Data Sheet
FEATURES
Quad-Channel, 2.5 kV Isolators with Integrated DC-to-DC Converter ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS
VDD1 1 GND1 2 VIA/VOA 3 VIB/VOB 4 VIC/VOC 5 VOD 6 RCOUT 7 GND1 8 4 CHANNEL iCOUPLER CORE OSC RECT REG
16 VISO 15 GNDISO 14 VOA/VIA 13 VOB/VIB 12 VOC/VIC 11 VID
06577-001
isoPower integrated, isolated dc-to-dc converter Regulated 3.3 V or 5.0 V output Up to 500 mW output power Quad dc-to-25 Mbps (NRZ) signal isolation channels 16-lead SOIC package with 7.6 mm creepage High temperature operation: 105°C maximum High common-mode transient immunity: >25 kV/μs Safety and regulatory approvals UL recognition 2500 V rms for 1 minute per UL 1577 CSA Component Acceptance Notice #5A) VDE certificate of conformity (pending) IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, Part 2) VIORM = 560 V peak
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ ADuM5403/ADuM5404
10 VSEL 9
GNDISO
Figure 1.
VIA VIB VIC VOD
3 4 5 6
APPLICATIONS
RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 transceivers Industrial field bus isolation Power supply startup bias and gate drives Isolated sensor interfaces Industrial PLCs
ADuM5401
14 13 12 11
VOA VOB VOC VID
06577-100
Figure 2. ADuM5401
VIA VIB VOC
1
3 4 5 6
ADuM5402
14 13 12 11
VOA VOB VIC VID
06577-101
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 are quad-channel digital isolators with isoPower®, an integrated, isolated dc-to-dc converter. Based on the Analog Devices, Inc., iCoupler® technology, the dc-to-dc converter provides up to 500 mW of regulated, isolated power at either 5.0 V or 3.3 V from a 5.0 V input supply, or at 3.3 V from a 3.3 V supply at the power levels shown in Table 1. These devices eliminate the need for a separate, isolated dc-to-dc converter in low power, isolated designs. The iCoupler chip scale transformer technology is used to isolate the logic signals and for the power and feedback paths in the dc-todc converter. The result is a small form factor, total isolation solution. The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 isolators provide four independent isolation channels in a variety of channel configurations and data rates (see the Ordering Guide for more information). isoPower uses high frequency switching elements to transfer power through its transformer. Special care must be taken during printed circuit board (PCB) layout to meet emissions standards. See the AN-0971 Application Note for board layout recommendations.
1
VOD
Figure 3. ADuM5402
VIA VOB VOC VOD
3 4 5 6
ADuM5403
14 13 12 11
VOA VIB VIC VID
06577-102
Figure 4. ADuM5403
VOA VOB VOC VOD
6 11 3 4 5
ADuM5404
14 13 12
VIA VIB VIC VID
06577-103
Figure 5. ADuM5404
Table 1. Power Levels
Input Voltage (V) 5.0 5.0 3.3 Output Voltage (V) 5.0 3.3 3.3 Output Power (mW) 500 330 200
Protected by U.S. Patents 5,952,849; 6,873,065; 6,903,578; and 7,075,329. Other patents are pending.
Rev. B
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications....................................................................................... 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagrams............................................................. 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Electrical Characteristics—5 V Primary Input Supply/5 V Secondary Isolated Supply .......................................................... 3 Electrical Characteristics—3.3 V Primary Input Supply/3.3 V Secondary Isolated Supply .......................................................... 5 Electrical Characteristics—5 V Primary Input Supply/3.3 V Secondary Isolated Supply .......................................................... 7 Package Characteristics ............................................................... 9 Regulatory Information............................................................... 9 Insulation and Safety-Related Specifications............................ 9 IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, Part 2):2003-01 Insulation Characteristics ............................................................................ 10 Recommended Operating Conditions .................................... 10 Absolute Maximum Ratings.......................................................... 11
Data Sheet
ESD Caution................................................................................ 11 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ......................... 12 Truth Table .................................................................................. 15 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 16 Terminology .................................................................................... 19 Applications Information .............................................................. 20 PCB Layout ................................................................................. 20 Thermal Analysis ....................................................................... 20 Propagation Delay-Related Parameters................................... 21 Start-Up Behavior....................................................................... 21 EMI Considerations................................................................... 21 DC Correctness and Magnetic Field Immunity........................... 21 Power Consumption .................................................................. 22 Power Considerations................................................................ 23 Increasing Available Power ....................................................... 23 Insulation Lifetime ..................................................................... 24 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 25 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 25 Added Increasing Available Power Section and Table 26 ......... 23 Added Table 27 ............................................................................... 24 Changes to Insulation Lifetime Section ...................................... 24 11/08—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to Figure 1 and General Description Section ................1 Changes to Table 1.............................................................................3 Changes to Table 2.............................................................................5 Changes to Table 4.............................................................................7 Changes to Table 6 and Table 7 .......................................................8 Changes to Table 8 and Table 9 .......................................................9 Changes to Figure 7 and Table 10................................................. 10 Changes to Figure 8 and Table 11................................................. 11 Changes to Figure 9 and Table 12................................................. 12 Changes to Figure 10 and Table 13 .............................................. 13 Moved Truth Table Section ........................................................... 13 Changes to Applications Information Section and PCB Layout Section.............................................................................................. 17 Changes to DC Correctness and Magnetic Field Immunity Section.............................................................................................. 18 Changes to Power Considerations Section ................................. 20 Added Increasing Available Power Section, Table 15, and Table 16 ............................................................................................ 20 5/08—Revision 0: Initial Version
REVISION HISTORY
9/11—Rev. A to Rev. B Changes to Product Title, Features Section, and General Description Section .......................................................................... 1 Added Table 1; Renumbered Sequentially .................................... 1 Changes to Specifications Section.................................................. 3 Changes to Table 19 and Table 20 ................................................ 11 Changes to Table 21........................................................................ 12 Changes to Table 22........................................................................ 13 Changes to Table 23........................................................................ 14 Changes to Table 24 and Table 25 ................................................ 15 Changes to Figure 11 to Figure 13................................................ 16 Changes to Figure 11, Figure 12 Caption, Figure 14 Caption, and Figure 16 Caption.................................................................... 16 Added Figure 19 and Figure 20; Renumbered Sequentially ..... 17 Changes to Figure 21 and Figure 22............................................. 17 Changes to Terminology Section.................................................. 19 Changes to Applications Information Section............................ 20 Deleted Increasing Available Power, Figure 15, and Figure 16; Renumbered Sequentially.............................................................. 20 Changes to PCB Layout Section ................................................... 20 Added Start-Up Behavior Section ................................................ 21 Moved and Changes to EMI Considerations Section................ 21 Changes to DC Correctness and Magnetic Field Immunity Section.............................................................................................. 21 Changes to Power Consumption Section and Figure 29........... 22 Changes to Power Considerations................................................ 23
Rev. B | Page 2 of 28
Data Sheet SPECIFICATIONS
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—5 V PRIMARY INPUT SUPPLY/5 V SECONDARY ISOLATED SUPPLY
Typical specifications are at TA = 25°C, VDD1 = VSEL = VISO = 5 V. Minimum/maximum specifications apply over the entire recommended operation range which is 4.5 V ≤ VDD1, VSEL, VISO ≤ 5.5 V; and −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +105°C, unless otherwise noted. Switching specifications are tested with CL = 15 pF and CMOS signal levels, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. DC-to-DC Converter Static Specifications
Parameter DC-TO-DC CONVERTER SUPPLY Setpoint Line Regulation Load Regulation Output Ripple Output Noise Switching Frequency PWM Frequency Output Supply Current Efficiency at IISO (MAX) IDD1, No VISO Load IDD1, Full VISO Load Symbol VISO VISO (LINE) VISO (LOAD) VISO (RIP) VISO (NOISE) fOSC fPWM IISO (MAX) IDD1 (Q) IDD1 (MAX) Min 4.7 Typ 5.0 1 1 75 200 180 625 34 19 290 Max 5.4 5 Unit V mV/V % mV p-p mV p-p MHz kHz mA % mA mA Test Conditions/Comments IISO = 0 mA IISO = 50 mA, VDD1 = 4.5 V to 5.5 V IISO = 10 mA to 90 mA 20 MHz bandwidth, CBO = 0.1 μF||10 μF, IISO = 90 mA CBO = 0.1 μF||10 μF, IISO = 90 mA
100 30
VISO > 4.5 V IISO = 100 mA
Table 3. DC-to-DC Converter Dynamic Specifications
Parameter SUPPLY CURRENT Input ADuM5401 ADuM5402 ADuM5403 ADuM5404 Available to Load ADuM5401 ADuM5402 ADuM5403 ADuM5404 Symbol IDD1 19 19 19 19 IISO (LOAD) 100 100 100 100 87 85 83 81 mA mA mA mA 68 71 75 78 mA mA mA mA No VISO load No VISO load No VISO load No VISO load 1 Mbps—A Grade, C Grade Min Typ Max 25 Mbps—C Grade Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
Table 4. Switching Specifications
Parameter SWITCHING SPECIFICATIONS Data Rate Propagation Delay Pulse Width Distortion Change vs. Temperature Pulse Width Propagation Delay Skew Channel Matching Codirectional 1 Opposing Directional 2
1
7
Symbol
Min
A Grade Typ Max 1 100 40
Min
C Grade Typ Max 25 60 6
Unit Mbps ns ns ps/°C ns ns ns ns
Test Conditions/Comments Within PWD limit 50% input to 50% output |tPLH − tPHL| Within PWD limit Between any two units
tPHL, tPLH PWD PW tPSK tPSKCD tPSKOD 1000
55
45 5 40
50 50 50
15 6 15
Codirectional channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between any two channels with inputs on the same side of the isolation barrier. 2 Opposing directional channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between any two channels with inputs on opposing sides of the isolation barrier.
Rev. B | Page 3 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Table 5. Input and Output Characteristics
Parameter DC SPECIFICATIONS Logic High Input Threshold Logic Low Input Threshold Logic High Output Voltages Logic Low Output Voltages Undervoltage Lockout Positive Going Threshold Negative Going Threshold Hysteresis Input Currents per Channel AC SPECIFICATIONS Output Rise/Fall Time Common-Mode Transient Immunity 1 Refresh Rate
1
Data Sheet
Max Unit V V V V V V V V V μA ns kV/μs Mbps IOx = −20 μA, VIx = VIxH IOx = −4 mA, VIx = VIxH IOx = 20 μA, VIx = VIxL IOx = 4 mA, VIx = VIxL VDD1, VDDL, VISO supplies Test Conditions/Comments
Symbol VIH VIL VOH VOL UVLO VUV+ VUV− VUVH II tR/tF |CM| fr
Min 0.7 × VISO or 0.7 × VDD1
Typ
0.3 × VISO or 0.3 × VDD1 VDD1 − 0.3 or VISO − 0.3 VDD1 − 0.5 or VISO − 0.5 5.0 4.8 0.0 0.2 2.7 2.4 0.3 +0.01 2.5 35 1.0
0.1 0.4
−20
+20
0 V ≤ VIx ≤ VDDx 10% to 90% VIx= VDD1 or VISO, VCM = 1000 V, transient magnitude = 800 V
25
|CM| is the maximum common-mode voltage slew rate that can be sustained while maintaining VO > 0.7 × VDD1 or 0.7 × VISO for a high output or VO < 0.3 × VDD1 or 0.3 × VISO for a low output. The common-mode voltage slew rates apply to both rising and falling common-mode voltage edges.
Rev. B | Page 4 of 28
Data Sheet
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—3.3 V PRIMARY INPUT SUPPLY/3.3 V SECONDARY ISOLATED SUPPLY
Typical specifications are at TA = 25°C, VDD1 = VISO = 3.3 V, VSEL = GNDISO. Minimum/maximum specifications apply over the entire recommended operation range which is 3.0 V ≤ VDD1, VSEL, VISO ≤ 3.6 V; and −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +105°C, unless otherwise noted. Switching specifications are tested with CL = 15 pF and CMOS signal levels, unless otherwise noted. Table 6. DC-to-DC Converter Static Specifications
Parameter DC-TO-DC CONVERTER SUPPLY Setpoint Line Regulation Load Regulation Output Ripple Output Noise Switching Frequency PWM Frequency Output Supply Current Efficiency at IISO (MAX) IDD1, No VISO Load IDD1, Full VISO Load Symbol VISO VISO (LINE) VISO (LOAD) VISO (RIP) VISO (NOISE) fOSC fPWM IISO (MAX) IDD1 (Q) IDD1 (MAX) Min 3.0 Typ 3.3 1 1 50 130 180 625 33 14 175 Max 3.6 5 Unit V mV/V % mV p-p mV p-p MHz kHz mA % mA mA Test Conditions/Comments IISO = 0 mA IISO = 30 mA, VDD1 = 3.0 V to 3.6 V IISO = 6 mA to 54 mA 20 MHz bandwidth, CBO = 0.1 μF||10 μF, IISO = 54 mA CBO = 0.1 μF||10 μF, IISO = 54 mA
60 20
VISO > 3 V IISO = 60 mA
Table 7. DC-to-DC Converter Dynamic Specifications
Parameter SUPPLY CURRENT Input ADuM5401 ADuM5402 ADuM5403 ADuM5404 Available to Load ADuM5401 ADuM5402 ADuM5403 ADuM5404 Symbol IDD1 14 14 14 14 IISO (LOAD) 60 60 60 60 52 51 49 48 mA mA mA mA 44 46 47 51 mA mA mA mA No VISO load No VISO load No VISO load No VISO load Min 1 Mbps—A or C Grade Typ Max 25 Mbps—C Grade Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
Table 8. Switching Specifications
Parameter SWITCHING SPECIFICATIONS Data Rate Propagation Delay Pulse Width Distortion Change vs. Temperature Pulse Width Propagation Delay Skew Channel Matching Codirectional 1 Opposing Directional 2
1
7
Symbol
Min
A Grade Typ Max 1 100 40
Min
C Grade Typ Max 25 60 6
Unit Mbps ns ns ps/°C ns ns ns ns
Test Conditions/Comments Within PWD limit 50% input to 50% output |tPLH − tPHL| Within PWD limit Between any two units
tPHL, tPLH PWD PW tPSK tPSKCD tPSKOD 1000
60
45 5 40
50 50 50
45 6 15
Codirectional channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between any two channels with inputs on the same side of the isolation barrier. 2 Opposing directional channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between any two channels with inputs on opposing sides of the isolation barrier.
Rev. B | Page 5 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Table 9. Input and Output Characteristics
Parameter DC SPECIFICATIONS Logic High Input Threshold Logic Low Input Threshold Logic High Output Voltages Logic Low Output Voltages Undervoltage Lockout Positive Going Threshold Negative Going Threshold Hysteresis Input Currents per Channel AC SPECIFICATIONS Output Rise/Fall Time Common-Mode Transient Immunity 1 Refresh Rate
1
Data Sheet
Max Unit V V V V V V V V V μA ns kV/μs Mbps IOx = −20 μA, VIx = VIxH IOx = −4 mA, VIx = VIxH IOx = 20 μA, VIx = VIxL IOx = 4 mA, VIx = VIxL VDD1, VDDL, VISO supplies Test Conditions/Comments
Symbol VIH VIL VOH VOL UVLO VUV+ VUV− VUVH II tR/tF |CM| fr
Min 0.7 × VISO or 0.7 × VDD1
Typ
0.3 × VISO or 0.3 × VDD1 VDD1 − 0.3 or VISO − 0.3 VDD1 − 0.5 or VISO − 0.5 3.3 3.1 0.0 0.0 2.7 2.4 0.3 +0.01 2.5 35 1.0
0.1 0.4
−10
+10
0 V ≤ VIx ≤ VDDx 10% to 90% VIx = VDD1 or VISO, VCM = 1000 V, transient magnitude = 800 V
25
|CM| is the maximum common-mode voltage slew rate that can be sustained while maintaining VO > 0.7 × VDD1 or 0.7 × VISO for a high output or VO < 0.3 × VDD1 or 0.3 × VISO for a low output. The common-mode voltage slew rates apply to both rising and falling common-mode voltage edges.
Rev. B | Page 6 of 28
Data Sheet
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—5 V PRIMARY INPUT SUPPLY/3.3 V SECONDARY ISOLATED SUPPLY
Typical specifications are at TA = 25°C, VDD1 = 5.0 V, VISO = 3.3 V, VSEL = GNDISO. Minimum/maximum specifications apply over the entire recommended operation range which is 4.5 V ≤ VDD1 ≤ 5.5 V, 3.0 V ≤ VISO ≤ 3.6 V; and −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +105°C, unless otherwise noted. Switching specifications are tested with CL = 15 pF and CMOS signal levels, unless otherwise noted. Table 10. DC-to-DC Converter Static Specifications
Parameter DC-TO-DC CONVERTER SUPPLY Setpoint Line Regulation Load Regulation Output Ripple Output Noise Switching Frequency PWM Frequency Output Supply Current Efficiency at IISO (MAX) IDD1, No VISO Load IDD1, Full VISO Load Symbol VISO VISO (LINE) VISO (LOAD) VISO (RIP) VISO (NOISE) fOSC fPWM IISO (MAX) IDD1 (Q) IDD1 (MAX) Min 3.0 Typ 3.3 1 1 50 130 180 625 30 14 230 Max 3.6 5 Unit V mV/V % mV p-p mV p-p MHz kHz mA % mA mA Test Conditions/Comments IISO = 0 mA IISO = 50 mA, VDD1 = 3.0 V to 3.6 V IISO = 6 mA to 54 mA 20 MHz bandwidth, CBO = 0.1 μF||10 μF, IISO = 90 mA CBO = 0.1 μF||10 μF, IISO = 90 mA
100 20
VISO > 3 V IISO = 90 mA
Table 11. DC-to-DC Converter Dynamic Specifications
Parameter SUPPLY CURRENT Input ADuM5401 ADuM5402 ADuM5403 ADuM5404 Available to Load ADuM5401 ADuM5402 ADuM5403 ADuM5404 Symbol IDD1 9 9 9 9 IISO (LOAD) 100 100 100 100 92 91 89 88 mA mA mA mA 44 45 46 47 mA mA mA mA No VISO load No VISO load No VISO load No VISO load 1 Mbps—A or C Grade Min Typ Max 25 Mbps—C Grade Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
Table 12. Switching Specifications
Parameter SWITCHING SPECIFICATIONS Data Rate Propagation Delay Pulse Width Distortion Change vs. Temperature Pulse Width Propagation Delay Skew Channel Matching Codirectional 1 Opposing Directional 2
1 2
7
Symbol
Min
A Grade Typ Max 1 100 40
Min
C Grade Typ Max 25 60 6
Unit Mbps ns ns ps/°C ns ns ns ns
Test Conditions/Comments Within PWD limit 50% input to 50% output |tPLH − tPHL| Within PWD limit Between any two units
tPHL, tPLH PWD PW tPSK tPSKCD tPSKOD 1000
60
45 5 40
50 50 50
15 6 15
Codirectional channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between any two channels with inputs on the same side of the isolation barrier. Opposing directional channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between any two channels with inputs on opposing sides of the isolation barrier.
Rev. B | Page 7 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Table 13. Input and Output Characteristics
Parameter DC SPECIFICATIONS Logic High Input Threshold Logic Low Input Threshold Logic High Output Voltages Symbol VIH VIL VOH VDD1 − 0.2, VISO − 0.2 VDD1 − 0.5 or VISO − 0.5 VDD1 or VISO VDD1 − 0.2 or VISO − 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.7 2.4 0.3 +0.01 2.5 35 1.0 Min 0.7 × VISO or 0.7 × VDD1 0.3 × VISO or 0.3 × VDD1 Typ Max Unit V V V V 0.1 0.4 V V V V V μA ns kV/μs Mbps
Data Sheet
Test Conditions/Comments
IOx = −20 μA, VIx = VIxH IOx = −4 mA, VIx = VIxH IOx = 20 μA, VIx = VIxL IOx = 4 mA, VIx = VIxL VDD1, VDDL, VISO supplies
Logic Low Output Voltages Undervoltage Lockout Positive Going Threshold Negative Going Threshold Hysteresis Input Currents per Channel AC SPECIFICATIONS Output Rise/Fall Time Common-Mode Transient Immunity 1 Refresh Rate
1
VOL UVLO VUV+ VUV− VUVH II tR/tF |CM| fr
−10
+10
0 V ≤ VIx ≤ VDDx 10% to 90% VIx = VDD1 or VISO, VCM = 1000 V, transient magnitude = 800 V
25
|CM| is the maximum common-mode voltage slew rate that can be sustained while maintaining VO > 0.7 × VDD1 or 0.7 × VISO for a high output or VO < 0.3 × VDD1 or 0.3 × VISO for a low output. The common-mode voltage slew rates apply to both rising and falling common-mode voltage edges.
Rev. B | Page 8 of 28
Data Sheet
PACKAGE CHARACTERISTICS
Table 14.
Parameter RESISTANCE AND CAPACITANCE Resistance (Input-to-Output) 1 Capacitance (Input-to-Output)1 Input Capacitance 2 IC Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance
1 2
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Symbol RI-O CI-O CI θJA
Min
Typ 1012 2.2 4.0 45
Max
Unit Ω pF pF °C/W
Test Conditions/Comments
f = 1 MHz Thermocouple located at center of package underside, test conducted on 4-layer board with thin traces 3
This device is considered a 2-terminal device; Pin 1 through Pin 8 are shorted together, and Pin 9 through Pin 16 are shorted together. Input capacitance is from any input data pin to ground. 3 See the Thermal Analysis section for thermal model definitions.
REGULATORY INFORMATION
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 are approved by the organizations listed in Table 15. Refer to Table 20 and the Insulation Lifetime section for more information about the recommended maximum working voltages for specific cross-insulation waveforms and insulation levels. Table 15.
UL 1 Recognized under 1577 component recognition program1 Single protection, 2500 V rms isolation voltage CSA Approved under CSA Component Acceptance Notice #5A Testing was conducted per CSA 60950-1-07 and IEC 60950-1 2nd Ed. at 2.5 kV rated voltage. Basic insulation at 600 V rms (848 V peak) working voltage. Reinforced insulation at 250 V rms (353 V peak) working voltage. File 205078 VDE (Pending)2 Certified according to IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884 Part 2):2003-01 2 Basic insulation, 560 V peak
File E214100
1
File 2471900-4880-0001
In accordance with UL 1577, each ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥ 3000 V rms for 1 second (current leakage detection limit = 10 μA). 2 In accordance with IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884 Part 2):2003-01, each ADuM540x is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥1590 V peak for 1 second (partial discharge detection limit = 5 pC). The * marking branded on the component designates IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884 Part 2):2003-01 approval.
INSULATION AND SAFETY-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Table 16. Critical Safety-Related Dimensions and Material Properties
Parameter Rated Dielectric Insulation Voltage Minimum External Air Distance Minimum External Tracking (Creepage) Minimum Internal Gap (Internal Clearance) Tracking Resistance (Comparative Tracking Index) Material Group Symbol Value 2500 L(I01) 8.0 L(I02) Unit Test Conditions/Comments V rms 1-minute duration mm Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance through air 7.6 mm Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance path along body 0.017 min mm Distance through insulation >175 V DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303, Part 1 IIIa Material Group (DIN VDE 0110, 1/89, Table 1)
CTI
Rev. B | Page 9 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, PART 2):2003-01 INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS
Data Sheet
These isolators are suitable for reinforced electrical isolation only within the safety limit data. Maintenance of the safety data is ensured by the protective circuits. The asterisk (*) marking on packages denotes IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, Part 2) approval. Table 17. VDE Characteristics
Description Installation Classification per DIN VDE 0110 For Rated Mains Voltage ≤ 150 V rms For Rated Mains Voltage ≤ 300 V rms For Rated Mains Voltage ≤ 400 V rms Climatic Classification Pollution Degree per DIN VDE 0110, Table 1 Maximum Working Insulation Voltage Input-to-Output Test Voltage, Method b1 Input-to-Output Test Voltage, Method a After Environmental Tests Subgroup 1 After Input and/or Safety Test Subgroup 2 and Subgroup 3 Highest Allowable Overvoltage Safety Limiting Values Case Temperature Side 1 IDD1 Current Insulation Resistance at TS
600
Conditions
Symbol
Characteristic I to IV I to III I to II 40/105/21 2 560 1050
Unit
VIORM × 1.875 = VPR, 100% production test, tm = 1 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC VIORM × 1.6 = VPR, tm = 60 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC VIORM × 1.2 = VPR, tm = 60 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC Transient overvoltage, tTR = 10 sec Maximum value allowed in the event of a failure (see Figure 6)
VIORM VPR VPR
V peak V peak
896 672 VTR 4000
V peak V peak V peak
VIO = 500 V
TS IS1 RS
150 555 >109
°C mA Ω
SAFE OPERATING VDD1 CURRENT (mA)
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
50 100 150 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
200
Figure 6. Thermal Derating Curve, Dependence of Safety Limiting Values on Case Temperature, per DIN EN 60747-5-2
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Table 18.
Parameter Operating Temperature 1 Supply Voltages 2 VDD1 @ VSEL = 0 V VDD1 @ VSEL = VISO
1 2
Symbol TA VDD VDD
Min −40 3.0 4.5
06577-002
Max +105 5.5 5.5
Unit °C V V
Operation at 105°C requires reduction of the maximum load current as specified in Table 19. Each voltage is relative to its respective ground.
Rev. B | Page 10 of 28
Data Sheet ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Ambient temperature = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 19.
Parameter Storage Temperature Range (TST) Ambient Operating Temperature Range (TA) Supply Voltages (VDD1, VISO) 1 Input Voltage (VIA, VIB, VIC, VID, VSEL)1, 2 Output Voltage (VOA, VOB, VOC, VOD)1, 2 Average Output Current per Pin 3 Common-Mode Transients 4
1 2
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Rating −55°C to +150°C −40°C to +105°C −0.5 V to +7.0 V −0.5 V to VDDI + 0.5 V −0.5 V to VDDO + 0.5 V −10 mA to +10 mA −100 kV/μs to +100 kV/μs
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
Each voltage is relative to its respective ground. VDDI and VDDO refer to the supply voltages on the input and output sides of a given channel, respectively. See the PCB Layout section. 3 See Figure 6 for maximum rated current values for various temperatures. 4 . Common-mode transients exceeding the absolute maximum slew rate may cause latch-up or permanent damage.
Table 20. Maximum Continuous Working Voltage Supporting 50-Year Minimum Lifetime 1
Parameter AC Voltage, Bipolar Waveform AC Voltage, Unipolar Waveform Basic Insulation Reinforced Insulation DC Voltage Basic Insulation Reinforced Insulation
1
Max 424 600 353 600 353
Unit V peak V peak V peak V peak V peak
Applicable Certification All certifications, 50-year operation Working voltage per IEC 60950-1 Working voltage per IEC 60950-1 Working voltage per IEC 60950-1 Working voltage per IEC 60950-1
Refers to the continuous voltage magnitude imposed across the isolation barrier. See the Insulation Lifetime section for more information.
Rev. B | Page 11 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
VDD1 1 GND1 2 VIA 3 VIB 4 VIC 5 VOD 6 RCOUT 7 GND1 8
16 15
Data Sheet
VISO GNDISO VOA
ADuM5401
14
13 VOB TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 12 VOC 11 10 9
VID GNDISO
06577-004
VSEL
Figure 7. ADuM5401 Pin Configuration
Table 21. ADuM5401 Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 VDD1 Primary Supply Voltage, 3.0 V to 5.5 V. 2, 8 GND1 Ground 1. Ground reference for isolator primary. Pin 2 and Pin 8 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 3 VIA Logic Input A. 4 VIB Logic Input B. 5 VIC Logic Input C. 6 VOD Logic Output D. 7 RCOUT Regulation Control Output. This pin is connected to the RCIN of a slave isoPower device to allow the ADuM5401 to control the regulation of the slave device. 9, 15 GNDISO Ground Reference for Isolator Side 2. Pin 9 and Pin 15 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 10 VSEL Output Voltage Selection. When VSEL = VISO, the VISO setpoint is 5.0 V. When VSEL = GNDISO, the VISO setpoint is 3.3 V. 11 VID Logic Input D. 12 VOC Logic Output C. 13 VOB Logic Output B. 14 VOA Logic Output A. 16 VISO Secondary Supply Voltage Output for External Loads, 3.3 V (VSEL Low) or 5.0 V (VSEL High).
Rev. B | Page 12 of 28
Data Sheet
VDD1 1 GND1 2 VIA 3 VIB 4 VOC 5 VOD 6 RCOUT 7 GND1 8
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
16 15
VISO GNDISO VOA
ADuM5402
14
13 VOB TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 12 VIC 11 10 9
VID GNDISO
06577-005
VSEL
Figure 8. ADuM5402 Pin Configuration
Table 22. ADuM5402 Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 VDD1 Primary Supply Voltage, 3.0 V to 5.5 V. 2, 8 GND1 Ground 1. Ground reference for isolator primary. Pin 2 and Pin 8 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 3 VIA Logic Input A. 4 VIB Logic Input B. 5 VOC Logic Output C. 6 VOD Logic Output D. 7 RCOUT Regulation Control Output. This pin is connected to the RCIN of a slave isoPower device to allow the ADuM5402 to control the regulation of the slave device. 9, 15 GNDISO Ground Reference for Isolator Side 2. Pin 9 and Pin 15 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 10 VSEL Output Voltage Selection. When VSEL = VISO, the VISO setpoint is 5.0 V. When VSEL = GNDISO, the VISO setpoint is 3.3 V. 11 VID Logic Input D. 12 VIC Logic Input C. 13 VOB Logic Output B. 14 VOA Logic Output A. 16 VISO Secondary Supply Voltage Output for External Loads, 3.3 V (VSEL Low) or 5.0 V (VSEL High).
Rev. B | Page 13 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
VDD1 1 GND1 2 VIA 3 VOB 4 VOC 5 VOD 6 RCOUT 7 GND1 8
16 15
Data Sheet
VISO GNDISO VOA
ADuM5403
14
13 VIB TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 12 VIC 11 10 9
VID GNDISO
06577-006
VSEL
Figure 9. ADuM5403 Pin Configuration
Table 23. ADuM5403 Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 VDD1 Primary Supply Voltage, 3.0 V to 5.5 V. 2, 8 GND1 Ground 1. Ground reference for isolator primary. Pin 2 and Pin 8 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 3 VIA Logic Input A. 4 VOB Logic Output B. 5 VOC Logic Output C. 6 VOD Logic Output D. 7 RCOUT Regulation Control Output. This pin is connected to the RCIN of a slave isoPower device to allow the ADuM5403 to control the regulation of the slave device. 9, 15 GNDISO Ground Reference for Isolator Side 2. Pin 9 and Pin 15 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 10 VSEL Output Voltage Selection. When VSEL = VISO, the VISO setpoint is 5.0 V. When VSEL = GNDISO, the VISO setpoint is 3.3 V. 11 VID Logic Input D. 12 VIC Logic Input C. 13 VIB Logic Input B. 14 VOA Logic Output A. 16 VISO Secondary Supply Voltage Output for External Loads, 3.3 V (VSEL Low) or 5.0 V (VSEL High).
Rev. B | Page 14 of 28
Data Sheet
VDD1 1 GND1 2 VOA 3 VOB 4 VOC 5 VOD 6 RCOUT 7 GND1 8
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
16 15
VISO GNDISO VIA
ADuM5404
14
13 VIB TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 12 VIC 11 10 9
VID GNDISO
06577-007
VSEL
Figure 10. ADuM5404 Pin Configuration
Table 24. ADuM5404 Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 VDD1 Primary Supply Voltage, 3.0 V to 5.5 V. 2, 8 GND1 Ground 1. Ground reference for isolator primary. Pin 2 and Pin 8 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 3 VOA Logic Output A. 4 VOB Logic Output B. 5 VOC Logic Output C. 6 VOD Logic Output D. 7 RCOUT Regulation Control Output. This pin is connected to the RCIN of a slave isoPower device to allow the ADuM5404 to control the regulation of the slave device. 9, 15 GNDISO Ground Reference for Isolator Side 2. Pin 9 and Pin 15 are internally connected, and it is recommended that both pins be connected to a common ground. 10 VSEL Output Voltage Selection. When VSEL = VISO, the VISO setpoint is 5.0 V. When VSEL = GNDISO, the VISO setpoint is 3.3 V. 11 VID Logic Input D. 12 VIC Logic Input C. 13 VIB Logic Input B. 14 VIA Logic Input A. 16 VISO Secondary Supply Voltage Output for External Loads, 3.3 V (VSEL Low) or 5.0 V (VSEL High).
TRUTH TABLE
Table 25. Truth Table (Positive Logic)
VSEL 1 H L L H
1 2
RCOUT 2 PWM PWM PWM PWM
VDD1 (V) 5 5 3.3 3.3
VISO (V) 5 3.3 3.3 5
Notes Master mode, normal operation. Master mode, normal operation. Master mode, normal operation. This supply configuration is not recommended due to extremely poor efficiency.
H refers to a high logic, and L refers to a low logic. PWM refers to the regulation control signal. This signal is derived from the secondary side regulator and can be used to control other isoPower devices.
Rev. B | Page 15 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
0.40 0.35 0.30
INPUT CURRENT (A)
Data Sheet
4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 IDD 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 6.5
POWER
EFFICIENCY
0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0
3.3V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT 5V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT 5V INPUT/5V OUTPUT
06577-033
0.5 0 3.0
POWER (W)
06577-011
0.25
0
0.02
0.04 0.06 0.08 OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
0.10
0.12
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 11. Typical Power Supply Efficiency at 5 V Input/5 V Output and 3.3 V Input/3.3 V Output
1.0 0.9 0.8
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
Figure 14. Typical Short-Circuit Input Current and Power vs. VDD1 Supply Voltage
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV)
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 VDD1 = 5V, VISO = 5V VDD1 = 5V, VISO = 3V VDD1 = 3.3V, VISO = 3.3V
06577-026
10% LOAD
90% LOAD
DYNAMIC LOAD
(100µs/DIV)
IISO (A)
Figure 12. Typical Total Power Dissipation vs. Isolated Output Supply Current in All Supported Power Configurations
0.12
Figure 15. Typical VISO Transient Load Response, 5 V Output, 10% to 90% Load Step
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/DIV)
0.10
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
0.08
0.06
DYNAMIC LOAD
0.04
10% LOAD
90% LOAD
3.3V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT 5V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT 5V INPUT/5V OUTPUT 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
06577-027
0
(100µs/DIV)
INPUT CURRENT (A)
Figure 13. Typical Isolated Output Supply Current vs. Input Current in All Supported Power Configurations
Figure 16. Typical VISO Transient Load Response, 3.3 V Output, 10% to 90% Load Step
Rev. B | Page 16 of 28
06577-013
0.02
06577-012
Data Sheet
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
5
5V OUTPUT RIPPLE (10mV/DIV)
4
10% LOAD
VISO (V)
3 90% LOAD 2
1
06577-014
BW = 20MHz (400ns/DIV)
0 –1.0
–0.5
0
0.5
1.0 1.5 TIME (ms)
2.0
2.5
3.0
Figure 17. Typical VISO = 5 V Output Voltage Ripple at 90% Load
Figure 20. Typical Output Voltage Start-Up Transient at 10% and 90% Load, VISO = 3.3 V
20
5V INPUT/5V OUTPUT 3.3V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT 5V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT
3.3V OUTPUT RIPPLE (10mV/DIV)
16
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
12
8
4
06577-015
BW = 20MHz (400ns/DIV)
0
5
10 15 DATA RATE (Mbps)
20
25
Figure 18. Typical VISO = 3.3 V Output Voltage Ripple at 90% Load
7 10% LOAD 6
Figure 21. Typical ICH Supply Current per Forward Data Channel (15 pF Output Load)
20
5V INPUT/5V OUTPUT 3.3V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT 5V INPUT/3.3V OUTPUT
16
5 4 3 2
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
12
VISO (V)
90% LOAD
8
4
06577-030
1
0 –1 0 1 TIME (ms) 2 3
0
5
10 15 DATA RATE (Mbps)
20
25
Figure 19. Typical Output Voltage Start-Up Transient at 10% and 90% Load, VISO = 5 V
Figure 22. Typical ICH Supply Current per Reverse Data Channel (15 pF Output Load)
Rev. B | Page 17 of 28
06577-029
0
06577-028
0
06577-031
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
5 3.0
Data Sheet
4
2.5
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
2.0
3 5V 2 3.3V 1
1.5 5V 1.0 3.3V 0.5
06577-119
0
5
10 15 DATA RATE (Mbps)
20
25
0
5
10 15 DATA RATE (Mbps)
20
25
Figure 23. Typical IISO(D) Dynamic Supply Current per Input
Figure 24. Typical IISO(D) Dynamic Supply Current per Output (15 pF Output Load)
Rev. B | Page 18 of 28
06577-118
0
0
Data Sheet TERMINOLOGY
IDD1 (Q) IDD1(Q) is the minimum operating current drawn at the VDD1 pin when there is no external load at VISO and the I/O pins are operating below 2 Mbps, requiring no additional dynamic supply current. IDD1(Q) reflects the minimum current operating condition. IDD1 (D) IDD1 (D) is the typical input supply current with all channels simultaneously driven at a maximum data rate of 25 Mbps with full capacitive load representing the maximum dynamic load conditions. Resistive loads on the outputs should be treated separately from the dynamic load. IDD1 (MAX) IDD1 (MAX) is the input current under full dynamic and VISO load conditions. ISO (LOAD) ISO (LOAD) is the current available to the load. tPHL Propagation Delay The tPHL propagation delay is measured from the 50% level of the falling edge of the VIx signal to the 50% level of the falling edge of the VOx signal.
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
tPLH Propagation Delay tPLH propagation delay is measured from the 50% level of the rising edge of the VIx signal to the 50% level of the rising edge of the VOx signal. Propagation Delay Skew, tPSK tPSK is the magnitude of the worst-case difference in tPHL and/or tPLH that is measured between units at the same operating temperature, supply voltages, and output load within the recommended operating conditions. Channel-to-Channel Matching, (tPSKCD/tPSKOD) Channel-to-channel matching is the absolute value of the difference in propagation delays between two channels when operated with identical loads. Minimum Pulse Width The minimum pulse width is the shortest pulse width at which the specified pulse width distortion is guaranteed. Maximum Data Rate The maximum data rate is the fastest data rate at which the specified pulse width distortion is guaranteed.
Rev. B | Page 19 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The dc-to-dc converter section of the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ ADuM5403/ADuM5404 works on principles that are common to most switching power supplies. It has a secondary side controller architecture with isolated pulse-width modulation (PWM) feedback. VDD1 power is supplied to an oscillating circuit that switches current into a chip-scale air core transformer. Power transferred to the secondary side is rectified and regulated to either 3.3 V or 5 V. The secondary (VISO) side controller regulates the output by creating a PWM control signal that is sent to the primary (VDD1) side by a dedicated iCoupler data channel. The PWM modulates the oscillator circuit to control the power being sent to the secondary side. Feedback allows for significantly higher power and efficiency. The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 implement undervoltage lockout (UVLO) with hysteresis on the VDD1 power input. This feature ensures that the converter does not enter oscillation due to noisy input power or slow power-on ramp rates.
BYPASS < 2mm VDD1 GND1 VIA/VOA VIB/VOB VIC/VOC VID/VOD RCOUT GND1
Data Sheet
VISO GNDISO VOA/VIA VOB/VIB VOC/VIC VOD/VID GNDISO
06577-120
VSEL
Figure 25. Recommended PCB Layout
In applications involving high common-mode transients, ensure that board coupling across the isolation barrier is minimized. Furthermore, design the board layout such that any coupling that does occur affects all pins equally on a given component side. Failure to ensure this can cause voltage differentials between pins exceeding the absolute maximum ratings for the device as specified in Table 19, thereby leading to latch-up and/or permanent damage. The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 are power devices that dissipates approximately 1 W of power when fully loaded and running at maximum speed. Because it is not possible to apply a heat sink to an isolation device, the devices primarily depend on heat dissipation into the PCB through the GND pins. If the devices are used at high ambient temperatures, provide a thermal path from the GND pins to the PCB ground plane. The board layout in Figure 25 shows enlarged pads for Pin 8 and Pin 9. Large diameter vias should be implemented from the pad to the ground, and power planes should be used to reduce inductance. Multiple vias should be implemented from the pad to the ground plane to significantly reduce the temperature inside the chip. The dimensions of the expanded pads are at the discretion of the designer and depend on the available board space.
PCB LAYOUT
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 digital isolators with 0.5 W isoPower integrated dc-to-dc converter require no external interface circuitry for the logic interfaces. Power supply bypassing is required at the input and output supply pins (see Figure 25). Note that low ESR bypass capacitors are required between Pin 1 and Pin 2 and between Pin 15 and Pin 16, as close to the chip pads as possible. The power supply section of the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ ADuM5403/ADuM5404 uses a 180 MHz oscillator frequency to pass power efficiently through its chip scale transformers. In addition, the normal operation of the data section of the iCoupler introduces switching transients on the power supply pins. Bypass capacitors are required for several operating frequencies. Noise suppression requires a low inductance, high frequency capacitor; ripple suppression and proper regulation require a large value capacitor. These are most conveniently connected between Pin 1 and Pin 2 for VDD1 and between Pin 15 and Pin 16 for VISO. To suppress noise and reduce ripple, a parallel combination of at least two capacitors is required. The recommended capacitor values are 0.1 μF and 10 μF for VDD1 and VISO. The smaller capacitor must have a low ESR; for example, use of a ceramic capacitor is advised. The total lead length between the ends of the low ESR capacitor and the input power supply pin must not exceed 2 mm. Installing the bypass capacitor with traces more than 2 mm in length may result in data corruption. Consider bypassing between Pin 1 and Pin 8 and between Pin 9 and Pin 16 unless both common ground pins are connected together close to the package.
THERMAL ANALYSIS
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 parts consist of four internal die attached to a split lead frame with two die attach paddles. For the purposes of thermal analysis, the die is treated as a thermal unit, with the highest junction temperature reflected in the θJA from Table 14. The value of θJA is based on measurements taken with the parts mounted on a JEDEC standard, 4-layer board with fine width traces and still air. Under normal operating conditions, the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ ADuM5404 devices operate at full load across the full temperature range without derating the output current. However, following the recommendations in the PCB Layout section decreases thermal resistance to the PCB, allowing increased thermal margins in high ambient temperatures.
Rev. B | Page 20 of 28
Data Sheet
PROPAGATION DELAY-RELATED PARAMETERS
Propagation delay is a parameter that describes the time it takes a logic signal to propagate through a component (see Figure 26). The propagation delay to a logic low output may differ from the propagation delay to a logic high.
INPUT (VIx) 50%
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
As a result, the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 devices can draw large amounts of current at low voltage for extended periods of time. The output voltage of the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ ADuM5404 devices exhibits VISO overshoot during startup. If this overshoot could potentially damage components attached to VISO, a voltage-limiting device such as a Zener diode can be used to clamp the voltage. Typical behavior is shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20.
tPLH
OUTPUT (VOx)
tPHL
50%
06577-018
Figure 26. Propagation Delay Parameters
EMI CONSIDERATIONS
The dc-to-dc converter section of the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ ADuM5403/ADuM5404 devices must operate at 180 MHz to allow efficient power transfer through the small transformers. This creates high frequency currents that can propagate in circuit board ground and power planes, causing edge emissions and dipole radiation between the primary and secondary ground planes. Grounded enclosures are recommended for applications that use these devices. If grounded enclosures are not possible, follow good RF design practices in the layout of the PCB. See the AN-0971 Application Note for board layout recommendations
Pulse width distortion is the maximum difference between these two propagation delay values and is an indication of how accurately the input signal timing is preserved. Channel-to-channel matching refers to the maximum amount the propagation delay differs between channels within a single ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 component. Propagation delay skew refers to the maximum amount the propagation delay differs between multiple ADuM5401/ ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 components operating under the same conditions.
DC CORRECTNESS AND MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY
Positive and negative logic transitions at the isolator input cause narrow (~1 ns) pulses to be sent to the decoder via the transformer. The decoder is bistable and is, therefore, either set or reset by the pulses, indicating input logic transitions. In the absence of logic transitions at the input for more than 1 μs, a periodic set of refresh pulses indicative of the correct input state is sent to ensure dc correctness at the output. If the decoder receives no internal pulses for more than approximately 5 μs, the input side is assumed to be unpowered or nonfunctional, and the isolator output is forced to a default low state by the watchdog timer circuit. This situation should occur in the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 during power-up and power-down operations. The limitation on the magnetic field immunity of the ADuM5401/ ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 is set by the condition in which induced voltage in the receiving coil of the transformer is sufficiently large to either falsely set or reset the decoder. The following analysis defines the conditions under which this may occur. The 3.3 V operating condition of the ADuM5401/ ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 is examined because it represents the most susceptible mode of operation. The pulses at the transformer output have an amplitude greater than 1.0 V. The decoder has a sensing threshold at approximately 0.5 V, thus establishing a 0.5 V margin in which induced voltages can be tolerated. The voltage induced across the receiving coil is given by V = (−dβ/dt)∑πrn2; n = 1, 2, … , N where: β is the magnetic flux density (gauss). rn is the radius of the nth turn in the receiving coil (cm). N is the total number of turns in the receiving coil.
START-UP BEHAVIOR
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 do not contain a soft start circuit. Therefore, the start-up current and voltage behavior must be taken into account when designing with this device. When power is applied to VDD1, the input switching circuit begins to operate and draw current when the UVLO minimum voltage is reached. The switching circuit drives the maximum available power to the output until it reaches the regulation voltage where PWM control begins. The amount of current and the time required to reach regulation voltage depends on the load and the VDD1 slew rate. With a fast VDD1 slew rate (200 μs or less), the peak current draws up to 100 mA/V of VDD1. The input voltage goes high faster than the output can turn on, so the peak current is proportional to the maximum input voltage. With a slow VDD1 slew rate (in the millisecond range), the input voltage is not changing quickly when VDD1 reaches the UVLO minimum voltage. The current surge is approximately 300 mA because VDD1 is nearly constant at the 2.7 V UVLO voltage. The behavior during startup is similar to when the device load is a short circuit; these values are consistent with the short-circuit current shown in Figure 14. When starting the device for VISO = 5 V operation, do not limit the current available to the VDD1 power pin to less than 300 mA. The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 devices may not be able to drive the output to the regulation point if a current-limiting device clamps the VDD1 voltage during startup.
Rev. B | Page 21 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Given the geometry of the receiving coil in the ADuM5401/ ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404, and an imposed requirement that the induced voltage be, at most, 50% of the 0.5 V margin at the decoder, a maximum allowable magnetic field is calculated as shown in Figure 27.
100
Data Sheet
Note that, at combinations of strong magnetic field and high frequency, any loops formed by PCB traces can induce error voltages sufficiently large to trigger the thresholds of succeeding circuitry. Exercise care in the layout of such traces to avoid this possibility.
POWER CONSUMPTION
The VDD1 power supply input provides power to the iCoupler data channels, as well as to the power converter. For this reason, the quiescent currents drawn by the data converter and the primary and secondary input/output channels cannot be determined separately. All of these quiescent power demands have been combined into the IDD1 (Q) current, as shown in Figure 29. The total IDD1 supply current is the sum of the quiescent operating current; the dynamic current, IDD1 (D), demanded by the I/O channels; and any external IISO load.
IDD1(Q)
10k 1M 10M 100k MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M
06577-019
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (kGauss)
10
1
0.1
0.01
IISO CONVERTER PRIMARY CONVERTER SECONDARY
0.001 1k
IDD1(D)
Figure 27. Maximum Allowable External Magnetic Flux Density
IDDP(D)
IISO(D)
For example, at a magnetic field frequency of 1 MHz, the maximum allowable magnetic field of 0.2 kgauss induces a voltage of 0.25 V at the receiving coil. This voltage is approximately 50% of the sensing threshold and does not cause a faulty output transition. Similarly, if such an event occurs during a transmitted pulse (and is of the worst-case polarity), it reduces the received pulse from >1.0 V to 0.75 V, still well above the 0.5 V sensing threshold of the decoder. The preceding magnetic flux density values correspond to specific current magnitudes at given distances from the ADuM5401/ ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 transformers. Figure 28 expresses these allowable current magnitudes as a function of frequency for selected distances. As shown in Figure 28, the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 are extremely immune and can be affected only by extremely large currents operated at high frequency very close to the component. For the 1 MHz example, a 0.5 kA current placed 5 mm away from the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 is required to affect the operation of the device.
1k
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CURRENT (kA)
PRIMARY DATA INPUT/OUTPUT 4-CHANNEL
SECONDARY DATA INPUT/OUTPUT 4-CHANNEL
06577-024
Figure 29. Power Consumption Within the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Both dynamic input and output current is consumed only when operating at channel speeds higher than the refresh rate, fr. Each channel has a dynamic current determined by its data rate. Figure 21 shows the current for a channel in the forward direction, which means that the input is on the primary side of the part. Figure 22 shows the current for a channel in the reverse direction, which means that the input is on the secondary side of the part. Both figures assume a typical 15 pF load. The following relationship allows the total IDD1 current to be calculated: IDD1 = (IISO × VISO)/(E × VDD1) + Σ ICHn; n = 1 to 4 (1) where: IDD1 is the total supply input current. ICHn is the current drawn by a single channel determined from Figure 21 or Figure 22, depending on channel direction. IISO is the current drawn by the secondary side external load. E is the power supply efficiency at 100 mA load from Figure 11 at the VISO and VDD1 condition of interest.
DISTANCE = 1m 100
10 DISTANCE = 100mm 1 DISTANCE = 5mm 0.1
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 28. Maximum Allowable Current for Various Current-toADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 Spacings
Rev. B | Page 22 of 28
06577-020
0.01
Data Sheet
The maximum external load can be calculated by subtracting the dynamic output load from the maximum allowable load. IISO (LOAD) = IISO (MAX) − Σ IISO (D)n; n = 1 to 4 (2) where: IISO (LOAD) is the current available to supply an external secondary side load. IISO (MAX) is the maximum external secondary side load current available at VISO. IISO (D)n is the dynamic load current drawn from VISO by an input or output channel, as shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24. The preceding analysis assumes a 15 pF capacitive load on each data output. If the capacitive load is larger than 15 pF, the additional current must be included in the analysis of IDD1 and IISO (LOAD).
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
As the secondary side converter begins to accept power from the primary, the VISO voltage starts to rise. When the secondary side UVLO is reached, the secondary side outputs are initialized to their default low state until data is received from the corresponding primary side input. It can take up to 1 μs after the secondary side is initialized for the state of the output to correlate to the primary side input. Secondary side inputs sample their state and transmit it to the primary side. Outputs are valid about 1 μs after the secondary side becomes active. Because the rate of charge of the secondary side power supply is dependent on loading conditions, the input voltage, and the output voltage level selected, take care that the design allows the converter sufficient time to stabilize before valid data is required. When power is removed from VDD1, the primary side converter and coupler shut down when the UVLO level is reached. The secondary side stops receiving power and starts to discharge. The outputs on the secondary side hold the last state that they received from the primary side. Either the UVLO level is reached and the outputs are placed in their high impedance state, or the outputs detect a lack of activity from the primary side inputs and the outputs are set to their default low value before the secondary power reaches UVLO.
POWER CONSIDERATIONS
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 power input, data input channels on the primary side, and data channels on the secondary side are all protected from premature operation by under voltage lockout (UVLO) circuitry. Below the minimum operating voltage, the power converter holds its oscillator inactive and all input channel drivers and refresh circuits are idle. Outputs remain in a high impedance state to prevent transmission of undefined states during power-up and power-down operations. During application of power to VDD1, the primary side circuitry is held idle until the UVLO preset voltage is reached. At that time, the data channels initialize to their default low output state until they receive data pulses from the secondary side. When the primary side is above the UVLO threshold, the data input channels sample their inputs and begin sending encoded pulses to the inactive secondary output channels. The outputs on the primary side remain in their default low state because no data comes from the secondary side inputs until secondary side power is established. The primary side oscillator also begins to operate, transferring power to the secondary power circuits. The secondary VISO voltage is below its UVLO limit at this point; the regulation control signal from the secondary side is not being generated. The primary side power oscillator is allowed to free run under these conditions, supplying the maximum amount of power to the secondary side. As the secondary side voltage rises to its regulation setpoint, a large inrush current transient is present at VDD1. When the regulation point is reached, the regulation control circuit produces the regulation control signal that modulates the oscillator on the primary side. The VDD1 current is then reduced and is proportional to the load current. The inrush current is less than the short-circuit current shown in Figure 14. The duration of the inrush current depends on the VISO loading conditions and on the current and voltage available at the VDD1 pin.
INCREASING AVAILABLE POWER
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 are designed with the capability of running in combination with other compatible isoPower devices. The RCOUT pin allows the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 to provide its PWM signal to another device acting as a master to regulate its self and slave devices. Power outputs are combined in parallel while sharing output power equally. The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 can only be a master/standalone, and the ADuM5200 can only be a slave/ standalone device. The ADuM5000 can operate as either a master or slave. This means that the ADuM5000, ADuM520x, and ADuM540x can only be used in the master/slave combinations listed in Table 26. Table 26. Allowed Combinations of isoPower Parts
Master ADuM5000 ADuM520x ADuM540x ADuM5000 Yes No Yes Slave ADuM520x Yes No Yes ADuM540x No No No
The allowed combinations of master and slave configured parts listed in Table 26 is sufficient to make any combination of power and channel count.
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ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Table 27. Configurations for Power and Data Channels
Power Unit 1-Unit Power 2-Unit Power 3-Unit Power 0 ADuM5000 master ADuM5000 master ADuM5000 slave ADuM5000 master ADuM5000 slave ADuM5000 slave 2 ADuM520x master ADuM5000 master ADuM520x slave ADuM5000 master ADuM5000 slave ADuM520x slave Number of Data Channels 4 ADuM5401 to ADuM5404 master ADuM5401 to ADuM5404 master ADuM520x slave ADuM5401 to ADuM5404 master ADuM5000 slave ADuM5000 slave
Data Sheet
Table 27 illustrates how isoPower devices can provide many combinations of data channel count and multiples of the single unit power.
6 ADuM5401 to ADuM5404 master ADuM121x ADuM5401 to ADuM5404 master ADuM520x slave ADuM5401 to ADuM5404 master ADuM520x slave ADuM5000 slave
INSULATION LIFETIME
All insulation structures eventually break down when subjected to voltage stress over a sufficiently long period. The rate of insulation degradation is dependent on the characteristics of the voltage waveform applied across the insulation. In addition to the testing performed by the regulatory agencies, Analog Devices carries out an extensive set of evaluations to determine the life-time of the insulation structure within the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ ADuM5403/ADuM5404 devices. Analog Devices performs accelerated life testing using voltage levels higher than the rated continuous working voltage. Acceleration factors for several operating conditions are determined. These factors allow calculation of the time to failure at the actual working voltage. The values shown in Table 20 summarize the peak voltage for 50 years of service life for a bipolar ac operating condition and the maximum CSA/VDE approved working voltages. In many cases, the approved working voltage is higher than the 50-year service life voltage. Operation at these high working voltages can lead to shortened insulation life in some cases. The insulation lifetime of the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ ADuM5403/ADuM5404 devices depends on the voltage waveform type imposed across the isolation barrier. The iCoupler insulation structure degrades at different rates depending on whether the waveform is bipolar ac, unipolar ac, or dc. Figure 30, Figure 31, and Figure 32 illustrate these different isolation voltage waveforms. Bipolar ac voltage is the most stringent environment. The goal of a 50-year operating lifetime under the bipolar ac condition determines the maximum working voltage recommended by Analog Devices.
In the case of unipolar ac or dc voltage, the stress on the insulation is significantly lower. This allows operation at higher working voltages while still achieving a 50-year service life. The working voltages listed in Table 20 can be applied while maintaining the 50-year minimum lifetime, provided that the voltage conforms to either the unipolar ac or dc voltage cases. Any cross-insulation voltage waveform that does not conform to Figure 31 or Figure 32 should be treated as a bipolar ac waveform and its peak voltage limited to the 50-year lifetime voltage value listed in Table 20. The voltage presented in Figure 32 is shown as sinusoidal for illustration purposes only. It is meant to represent any voltage waveform varying between 0 V and some limiting value. The limiting value can be positive or negative, but the voltage cannot cross 0 V.
RATED PEAK VOLTAGE 0V
06577-021
Figure 30. Bipolar AC Waveform
RATED PEAK VOLTAGE
06577-023
0V
Figure 31. DC Waveform
RATED PEAK VOLTAGE
0V NOTES: 1. THE VOLTAGE IS SHOWN AS SINUSOIDAL FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY. IT IS MEANT TO REPRESENT ANY VOLTAGE WAVEFORM VARYING BETWEEN 0V AND SOME LIMITING VALUE. THE LIMITING VALUE CAN BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, BUT THE VOLTAGE CANNOT CROSS 0V.
Figure 32. Unipolar AC Waveform
Rev. B | Page 24 of 28
06577-022
Data Sheet OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
10.50 (0.4134) 10.10 (0.3976)
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
16
9
7.60 (0.2992) 7.40 (0.2913)
1 8
10.65 (0.4193) 10.00 (0.3937)
1.27 (0.0500) BSC 0.30 (0.0118) 0.10 (0.0039) COPLANARITY 0.10 0.51 (0.0201) 0.31 (0.0122)
2.65 (0.1043) 2.35 (0.0925)
0.75 (0.0295) 0.25 (0.0098)
8° 0° 0.33 (0.0130) 0.20 (0.0079)
45°
SEATING PLANE
1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157)
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-013- AA CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.
Figure 33. 16-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_W] Wide Body (RW-16) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)
ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1, 2 ADuM5401ARWZ ADuM5401CRWZ ADuM5402ARWZ ADuM5402CRWZ ADuM5403ARWZ ADuM5403CRWZ ADuM5404ARWZ ADuM5404CRWZ
1 2
Number of Inputs, VDD1 Side 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0
Number of Inputs, VISO Side 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
Maximum Data Rate (Mbps) 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25
Maximum Propagation Delay, 5 V (ns) 100 60 100 60 100 60 100 60
Maximum Pulse Width Distortion (ns) 40 6 40 6 40 6 40 6
Temperature Range (°C) −40 to +105 −40 to +105 −40 to +105 −40 to +105 −40 to +105 −40 to +105 −40 to +105 −40 to +105
032707-B
Package Description 16-Lead SOIC_W 16-Lead SOIC_W 16-Lead SOIC_W 16-Lead SOIC_W 16-Lead SOIC_W 16-Lead SOIC_W 16-Lead SOIC_W 16-Lead SOIC_W
Package Option RW-16 RW-16 RW-16 RW-16 RW-16 RW-16 RW-16 RW-16
Tape and reel are available. The addition of an RL suffix designates a 13” (1,000 units) tape and reel option. Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
Rev. B | Page 25 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 NOTES
Data Sheet
Rev. B | Page 26 of 28
Data Sheet NOTES
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Rev. B | Page 27 of 28
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 NOTES
Data Sheet
©2008–2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D06577-0-9/11(B)
Rev. B | Page 28 of 28
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