HMC981LP3E

HMC981LP3E v01.0411 Typical Applications Features • Military & Space Automatic Gate voltage adjustment (No Calibration required) Supply Voltage: 4V to 12V • Test Instrumentation Digital Voltage: 3.3V to 5V • Fiber Optic Modulator Driver Biasing • CATV Laser Driver Biasing Controls both Enhancement and Depletion type devices • Cellular Base Station Adjustable Drain Current up to 200mA • Wireless Infrastructure Equipment Sink/Source Gate Current Capability • Microwave Radio & VSAT Optional Internal negative voltage generation that can be disabled to use external negative rail 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Fast Enable/Disable Trigger-out Output for Daisy Chain Power-Up and Power-Down Sequencing 16 Lead 3x3 mm SMT Package: 9 mm² Functional Diagram General Description HMC981LP3E is an active bias controller that automatically adjusts the gate voltage of an external amplifier to achieve constant bias current. It can be used to bias any enhancement and depletion type amplifiers operating in Class-A regime with Drain voltages from 4V to 12V and drain currents up to 200mA, offering a complete biasing solution. HMC981LP3E achieves excellent bias stability over supply, temperature and process variations, and eliminates the required calibration procedures usually employed to prevent RF performance degradation due to such variations. The HMC981LP3E is housed in an RoHS compliant 3x3 mm QFN leadless package with an exposed backside pad to improve thermal characteristics. 13 - 1 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Electrical Specifications, TA = +25°C, VDD=8V, VDIG= 3.3V, Depletion Master Unless Otherwise Noted Symbol Conditions Vdd IDD VDD = 8V VDIG Quiescent Current IDIG Typ. 4 VDD = 4V VDD Quiescent Current Min. Max. 12 Units V EN = VDIG 7 mA EN = GND 3 mA EN = VDIG 7.5 mA EN = GND 4 mA VDIG= 3.3 V 3 mA VDIG= 5 V 5 mA Negative Voltage Output VNEG -2.5 V Oscillator Frequency FOSC 300 kHz Voltage Reference VREF 1.42 V Enable Input Threshold Switch Input Threshold Short Circuit Disable Input Threshold ENTHRS SWTHRS DSCTHRS Vinlow Vinhigh 1 1.4 V Vinlow Vinhigh 1 1.4 1 1.4 SW=GND 20 SW=VDIG 80 V V Vinlow Vinhigh V V V VDRAIN Characteristics DRAIN Current Adjustment Range DRAIN Current Change Over Digital Voltage DRAIN Current Change Over Temperature DRAIN Range IDRAIN ΔIDRAINV VDRAIN set to 8V, IDRAIN set to 160 mA VDRAIN VDRAIN Change Over Temperature ΔVDRAIN 80 200 mA 0.4 %/V 0.02 %/C 4 VDRAIN set to 8V, IDRAIN set to 160 mA mA 12 V 1.5 %/C -2.5 V VNEG Characteristics Negative Voltage Output VNEG VNEG Current Sink INEG VDD= 4V 0 8 mA VDD= 8V 0 15 mA 0.8 mA VGATE Characteristics GATE Current Supply IG -0.8 VGATE Low Level VG_MIN VNEG V VGATE High Level VG_MAX VNEG+4.5 V 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Parameter Supply Voltage VG2 Characteristics VG2 Current Supply IG2 VG2 Adjustment Range VG2 VG21.5V -1 1 mA 1 VDD-1.3 V 3.3 5 V VDIG Characteristics Adjustment Range VDIG Quiescent Current VDIG IDIG VDD= 8 V, 3 mA SW= GND 10 Ohm SW=VDIG 5 Ohm VDIG=EN =3.3 V SW Characteristics Internal Switch Resistance RDS_ON For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 13 - 2 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER 6.5 8.5 6 8 5.5 5 4.5 20 30 +25C +85C -40C 7.5 7 +25C +85C -40C 40 50 60 70 6.5 80 80 100 120 -2.45 54 -2.47 53 VNEG (V) IDRAIN (mA) 55 52 +25C +85C -40C 50 3.3 3.7 No load condition -2.49 -2.51 4.1 4.5 -2.55 4.9 4 6 -2.4 VNEG (V) VNEG (V) -2.4 -2.5 +25C +85C -40C 4 6 10 12 VNEG Load Regulation @ VDD=12V -2.3 -2.6 8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) -2.3 2 200 -2.53 VNEG Load Regulation @ VDD=4V 0 180 +25C +85C -40C VDIG (V) -2.7 160 VNEG Line Regulation vs. Supply Voltage IDRAIN vs. VDIG[1][2] 51 140 IDRAIN (mA) IDRAIN (mA) 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Load Regulation @ VDD=8V, SW=VDIG=3.3V VDRAIN (V) VDRAIN (V) Load Regulation @ VDD=6V, VDIG=3.3V, SW=GND 8 -2.5 +25C +85C -40C -2.6 10 INEG (mA) -2.7 0 4 8 12 16 INEG (mA) [1] IDRAIN is set to 53 mA [2] HMC465LP5 is used as external amplifier 13 - 3 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Disable Waveform 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 0 -2 -4 2 4 6 8 EN VDRAIN VG2 VNEG VGATE -6 -8 12 -8 0 0 -2 -4 EN VDRAIN VG2 VNEG VGATE -6 2 10 12 14 Power Up Waveform 20 13 8 VDD VDRAIN VDIG VG2 VNEG VGATE 4 VDD VDRAIN VDIG VG2 VNEG VGATE 6 VOLTAGE (V) 6 VOLTAGE (V) 18 Shutdown Waveform 8 2 0 4 2 0 -2 -2 -4 -4 10 20 30 TIME (ms) 40 0 50 VNEG Load Transient VDD=4V 20 40 60 TIME (ms) 80 100 VNEG Load Transient VDD=6V -0.8 20 -1.3 10 -2.3 -10 15 -2.425 10 -2.45 5 -2.475 0 -5 -2.5 -10 -2.525 -20 -2.8 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 TIME (ms) INEG (mA) 0 INEG (mA) -1.8 -2.4 VNEG (V) 0 VNEG (V) 16 TIME (ms) TIME (ms) -15 -2.55 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 TIME (ms) For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT VOLTAGE (V) VOLTAGE (V) Enable Waveform 13 - 4 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER VGATE Load Regulation @ VDD=6V VG2 Load Regulation @ VDD=6V 1 5 0.5 4.5 4 3.5 -0.5 VG2 (V) VGATE (V) 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -3 -1.25 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1 VG2=0.9V VG2=1.78V VG2=2.74V VG2=3.71V 0.5 1.25 IG (mA) 0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 IG2 (mA) BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 -1 2 1.5 +25C +85C -40C -2.5 3 2.5 13 - 5 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Absolute Maximum Ratings [1] VDD 12V VG2_CONT, VDRAIN -0.5V to VDD + 0.5V SW, EN, CP_OUT, VGATEFB, VNEGFB, TRIG_OUT, DISBL_SC, ISENSE -0.5V to VDIG + 0.5V VDIG 5.5V VNEG -4V to GND VG2 -0.5V to VDD + 0.5V Junction Temperature 125 °C Continuous Pdiss (T = 85 °C) (Derate 19.19 mW/°C above 85 °C) 0.77 Watts Thermal Resistance (RTH) (Junction to package bottom) 52.1 °C/W Storage Temperature -65 to +150 °C Operating Temperature -40 to +85 °C ESD Sensitivity (HBM) Class 1B Note that there are two different voltage domains on HMC981LP3E; a high voltage domain Vdd, and a low voltage domain VDIG. Take necessary precautions not to violate ABS MAX ratings of each subdomains. Outline Drawing NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. PACKAGE BODY MATERIAL: LOW STRESS INJECTION MOLDED PLASTIC SILICA AND SILICON IMPREGNATED. LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY. LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE PLATING: 100% MATTE TIN. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS]. LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE. CHARACTERS TO BE HELVETICA MEDIUM, .025 HIGH, WHITE INK, OR LASER MARK LOCATED APPROX. AS SHOWN. PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15mm MAX. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL BE 0.05mm MAX. PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05mm ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB RF GROUND. REFER TO HITTITE APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED PCB LAND PATTERN. BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Package Information Part Number Package Body Material Lead Finish HMC981LP3E RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic 100% matte Sn MSL Rating MSL1 [2] Package Marking [1] H981 XXXX [1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 13 - 6 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Pin Descriptions BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 Pin Number Function Description 1, 5 VDD, VDIG Bias supply Pin. Connect supply voltage to this pin with appropriate filtering. 2 VG2CONT Control voltage of the VG2. Use a resistor divider between VDD and GND to set the voltage. VG2 is typically 1.3V lower than the VG2CONT 10 VG2 Second gate control. 3 SW Internal switch resistance control pin. If left floating, VSW defaults to HIGH. 4 EN Enable pin. System is enabled when Ven is HIGH (VDIG). If left floating, Ven defaults to HIGH (enabled). 14 DISBLSC Disables short circuit lock down when pulled to ground. Leave it floating to enable short circuit lock down. 6 CPOUT Negative voltage generator charge pump output. Negative voltage generator needs a flying capacitor, a reservoir capacitor and two diodes to operate. Please refer to the application schematic for more info. VGATEFB Control pin for VGATEFB. Float VGATEFB when a depletion mode transistor is biased. Selects the mode of operation along with VNEGFB pin. For detailed usage please refer to the Table 2. VNEGFB Feedback (Control) pin for Negative Voltage Generator Charge Pump. Float to activate the negative voltage generator / Sort to GND to disable the negative voltage generator. VNEG Negative input to the chip. Should be supplied with CPOUT when negative voltage generator is enabled, or connect to external VSS when negative voltage generator is enabled. For detailed usage please refer to the “Negative Voltage Generator” section. 7 8 9 13 - 7 Interface Schematic For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Pin Descriptions (Continued) Function Description 11 VGATE Gate Control pin for external amplifier. Connect to the gate (base) of the external amplifier. In order to guarantee stability,a 10μF capacitor should be connected between the gate (base) terminal of the external amplifier and GND as close to the amplifier as possible. 12 VDRAIN Drain voltage. Should be connected to the supply terminal of the external amplifier. A minimum 100 nF capacitor has to be placed close to the external amplifier to improve load regulation. 13 TRIGOUT Trigger out signal. Generates a HIGH (3.5V) signal when the active bias system stabilizes. This signal can be used to trigger next device (ENABLE) if more than one HMC981LP3E is used in a daisy chain. 15 ISENSE To adjust the bias current of the external amplifier connect a resistor (Rsense) from ISENSE pin to GND. Use Eqn.2 to determine the required Rsense value. 16 VREF 1.5V reference voltage. 0.1uF or greater capacitor to GND is needed for noise filtering. Interface Schematic For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Pin Number 13 - 8 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Evaluation Board Circuit BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 Notes: [1] A variable resistor is assembled on R10 slot to adjust bias current for evaluating various different amplifiers without soldering. 13 - 9 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Evaluation PCB List of Materials for Evaluation PCB EVAL01-HMC981LP3E [1] Item Description TP1-10 Test Point C1 4.7 µF Capacitor, 1210 Pkg. C2, C4, C8 10 nF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. C5 1 µF Capacitor, 0603 Pkg. C6 10 µF Capacitor, 0603 Pkg. C7 0.1 µF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. D1 Dual Series Shottky Diode, BAT54SLT1 R1 10k Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. R2 4.02k Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. R10 Trim Potentiometer U1 HMC981LP3E Active Bias Controller PCB [2] 600-00099-00-1 Evaluation PCB Careful PCB layout is critical to achieve stable and low noise operation. The negative voltage generator charge pump stage requires particular attention. BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 [1] Reference this number when ordering complete evaluation PCB [2] Circuit Board Material: FR4 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 13 - 10 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Application Notes Detailed Description The HMC981LP3E is a fully-integrated Active Bias Controller (ABC) that automatically adjusts the gate voltage of amplifiers operating in the Class-A regime. With an internal feedback the automatic gate voltage control achieves constant quiescent bias through the amplifier under bias, independent of temperature and amplifier threshold variations. The quiescent current is adjusted with a resistor connected externally. The HMC981LP3E employs an integrated control circuitry to achieve safe power-up and power-down sequencing of the targeted amplifier. The HMC981LP3E can provide auto-bias solution virtually any amplifier in the market (both enhancement and depletion type) with a quiescent current of up to 200 mA and a supply voltage of up to 12V. BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 The HMC981LP3E has an integrated negative voltage generator to synthesize negative voltages required to drive depletion mode amplifiers. If an external negative supply is already available or an enhancement mode device is targeted, the negative voltage generator can be disabled. The HMC981LP3E achieves excellent bias stability over supply and temperature variations with low supply voltage down to 4V. The gate control can both sink and source current (±0.8 mA) to achieve constant bias current over input power variations applied to the amplifier. The HMC981LP3E also generates a second gate voltage (VG2). VG2 can be adjusted through a resistor divider connected to VDD for amplifiers which require second gate voltage. The HMC981LP3E ensures the protection of the external amplifier during turn on/off by adjusting the sequence of VDRAIN, VGATE and VG2 outputs. HMC981LP3E controls the bias current of the amplifier under bias with the gate control driver. The current passing through the amplifier is continuously sampled and is used to control the VGATE voltage connected to the gate of the amplifier. The HMC981LP3E employs a SW pin to control RDS_ON resistance of the internal switch between VDD and VDRAIN. Refer to the section under the “Supply and Drain Voltage” section for details. The HMC981LP3E has a built-in short circuit protection feature to protect both itself and the amplifier under bias against short circuit conditions at the VDRAIN output. Refer to the section under the “Short Circuit Protection” section for details. Digital Power Supply (VDIG) The HMC981LP3E requires an external low voltage bias rail (3.3V to 5.0V). VDIG powers the internal logic circuitry. VDIG draws an average of 3 mA from a 3.3V. VDIG can accept voltages up to 5.0V. Supply and Drain Voltage (VDD and VDRAIN) The VDD supply to the HMC981LP3E is directly connected to the VDRAIN output through an internal MOSFET switch. This internal MOSFET is controlled through power-up sequencing which ensures that no voltage is applied to drain of the external amplifier until the gate voltage is pulled down to VNEG(ensuring external amplifier is pinched-off). The VDRAIN output of the HMC981LP3E should be connected to the drain (collector) of the amplifier under bias for the active bias control feedback and power-up/down sequencing to work. 13 - 11 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER There will be a voltage drop from VDD to VDRAIN due to finite RDS_ON resistance of the internal switch. To compensate for this voltage drop choose the VDD value as shown in equation (1). VDD = VDRAIN + IDRAIN x RDS_ON (1) where VDRAIN is the supply voltage of the external amplifier and IDRAIN is the desired constant bias current through the external amplifier. Note that RDS_ON resistance of the internal FET switch can be adjusted through SW pin. RDS_ON is typically equal to 5 Ohms when SW is pulled up to VDIG, and is typically equal to 10 Ohms when SW is pulled down to GND. If SW is left floating, it is pulled up to VDIG through an internal weak pull-up. Recommended settings for the SW position are given in Table-1. Not using the HMC981LP3E in the recommended settings will increase the power dissipation of the part and may increase the part-to-part variation. Current Range (mA) Condition RDS_ON (Ohm) 20 to 80 SW=GND 10 80 to 200 SW=VDIG 5 Negative Voltage Generator (VNEGOUT) The HMC981LP3E has an internally regulated charge pump block to generate negative voltage (VNEGOUT) required for depletion mode devices. The HMC981LP3E generates -2.5V at the VNEGOUT output in default configuration. It requires two diodes and two capacitors connected externally as shown in the sample application schematics. The HMC981LP3E is designed to reject the ripple on the VNEGOUT by isolating VNEGOUT from the VGATE. The negative voltage is only required for depletion mode devices, and it can be disabled through the VGATEFB and VNEGFB pins. Where an enhancement device is targeted or a negative supply is already available in the system, simply connect the available negative supply to the VNEG pin. See Table-2 for detail on how to set this operation mode. Enable/Disable (EN) The active bias control loop is enabled when EN is pulled up to VDIG, and it is disabled when it is pulled down to GND. If EN is left floating HMC981LP3E is enabled through an internal weak pull-up. Note that VNEG operation is independent of EN condition. EN signal controls the operation of only VGATE, VG2 and VDRAIN outputs. When EN pulled down to GND, the HMC981LP3E discharges VDRAIN and VG2 down to GND and it pulls the VGATE down to VNEG. Please see the “Active Bias Control Loop” section for detailed explanation. 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Table 1. Recommended Current Range Configuration Active Bias Control Loop The HMC981LP3E regulates the bias current (IDRAIN) of the amplifier under bias through VGATE output connected to the gate of the external amplifier. In this closed loop operation the current passing through the amplifier under bias is sampled and is used to adjust VGATE to achieve constant quiescent bias through the external amplifier. The HMC981LP3E continuously compensates for any supply, temperature, process variations and threshold drifts due to aging. The part-to-part, temperature, and supply variation of the HMC981LP3E is excellent. Thus, by using an accurate sense resistor connected to the ISENSE pin, expensive calibration procedures in high volume production could be avoided. For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 13 - 12 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER The gate control of the HMC981LP3E is designed to both sink and source current in to the gate of the targeted amplifier (at least ±0.8 mA). This unique feature is important to achieve nearly constant quiescent bias through the amplifier under varying gate current at different input power values. The bias current passing through the external amplifier can be adjusted with RSENSE, where RSENSE is the R10 connected from ISENSE to GND. Use the relation given in equation (2) to set the desired bias current through the external amplifier. IDRAIN=32/Rsense (A) (2) Self Protection Feature 13 Due to the small resistance of the internal switch FET a large amount of current may flow through the HMC981LP3E. HMC981LP3E limits the maximum current to protect itself under such fault conditions, by turnung of VDRAIN and VGATE. BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT The HMC981LP3E will remain in this protection mode until a full power-cycle or enable/disable cycle is applied. VNEG Fault Detection Feature In depletion mode operation VNEG is continuously monitored against short circuit fault to GND. If VNEG rises above a preset value (typically -1V) the system and the external amplifier are disabled by pulling VDRAIN and VG2 to GND and VGATE to VNEG. The system will stay in this stand-by mode until short fault at VNEG is fixed. Power-up and Enable Sequencing To ensure the protection of the external amplifier, the HMC981LP3E provides a power-up sequence for enabling active bias control loop. During start-up VDRAIN and VG2 are kept at GND while VGATE is taken to the most negative supply available (VGATE=VNEG). This ensures that external amplifier is completely pinched-off before VDRAIN is applied. When EN signal is received, VDRAIN is applied and the active bias loop is enabled. After the VDRAIN is applied, VG2 is generated. The final phase of the power-up sequence is completed by increasing the VGATE linearly until the set IDRAIN value is achieved. For power-down and disabling the same sequencing is applied in the reverse order. Daisy-Chain Operation HMC981LP3E produces a trigger out signal (TRIGOUT pin#13) when VDRAIN output is enabled. This trigger signal can be used to enable additional HMC981LP3E chips in a chain of amplifiers. The triggering sequence can be routed in any way, from input to output, or from output to input depending on the use. Figure-1 presents a sample use of three HMC981LP3Es in an amplification chain. Please note that, only one of the HMC981LP3E is used to generate the negative voltage and the remaining HMC981LP3E is set to receive external negative voltage (which is provided from the master HMC981LP3E). Generating negative voltage from a single HMC981LP3E reduces the number of the components in the system, and decreases the over all current consumption.. Please note that, to ensure proper start-up, the system enable signal should be applied to the chip that has the negative voltage generator. 13 - 13 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Figure 1. Daisy Chain Operation Operation Modes HMC981LP3E can be configured to bias both enhancement and depletion mode external amplifiers. The mode of operation can be selected by setting two pins (VNEGFB, VGATEFB) as tabulated in Table-2. The connection to the VNEGIN should be adjusted accordingly. In order not to bias external amplifier in a wrong region, please make sure that the correct mode of operation is selected before powering up the HMC981LP3E. The HMC981LP3E does not allow the internal negative voltage generator to work if an enhancement mode is selected. Therefore, if VNEGFB is left floating while VGATEFB is grounded, HMC981LP3E will stay in standby mode. Please note that the external negative voltage should be between -2.5V to -3.5V for HMC981LP3E to operate. If your application requires negative voltages outside this range please contact Hittite application support. BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 Table 2. Mode Selection MODE1 (Depletion/Master Mode) MODE2 (Depletion/Slave Mode) --MODE3 (Enhancement Mode) VNEGFB VGATEFB VNEGIN Description FLOAT FLOAT Connected to VNEGOUT Depletion mode transistor. Internal negative voltage generator is active and generates -2.5V. Sample application schematic given shown in Fig.2a. GND FLOAT Connected to External VSS Depletion mode transistor. Internal negative voltage generator is disabled. An external negative voltage less than -2.3V should be connected to VNEGIN. Sample application schematic given shown in Fig.2b. FLOAT GND N/A Not allowed. HMC981LP3E stays in standby. GND GND Connected to GND Enhancement mode transistor. Internal negative voltage generator is disabled. Sample application schematic given shown in Fig.2c. For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 13 - 14 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 Figure 2a. Depletion/Master Mode Amplifier Typical Application Circuit (Mode 1) Figure 2b. Depletion/Slave Mode Amplifier Typical Application Circuit (Mode 2) 13 - 15 For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Figure 2c. Enhancement Mode Amplifier Typical Application Circuit (Mode 3) Table 3 - List of Bias Settings for Various Hittite Amplifiers Hittite Part Number VDRAIN (V) VDD (V) IDRAIN (mA) RSENSE (kOhm) R2 (kOhm) R1 (kOhm) VG2 (V) LNAs HMC-ALH140 4 4.60 60 0.53 open open - HMC-ALH216 4 4.45 90 0.36 open open - HMC-ALH244 4 4.45 45 0.71 open open HMC-ALH310 [1] 2.5 3.02 [1] 52 0.62 open open - HMC-ALH311[1] 2.5 3.04 [1] 54 0.59 open open - HMC-ALH313 [1] 2.5 3.02 [1] 52 0.62 open open - HMC-ALH382 [1] 2.5 3.14 [1] 64 0.50 open open - 5 5.30 30 1.07 5.60 5 1.5 HMC-ALH435 HMC-ALH444 5 5.55 55 0.58 5.09 5 1.5 HMC-ALH476 4 4.45 90 0.36 open open - HMC490 5 6.00 200 0.16 open open - HMC490LP5 5 6.00 200 0.16 open open - HMC504LC4B 4 4.45 90 0.36 open open - HMC594 6 6.50 100 0.32 open open - HMC594LC3B 6 6.50 100 0.32 open open - HMC609 6 6.85 170 0.19 open open - HMC609LC4 6 6.85 170 0.19 open open - HMC752LC4[1] 3 3.70 [1] 70 0.46 open open - HMC753LP4E 5 5.55 55 0.58 5.09 5 1.5 HMC772LC4 4 4.45 45 0.71 open open - BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 Linear & Power HMC-ABH209 5 5.80 80 0.40 open open - HMC-ABH264 5 5.60 120 0.27 open open - HMC-AUH317 4 4.80 160 0.20 open open - [1] For applications below 4V supply please contact factory. For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 13 - 16 HMC981LP3E v01.0411 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER Table 3 - List of Bias Settings for Various Hittite Amplifiers (Continued) Hittite Part Number VDRAIN (V) VDD (V) IDRAIN (mA) RSENSE (kOhm) R2 (kOhm) R1 (kOhm) HMC-AUH318 4 4.80 160 0.20 open open VG2 (V) - HMC-AUH320 4 4.65 130 0.25 open open - HMC442 5 5.43 85 0.38 open open - HMC442LC3B 5 5.42 84 0.38 open open - HMC442LM1 5 5.43 85 0.38 open open - HMC499 5 6.00 200 0.16 open open - HMC499LC4 5 6.00 200 0.16 open open - Wideband (Distributed) BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 13 - 17 HMC-ALH482 4 4.45 45 0.71 open open - HMC-AUH232 5 5.90 180 0.18 4.52 5 1.5 HMC-AUH249 5 6.00 200 0.16 4.38 5 1.5 HMC-AUH312 8 8.60 60 0.53 2.82 5 1.8 HMC460 8 8.60 60 0.53 open open - HMC460LC5 8 8.75 75 0.43 open open - HMC463 5 5.60 60 0.53 open open - HMC463LH250 5 5.60 60 0.53 open open - HMC463LP5 5 5.60 60 0.53 open open - HMC465 8 8.80 160 0.20 2.33 5 1.5 HMC465LP5 8 8.80 160 0.20 2.33 5 1.5 HMC562 8 8.80 80 0.40 open open - HMC633 5 5.90 180 0.18 open open - HMC633LC4 5 5.90 180 0.18 open open - HMC634 5 5.90 180 0.18 open open - HMC634LC4 5 5.90 180 0.18 open open - HMC-930 10 10.88 175 0.18 3.95 5 3.5 HMC870LC5 7 7.83 165 0.19 open open - HMC871LC5 8 8.38 75 0.43 open open - Microwave & Optical Drivers For price, delivery, and to placeCorporation: orders: Analog Devices, Inc., For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone:Phone: 978-250-3343 978-250-3373 781-329-4700 Fax: • Order online at www.analog.com Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D Order On-line at www.hittite.com Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.