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ADUM4221-2ARIZ

ADUM4221-2ARIZ

  • 厂商:

    AD(亚德诺)

  • 封装:

    -

  • 描述:

    ADUM4221-2ARIZ

  • 数据手册
  • 价格&库存
ADUM4221-2ARIZ 数据手册
Data Sheet Isolated, Half Bridge Gate Drivers with Adjustable Dead Time, 4 A Output ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4 A peak current ( 5 V 2.5 V ≤ VDD1 ≤ 5 V VDD1 > 5 V V V V V V V V V V V V V Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade A Grade B Grade C VIL VVDDAUV−, VVDDBUV− Pull-Up P Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor (PMOS) On Resistance Max Test Conditions IDD2 (Q) VDDA and VDDB Negative Going Threshold TSD Positive Edge Hysteresis Drive Strength Pull-Down N Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor (NMOS) On Resistance Typ 2.3 4.1 6.9 10.8 2.45 2.35 0.1 4.4 7.3 11.3 4.2 7.1 11.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.5 4.5 7.5 11.6 TTSD_POS TTSD_HYST 155 30 RDSON_N 0.6 1.6 Ω Tested at 250 mA, VDDx = 15 V RDSON_P 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.8 Ω Ω Tested at 1 A, VDDx = 15 V Tested at 250 mA, VDDx = 15 V 1.8 IPEAK 0.8 4 Ω A Tested at 1 A, VDDx = 15 V VDDA, VDDB = 15 V, 2 Ω gate resistance Rev. B | Page 4 of 24 °C °C Data Sheet Parameter SWITCHING SPECIFICATIONS Pulse Width ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Symbol Min Typ Max 50 Propagation Delay1 Rising Edge Falling Edge Time to Disable Time to Enable Delay Skew2 Pulse Width Distortion tDLH tDHL tDIS tEN tPSK tPWD Channel to Channel Matching3 tPSKCD Output Rise and Fall Time (10% to 90%) tR/tF Adjustable Dead Time (Except ADuM4221-2) DT 19 21 21 19 25 30 25 25 Unit Test Conditions ns Load capacitance (CL) = 2.2 nF, VDD1 = 5 V, VDDA and VDDB = 15 V, external gate resistor (RG) = 5.1 Ω CL = 2.2 nF, VDD1 = 5 V, VDDA and VDDB = 15 V, and RG = 5.1Ω 5 33 44 44 33 22 16 ns ns ns ns ns ns 1.5 10 ns 14 25 34 ns 1809 742 48 2320 938 62 2831 1135 76 ns ns ns CL = 2.2 nF, RG = 5.1 Ω CL = 2.2 nF, VDD1 = 5 V, VDDA and VDDB = 15 V, RG = 5.1 Ω CL = 2.2 nF, VDD1 = 5 V, VDDA and VDDB = 15 V, see Figure 26 CL = 2.2 nF, VDD1 = 5 V, VDDA and VDDB = 15 V, RG = 5.1 Ω, see Figure 33 CL = 2.2 nF, VDD1 = 5 V, VDDA and VDDB = 15 V, RG = 5.1 Ω Dead time resistor (RDT) = 500 kΩ RDT = 200 kΩ RDT = 10 kΩ 1 tDLH propagation delay is measured from the time of the input rising logic high threshold, VIH, to the output rising 10% level of the VOx signal. tDHL propagation delay is measured from the input falling logic low threshold, VIL, to the output falling 90% threshold of the VOx signal. See Figure 33 for the waveforms of the propagation delay parameters. 2 tPSK is the magnitude of the worst case difference in tDLH and/or tDHL that is measured between units at the same operating temperature, supply voltages, and output load within the recommended operating conditions. See Figure 33 for the waveforms of the propagation delay parameters. 3 Channel to channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between two channels on a single device. PACKAGE CHARACTERISTICS Table 2. Parameter Resistance (Input to Output)1 Capacitance (Input to Output)1 Input Capacitance2 IC Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance 1 2 Symbol RI-O CI-O CI θJA Min Typ 1013 2.2 4.0 45 Max Unit Ω pF pF °C/W Test Conditions/Comments f = 1 MHz Thermocouple located at center of package underside The device is considered a 2-terminal device: Pin 1 through Pin 8 are shorted together, and Pin 9 through Pin 16 are shorted together. Input capacitance is from any input data pin to ground. Rev. B | Page 5 of 24 ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Data Sheet REGULATORY INFORMATION The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 are pending approval by the organizations listed in Table 3. Table 3. UL (Pending) Recognized Under 1577 Component Recognition Program1 Single Protection, 5700 V rms Isolation Voltage File E214100 1 2 CSA (Pending) Approved under CSA Component Acceptance Notice 5A IEC 62368, Third Edition Basic insulation at 830 V rms (1173 V peak) Reinforced insulation at 415 V rms (586 V peak) IEC 60601-1, Edition 3.1 Reinforced insulation (2 MOPP), 250 V rms (353V peak) CSA 61010-1-12 and IEC 61010-1, Third Edition Basic insulation at 300 V rms mains, 800 V secondary (1089 V peak) Reinforced insulation at 300 V rms mains, 400 V secondary (565 V peak) File 205078 VDE (Pending) Certified according to DIN VDE V 0884-11 (VDE V 0884-11):2017-012 Basic insulation, 900 V peak, VIOSM = 9850 V peak Reinforced insulation, 849 V peak, VIOSM = 8000 V peak CQC (Pending) Certified by CQC11-471543-2012 GB4943.1-2011 File 2471900-4880-0003 File (pending) Basic insulation at 800 V rms (1131 V peak) Reinforced insulation at 400 V rms (565 V peak) In accordance with UL 1577, each ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥ 6840 V rms for 1 sec. In accordance with DIN VDE V 0884-11, each ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥ 1592 V peak for 1 sec (partial discharge detection limit = 5 pC). The * marking branded on the component designates DIN VDE V 0884-11 approval. INSULATION AND SAFETY RELATED SPECIFICATIONS Table 4. Parameter Rated Dielectric Insulation Voltage Minimum External Air Gap (Clearance) Symbol L (I01) Value 5700 8.3 Unit V rms mm Minimum External Tracking (Creepage) L (I02) 8.3 mm Minimum Clearance in the Plane of the Printed Circuit Board, PCB (PCB Clearance) L (PCB) 8.3 mm CTI 25.5 >600 I μm V Minimum Internal Gap (Internal Clearance) Tracking Resistance (Comparative Tracking Index) Material Group Rev. B | Page 6 of 24 Test Conditions/Comments 1-minute duration Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance through air Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance path along body Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance through air, line of sight, in the PCB mounting plane Insulation distance through insulation DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303 Part 1 Material Group (DIN VDE 0110, 1/89, Table 1) Data Sheet ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 DIN V VDE V 0884-11 (VDE V 0884-11) INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS This isolator is suitable for reinforced isolation only within the safety limit data. Protective circuits ensure maintenance of the safety data. Table 5. VDE Characteristics Description Installation Classification per DIN VDE 0110 For Rated Mains Voltage ≤ 150 V rms For Rated Mains Voltage ≤ 300 V rms For Rated Mains Voltage ≤ 600 V rms Climatic Classification Pollution Degree per DIN VDE 0110, Table 1 Maximum Repetitive Peak Isolation Voltage Input to Output Test Voltage, Method B1 Test Conditions/Comments VIORM × 1.875 = Vpd (m), 100% production test, tini = tm = 1 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC Input to Output Test Voltage, Method A After Environmental Tests Subgroup 1 Characteristic Unit VIORM Vpd (m) I to IV I to IV I to IV 40/105/21 2 849 1592 V peak V peak 1274 V peak 1019 V peak 8000 V peak 9850 V peak 8000 V peak 150 2.77 >109 °C W Ω Vpd (m) VIORM × 1.5 = Vpd (m), tini = 60 sec, tm = 10 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC VIORM × 1.2 = Vpd (m), tini = 60 sec, tm = 10 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC After Input and/or Safety Test Subgroup 2 and Subgroup 3 Maximum Rated Transient Isolation Voltage Surge Isolation Voltage Basic VIOTM VIOSM V peak = 12.8 kV, 1.2 μs rise time, 50 μs, 50% fall time V peak = 12.8 kV, 1.2 μs rise time, 50 μs, 50% fall time Maximum value allowed in the event of a failure (see Figure 4) Reinforced Safety Limiting Values Maximum Junction Temperature Total Power Dissipation at 25°C Insulation Resistance at TS TS PS RS VIO = 500 V 3.0 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS 2.5 Table 6. 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 50 100 150 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 200 17219-002 SAFE OPERATING PVDD1 , PVDDA , OR PVDDB POWER (W) Symbol Figure 4. Thermal Derating Curve, Dependence of Safety Limiting Values on Case Temperature, per DIN V VDE V 0884-11 Parameter TJ Supply Voltages VDD11 VDDA and VDDB2 Common-Mode Transient Immunity Static3 Dynamic4 Dead Time Resistor Range 1 Value −40°C to +125°C 2.5 V to 6.5 V 4.5 V to 35 V −150 kV/μs to +150 kV/μs −150 kV/μs to +150 kV/μs 10 kΩ to 500 kΩ Referenced to GND1. Referenced to GNDA and GNDB. 3 Static common-mode transient immunity is defined as the largest dv/dt between GND1 and GNDA and GNDB with the inputs held either high or low such that the output voltage remains either above 0.8 × VDDA and VDDB for output high or 0.8 V for output low. Operation with transients above recommended levels can cause momentary data upsets. 4 Dynamic common-mode transient immunity is defined as the largest dv/dt between GND1 and GNDA and GNDB with the switching edge coincident with the transient test pulse. Operation with transients above recommended levels can cause momentary data upsets. 2 Rev. B | Page 7 of 24 ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Data Sheet ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Stresses at or above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Operation beyond the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may affect product reliability. TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 7. Parameter Voltage Ranges Supply VDD1 VDDA and VDDB Input1 (VIA, VIB, PWM, and DISABLE) Output2 VOA VOB VOA Transient for 200 ns VOB Transient for 200 ns Temperature Range Storage (TST) TJ Common-Mode Transients3 (CMH, CML) Rating −0.2 V to +7 V −0.3 V to +40 V −0.3 V to +7 V THERMAL RESISTANCE −0.3 V to VDDA + 0.3 V −0.3 V to VDDB + 0.3 V −2 V to VDDA + 0.3 V −2 V to VDDB + 0.3 V Thermal performance is directly linked to the PCB design and operating environment. Careful attention to PCB thermal design is required. θJA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance, and ΨJT is the junction to top characterization parameter. Table 8. Thermal Resistance −55°C to +150°C −40°C to +125°C −200 kV/μs to +200 kV/μs Package Type1 RI-16-2 1 θJA 45 ΨJT 16.67 Unit °C/W 4-layer PCB. 1 Rating assumes VDD1 is above 2.5 V. VIA, VIB, and PWM are rated up to 6.5 V when VDD1 is unpowered. 2 Referenced to GNDA or GNDB, maximum of 40 V. 3 Refers to the common-mode transients across the insulation barrier. Common-mode transients exceeding the absolute maximum rating can cause latch-up or permanent damage. ESD CAUTION Table 9. Maximum Continuous Working Voltage1 Parameter AC Voltage Bipolar Waveform Basic Insulation Reinforced Insulation DC Voltage Basic Insulation Reinforced Insulation 1 Rating Unit Constraint 900 849 V peak V peak 20 year minimum insulation lifetime per VDE-0884-11 20 year minimum insulation lifetime per VDE-0884-11 1660 V peak 830 V peak Lifetime limited by package creepage maximum approved working voltage per IEC 60664-1, Pollution Degree 2, Material Group I Lifetime limited by package creepage maximum approved working voltage per IEC 60664-1, Pollution Degree 2, Material Group I Refers to the continuous voltage magnitude imposed across the isolation barrier. See the Insulation Lifetime section for more details. Rev. B | Page 8 of 24 Data Sheet ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS VIA 1 16 VDDA VIB 2 15 VOA GND1 4 DISABLE 5 ADuM4221 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 14 GNDA 13 NC 12 NC DT 6 11 VDDB NC 7 10 VOB VDD1 8 9 GNDB NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THESE PINS. 17219-003 VDD1 3 Figure 5. ADuM4221 Pin Configuration Table 10. ADuM4221 Pin Function Descriptions Pin No.1 1 2 3, 8 4 5 6 Mnemonic VIA VIB VDD1 GND1 DISABLE DT 7, 12, 13 9 10 11 14 15 16 NC GNDB VOB VDDB GNDA VOA VDDA 1 Description Logic Input A. Logic Input B. Input Supply Voltage. Ground Reference for Input Logic Signals. Input Disable. The DISABLE pin disables the isolator inputs and refresh circuits. Dead Time Control Input. The resistor connected from the DT pin to ground sets the dead time between the output transitions. No Connect. Do not connect to these pins. Ground Reference for Output B. Output B. Output B Supply Voltage. Ground Reference for Output A. Output A. Output A Supply Voltage. Pin 3 and Pin 8 are internally connected. Connecting both the VDD1 pins to the VDD1 input supply is recommended. Table 11. ADuM4221 Truth Table (Positive Logic with Dead Time) DISABLE1 Low VIA Input1 Low VIB Input1 Low VDD1 State Powered VDDA and VDDB State Powered VOA Output Low VOB Output Low Low Low High Powered Powered Low High Low High Low Powered Powered High Low Low High High Powered Powered Low Low High X X X X X Powered Unpowered Powered Powered Low Low Low Low X X X Powered Unpowered Low Low 1 X means don’t care. Rev. B | Page 9 of 24 Notes Output transition begins after dead time expires Output transition begins after dead time expires Output transition begins after dead time expires Output transition begins after dead time expires Device is disabled Output returns to input state after VDD1 power restoration Output remains low ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Data Sheet 16 VDDA NC 2 VDD1 3 GND1 4 DISABLE 5 ADuM4221-1 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 15 VOA 14 GNDA 13 NC 12 NC DT 6 11 VDDB NC 7 10 VOB 9 GNDB VDD1 8 NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THESE PINS. 17219-303 PWM 1 Figure 6. ADuM4221-1 Pin Configuration Table 12. ADuM4221-1 Pin Function Descriptions Pin No.1 1 2, 7, 12, 13 3, 8 4 5 6 Mnemonic PWM NC VDD1 GND1 DISABLE DT 9 10 11 14 15 16 GNDB VOB VDDB GNDA VOA VDDA 1 Description Logic Input. No Connect. Do not connect to these pins. Input Supply Voltage. Ground Reference for Input Logic Signals. Input Disable. The DISABLE pin disables the isolator inputs and refresh circuits. Dead Time Control Input. The resistor connected from the DT pin to ground sets the dead time between the output transitions. Ground Reference for Output B. Inverting Output B. Output B Supply Voltage. Ground Reference for Output A. Noninverting Output A. Output A Supply Voltage. Pin 3 and Pin 8 are internally connected. Connecting both the VDD1 pins to the VDD1 input supply is recommended. Table 13. ADuM4221-1 Truth Table (PWM Input with Dead Time) DISABLE1 Low PWM Input1 Low VDD1 State Powered VDDA and VDDB State Powered VOA Output Low VOB Output High Low High Powered Powered High Low High X X X Powered Unpowered Powered Powered Low Low Low Low X X Powered Unpowered Low Low 1 X means don’t care. Rev. B | Page 10 of 24 Notes Output transition begins after dead time expires Output transition begins after dead time expires Device is disabled Output returns to an input state after VDD1 power restoration Output remains low ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 VIA 1 16 VDDA VIB 2 15 VOA 14 GNDA VDD1 3 GND1 4 DISABLE 5 ADuM4221-2 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 13 NC 12 NC NC 6 11 VDDB NC 7 10 VOB VDD1 8 9 GNDB NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THESE PINS. 17219-103 Data Sheet Figure 7. ADuM4221-2 Pin Configuration Table 14. ADuM4221-2 Pin Function Descriptions Pin No.1 1 2 3, 8 4 5 6, 7, 12, 13 9 10 11 14 15 16 1 Mnemonic VIA VIB VDD1 GND1 DISABLE NC GNDB VOB VDDB GNDA VOA VDDA Description Logic Input A. Logic Input B. Input Supply Voltage. Ground Reference for Input Logic Signals. Input Disable. The DISABLE pin disables the isolator inputs and refresh circuits. No Connect. Do not connect to these pins. Ground Reference for Output B. Output B. Output B Supply Voltage. Ground Reference for Output A. Output A. Output A Supply Voltage. Pin 3 and Pin 8 are internally connected. Connecting both the VDD1 pins to the VDD1 input supply is recommended. Table 15. ADuM4221-2 Truth Table (Positive Logic without Dead Time Control) DISABLE1 Low Low Low Low High X VIA Input1 Low Low High High X X VIB Input1 Low High Low High X X VDD1 State Powered Powered Powered Powered Powered Unpowered VDDA and VDDB State Powered Powered Powered Powered Powered Powered VOA Output Low Low High High Low Low VOB Output Low High Low High Low Low X X X Powered Unpowered Low Low 1 X means don’t care. Rev. B | Page 11 of 24 Notes Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Device is disabled Output returns to input state after VDD1 power restoration Output remains low ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Data Sheet TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIB VOA VIA 2 1 3 VIA/PWM VOB 4 VOA 3 M40.0ns A CH1 T 159.800ns 2.04V Figure 8. Output Waveform for 2 nF Load and 3.9 Ω Series Gate Resistor with 15 V Output Supply CH1 2.00V CH3 5.00V CH2 2.00V CH4 5.00V 3 3 VALUE MEAN MIN MAX STD DEV 962.2ns 961.6n 961.6n 962.2n 353.6p 34.27ns 34.21n 34.15n 34.27n 82.50p 4 4 M2.00µs A CH1 T 16.0000µs 2.84V 17219-007 CH1 2.00V CH3 5.00V 17219-004 1 Figure 11. Dead Time Operation Between Input and Output with 200 kΩ Dead Time Resistor and One Input Held High (ADuM4221 Only) VOA PMW 1 VOB 3 VOA VIA/PWM 3, 4 M40.0ns A CH1 T 159.800ns 2.04V Figure 9. Output Waveform for 2 nF Load and 0 Ω Series Gate Resistor with 15 V Output Supply VIB VIA VOB VOA CH1 2.00V CH3 5.00V CH4 5.00V 3 4 MAX STD DEV VALUE MEAN MIN 250.7ns 250.5n 249.5n 251.2n 482.7p 269.4ns 269.3n 268.8n 269.6n 261.2p 4 3 M400ns A CH1 T 3.00000µs 2.80V 17219-110 CH1 2.00V CH3 5.00V 17219-005 1 Figure 12. Dead Time Operation Between Input and Output with 50 kΩ Dead Time Resistor (ADuM4221-1 Only) VIB VIA VOB VOA 1, 2 1, 2 CH2 2.00V CH4 5.00V 3 4 VALUE 252.1ns 252.9ns 4 3 M400ns A CH1 T 0.0000s CH1 2.00V CH3 5.00V 2.84V STD DEV MAX MEAN MIN 163.8n –37.90n 252.1n 120.6n 165.4n –22.80n 254.0n 121.5n CH2 2.00V CH4 5.00V M400ns A CH1 T 3.0000µs 2.80V 17219-006 CH1 2.00V CH3 5.00V 17219-129 3, 4 3, 4 Figure 10. Dead Time Operation Between Input and Output with 50 kΩ Dead Time Resistor (ADuM4221 Only) Figure 13. Input and Output Without Dead Time (ADuM4221-2 Only) Rev. B | Page 12 of 24 Data Sheet ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 6.0 VIB VDD1 = 3.3V VDD1 = 5V 5.5 5.0 4.5 2 VIA 4.0 IDD1 (mA) 1 VOB 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 4 VOA 1.0 3 CH2 2.00V CH4 5.00V M2.00µs A CH1 T 16.0000µs 2.80V 0 17219-130 CH1 2.00V CH3 5.00V Figure 14. Input and Output Without Overlap Protection with One Input Held High (ADuM4221-2 Only) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 FREQUENCY (kHz) 17219-010 0.5 Figure 17. VDD1 Current (IDD1) vs. Frequency for VDD1 = 3.3 V and VDD1 = 5 V, 50% Duty Cycle 40 VDD2 = 5V VDD2 = 10V VDD2 = 15V 35 VDD1 30 IDD2 (mA) 25 3 20 15 VOx 10 4 CH4 5.00V 3 VALUE 14.33µs 4 M400µs A CH4 T 4.00000µs 5.50V MEAN MIN MAX STD DEV 14.33µ 14.33µ 14.33µ 0.000 0 17219-008 CH3 2.00V Figure 15. Typical VDD1 Delay to Output Waveform, VIx = VDD1 and PWM = VDD1 or GND1 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 FREQUENCY (kHz) 17219-011 5 Figure 18. VDD2 Current (IDD2) vs. Frequency for VDD2 = 5 V, VDD2 = 10 V, and VDD2 = 15 V, 50% Duty Cycle, 2 nF Load (VDD2 Refers to VDDA or VDDB) 10 VDD1 = 2.5V VDD1 = 5V 9 VDD2 8 IDD1 (mA) 7 3 VOx 6 5 4 3 4 2 CH4 5.00V 3 VALUE 13.84µs 4 MEAN MIN MAX STD DEV 13.84µ 13.84µ 13.84µ 0.000 0 17219-009 CH3 5.00V 5.50V 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DUTY CYCLE (%) Figure 16. Typical VDD2 Delay to Output Waveform, VIx = VDD1 and PWM = VDD1 or GND1 (VDD2 Refers to VDDA or VDDB) Figure 19. IDD1 vs. Duty Cycle for VDD1 = 2.5 V and VDD1 = 5 V, VDD2 = 15 V (VDD2 Refers to VDDA or VDDB) Rev. B | Page 13 of 24 17219-012 1 M400µs A CH4 T 4.00000µs ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 5.0 Data Sheet 40 VDD2 = 5V VDD2 = 10V VDD2 = 15V 4.5 RISING FALLING 35 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 4.0 IDD2 (mA) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 30 25 20 15 10 1.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DUTY CYCLE (%) 0 –40 17219-013 40 60 80 100 120 40 RISE TIME FALL TIME 35 20 15 10 5 30 25 20 15 10 5 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 2.5 17219-014 0 –40 RISING FALLING 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 21. Rise and Fall Time vs. Temperature with a 3.9 Ω Series Gate Resistor for a 2 nF Load and a 15 V Output Supply 17219-017 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 25 RISE AND FALL TIME (ns) 20 Figure 23. Propagation Delay vs. Temperature 30 Figure 24. Propagation Delay vs. Input Supply Voltage, Rising and Falling, VDD2 = 15 V (VDD2 Refers to VDDA or VDDB) 40 30 RISE TIME FALL TIME 35 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 25 RISE AND FALL TIME (ns) 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 20. IDD2 vs. Duty Cycle for VDD2 = 5 V, VDD2 = 10 V, and VDD2 = 15 V, VDD1 = 5 V (VDD2 Refers to VDDA or VDDB) 20 15 10 5 30 25 20 15 10 5 5 10 15 20 25 OUTPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 30 35 0 17219-015 0 –20 Figure 22. Rise and Fall Time vs. Output Supply Voltage with a 3.9 Ω Series Gate Resistor for a 2 nF Load RISING FALLING 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 OUTPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 32 36 17219-018 0 17219-016 5 0.5 Figure 25. Propagation Delay vs. Output Supply Voltage, Rising and Falling, VDD1 = 5 V Rev. B | Page 14 of 24 Data Sheet 1.0 CHANNEL TO CHANNEL RISING CHANNEL TO CHANNEL FALLING 12 0.8 0.7 RDS(ON) (Ω) 9 6 0.5 0.4 0.2 3 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 0 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 OUTPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 29. Output Resistance (RDS(ON)) vs. Output Supply Voltage for NMOS and PMOS, VDD1 = 5 V Figure 26. Channel to Channel Matching vs. Output Supply Voltage, Rising and Falling 15 4 17219-122 0.1 OUTPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 2.0 CHANNEL TO CHANNEL RISING CHANNEL TO CHANNEL FALLING NMOS PMOS 1.8 12 1.6 1.4 RDS(ON) (Ω) 9 6 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 3 0.4 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 –40 8 SOURCE CURRENT SINK CURRENT 6 5 4 3 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 OUTPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 35 40 17219-121 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 27. Channel to Channel Matching vs. Temperature, Rising and Falling, VDD2 = 15 V (VDD2 Refers to VDDA or VDDB) 7 –20 Figure 28. Peak Output Current vs. Output Supply Voltage with a 2.2 Ω Series Gain Resistor Rev. B | Page 15 of 24 Figure 30. RDS(ON) vs. Temperature for NMOS and PMOS 17219-123 0.2 0 –40 17219-120 CHANNEL TO CHANNEL MATCHING (ns) 0.6 0.3 0 PEAK OUTPUT CURRENT (A) NMOS PMOS 0.9 17219-019 CHANNEL TO CHANNEL MATCHING (ns) 15 ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Data Sheet THEORY OF OPERATION Gate drivers are required where fast rise times of switching device gates are desired. The gate signal for most enhancement type power devices is referred to a source or emitter node. The gate driver must have the ability to follow this source or emitter node, necessitating isolation between the controlling signal and the output of the gate driver in topologies where the source or emitter nodes swing, such as a half bridge. Gate switching times are a function of the drive strength of the gate driver. Buffer stages before a CMOS output reduce the total delay time and increase the final drive strength of the driver. The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 each achieve isolation between the control side and output side of the gate driver by means of a high frequency carrier that transmits data across the isolation barrier using iCoupler chip scale transformer coils separated by layers of polyimide isolation. The encoding scheme used by the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 is a positive logic on/off keying (OOK), a high signal transmitted by the presence of the carrier frequency across the iCoupler chip scale transformer coils. Positive logic encoding ensures that a low signal is seen on the output when the input side of the gate driver is unpowered. A low state is the most common safe state in enhancement mode power devices, driving in situations where shoot through conditions can exist. The architecture is designed for high common-mode transient immunity and high immunity to electrical noise and magnetic interference. Radiated emissions are minimized with a spread spectrum OOK carrier and other techniques such as differential coil layout. Figure 31 illustrates the OOK encoding used by the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2. REGULATOR REGULATOR TRANSMITTER RECEIVER VOUT GND1 GND2 17219-020 VIN Figure 31. Operational Block Diagram of OOK Encoding (VIN Is the Input Voltage, GND2 is GNDA or GNDB, and VOUT Is the Output Voltage.) Rev. B | Page 16 of 24 Data Sheet ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION PCB LAYOUT 90% VIB/NC VOA VDD1 GNDA GND1 NC DISABLE NC NC NC VDD1 VIH INPUT VIL tDHL tDLH tR tF Figure 33. Propagation Delay Parameters Channel to channel matching is the maximum amount that the propagation delay differs between channels within a single component. PEAK CURRENT RATING VDDB VOB GNDB 17219-021 DT 10% Propagation delay skew is the maximum amount that the propagation delay differs between multiple components operating under the same conditions. VDDA VIA/PWM OUTPUT 17219-022 The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 require no external interface circuitry for the logic interfaces. Power supply bypassing is required at the input and output supply pins (see Figure 32). Use a small ceramic capacitor with a value between 0.01 μF and 0.1 μF to provide a good high frequency bypass. On the output power supply pin, VDDA or VDDB, it is also recommended to add a 10 μF capacitor to provide the charge required to drive the gate capacitance at the ADuM4221/ ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 outputs. On the output supply pin, avoid the use of vias with a bypass capacitor or use multiple vias to reduce the inductance in the bypassing. The total lead length between both ends of the smaller capacitor and the input or output power supply pin must be as short as possible. Figure 32. ADuM4221/ADum4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Recommended PCB Layout (Note Pin 6 Is NC for the ADuM4221-2) PROPAGATION DELAY-RELATED PARAMETERS The propagation delay parameter describes the time it takes a logic signal to propagate through a component. The propagation delay to a logic low output can differ from the propagation delay to a logic high output. The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ ADuM4221-2 specify the rising edge propagation delay (tDLH) as the time between the rising input high logic threshold (VIH) to the output rising (tR) 10% threshold (see Figure 33). Likewise, the falling edge propagation delay (tDHL) is the time between the input falling logic low threshold (VIL) and the output falling (tF) 90% threshold. The rise and fall times are dependent on the loading conditions and are not included in the propagation delay, which is the industry standard for gate drivers. The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 each have two output channels, and each channel connects to the gate of the power device through an external series gate resistor. The output driver MOSFETs of the gate driver IC can source or sink more than 6 A (per VOA and VOB). In a practical application, to control the drive strength and to spread the power dissipation of driving the gate to outside of the gate driver IC, standard external series gate resistors are used. The output current of the gate driver is shown in Figure 28 of the Typical Performance Characteristics section. PROTECTION FEATURES TSD If the internal temperature of the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ ADuM4221-2 exceeds 155°C (typical), these devices enter TSD. During the TSD time, the gate drive is disabled and the outputs, VOA and VOB, are driven low. When TSD occurs, the devices do not leave TSD until the internal temperature drops below 125°C (typical), at which time, the devices exit shutdown. UVLO The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 each have UVLO protections for both the primary and secondary side of the devices. If either the primary or secondary side voltages are below the falling edge UVLO, the devices output a low signal. After the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 are powered above the rising edge UVLO threshold, the devices output the signal found at the input. To account for small voltage source ripple, hysteresis is built into the UVLO. The primary side UVLO thresholds are common among all models. Rev. B | Page 17 of 24 ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Data Sheet OUTPUT LOAD CHARACTERISTICS ADJUSTABLE DEAD TIME CONTROL The output signals depend on the characteristics of the output load, which is typically an N channel MOSFET. The driver output response to an N channel MOSFET load with a gate voltage (VGATE) can be modeled with a switch output resistance (RSW), an inductance due to the PCB trace (LTRACE), a series gate resistor (RGATE), and a gate to source capacitance (CGS), as shown in Figure 34. The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1 include overlap protection such that the gate driver outputs (VOA and VOB) cannot simultaneously go high even if both inputs are high. Additionally, the ADuM4221/ ADuM4221-1 also have a dead time control pin (DT) that can adjust the delay between the output high-side and low-side transitions by using a single resistor between the DT pin and ground (see Figure 38). The relationship between the dead time resistor (RDT) and the obtained dead time is shown in Figure 35. RGATE LTRACE 2400 VGATE CGS 2100 1800 Figure 34. Resistor, Inductor, and Capacitor (RLC) Model of the Gate of an N Channel MOSFET RSW is the switch resistance of the internal driver output, which is approximately 2 Ω. RGATE is the intrinsic gate resistance of the MOSFET and any external series resistance. A MOSFET that requires a 4 A gate driver has a typical intrinsic gate resistance of approximately 1 Ω and a CGS of between 2 nF and 10 nF. LTRACE is the inductance of the PCB trace, typically a value of 5 nH or less for a well designed layout with a short and wide connection from the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 output to the gate of the MOSFET. The following equation defines the Q factor of the RLC circuit, which indicates how the output responds to a step change. For a well damped output, Q is less than 1. Q L 1  TRACE ( RSW  RGATE ) CGS Output ringing is reduced by adding a series gate resistance to dampen the response. The waveforms in Figure 8 show a correctly damped example with a 2 nF load and a 3.9 Ω external series gate resistor. The waveforms in Figure 9 show an underdamped example with a 2 nF load and a 0 Ω external series gate resistor. 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 RDT (kΩ) 400 450 500 17219-124 VOA RSW DEAD TIME (ns) ADuM4221 17219-023 V IA/PWM Figure 35. Dead Time vs. RDT Use the following equation to calculate the required amount of dead time: DT (ns) ≈ 5 × RDT (kΩ) The VOA and VOB pins react to the VIA and VIB pins for the ADuM4221 only or the PWM pin for the ADuM4221-1 only depending on the dead time value set by the RDT resistor. The DT pin controls the edge transitions between VOA and VOB. Dead time only affects the rising edge transition of the gate drive signal, and the dead time operation is shown in Figure 36 for the ADuM4221 and in Figure 37 for the ADuM4221-1. Rev. B | Page 18 of 24 Data Sheet ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 VIH VIA VIL VIH VIB VIL DT DT 90% VOA 10% DT DT 90% 17219-029 VOB 10% Figure 36. Dead Time Operation for the Different Input Transitions for the ADuM4221 VIH PWM VIL DT DT DT 90% VOA 10% DT 90% 17219-302 VOB 10% Figure 37. Dead Time Operation for the Different Input Transitions for the ADuM4221-1 Rev. B | Page 19 of 24 ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 are well suited for operating two output gate signals referenced to separate grounds, as in the case for a half bridge configuration. Because isolated auxiliary supplies are often expensive, it is beneficial to reduce the amount of supplies. One method to reduce power supplies is to use a bootstrapped configuration for the high-side supply of the ADuM4221 (see Figure 38). A similar setup can also be obtained for the ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2. In this topology, the decoupling VIA 1 VIB 2 VDD1 VDD1 VDD1 CDD1 GND1 DISABLE DT RDT VDD1 NC VDD1 capacitor (CA) acts as the energy storage for the high-side supply and is filled whenever the low-side switch is closed, bringing GNDA to GNDB. During the CA charging time, control the dv/dt of the VDDA voltage to reduce the possibility of glitches on the output. To control the dv/dt of the VDDA voltage, introduce a series resistance (RBOOT) into the CA charging path. Note that in Figure 38, DBOOT is the bootstrapped diode, CDD1 is the decoupling capacitor on the input side, and CB is the decoupling capacitor for the driver low-side supply. ADuM4221 ENCODE 16 DECODE 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 7 11 DELAY ENCODE DECODE 10 9 8 VDDA RBOOT VOA RGA VBUS DBOOT CA GNDA NC NC VDDB VOB RGB VDDB CB GNDB NC = NO CONNECT Figure 38. Bootstrapped, Half Bridge Operation Circuit for the ADuM4221 Rev. B | Page 20 of 24 17219-024 BOOTSTRAPPED, HALF BRIDGE OPERATION Data Sheet Data Sheet ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 When driving a MOSFET or IGBT gate, the driver must dissipate power. This power is not insignificant and can lead to TSD if considerations are not made. The gate of an IGBT can be approximately simulated as a capacitive load. Due to Miller capacitance and other nonlinearities, it is common practice to take the stated input capacitance of a given MOSFET or IGBT, CISS, and multiply this capacitance by a factor of 3 to 5 to arrive at a conservative estimate of the approximate load being driven. With this value, the estimated total power dissipation in the system due to the switching action is given by 2 PDISS = CEST × (VDD2 − GND2) × fSW where: CEST = CISS × 5. VDD2 is VDDA or VDDB GND2 is GNDA or GNDB. fSW is the switching frequency of the IGBT. Alternately, use the gate charge as follows: DC CORRECTNESS AND MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY The ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 are resistant to external magnetic fields. The limitation on the ADuM4221/ ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 magnetic field immunity is set by the condition in which the induced voltage in the transformer receiving coil is sufficiently large to either falsely set or reset the decoder. The following analysis defines the conditions under which falsely set or reset of the decoder can occur (see Figure 39 and Figure 40). 100 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (kgauss) POWER DISSIPATION 10 1 0.1 Take the power dissipation found inside the chip and multiply it by θJA to see the rise above ambient temperature that the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 experience, then multiply this value by two because there are two channels. TADuM4221/TADuM4221-1/TADuM4221-2 = θJA × 2 × PDISS_ADuM4221/PDISS_ADuM4221-1/PDISS_ADuM4221-2 + TA 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 39. Maximum Allowable External Magnetic Flux Density 1k DISTANCE = 1m 100 10 DISTANCE = 100mm 1 DISTANCE = 5mm 0.1 0.01 1k For the devices to remain within specification, TADuM4221/TADuM4221-1/ TADuM4221-2 must not exceed 125°C. If TADuM4221/TADuM4221-1/TADuM4221-2 exceeds the TSD rising edge, the devices enter TSD, and the output remains low until the TSD falling edge is crossed. Rev. B | Page 21 of 24 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 40. Maximum Allowable Current for Various Current to ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Spacings 17219-027 PDISS_ADuM4221/PDISS_ADuM4221-1/PDISS_ADuM4221-2 = PDISS × 0.5(RDSON_P/(RGON + RDSON_P) + 0.5(RDSON_N/(RGOFF + RDSON_N)) 0.001 1k MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CURRENT (kA) where QG is the total gate charge of the devices being driven. This power dissipation is shared between the internal on resistances of the internal gate driver switches and the external gate resistances, RGON and RGOFF. The ratio of the internal gate resistances to the total series resistance allows the calculation of losses seen within the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 devices. 17219-026 0.01 PDISS = QG × (VDD2 − GND2) × fSW ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 The values detailed in Table 9 summarize the peak voltage for 20 years of service life for a bipolar ac operating condition, and the maximum CSA and VDE approved working voltages. In many cases, the approved working voltage is higher than the 20 year service life voltage. Operation at these high working voltages can lead to shortened insulation life in some cases. The voltage presented in Figure 42 is shown as sinusoidal for illustration purposes only. This voltage is meant to represent any voltage waveform varying between 0 V and some limiting value. The limiting value can be positive or negative, but the voltage cannot cross 0 V. The insulation lifetime of the ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ ADuM4221-2 depends on the voltage waveform type imposed across the isolation barrier. The iCoupler insulation structure degrades at different rates depending on whether the waveform is bipolar ac, unipolar ac, or dc. Figure 41, Figure 42, and Figure 43 illustrate these different isolation voltage waveforms. RATED PEAK VOLTAGE 17219-033 Analog Devices performs accelerated life testing using voltage levels higher than the rated continuous working voltage. Acceleration factors for several operating conditions are determined. These factors allow calculation of the time to failure at the actual working voltage. 0V Figure 41. Bipolar AC Waveform RATED PEAK VOLTAGE 17219-034 All insulation structures eventually break down when subjected to voltage stress over a sufficiently long period. The rate of insulation degradation is dependent on the characteristics of the voltage waveform applied across the insulation. In addition to the testing performed by regulatory agencies, Analog Devices carries out an extensive set of evaluations to determine the lifetime of the insulation structure within the ADuM4221/ ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2. A bipolar ac voltage environment is the worst condition for iCoupler products and is the 20 year operating lifetime that Analog Devices recommends for the maximum working voltage. In the case of unipolar ac or dc voltage, the stress on the insulation is significantly lower. Unipolar ac or dc voltage operation allows operation at higher working voltages while still achieving a 20 year service life. Any cross insulation voltage waveform that does not conform to Figure 42 or Figure 43 must be treated as a bipolar ac waveform, and its peak voltage must be limited to the 20 year lifetime voltage value listed in Table 9. 0V Figure 42. Unipolar AC Waveform RATED PEAK VOLTAGE 17219-035 INSULATION LIFETIME Data Sheet 0V Figure 43. DC Waveform Rev. B | Page 22 of 24 Data Sheet ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 12.95 12.80 12.65 9 7.60 7.50 7.40 1 PIN 1 INDICATOR 8 10.55 10.30 10.05 TOP VIEW 2.44 2.24 SIDE VIEW PKG-004586 0.25 0.10 COPLANARITY 0.10 1.27 BSC SEATING PLANE 0.49 0.35 0.76 0.25 0.25 BSC GAGE PLANE 2.64 2.50 2.36 45° 0.33 0.23 END VIEW 8° 0° 1.27 0.41 12-13-2017-B 16 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-013-AC Figure 44. 16-Lead Standard Small Outline Package with Increased Creepage [SOIC_IC] (RI-16-2) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1 ADuM4221ARIZ ADuM4221ARIZ-RL Inputs VIA, VIB VIA, VIB Minimum Output Voltage (V) 4.5 4.5 Adjustable Dead Time Yes Yes Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C ADuM4221BRIZ ADuM4221BRIZ-RL VIA, VIB VIA, VIB 7.5 7.5 Yes Yes −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C ADuM4221CRIZ ADuM4221CRIZ-RL VIA, VIB VIA, VIB 11.6 11.6 Yes Yes −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C ADuM4221-1ARIZ ADuM4221-1ARIZ-RL PWM PWM 4.5 4.5 Yes Yes −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C ADuM4221-1BRIZ ADuM4221-1BRIZ-RL PWM PWM 4.5 4.5 Yes Yes −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C ADuM4221-1CRIZ ADuM4221-1CRIZ-RL PWM PWM 4.5 4.5 Yes Yes −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C Rev. B | Page 23 of 24 Package Description 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel Package Option RI-16-2 RI-16-2 Ordering Quantity 1 1,000 RI-16-2 RI-16-2 1 1,000 RI-16-2 RI-16-2 1 1,000 RI-16-2 RI-16-2 1 1,000 RI-16-2 RI-16-2 1 1,000 RI-16-2 RI-16-2 1 1,000 ADuM4221/ADuM4221-1/ADuM4221-2 Data Sheet Model1 ADuM4221-2ARIZ ADuM4221-2ARIZ-RL Inputs VIA, VIB VIA, VIB Minimum Output Voltage (V) 4.5 4.5 Adjustable Dead Time No No Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C ADuM4221-2BRIZ ADuM4221-2BRIZ-RL VIA, VIB VIA, VIB 7.5 7.5 No No −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C ADuM4221-2CRIZ ADuM4221-2CRIZ-RL VIA, VIB VIA, VIB 11.6 11.6 No No −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C EVAL-ADuM4221EBZ EVAL-ADuM4221-1EBZ EVAL-ADuM4221-2EBZ 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. ©2020 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D17219-9/20(B) Rev. B | Page 24 of 24 Package Description 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel 16-Lead SOIC_IC 16-Lead SOIC_IC, 13” Tape and Reel Evaluation Board Evaluation Board Evaluation Board Package Option RI-16-2 RI-16-2 Ordering Quantity 1 1,000 RI-16-2 RI-16-2 1 1,000 RI-16-2 RI-16-2 1 1,000
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