Enable Clock Output A10 Pin Bank Select A A A A B A A None None None None None None None O I O O O Bank Select Hardware Ready Control Output Enable Read Enable Write Enable A A A A None Pull-up Required If Function Not Used None None None O I/O O I O O Address Bus for Async/Sync Access Data Bus for Async/Sync Access Bus Request Bus Grant Bus Grant Hang A A A A None None None Pull-up Required If Function Not Used None None Type Function Driver Type1 Pull-Up/Down Requirement Byte Enables/Data Masks for Async/Sync Access A Rev. D | Page 17 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Table 9. Pin Descriptions (Continued) Pin Name Parallel Peripheral Interface Port/GPIO PF0/SPISS PF1/SPISEL1/TMRCLK PF2/SPISEL2 PF3/SPISEL3/PPI_FS3 PF4/SPISEL4/PPI15 PF5/SPISEL5/PPI14 PF6/SPISEL6/PPI13 PF7/SPISEL7/PPI12 PF8/PPI11 PF9/PPI10 PF10/PPI9 PF11/PPI8 PF12/PPI7 PF13/PPI6 PF14/PPI5 PF15/PPI4 PPI3–0 PPI_CLK JTAG Port TCK TDO TDI TMS TRST EMU SPI Port MOSI MISO SCK I/O I/O I/O Master Out Slave In Master In Slave Out SPI Clock C C D None Pull HIGH Through a 4.7 kΩ Resistor if Booting via the SPI Port. None I O I I I O JTAG Clock JTAG Serial Data Out JTAG Serial Data In JTAG Mode Select JTAG Reset Emulation Output C C Internal Pull-down None Internal Pull-down Internal Pull-down External Pull-down If JTAG Not Used None I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I Programmable Flag 0/SPI Slave Select Input Programmable Flag 1/SPI Slave Select Enable 1/External Timer Reference Programmable Flag 2/SPI Slave Select Enable 2 Programmable Flag 3/SPI Slave Select Enable 3/PPI Frame Sync 3 Programmable Flag 4/SPI Slave Select Enable 4/PPI 15 Programmable Flag 5/SPI Slave Select Enable 5/PPI 14 Programmable Flag 6/SPI Slave Select Enable 6/PPI 13 Programmable Flag 7/SPI Slave Select Enable 7/PPI 12 Programmable Flag 8/PPI 11 Programmable Flag 9/PPI 10 Programmable Flag 10/PPI 9 Programmable Flag 11/PPI 8 Programmable Flag 12/PPI 7 Programmable Flag 13/PPI 6 Programmable Flag 14/PPI 5 Programmable Flag 15/PPI 4 PPI3–0 PPI Clock C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None Type Function Driver Type1 Pull-Up/Down Requirement Rev. D | Page 18 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Table 9. Pin Descriptions (Continued) Pin Name Serial Ports RSCLK0 RFS0 DR0PRI DR0SEC TSCLK0 TFS0 DT0PRI DT0SEC RSCLK1 RFS1 DR1PRI DR1SEC TSCLK1 TFS1 DT1PRI DT1SEC UART Port RX TX Real-Time Clock RTXI RTXO Clock CLKIN XTAL Mode Controls RESET NMI BMODE1–0 Voltage Regulator VROUT1–0 Supplies VDDEXT VDDINT VDDRTC GND 1 Type Function I/O I/O I I I/O I/O O O I/O I/O I I I/O I/O O O I O I O I O I I I O P P P G SPORT0 Receive Serial Clock SPORT0 Receive Frame Sync SPORT0 Receive Data Primary SPORT0 Receive Data Secondary SPORT0 Transmit Serial Clock SPORT0 Transmit Frame Sync SPORT0 Transmit Data Primary SPORT0 Transmit Data Secondary SPORT1 Receive Serial Clock SPORT1 Receive Frame Sync SPORT1 Receive Data Primary SPORT1 Receive Data Secondary SPORT1 Transmit Serial Clock SPORT1 Transmit Frame Sync SPORT1 Transmit Data Primary SPORT1 Transmit Data Secondary UART Receive UART Transmit RTC Crystal Input RTC Crystal Output Clock/Crystal Input Crystal Output Reset Nonmaskable Interrupt Boot Mode Strap External FET Drive I/O Power Supply Core Power Supply Real-Time Clock Power Supply External Ground Driver Type1 Pull-Up/Down Requirement D C None None None None D C C C D C None None None None None None None None D C C C None None None None None C None Pull LOW when not used N/A Needs to be at a Level or Clocking None Always Active if Core Power On Pull LOW when not used Pull-up or Pull-down Required N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Refer to Figure 28 on Page 43 to Figure 39 on Page 44. Rev. D | Page 19 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 SPECIFICATIONS Component specifications are subject to change without notice. OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter VDDINT Internal Supply Voltage VDDINT Internal Supply Voltage 1, 2 1, 3 2 Conditions Min Nominal 0.8 1.2 0.95 1.2 2.7 3.3 Max Unit 1.32 1.32 3.6 V V V V V V V V V VDDEXT External Supply Voltage VDDRTC Real-Time Clock Power Supply Voltage2 1.75 1.8/2.5/3.3 3.6 1.75 1.8/2.5/3.3 3.6 2.7 VDDEXT = 1.85 V VDDEXT = Maximum VDDEXT = Maximum VDDEXT = 1.75 V VDDEXT = 2.25 V 1.3 2.0 2.2 –0.3 –0.3 3.3 3.6 1.85 3.6 3.6 VDDEXT External Supply Voltage3, 4 VDDRTC Real-Time Clock Power Supply Voltage3, 4 VIH VIH VIL VIL TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ 1 2 High Level Input Voltage5, 6 High Level Input Voltage 5, 6 7 VIHCLKIN High Level Input Voltage Low Level Input Voltage5, 8 Low Level Input Voltage5, 8 Junction Temperature Junction Temperature Junction Temperature Junction Temperature Junction Temperature +0.3 V +0.6 V +100 °C +125 °C +100 °C +125 °C +100 °C 160-Ball Chip Scale Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) @ TAMBIENT = –40°C to +85°C –40 160-Ball Chip Scale Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) @ TAMBIENT = –40°C to +105°C –40 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) @ TAMBIENT = –40°C to +85°C 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) @ TAMBIENT = –40°C to +105°C 176-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP) @ TAMBIENT = –40°C to +85°C –40 –40 –40 The regulator can generate VDDINT at levels of 0.85 V to 1.2 V with –5 % to +10 % tolerance. Nonautomotive grade parts, see Ordering Guide on Page 60. 3 Automotive grade parts, see Ordering Guide on Page 60. 4 Automotive grade parts in 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) package, see Ordering Guide on Page 60. 5 The ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processors are 3.3 V tolerant (always accepts up to 3.6 V maximum VIH), but voltage compliance (on outputs, VOH) depends on the input VDDEXT, because VOH (maximum) approximately equals VDDEXT (maximum). This 3.3 V tolerance applies to bidirectional pins (DATA15–0, TMR2–0, PF15–0, PPI3–0, RSCLK1–0, TSCLK1–0, RFS1–0, TFS1–0, MOSI, MISO, SCK) and input only pins (BR, ARDY, PPI_CLK, DR0PRI, DR0SEC, DR1PRI, DR1SEC, RX, RTXI, TCK, TDI, TMS, TRST, CLKIN, RESET, NMI, and BMODE1–0). 6 Parameter value applies to all input and bidirectional pins except CLKIN. 7 Parameter value applies to CLKIN pin only. 8 Parameter value applies to all input and bidirectional pins. Rev. D | Page 20 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter VOH VOH VOH VOL VOL IIH IIHP IIL 4 Test Conditions High Level Output Voltage High Level Output Voltage Low Level Output Voltage Low Level Output Voltage High Level Input Current Low Level Input Current 2 1 Min Typical Max Unit 1.5 1.9 2.4 0.2 0.4 V V V V V @ VDDEXT = 1.75 V, IOH = –0.5 mA @ VDDEXT = 2.25 V, IOH = –0.5 mA @ VDDEXT = 3.0 V, IOH = –0.5 mA @ VDDEXT = 1.75 V, IOL = 2.0 mA @ VDDEXT = 2.25 V/3.0 V, IOL = 2.0 mA @ VDDEXT = Maximum, VIN = VDD Maximum @ VDDEXT = Maximum, VIN = VDD Maximum @ VDDEXT = Maximum, VIN = 0 V 5 5 High Level Output Voltage1 1 1 1 10.0 µA 50.0 µA 10.0 µA 10.0 µA 10.0 µA 4 50 7.5 10 20 132 20 87 pF µA mA mA mA mA µA High Level Input Current JTAG3 2 IOZH IOZL CIN IDDHIBERNATE IDDDEEPSLEEP IDDSLEEP IDD_TYP8, 9 IDD_TYP IDDRTC 1 2 Three-State Leakage Current Three-State Leakage Current Input Capacitance6 @ VDDEXT = Maximum, VIN = VDD Maximum @ VDDEXT = Maximum, VIN = 0 V fIN = 1 MHz, TAMBIENT = 25°C, VIN = 2.5 V VDDEXT = 3.65 V with voltage regulator off (VDDINT = 0 V ) VDDINT = 0.8 V, TJUNCTION = 25°C VDDINT = 0.8 V, TJUNCTION = 25°C VDDINT = 0.8 V, fIN = 50 MHz, TJUNCTION = 25°C VDDINT = 1.14 V, fIN = 400 MHz, TJUNCTION = 25°C VDDRTC = 3.3 V, TJUNCTION = 25°C 4 VDDINT Current in Hibernate Mode VDDINT Current in Deep Sleep Mode VDDINT Current in Sleep Mode VDDINT Current Dissipation (Typical) VDDINT Current Dissipation (Typical) VDDRTC Current 8 8, 9 Applies to output and bidirectional pins. Applies to input pins except JTAG inputs. 3 Applies to JTAG input pins (TCK, TDI, TMS, TRST). 4 Absolute value. 5 Applies to three-statable pins. 6 Applies to all signal pins. 7 Guaranteed, but not tested. 8 See Power Dissipation on Page 45. 9 Processor executing 75% dual MAC, 25% ADD with moderate data bus activity. Rev. D | Page 21 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Stresses greater than those listed in the table may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions greater than those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Parameter Internal (Core) Supply Voltage (VDDINT) External (I/O) Supply Voltage (VDDEXT) Input Voltage 1 PACKAGE INFORMATION The information presented in Figure 9 and Table 11 provides information about how to read the package brand and relate it to specific product features. For a complete listing of product offerings, see the Ordering Guide on Page 60. a ADSP-BF531 tppZccc vvvvvv.x n.n yyww country_of_origin Rating –0.3 V to +1.4 V –0.5 V to +3.8 V – 0.5 V to +3.8 V –0.5 V to VDDEXT +0.5 V 200 pF –65°C to +150°C 125°C B Figure 9. Product Information on Package Output Voltage Swing Load Capacitance Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature Under Bias 1 Table 11. Package Brand Information Brand Key t pp Z ccc vvvvvv.x n.n yyww Field Description Temperature Range Package Type Lead Free Option (Optional) See Ordering Guide Assembly Lot Code Silicon Revision Date Code Applies to 100% transient duty cycle. For other duty cycles see Table 10. Table 10. Maximum Duty Cycle for Input Transient Voltage1 VIN Min (V) –0.50 –0.70 –0.80 –0.90 –1.00 1 VIN Max (V) +3.80 +4.00 +4.10 +4.20 +4.30 Maximum Duty Cycle 100% 40% 25% 15% 10% Applies to all signal pins with the exception of CLKIN, XTAL, VROUT1–0. ESD SENSITIVITY CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Rev. D | Page 22 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 TIMING SPECIFICATIONS Table 12 through Table 14 describe the timing requirements for the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor clocks. Take care in selecting MSEL, SSEL, and CSEL ratios so as not to exceed the maximum core clock and system clock as described in Absolute Table 12. Core Clock Requirements TJUNCTION = 125°C Min Max 2.50 3.00 3.39 All1 Other TJUNCTION Min Max 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.57 4.00 Maximum Ratings on Page 22, and the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) operating frequencies described in Table 13. Table 13 describes phase-locked loop operating conditions. Parameter tCCLK Core Cycle Period (VDDINT =1.14 V minimum) tCCLK Core Cycle Period (VDDINT =1.045 V minimum) tCCLK Core Cycle Period (VDDINT =0.95 V minimum) tCCLK Core Cycle Period (VDDINT =0.85 V minimum) tCCLK Core Cycle Period (VDDINT =0.8 V ) 1 Unit ns ns ns ns ns See Operating Conditions on Page 20. Table 13. Phase-Locked Loop Operating Conditions Parameter fVCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) Frequency Min 50 Max Maximum fCCLK Unit MHz Table 14. Maximum SCLK Conditions Parameter1 MBGA/PBGA fSCLK fSCLK LQFP fSCLK fSCLK 1 VDDEXT = 1.8 V CLKOUT/SCLK Frequency (VDDINT ≥ 1.14 V) CLKOUT/SCLK Frequency (VDDINT < 1.14 V) CLKOUT/SCLK Frequency (VDDINT ≥ 1.14 V) CLKOUT/SCLK Frequency (VDDINT < 1.14 V) 100 100 100 83 VDDEXT = 2.5 V 133 100 133 83 VDDEXT = 3.3 V 133 100 133 83 Unit MHz MHz MHz MHz tSCLK (= 1/fSCLK) must be greater than or equal to tCCLK. Rev. D | Page 23 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Clock and Reset Timing Table 15 and Figure 10 describe clock and reset operations. Per Absolute Maximum Ratings on Page 22, combinations of CLKIN and clock multipliers must not select core/peripheral clocks in excess of 400 MHz/133 MHz. Table 15. Clock and Reset Timing Parameter Timing Requirements tCKIN CLKIN Period tCKINL CLKIN Low Pulse2 CLKIN High Pulse1 tCKINH tWRST RESET Asserted Pulse Width Low3 1 2 Min 25.0 10.0 10.0 11 tCKIN Max 100.01 Unit ns ns ns ns If DF bit in PLL_CTL register is set, then the maximum tCKIN period is 50 ns. Applies to bypass mode and nonbypass mode. 3 Applies after power-up sequence is complete. At power-up, the processor’s internal phase-locked loop requires no more than 2,000 CLKIN cycles, while RESET is asserted, assuming stable power supplies and CLKIN (not including start-up time of external clock oscillator). tCKIN CLKIN tCKINL RESET tCKINH tWRST Figure 10. Clock and Reset Timing Rev. D | Page 24 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Asynchronous Memory Read Cycle Timing Table 16. Asynchronous Memory Read Cycle Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 2.1 1.0 4.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 0.8 2.1 0.8 4.0 0.0 6.0 ns ns ns ns ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tSDAT DATA15–0 Setup Before CLKOUT tHDAT DATA15–0 Hold After CLKOUT tSARDY ARDY Setup Before CLKOUT tHARDY ARDY Hold After CLKOUT Switching Characteristics Output Delay After CLKOUT1 tDO tHO Output Hold After CLKOUT 1 1 Output pins include AMS3–0, ABE1–0, ADDR19–1, AOE, ARE. HOLD 1 CYCLE SETUP 2 CYCLES PROGRAMMED READ ACCESS 4 CYCLES ACCESS EXTENDED 3 CYCLES CLKOUT t DO AMSx t HO ABE1–0 ADDR19–1 ABE, ADDRESS AOE t DO ARE tHO t SARDY ARDY t HARDY tHARDY t SARDY t SDAT tHDAT DATA15–0 READ Figure 11. Asynchronous Memory Read Cycle Timing Rev. D | Page 25 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Asynchronous Memory Write Cycle Timing Table 17. Asynchronous Memory Write Cycle Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 4.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 6.0 4.0 0.0 6.0 ns ns ns ns ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tSARDY ARDY Setup Before CLKOUT tHARDY ARDY Hold After CLKOUT Switching Characteristics tDDAT DATA15–0 Disable After CLKOUT tENDAT DATA15–0 Enable After CLKOUT Output Delay After CLKOUT1 tDO tHO Output Hold After CLKOUT 1 1 Output pins include AMS3–0, ABE1–0, ADDR19–1, DATA15–0, AOE, AWE. ACCESS EXTENDED 1 CYCLE SETUP 2 CYCLES PROGRAMMED WRITE ACCESS 2 CYCLES HOLD 1 CYCLE CLKOUT t DO AMSx t HO ABE1–0 ADDR19–1 ABE, ADDRESS tDO AWE tHO t SARDY ARDY t HARDY t ENDAT DATA15–0 WRITE DATA tSARDY t DD AT Figure 12. Asynchronous Memory Write Cycle Timing Rev. D | Page 26 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 SDRAM Interface Timing Table 18. SDRAM Interface Timing1 VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 2.1 0.0 10.0 2.5 2.5 6.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.5 0.8 7.5 2.5 2.5 4.0 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tSSDAT DATA Setup Before CLKOUT tHSDAT DATA Hold After CLKOUT Switching Characteristics tSCLK CLKOUT Period2 tSCLKH CLKOUT Width High CLKOUT Width Low tSCLKL tDCAD Command, ADDR, Data Delay After CLKOUT3 tHCAD Command, ADDR, Data Hold After CLKOUT1 tDSDAT Data Disable After CLKOUT tENSDAT Data Enable After CLKOUT 1 2 SDRAM timing for TJUNCTION = 125°C is limited to 100 MHz. Refer to Table 14 on Page 23 for maximum fSCLK at various VDDINT. 3 Command pins include: SRAS, SCAS, SWE, SDQM, SMS, SA10, SCKE. tSCLK CLKOUT tSCLKH tSSDAT tH SDAT DATA(IN) tSCLKL tDC AD tENSDAT DATA(OUT) tDSDAT tHCAD tDCAD CMND ADDR (OUT) tHCAD NOTE: COMMAND = SRAS, SCAS, SWE , SDQM, SMS, SA10, SCKE. Figure 13. SDRAM Interface Timing Rev. D | Page 27 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 External Port Bus Request and Grant Cycle Timing Table 19 and Figure 14 describe external port bus request and bus grant operations. Table 19. External Port Bus Request and Grant Cycle Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 4.6 1.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 0.0 4.5 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tBS BR Asserted to CLKOUT High Setup tBH CLKOUT High to BR Deasserted Hold Time Switching Characteristics CLKOUT Low to xMS, Address, and RD/WR Disable tSD tSE CLKOUT Low to xMS, Address, and RD/WR Enable tDBG CLKOUT High to BG High Setup tEBG CLKOUT High to BG Deasserted Hold Time tDBH CLKOUT High to BGH High Setup tEBH CLKOUT High to BGH Deasserted Hold Time CLKOUT tBS BR tBH tSD AMSx tSE tSD tSE ADDR19-1 ABE1-0 tSD tSE AWE ARE tDBG BG tEBG tDBH BGH tEBH Figure 14. External Port Bus Request and Grant Cycle Timing Rev. D | Page 28 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Parallel Peripheral Interface Timing Table 20 and Figure 15 on Page 29 describe parallel peripheral interface operations. Table 20. Parallel Peripheral Interface Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 6.0 15.0 6.0 1.0 3.5 1.5 8.0 1.7 9.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 9.0 6.0 15.0 4.0 1.0 3.5 1.5 8.0 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tPCLKW PPI_CLK Width tPCLK PPI_CLK Period1 tSFSPE External Frame Sync Setup Before PPI_CLK Edge (Nonsampling Edge for Rx, Sampling Edge for Tx) tHFSPE External Frame Sync Hold After PPI_CLK tSDRPE Receive Data Setup Before PPI_CLK Receive Data Hold After PPI_CLK tHDRPE Switching Characteristics—GP Output and Frame Capture Modes tDFSPE Internal Frame Sync Delay After PPI_CLK tHOFSPE Internal Frame Sync Hold After PPI_CLK tDDTPE Transmit Data Delay After PPI_CLK tHDTPE Transmit Data Hold After PPI_CLK 1 PPI_CLK frequency cannot exceed fSCLK/2 FRAME SYNC IS DRIVEN OUT POLC = 0 PPI_CLK DATA0 IS SAMPLED PPI_CLK POLC = 1 t tHOFSPE POLS = 1 PPI_FS1 POLS = 0 DFSPE POLS = 1 PPI_FS2 POLS = 0 tSDRPE tHDRPE PPI_DATA Figure 15. PPI GP Rx Mode with Internal Frame Sync Timing Rev. D | Page 29 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 FRAME SYNC IS SAMPLED FOR DATA0 DATA0 IS SAMPLED PPI_CLK POLC = 0 PPI_CLK POLC = 1 DATA1 IS SAMPLED t tSFSPE POLS = 1 PPI_FS1 POLS = 0 HFSPE POLS = 1 PPI_FS2 POLS = 0 t SDRPE t HDRPE PPI_DATA Figure 16. PPI GP Rx Mode with External Frame Sync Timing FRAME SYNC IS SAMPLED PPI_CLK POLC = 0 PPI_CLK POLC = 1 t t POLS = 1 PPI_FS1 POLS = 0 SFSPE HFSPE DATA0 IS DRIVEN OUT POLS = 1 PPI_FS2 POLS = 0 t HDTPE PPI_DATA DATA0 t DDTPE Figure 17. PPI GP Tx Mode with External Frame Sync Timing Rev. D | Page 30 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 FRAME SYNC IS DRIVEN OUT DATA0 IS DRIVEN OUT PPI_CLK POLC = 0 PPI_CLK POLC = 1 t tHOFSPE POLS = 1 PPI_FS1 POLS = 0 DFSPE POLS = 1 PPI_FS2 POLS = 0 tDDTPE t HDTPE PPI_DATA DATA0 Figure 18. PPI GP Tx Mode with Internal Frame Sync Timing Rev. D | Page 31 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Serial Ports Table 21 on Page 32 through Table 24 on Page 33 and Figure 19 on Page 34 through Figure 21 on Page 36 describe Serial Port operations. Table 21. Serial Ports—External Clock VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.5 15.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.5 15.0 10.0 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tSFSE TFS/RFS Setup Before TSCLK/RSCLK1 tHFSE TFS/RFS Hold After TSCLK/RSCLK1 tSDRE Receive Data Setup Before RSCLK1 tHDRE Receive Data Hold After RSCLK1 tSCLKEW TSCLK/RSCLK Width TSCLK/RSCLK Period tSCLKE Switching Characteristics tDFSE TFS/RFS Delay After TSCLK/RSCLK (Internally Generated TFS/RFS)2 tHOFSE TFS/RFS Hold After TSCLK/RSCLK (Internally Generated TFS/RFS)1 tDDTE Transmit Data Delay After TSCLK1 tHDTE Transmit Data Hold After TSCLK1 1 2 Referenced to sample edge. Referenced to drive edge. Table 22. Serial Ports—Internal Clock VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 11.0 −2.0 9.0 0.0 4.5 15.0 3.0 −1.0 3.0 −2.0 4.5 −2.0 4.5 −1.0 3.0 9.0 −2.0 9.0 0.0 4.5 15.0 3.0 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tSFSI TFS/RFS Setup Before TSCLK/RSCLK1 tHFSI TFS/RFS Hold After TSCLK/RSCLK1 tSDRI Receive Data Setup Before RSCLK1 tHDRI Receive Data Hold After RSCLK1 tSCLKEW TSCLK/RSCLK Width tSCLKE TSCLK/RSCLK Period Switching Characteristics tDFSI TFS/RFS Delay After TSCLK/RSCLK (Internally Generated TFS/RFS)2 tHOFSI TFS/RFS Hold After TSCLK/RSCLK (Internally Generated TFS/RFS)1 tDDTI Transmit Data Delay After TSCLK1 Transmit Data Hold After TSCLK1 tHDTI tSCLKIW TSCLK/RSCLK Width 1 2 Referenced to sample edge. Referenced to drive edge. Rev. D | Page 32 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Table 23. Serial Ports—Enable and Three-State VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 0 10.0 −2.0 3.0 −2.0 3.0 0 10.0 ns ns ns ns Parameter Switching Characteristics tDTENE Data Enable Delay from External TSCLK1 tDDTTE Data Disable Delay from External TSCLK1 tDTENI Data Enable Delay from Internal TSCLK1 tDDTTI Data Disable Delay from Internal TSCLK1 1 Referenced to drive edge. Table 24. External Late Frame Sync VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 10.0 0 0 10.0 ns ns Parameter Switching Characteristics tDDTLFSE Data Delay from Late External TFS or External RFS with MCE = 1, MFD = 01, 2 tDTENLFS Data Enable from Late FS or MCE = 1, MFD = 01,2 1 2 MCE = 1, TFS enable and TFS valid follow tDTENLFS and tDDTLFSE. If external RFS/TFS setup to RSCLK/TSCLK > tSCLKE/2, then tDDTE/I and tDTENE/I apply; otherwise tDDTLFSE and tDTENLFS apply. Rev. D | Page 33 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 DATA RECEIVE—INTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE EDGE SAMPLE EDGE DATA RECEIVE—EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE EDGE SAMPLE EDGE tSCLKIW RSCLK RSCLK tSCLKEW tDFSE tHOFSE RFS tDFSE tSFSI tHFSI RFS tHOFSE tSFSE tHFSE tSDRI DR tHDRI DR tSDRE tHDRE NOTE: EITHER THE RISING EDGE OR FALLING EDGE OF RCLK OR TCLK CAN BE USED AS THE ACTIVE SAMPLING EDGE. DATA TRANSMIT—INTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE EDGE SAMPLE EDGE DATA TRANSMIT—EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE EDGE SAMPLE EDGE tSCLKIW TSCLK TSCLK tSCLKEW tDFSI tHOFSI TFS tDFSE tSFSI tHFSI TFS tHOFSE tSFSE tHFSE tDDTI tHDTI DT DT tDDTE tHDTE NOTE: EITHER THE RISING EDGE OR FALLING EDGE OF RCLK OR TCLK CAN BE USED AS THE ACTIVE SAMPLING EDGE. DRIVE EDGE TSCLK (EXT) TFS ("LATE", EXT.) TSCLK / RSCLK DRIVE EDGE tDTENE DT DRIVE EDGE TSCLK (INT) TFS ("LATE", INT.) TSCLK / RSCLK DRIVE EDGE tDDTTE tDTENI DT tDDTTI Figure 19. Serial Ports Rev. D | Page 34 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 EXTERNAL RFS WITH MCE = 1, MFD = 0 DRIVE RSCLK SAMPLE DRIVE tSFSE/I RFS tHOFSE/I tDDTE/I tDTENLFS DT tHDTE/I 2ND BIT 1ST BIT tDDTLFSE LATE EXTERNAL TFS DRIVE TSCLK SAMPLE DRIVE tSFSE/I TFS tHOFSE/I tDDTE/I tDTENLFS DT 1ST BIT tHDTE/I 2ND BIT tDDTLFSE Figure 20. External Late Frame Sync (Frame Sync Setup < tSCLKE/2) Rev. D | Page 35 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 EXTERNAL RFS WITH MCE = 1, MFD = 0 DRIVE SAMPLE DRIVE RSCLK tSFSE/I tHOFSE/I RFS tDDTE/I tDTENLSCK DT 1ST BIT tHDTE/I 2ND BIT tDDTLSCK LATE EXTERNAL TFS DRIVE SAMPLE DRIVE TSCLK tSFSE/I tHOFSE/I TFS tDDTE/I tDTENLSCK DT 1ST BIT tHDTE/I 2ND BIT tDDTLSCK Figure 21. External Late Frame Sync (Frame Sync Setup > tSCLKE/2) Rev. D | Page 36 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port —Master Timing Table 25 and Figure 22 describe SPI port master operations. Table 25. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port—Master Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max 8.5 –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 4tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 0 6 –1.0 +4.0 7.5 –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 4tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 0 –1.0 Parameter Timing Requirements tSSPIDM Data Input Valid to SCK Edge (Data Input Setup) SCK Sampling Edge to Data Input Invalid tHSPIDM Switching Characteristics tSDSCIM SPISELx Low to First SCK Edge (x=0 or x=1) tSPICHM Serial Clock High Period tSPICLM Serial Clock Low Period tSPICLK Serial Clock Period Last SCK Edge to SPISELx High (x=0 or x=1) tHDSM tSPITDM Sequential Transfer Delay tDDSPIDM SCK Edge to Data Out Valid (Data Out Delay) tHDSPIDM SCK Edge to Data Out Invalid (Data Out Hold) SPISELx (OUTPUT) Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 6 +4.0 tSDSCIM SCK (CPOL = 0) (OUTPUT) tSPICHM tSPICLM tSPICLK tHDSM tSPITDM tSPICLM SCK (CPOL = 1) (OUTPUT) tSPICHM tDDSPIDM MOSI (OUTPUT) CPHA = 1 MISO (INPUT) MSB tHDSPIDM LSB tSSPIDM MSB VALID tHSPIDM tSSPIDM LSB VALID tHSPIDM tDDSPIDM MOSI (OUTPUT) CPHA = 0 MSB tHDSPIDM LSB tSSPIDM MISO (INPUT) MSB VALID tHSPIDM LSB VALID Figure 22. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port—Master Timing Rev. D | Page 37 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port —Slave Timing Table 26 and Figure 23 describe SPI port slave operations. Table 26. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port—Slave Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V Min Max 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 4tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0 9 9 10 10 VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 4tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 2tSCLK –1.5 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0 8 8 10 10 Parameter Timing Requirements tSPICHS Serial Clock High Period Serial Clock Low Period tSPICLS tSPICLK Serial Clock Period tHDS Last SCK Edge to SPISS Not Asserted tSPITDS Sequential Transfer Delay tSDSCI SPISS Assertion to First SCK Edge tSSPID Data Input Valid to SCK Edge (Data Input Setup) SCK Sampling Edge to Data Input Invalid tHSPID Switching Characteristics tDSOE SPISS Assertion to Data Out Active tDSDHI SPISS Deassertion to Data High Impedance tDDSPID SCK Edge to Data Out Valid (Data Out Delay) tHDSPID SCK Edge to Data Out Invalid (Data Out Hold) Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns SPISS (INPUT) tSPICHS SCK (CPOL = 0) (INPUT) tSPICLS tSPICLK tHDS tSPITDS tSDSCI SCK (CPOL = 1) (INPUT) tSPICLS tSPICHS tDSOE tDDSPID tHDSPID tDDSPID tDSDHI LSB MISO (OUTPUT) CPHA = 1 MOSI (INPUT) MSB tSSPID MSB VALID tHSPID tSSPID tHSPID LSB VALID tDSOE MISO (OUTPUT) CPHA = 0 MOSI (INPUT) tDDSPID MSB LSB tDSDHI tHSPID tSSPID MSB VALID LSB VALID Figure 23. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port—Slave Timing Rev. D | Page 38 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) Port—Receive and Transmit Timing Figure 24 describes UART port receive and transmit operations. The maximum baud rate is SCLK/16. As shown in Figure 24 there is some latency between the generation internal UART interrupts and the external data operations. These latencies are negligible at the data transmission rates for the UART. CLKOUT (SAMPLE CLOCK) RXD DATA[8:5] STOP RECEIVE INTERNAL UART RECEIVE INTERRUPT UART RECEIVE BIT SET BY DATA STOP; CLEARED BY FIFO READ START TXD DATA[8:5] STOP[2:1] TRANSMIT INTERNAL UART TRANSMIT INTERRUPT UART TRANSMIT BIT SET BY PROGRAM; CLEARED BY WRITE TO TRANSMIT Figure 24. UART Port—Receive and Transmit Timing Rev. D | Page 39 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Programmable Flags Cycle Timing Table 27 and Figure 25 describe programmable flag operations. Table 27. Programmable Flags Cycle Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit tSCLK + 1 6 tSCLK + 1 6 ns ns Parameter Timing Requirement tWFI Flag Input Pulse Width Switching Characteristic tDFO Flag Output Delay from CLKOUT Low CLKOUT tDFO PF (OUTPUT) FLAG OUTPUT tWFI PF (INPUT) FLAG INPUT Figure 25. Programmable Flags Cycle Timing Rev. D | Page 40 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Timer Cycle Timing Table 28 and Figure 26 describe timer expired operations. The input signal is asynchronous in width capture mode and external clock mode and has an absolute maximum input frequency of fSCLK/2 MHz. Table 28. Timer Cycle Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 1 1 1 1 1 (232–1) 1 (232–1) SCLK SCLK SCLK Parameter Timing Characteristics tWL Timer Pulse Width Input Low1 (Measured in SCLK Cycles) tWH Timer Pulse Width Input High1 (Measured in SCLK Cycles) Switching Characteristic tHTO Timer Pulse Width Output2 (Measured in SCLK Cycles) 1 The minimum pulse widths apply for TMRx input pins in width capture and external clock modes. They also apply to the PF1 or PPI_CLK input pins in PWM output mode. 2 The minimum time for tHTO is one cycle, and the maximum time for tHTO equals (232–1) cycles. CLKOUT tHTO TMRx (PWM OUTPUT MODE) TMRx (WIDTH CAPTURE AND EXTERNAL CLOCK MODES) tWL tWH Figure 26. Timer PWM_OUT Cycle Timing Rev. D | Page 41 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 JTAG Test and Emulation Port Timing Table 29 and Figure 27 describe JTAG port operations. Table 29. JTAG Port Timing VDDEXT = 1.8 V VDDEXT = 2.5 V/3.3 V Min Max Min Max Unit 20 4 4 4 5 4 10 12 20 4 4 4 5 4 10 12 ns ns ns ns ns TCK ns ns Parameter Timing Requirements tTCK TCK Period TDI, TMS Setup Before TCK High tSTAP tHTAP TDI, TMS Hold After TCK High tSSYS System Inputs Setup Before TCK High1 tHSYS System Inputs Hold After TCK High1 tTRSTW TRST Pulse Width2 (Measured in TCK Cycles) Switching Characteristics tDTDO TDO Delay from TCK Low tDSYS System Outputs Delay After TCK Low3 1 0 0 System Inputs = DATA15–0, ARDY, TMR2–0, PF15–0, PPI_CLK, RSCLK0–1, RFS0–1, DR0PRI, DR0SEC, TSCLK0–1, TFS0–1, DR1PRI, DR1SEC, MOSI, MISO, SCK, RX, RESET, NMI, BMODE1–0, BR, PP3–0. 50 MHz maximum 3 System Outputs = DATA15–0, ADDR19–1, ABE1–0, AOE, ARE, AWE, AMS3–0, SRAS, SCAS, SWE, SCKE, CLKOUT, SA10, SMS, TMR2–0, PF15–0, RSCLK0–1, RFS0–1, TSCLK0–1, TFS0–1, DT0PRI, DT0SEC, DT1PRI, DT1SEC, MOSI, MISO, SCK, TX, BG, BGH, PPI3–0. 2 tTCK TCK tSTAP TMS TDI tHTAP tDTDO TDO tSSYS SYSTEM INPUTS tHSYS tDSYS SYSTEM OUTPUTS Figure 27. JTAG Port Timing Rev. D | Page 42 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 OUTPUT DRIVE CURRENTS Figure 28 through Figure 39 show typical current-voltage characteristics for the output drivers of the ADSP-BF531/ ADSP-BF532 processor. The curves represent the current drive capability of the output drivers as a function of output voltage. 150 VDDEXT = 2.75V VDDEXT = 2.50V VDDEXT = 2.25V 150 VDDEXT = 2.75V VDDEXT = 2.50V VDDEXT = 2.25V 100 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 50 0 VOH 100 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) –50 50 –100 VOL 0 VOH –150 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) –50 Figure 31. Drive Current B (VDDEXT = 2.5 V) VOL 80 60 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) –100 –150 VDDEXT = 1.9V VDDEXT = 1.8V VDDEXT = 1.7V SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 Figure 28. Drive Current A (VDDEXT = 2.5 V) 80 60 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) VDDEXT = 1.9V VDDEXT = 1.8V VDDEXT = 1.7V 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 0.5 1.0 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 1.5 2.0 Figure 32. Drive Current B (VDDEXT = 1.8 V) 150 -80 0 0.5 1.0 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 1.5 2.0 100 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) VDDEXT = 3.65V VDDEXT = 2.95V VDDEXT = 3.30V Figure 29. Drive Current A (VDDEXT = 1.8 V) 150 VDDEXT = 3.65V VDDEXT = 3.30V VDDEXT = 2.95V 50 0 VOH –50 100 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 50 –100 VOL 0 VOH –50 –150 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 2.5 3.0 3.5 –100 Figure 33. Drive Current B (VDDEXT = 3.3 V) VOL –150 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) Figure 30. Drive Current A (VDDEXT = 3.3 V) Rev. D | Page 43 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 60 VDDEXT = 2.75V VDDEXT = 2.50V VDDEXT = 2.25V SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 100 80 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 VOL –60 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 –80 –100 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 VOL VOH VDDEXT = 2.75V VDDEXT = 2.50V VDDEXT = 2.25V 40 20 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 0 VOH –20 –40 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) Figure 34. Drive Current C (VDDEXT = 2.5 V) 30 20 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) Figure 37. Drive Current D (VDDEXT = 2.5 V) VDDEXT = 1.9V VDDEXT = 1.8V VDDEXT = 1.7V SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 60 VDDEXT = 1.9V VDDEXT = 1.8V VDDEXT = 1.7V 20 40 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 0 -20 -40 0 0.5 1.0 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 1.5 2.0 -60 0 0.5 1.0 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 1.5 2.0 Figure 35. Drive Current C (VDDEXT = 1.8 V) 100 80 60 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 40 20 0 VOH –20 –40 –60 –80 –100 0 VOL VDDEXT = 3.65V VDDEXT = 3.30V VDDEXT = 2.95V SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 150 Figure 38. Drive Current D (VDDEXT = 1.8 V) 100 VDDEXT = 3.65V VDDEXT = 3.30V VDDEXT = 2.95V 50 0 VOH –50 VOL –100 –150 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 SOURCE VOLTAGE (V) 2.5 3.0 3.5 Figure 39. Drive Current D (VDDEXT = 3.3 V) Figure 36. Drive Current C (VDDEXT = 3.3 V) Rev. D | Page 44 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 POWER DISSIPATION Many operating conditions can affect power dissipation. System designers should refer to EE-229: Estimating Power for ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532/ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Processors on the Analog Devices website (www.analog.com)—use site search on “EE-229.” This document provides detailed information for optimizing your design for lowest power. See the ADSP-BF53x Blackfin Processor Hardware Reference Manual for definitions of the various operating modes and for instructions on how to minimize system power. The time for the voltage on the bus to decay by ∆V is dependent on the capacitive load CL and the load current II. This decay time can be approximated by the equation: t DECAY = ( C L ∆V ) ⁄ I L The time tDECAY is calculated with test loads CL and IL, and with ∆V equal to 0.1 V for VDDEXT (nominal) = 1.8 V or 0.5 V for VDDEXT (nominal) = 2.5 V/3.3 V. The time tDIS_MEASURED is the interval from when the reference signal switches, to when the output voltage decays ∆V from the measured output high or output low voltage. TEST CONDITIONS All timing parameters appearing in this data sheet were measured under the conditions described in this section. Figure 40 shows the measurement point for ac measurements (except output enable/disable). The measurement point VMEAS is 0.95 V for VDDEXT (nominal) = 1.8 V, and 1.5 V for VDDEXT (nominal) = 2.5 V/3.3 V. INPUT OR OUTPUT Example System Hold Time Calculation To determine the data output hold time in a particular system, first calculate tDECAY using the equation given above. Choose ∆V to be the difference between the ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 processor’s output voltage and the input threshold for the device requiring the hold time. CL is the total bus capacitance (per data line), and IL is the total leakage or three-state current (per data line). The hold time will be tDECAY plus the various output disable times as specified in the Timing Specifications on Page 23 (for example tDSDAT for an SDRAM write cycle as shown in SDRAM Interface Timing on Page 27). VMEAS VMEAS Figure 40. Voltage Reference Levels for AC Measurements (Except Output Enable/Disable) Output Enable Time Measurement Output pins are considered to be enabled when they have made a transition from a high impedance state to the point when they start driving. The output enable time tENA is the interval from the point when a reference signal reaches a high or low voltage level to the point when the output starts driving as shown on the right side of Figure 41. The time tENA_MEASURED is the interval, from when the reference signal switches, to when the output voltage reaches VTRIP(high) or VTRIP (low). For VDDEXT (nominal) = 1.8 V—VTRIP (high) is 1.3 V and VTRIP (low) is 0.7 V. For VDDEXT (nominal) = 2.5 V/3.3 V— VTRIP (high) is 2.0 V and VTRIP (low) is 1.0 V . Time tTRIP is the interval from when the output starts driving to when the output reaches the VTRIP (high) or VTRIP (low) trip voltage. Time tENA is calculated as shown in the equation: t ENA = t ENA_MEASURED – t TRIP If multiple pins (such as the data bus) are enabled, the measurement value is that of the first pin to start driving. tDIS VOH (MEASURED) VOL (MEASURED) REFERENCE SIGNAL tDIS_MEASURED tENA VOH (MEASURED) V tENA_MEASURED VOL (MEASURED) + V VOH(MEASURED) VTRIP(HIGH) VTRIP(LOW) VOL(MEASURED) tDECAY tTRIP OUTPUT STOPS DRIVING OUTPUT STARTS DRIVING HIGH IMPEDANCE STATE Figure 41. Output Enable/Disable 50 VLOAD TO OUTPUT PIN 30pF Output Disable Time Measurement Output pins are considered to be disabled when they stop driving, go into a high impedance state, and start to decay from their output high or low voltage. The output disable time tDIS is the difference between tDIS_MEASURED and tDECAY as shown on the left side of Figure 40. t DIS = t DIS_MEASURED – t DECAY Figure 42. Equivalent Device Loading for AC Measurements (Includes All Fixtures) Capacitive Loading Output delays and holds are based on standard capacitive loads: 30 pF on all pins (see Figure 42). VLOAD is 0.95 V for VDDEXT (nominal) = 1.8 V, and 1.5 V for VDDEXT (nominal) = 2.5 V/3.3 V. Figure 43 on Page 46 through Figure 54 on Page 48 show how output rise time varies with capacitance. The delay Rev. D | Page 45 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) and hold specifications given should be derated by a factor derived from these figures. The graphs in these figures may not be linear outside the ranges shown. ABEB0 (133MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT = 1.7V 12 ABE0 (133MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT (MAX) = 3.65V 10 RISE TIME 8 FALL TIME 6 16 14 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) RISE TIME 12 10 FALL TIME 8 6 4 2 0 4 2 0 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 Figure 45. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver A at VDDEXT = 3.65 V CLKOUT (CLKOUT DRIVER), VDDEXT = 1.7V Figure 43. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver A at VDDEXT = 1.8 V ABE_B0 (133MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT (MIN) = 2.25V 14 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) 14 12 RISE TIME 10 12 RISE TIME 10 8 FALL TIME 8 FALL TIME 6 4 6 4 2 0 2 0 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 Figure 46. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver B at VDDEXT = 1.8 V Figure 44. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver A at VDDEXT = 2.25 V Rev. D | Page 46 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 12 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) CLKOUT (CLKOUT DRIVER), VDDEXT (MIN) = 2.25V 30 TMR0 (33MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT = 1.7V 10 RISE TIME 8 FALL TIME RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) 25 RISE TIME 20 6 FALL TIME 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 0 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 Figure 47. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver B at VDDEXT = 2.25 V CLKOUT (CLKOUT DRIVER), VDDEXT (MAX) = 3.65V Figure 49. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver C at VDDEXT = 1.8 V TMR0 (33MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT (MIN) = 2.25V 10 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) 9 8 30 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) RISE TIME 7 6 FALL TIME 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 25 RISE TIME 20 15 FALL TIME 10 5 0 0 50 Figure 48. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver B at VDDEXT = 3.65 V 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 Figure 50. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver C at VDDEXT = 2.25 V Rev. D | Page 47 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 20 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) 18 16 RISE TIME 14 12 FALL TIME 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 TMR0 (33MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT (MAX) = 3.65V RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) 14 SCK (66MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT (MAX) = 3.65V 12 10 RISE TIME 8 FALL TIME 6 4 2 Figure 51. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver C at VDDEXT = 3.65 V SCK (66MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT = 1.7V Figure 54. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver D at VDDEXT = 3.65 V ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS To determine the junction temperature on the application printed circuit board use: T J = T CASE + ( Ψ JT × P D ) where: 18 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) 16 RISE TIME 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 FALL TIME TJ = junction temperature ( C). TCASE = case temperature ( C) measured by customer at top center of package. ΨJT = from Table 30 through Table 32. PD = power dissipation (see Power Dissipation on Page 45 for the method to calculate PD). 0 50 100 150 200 250 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) Values of θJA are provided for package comparison and printed circuit board design considerations. θJA can be used for a first order approximation of TJ by the equation: T J = T A + ( θ JA × P D ) where: TA = ambient temperature ( C). In Table 30 through Table 32, airflow measurements comply with JEDEC standards JESD51–2 and JESD51–6, and the junction-to-board measurement complies with JESD51–8. The junction-to-case measurement complies with MIL-STD-883 (Method 1012.1). All measurements use a 2S2P JEDEC test board. Figure 52. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver D at VDDEXT = 1.8 V SCK (66MHz DRIVER), VDDEXT (MIN) = 2.25V 18 RISE AND FALL TIME ns (10% to 90%) 16 14 RISE TIME 12 10 FALL TIME 8 6 4 2 0 0 50 100 150 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 250 Figure 53. Typical Rise and Fall Times (10% to 90%) versus Load Capacitance for Driver D at VDDEXT = 2.25 V Rev. D | Page 48 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Thermal resistance θJA in Table 30 through Table 32 is the figure of merit relating to performance of the package and board in a convective environment. θJMA represents the thermal resistance under two conditions of airflow. ΨJT represents the correlation between TJ and TCASE. Table 30. Thermal Characteristics for BC-160 Package Parameter θJA θJMA θJMA θJC ΨJT ΨJT ΨJT Condition 0 Linear m/s Airflow 1 Linear m/s Airflow 2 Linear m/s Airflow Not Applicable 0 Linear m/s Airflow 1 Linear m/s Airflow 2 Linear m/s Airflow Typical 27.1 23.85 22.7 7.26 0.14 0.26 0.35 Unit C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W Table 31. Thermal Characteristics for ST-176-1 Package Parameter θJA θJMA θJMA ΨJT ΨJT ΨJT Condition 0 Linear m/s Airflow 1 Linear m/s Airflow 2 Linear m/s Airflow 0 Linear m/s Airflow 1 Linear m/s Airflow 2 Linear m/s Airflow Typical 34.9 33.0 32.0 0.50 0.75 1.00 Unit C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W Table 32. Thermal Characteristics for B-169 Package Parameter θJA θJMA θJMA θJC ΨJT ΨJT ΨJT Condition 0 Linear m/s Airflow 1 Linear m/s Airflow 2 Linear m/s Airflow Not Applicable 0 Linear m/s Airflow 1 Linear m/s Airflow 2 Linear m/s Airflow Typical 22.8 20.3 19.3 10.39 0.59 0.88 1.37 Unit C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W Rev. D | Page 49 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 160-BALL BGA PINOUT Table 33 lists the BGA pinout by signal. Table 34 on Page 51 lists the BGA pinout by ball number. Table 33. 160-Ball Mini-BGA Ball Assignment (Alphabetically by Signal) Signal ABE0 ABE1 ADDR1 ADDR2 ADDR3 ADDR4 ADDR5 ADDR6 ADDR7 ADDR8 ADDR9 ADDR10 ADDR11 ADDR12 ADDR13 ADDR14 ADDR15 ADDR16 ADDR17 ADDR18 ADDR19 AMS0 AMS1 AMS2 AMS3 AOE ARDY ARE AWE BG BGH BMODE0 BMODE1 BR CLKIN CLKOUT DATA0 DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 Ball No. H13 H12 J14 K14 L14 J13 K13 L13 K12 L12 M12 M13 M14 N14 N13 N12 M11 N11 P13 P12 P11 E14 F14 F13 G12 G13 E13 G14 H14 P10 N10 N4 P3 D14 A12 B14 M9 N9 P9 M8 Signal DATA4 DATA5 DATA6 DATA7 DATA8 DATA9 DATA10 DATA11 DATA12 DATA13 DATA14 DATA15 DR0PRI DR0SEC DR1PRI DR1SEC DT0PRI DT0SEC DT1PRI DT1SEC EMU GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND Ball No. N8 P8 M7 N7 P7 M6 N6 P6 M5 N5 P5 P4 K1 J2 G3 F3 H1 H2 F2 E3 M2 A10 A14 B11 C4 C5 C11 D4 D7 D8 D10 D11 F4 F11 G11 H4 H11 K4 K11 L5 Signal GND GND GND GND GND GND MISO MOSI NMI PF0 PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF12 PF13 PF14 PF15 PPI_CLK PPI0 PPI1 PPI2 PPI3 RESET RFS0 RFS1 RSCLK0 RSCLK1 RTXI RTXO RX SA10 SCAS Ball No. L6 L8 L10 M4 M10 P14 E2 D3 B10 D2 C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 B3 B4 A2 A3 A4 A5 B5 B6 A6 C6 C9 C8 B8 A7 B7 C10 J3 G2 L1 G1 A9 A8 L3 E12 C14 Signal SCK SCKE SMS SRAS SWE TCK TDI TDO TFS0 TFS1 TMR0 TMR1 TMR2 TMS TRST TSCLK0 TSCLK1 TX VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDRTC VROUT0 VROUT1 XTAL Ball No. D1 B13 C13 D13 D12 P2 M3 N3 H3 E1 L2 M1 K2 N2 N1 J1 F1 K3 A1 C7 C12 D5 D9 F12 G4 J4 J12 L7 L11 P1 D6 E4 E11 J11 L4 L9 B9 A13 B12 A11 Rev. D | Page 50 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Table 34. 160-Ball Mini-BGA Ball Assignment (Numerically by Ball Number) Ball No. A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 Signal VDDEXT PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF14 PPI2 RTXO RTXI GND XTAL CLKIN VROUT0 GND PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF12 PF13 PPI3 PPI1 VDDRTC NMI GND VROUT1 SCKE CLKOUT PF1 PF2 PF3 GND GND PF15 VDDEXT PPI0 PPI_CLK RESET GND VDDEXT Ball No. C13 C14 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 E1 E2 E3 E4 E11 E12 E13 E14 F1 F2 F3 F4 F11 F12 F13 F14 G1 G2 G3 G4 G11 G12 G13 G14 Signal SMS SCAS SCK PF0 MOSI GND VDDEXT VDDINT GND GND VDDEXT GND GND SWE SRAS BR TFS1 MISO DT1SEC VDDINT VDDINT SA10 ARDY AMS0 TSCLK1 DT1PRI DR1SEC GND GND VDDEXT AMS2 AMS1 RSCLK1 RFS1 DR1PRI VDDEXT GND AMS3 AOE ARE Ball No. H1 H2 H3 H4 H11 H12 H13 H14 J1 J2 J3 J4 J11 J12 J13 J14 K1 K2 K3 K4 K11 K12 K13 K14 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 M1 M2 Signal DT0PRI DT0SEC TFS0 GND GND ABE1 ABE0 AWE TSCLK0 DR0SEC RFS0 VDDEXT VDDINT VDDEXT ADDR4 ADDR1 DR0PRI TMR2 TX GND GND ADDR7 ADDR5 ADDR2 RSCLK0 TMR0 RX VDDINT GND GND VDDEXT GND VDDINT GND VDDEXT ADDR8 ADDR6 ADDR3 TMR1 EMU Ball No. M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13 N14 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 Signal TDI GND DATA12 DATA9 DATA6 DATA3 DATA0 GND ADDR15 ADDR9 ADDR10 ADDR11 TRST TMS TDO BMODE0 DATA13 DATA10 DATA7 DATA4 DATA1 BGH ADDR16 ADDR14 ADDR13 ADDR12 VDDEXT TCK BMODE1 DATA15 DATA14 DATA11 DATA8 DATA5 DATA2 BG ADDR19 ADDR18 ADDR17 GND Rev. D | Page 51 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Figure 55 lists the top view of the BGA ball configuration. Figure 56 lists the bottom view of the BGA ball configuration. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 A B C D E F G H J K L M N P KEY: VDDINT VDDEXT GND VDDRTC VROUT I/O Figure 55. 160-Ball Mini-BGA Ground Configuration (Top View) 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A B C D E F G H J K L M N P KEY: VDDINT VDDEXT GND VDDRTC VROUT I/O Figure 56. 160-Ball Mini-BGA Ground Configuration (Bottom View) Rev. D | Page 52 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 169-BALL PBGA PINOUT Table 35 lists the PBGA pinout by signal. Table 36 on Page 54 lists the PBGA pinout by ball number. Table 35. 169-Ball PBGA Ball Assignment (Alphabetically by Signal) Signal ABE0 ABE1 ADDR1 ADDR2 ADDR3 ADDR4 ADDR5 ADDR6 ADDR7 ADDR8 ADDR9 ADDR10 ADDR11 ADDR12 ADDR13 ADDR14 ADDR15 ADDR16 ADDR17 ADDR18 ADDR19 AMS0 AMS1 AMS2 AMS3 AOE ARDY ARE AWE BG BGH BMODE0 BMODE1 BR CLKIN CLKOUT DATA0 DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 Ball No. H16 H17 J16 J17 K16 K17 L16 L17 M16 M17 N17 N16 P17 P16 R17 R16 T17 U15 T15 U16 T14 D17 E16 E17 F16 F17 C16 G16 G17 T13 U17 U5 T5 C17 A14 D16 U14 T12 U13 T11 Signal DATA4 DATA5 DATA6 DATA7 DATA8 DATA9 DATA10 DATA11 DATA12 DATA13 DATA14 DATA15 DR0PRI DR0SEC DR1PRI DR1SEC DT0PRI DT0SEC DT1PRI DT1SEC EMU GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND Ball No. U12 U11 T10 U10 T9 U9 T8 U8 U7 T7 U6 T6 M2 M1 H1 H2 K2 K1 F1 F2 U1 B16 F11 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11 K7 K8 Signal GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND MISO MOSI NMI PF0 PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF12 PF13 PF14 PF15 PPI_CLK PPI0 PPI1 PPI2 PPI3 RESET RFS0 RFS1 RSCLK0 RSCLK1 RTCVDD Ball No. K9 K10 K11 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 M9 T16 E2 E1 B11 D2 C1 B1 C2 A1 A2 B3 A3 B4 A4 B5 A5 A6 B6 A7 B7 B10 B9 A9 B8 A8 A12 N1 J1 N2 J2 F10 Signal RTXI RTXO RX SA10 SCAS SCK SCKE SMS SRAS SWE TCK TDI TDO TFS0 TFS1 TMR0 TMR1 TMR2 TMS TRST TSCLK0 TSCLK1 TX VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT Ball No. A10 A11 T1 B15 A16 D1 B14 A17 A15 B17 U4 U3 T4 L1 G2 R1 P2 P1 T3 U2 L2 G1 R2 F12 G12 H12 J12 K12 L12 M10 M11 M12 B2 F6 F7 F8 F9 G6 H6 J6 Signal VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VROUT0 VROUT1 XTAL Ball No. K6 L6 M6 M7 M8 T2 B12 B13 A13 Rev. D | Page 53 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Table 36. 169-Ball PBGA Ball Assignment (Numerically by Ball Number) Ball No. A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 C1 C2 C16 C17 D1 D2 Signal PF4 PF5 PF7 PF9 PF11 PF12 PF14 PPI3 PPI1 RTXI RTXO RESET XTAL CLKIN SRAS SCAS SMS PF2 VDDEXT PF6 PF8 PF10 PF13 PF15 PPI2 PPI0 PPI_CLK NMI VROUT0 VROUT1 SCKE SA10 GND SWE PF1 PF3 ARDY BR SCK PF0 Ball No. D16 D17 E1 E2 E16 E17 F1 F2 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F16 F17 G1 G2 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G16 G17 H1 H2 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H16 H17 J1 Signal CLKOUT AMS0 MOSI MISO AMS1 AMS2 DT1PRI DT1SEC VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT RTCVDD GND VDD AMS3 AOE TSCLK1 TFS1 VDDEXT GND GND GND GND GND VDD ARE AWE DR1PRI DR1SEC VDDEXT GND GND GND GND GND VDD ABE0 ABE1 RFS1 Ball No. J2 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11 J12 J16 J17 K1 K2 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 K16 K17 L1 L2 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L16 L17 M1 M2 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 Signal RSCLK1 VDDEXT GND GND GND GND GND VDD ADDR1 ADDR2 DT0SEC DT0PRI VDDEXT GND GND GND GND GND VDD ADDR3 ADDR4 TFS0 TSCLK0 VDDEXT GND GND GND GND GND VDD ADDR5 ADDR6 DR0SEC DR0PRI VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT GND VDD VDD Ball No. M12 M16 M17 N1 N2 N16 N17 P1 P2 P16 P17 R1 R2 R16 R17 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 Signal VDD ADDR7 ADDR8 RFS0 RSCLK0 ADDR10 ADDR9 TMR2 TMR1 ADDR12 ADDR11 TMR0 TX ADDR14 ADDR13 RX VDDEXT TMS TDO BMODE1 DATA15 DATA13 DATA10 DATA8 DATA6 DATA3 DATA1 BG ADDR19 ADDR17 GND ADDR15 EMU TRST TDI TCK BMODE0 DATA14 DATA12 DATA11 Ball No. U9 U10 U11 U12 U13 U14 U15 U16 U17 Signal DATA9 DATA7 DATA5 DATA4 DATA2 DATA0 ADDR16 ADDR18 BGH Rev. D | Page 54 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 A1 BALL PAD CORNER A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R T U V KEY V DDINT GND NC DDEXT I/O V ROUT 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TOP VIEW 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Figure 57. 169-Ball PBGA Ground Configuration (Top View) A1 BALL PAD CORNER A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R T U V DDINT V DDEXT GND NC KEY: I/O V ROUT 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 BOTTOM VIEW Figure 58. 169-Ball PBGA Ground Configuration (Bottom View) Rev. D | Page 55 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 176-LEAD LQFP PINOUT Table 37 lists the LQFP pinout by signal. Table 38 on Page 57 lists the LQFP pinout by lead number. Table 37. 176-Lead LQFP Pin Assignment (Alphabetically by Signal) Signal ABE0 ABE1 ADDR1 ADDR2 ADDR3 ADDR4 ADDR5 ADDR6 ADDR7 ADDR8 ADDR9 ADDR10 ADDR11 ADDR12 ADDR13 ADDR14 ADDR15 ADDR16 ADDR17 ADDR18 ADDR19 AMS0 AMS1 AMS2 AMS3 AOE ARDY ARE AWE BG BGH BMODE0 BMODE1 BR CLKIN CLKOUT DATA0 DATA1 DATA10 Lead No. 151 150 149 148 147 146 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 161 160 159 158 154 162 153 152 119 120 96 95 163 10 169 116 115 103 Signal DATA3 DATA4 DATA5 DATA6 DATA7 DATA8 DATA9 DATA10 DATA11 DATA12 DATA13 DATA14 DATA15 DR0PRI DR0SEC DR1PRI DR1SEC DT0PRI DT0SEC DT1PRI DT1SEC EMU GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND Lead No. 113 112 110 109 108 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 74 73 63 62 68 67 59 58 83 1 2 3 7 8 9 15 19 30 39 40 41 42 43 44 56 70 Signal GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND MISO MOSI NMI PF0 PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF12 PF13 PF14 PF15 Lead No. 88 89 90 91 92 97 106 117 128 129 130 131 132 133 144 155 170 174 175 176 54 55 14 51 50 49 48 47 46 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 29 28 27 Signal PPI_CLK PPI0 PPI1 PPI2 PPI3 RESET RFS0 RFS1 RSCLK0 RSCLK1 RTXI RTXO RX SA10 SCAS SCK SCKE SMS SRAS SWE TCK TDI TDO TFS0 TFS1 TMR0 TMR1 TMR2 TMS TRST TSCLK0 TSCLK1 TX VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT Lead No. 21 22 23 24 26 13 75 64 76 65 17 16 82 164 166 53 173 172 167 165 94 86 87 69 60 79 78 77 85 84 72 61 81 6 12 20 31 45 57 Signal VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDEXT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT VDDRTC VROUT0 VROUT1 XTAL Lead No. 71 93 107 118 134 145 156 171 25 52 66 80 111 143 157 168 18 5 4 11 Rev. D | Page 56 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 Table 38. 176-Lead LQFP Pin Assignment (Numerically by Lead Number) Lead No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Signal GND GND GND VROUT1 VROUT0 VDDEXT GND GND GND CLKIN XTAL VDDEXT RESET NMI GND RTXO RTXI VDDRTC GND VDDEXT PPI_CLK PPI0 PPI1 PPI2 VDDINT PPI3 PF15 PF14 PF13 GND VDDEXT PF12 PF11 PF10 PF9 PF8 PF7 PF6 GND GND Lead No. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Signal GND GND GND GND VDDEXT PF5 PF4 PF3 PF2 PF1 PF0 VDDINT SCK MISO MOSI GND VDDEXT DT1SEC DT1PRI TFS1 TSCLK1 DR1SEC DR1PRI RFS1 RSCLK1 VDDINT DT0SEC DT0PRI TFS0 GND VDDEXT TSCLK0 DR0SEC DR0PRI RFS0 RSCLK0 TMR2 TMR1 TMR0 VDDINT Lead No. 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 Signal TX RX EMU TRST TMS TDI TDO GND GND GND GND GND VDDEXT TCK BMODE1 BMODE0 GND DATA15 DATA14 DATA13 DATA12 DATA11 DATA10 DATA9 DATA8 GND VDDEXT DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 VDDINT DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 GND VDDEXT BG BGH Lead No. 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 Signal ADDR19 ADDR18 ADDR17 ADDR16 ADDR15 ADDR14 ADDR13 GND GND GND GND GND GND VDDEXT ADDR12 ADDR11 ADDR10 ADDR9 ADDR8 ADDR7 ADDR6 ADDR5 VDDINT GND VDDEXT ADDR4 ADDR3 ADDR2 ADDR1 ABE1 ABE0 AWE ARE AOE GND VDDEXT VDDINT AMS3 AMS2 AMS1 Lead No. 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 Signal AMS0 ARDY BR SA10 SWE SCAS SRAS VDDINT CLKOUT GND VDDEXT SMS SCKE GND GND GND Rev. D | Page 57 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions in the outline dimension figures are shown in millimeters. 0.75 0.60 0.45 176 1 0.27 0.22 0.17 PIN 1 26.00 BSC SQ 24.00 BSC SQ 133 132 SEATING PLANE 0.08 MAX LEAD COPLANARITY 0.15 0.05 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.60 MAX DETAIL A 44 45 DETAIL A 0.50 BSC LEAD PITCH TOP VIEW (PINS DOWN) 89 88 NOTES 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS 2. ACTUAL POSITION OF EACH LEAD IS WITHIN 0.08 OF ITS IDEAL POSITION, WHEN MEASURED IN THE LATERAL DIRECTION. 3. CENTER DIMENSIONS ARE NOMINAL Figure 59. Quad Flatpack (LQFP) ST-176-1 12.00 BSC SQ 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 A1 CORNER INDEX AREA A B C D E F G H J K L M N P BALL A1 INDICATOR 10.40 BSC SQ TOP VIEW 0.80 BSC BALL PITCH 1.31 1.21 1.11 BOTTOM VIEW 1.70 MAX DETAIL A SEATING PLANE 0.40 NOM (NOTE 3) NOTES 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2. COMPLIES WITH JEDEC REGISTERED OUTLINE MO-205, VARIATION AE WITH EXCEPTION OF THE BALL DIAMETER. 3. MINIMUM BALL HEIGHT 0.25. 0.12 0.50 MAX 0.45 COPLANARITY 0.40 BALL DIAMETER DETAIL A Figure 60. Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) BC-160 Rev. D | Page 58 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 BOTTOM VIEW A1 BALL PAD CORNER 19.00 BSC SQ 16.00 BSC SQ 1.00 BSC BALL PITCH A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R T U 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 TOP VIEW 0.40 MIN 2.50 2.23 1.97 SIDE VIEW DETAIL A 0.20 MAX COPLANARITY SEATING PLANE DETAIL A NOTES 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2. COMPLIES WITH JEDEC REGISTERED OUTLINE MS-034, VARIATION AAG-2 . 3. MINIMUM BALL HEIGHT 0.40 0.70 BALL DIAMETER 0.60 0.50 Figure 61. Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 SURFACE MOUNT DESIGN Table 39 is provided as an aid to PCB design. For industrystandard design recommendations, refer to IPC-7351, Generic Requirements for Surface Mount Design and Land Pattern Standard. Table 39. BGA Data for Use with Surface Mount Design Package Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) BC-160 Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 Ball Attach Type Solder Mask Defined Solder Mask Defined Solder Mask Opening 0.40 mm diameter 0.43 mm diameter Ball Pad Size 0.55 mm diameter 0.56 mm diameter Rev. D | Page 59 of 60 | August 2006 ADSP-BF531/ADSP-BF532 ORDERING GUIDE Temperature Range1 –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C Package Instruction Operating Voltage Option Rate (Max) (Nom) BC-160 BC-160 BC-160 BC-160 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 1.2 V internal, 1.8 V, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 1.8 V, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 1.8 V, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 1.8 V, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O 1.2 V internal, 3.0 V or 3.3 V I/O Model ADSP-BF532SBBC400 ADSP-BF532SBBCZ4002 Package Description 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) ADSP-BF532WBBCZ-4A2, 3 –40°C to +85°C ADSP-BF532WYBCZ-4A2, 3 –40°C to +105°C 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) ADSP-BF532SBST400 ADSP-BF532SBSTZ400 ADSP-BF532SBB400 ADSP-BF532SBBZ4002 ADSP-BF532WBBZ-4A2, 3 ADSP-BF532WYBZ-4A ADSP-BF531SBBC400 ADSP-BF531SBBCZ4002 2, 3 2 2, 3 –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C 176-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP) 176-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP) 176-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP) ST-176-1 400 MHz ST-176-1 400 MHz ST-176-1 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz ADSP-BF532WBSTZ-4A 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) BC-160 BC-160 BC-160 BC-160 –40°C to +105°C 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 ADSP-BF531WBBCZ-4A2, 3 –40°C to +85°C ADSP-BF531WYBCZ-4A2, 3 –40°C to +105°C 160-Ball Chip Scale Package Ball Grid Array (Mini-BGA) ADSP-BF531SBST400 ADSP-BF531SBSTZ400 ADSP-BF531SBB400 ADSP-BF531SBBZ400 2 2, 3 2 2, 3 –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C 176-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP) 176-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP) 176-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP) ST-176-1 400 MHz ST-176-1 400 MHz ST-176-1 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz 400 MHz ADSP-BF531WBSTZ-4A 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 ADSP-BF531WBBZ-4A ADSP-BF531WYBZ-4A 1 2 2, 3 –40°C to +105°C 169-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) B-169 Referenced temperature is ambient temperature. Z = Pb-free part. 3 Automotive grade part. ©2006 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D03728-0-8/06(D) Rev. D | Page 60 of 60 | August 2006