LTM4614
Dual 4A per Channel
Low VIN DC/DC
µModule Regulator
Features
Description
Dual 4A Output Power Supply
n Input Voltage Range: 2.375V to 5.5V
n 4A DC Typical, 5A Peak Output Current Each
n 0.8V Up to 5V Output Each, Parallelable
n ±2% Max Total DC Output Error (0°C ≤ T ≤ 125°C)
J
n Output Voltage Tracking
n Up to 95% Efficiency
n Programmable Soft-Start
n Short-Circuit and Overtemperature Protection
n Power Good Indicators
n Small and Very Low Profile Package:
15mm × 15mm × 2.82mm
The LTM®4614 is a complete 4A dual output switching mode
step-down µModule® regulator. Included in the package
are the switching controllers, power FETs, inductors and
all support components. The dual 4A DC/DC converters
operate over an input voltage range of 2.375V to 5.5V.
The LTM4614 supports output voltages ranging from
0.8V to 5V. The regulator output voltages are set by a
single resistor for each output. Only bulk input and output
capacitors are needed to complete the design.
Applications
Additional features include overvoltage protection, foldback
overcurrent protection, thermal shutdown and programmable
soft-start. The power module is offered in a space saving and
thermally enhanced 15mm × 15mm × 2.82mm LGA package. The LTM4614 is RoHS compliant with Pb-free finish.
n
Telecom and Networking Equipment
FPGA Power
n SERDES and Other Low Noise Applications
n
n
L, LT, LTC, LTM, µModule, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks
and LTpowerCAD is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners. Protected by U.S. Patents including 5481178, 6580258,
6304066, 6127815, 6498466, 6611131, 6724174.
The low profile package (2.82mm) enables utilization of
unused space on the bottom of PC boards for high density
point of load regulation.
Different Combinations of Input and Output Voltages
NUMBER OF INPUTS
NUMBER OF OUTPUTS
IOUT(MAX)
2
2
4A, 4A
2 (Current Share,
Ex. 3.3V and 5V)
1
8A
1
2
4A, 4A
1
1
8A, see LTM4608A
Typical Application
Efficiency vs Output Current
Dual Output 4A DC/DC µModule Regulator
91
VIN = 3.3V
89
VIN1
FB1
10µF
10k
LTM4614
VIN2
3.3V TO 5V
VOUT1
1.2V/4A
VOUT1
VIN2
VOUT2
1.5V/4A
VOUT2
FB2
10µF
5.76k
GND1
100µF
100µF
87
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN1
3.3V TO 5V
VOUT
1.5V
85
VOUT
1.2V
83
81
79
77
GND2
75
4614 F01a
0
1
2
LOAD CURRENT (A)
3
4
4614 TA01b
4614fb
1
LTM4614
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Pin Configuration
(See Pin Functions, Pin Configuration Table)
(Note 1)
VIN1, VIN2, PGOOD1, PGOOD2....................... –0.3V to 6V
COMP1, COMP2, RUN/SS1, RUN/SS2
FB1, FB2,TRACK1, TRACK2.......................... –0.3V to VIN
SW1, SW2, VOUT1, VOUT2............... –0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V)
Internal Operating Temperature Range
(Notes 2, 3)............................................. –40°C to 125°C
Storage Temperature Range................... –55°C to 125°C
Body Temperature, Solder Reflow.......................... 245°C
RUN/SS1
TOP VIEW
PGOOD1
TRACK1 COMP1
FB1
M
L
VIN1
SW1
VOUT1
K
J
H
GND1
G
F
E
VIN2
VOUT2
D
C
SW2
B
GND2
A
1
2
RUN/SS2
3
4
5
6
7
PGOOD2
TRACK2 COMP2
8
9
10
11
12
FB2
LGA PACKAGE
144-LEAD (15mm × 15mm × 2.82mm)
TJMAX = 125°C, θJCbottom = 2-3°C/W, θJA = 15°C/W, θJCtop = 25°C/W, θ Values Determined
Using a 4-Layer 95mm × 76mm PCB, Weight = 1.7g
Order Information
LEAD FREE FINISH
TRAY
PART MARKING*
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
TEMPERATURE RANGE (Note 2)
LTM4614EV#PBF
LTM4614EV#PBF
LTM4614V
144-Lead (15mm × 15mm × 2.82mm) LGA
–40°C to 125°C
LTM4614IV#PBF
LTM4614IV#PBF
LTM4614V
144-Lead (15mm × 15mm × 2.82mm) LGA
–40°C to 125°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
This product is only offered in trays. For more information go to: http://www.linear.com/packaging/
Electrical Characteristics
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full internal
operating temperature range (Note 2), otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = 5V unless otherwise noted. Refer to Figure 1.
Specified as each channel (Note 5).
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
VIN(DC)
Input DC Voltage
VOUT(DC)
Output Voltage
CONDITIONS
MIN
l
2.375
l
1.460
1.45
1.6
CIN = 22µF, COUT = 100µF, RFB = 5.76k
VIN = 2.375V to 5.5V, IOUT = 0A to 4A (Note 4)
0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C
TYP
MAX
UNITS
5.5
V
1.49
1.49
1.508
1.512
V
V
2
2.3
V
12
mA
mA
µA
VIN(UVLO)
Undervoltage Lockout Threshold
IOUT = 0A
IINRUSH(VIN)
Input Inrush Current at Start-Up
IOUT = 0A, CIN = 22µF, COUT = 100µF, VOUT = 1.5V
VIN = 5.5V
0.35
IQ(VIN)
Input Supply Bias Current
VIN = 2.375V, VOUT = 1.5V, Switching Continuous
VIN = 5.5V, VOUT = 1.5V, Switching Continuous
Shutdown, RUN = 0, VIN = 5V
20
35
7
A
4614fb
2
LTM4614
Electrical
Characteristics
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full internal
operating temperature range (Note 2), otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = 5V unless otherwise noted. Refer to Figure 1.
Specified as each channel (Note 5).
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
IS(VIN)
Input Supply Current
VIN = 2.375V, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 4A
VIN = 5.5V, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 4A
IOUT(DC)
Output Continuous Current Range
VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.5V (Note 4)
∆VOUT(LINE)
Line Regulation Accuracy
VOUT = 1.5V, VIN from 2.375V to 5.5V, IOUT = 0A
Load Regulation Accuracy
VOUT = 1.5V, 0A to 4A (Note 4), VIN = 2.375V to 5.5V
0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C
TYP
MAX
3.15
1.35
0
UNITS
A
A
4
A
l
0.1
0.3
%
l
0.7
1.2
1.25
1.5
%
%
VOUT
∆VOUT(LOAD)
VOUT
VOUT(AC)
Output Ripple Voltage
IOUT = 0A, COUT = 100µF (X5R)
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.5V
12
fs
Output Ripple Voltage Frequency
IOUT = 4A, VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.5V
1.25
MHz
COUT = 100µF, VOUT = 1.5V, RUN/SS = 10nF,
IOUT = 0A
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 5V
20
20
mV
mV
COUT = 100µF, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 1A Resistive Load,
TRACK = VIN and RUN/SS = Float
VIN = 5V
0.5
ms
∆VOUT(START) Turn-On Overshoot
tSTART
Turn-On Time
mVP-P
∆VOUT(LS)
Peak Deviation for Dynamic Load
Load: 0% to 50% to 0% of Full Load,
COUT = 100µF, VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.5V
25
mV
tSETTLE
Settling Time for Dynamic Load
Step
Load: 0% to 50% to 0% of Full Load,
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.5V
10
µs
IOUT(PK)
Output Current Limit
COUT = 100µF
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.5V
8
A
VFB
Voltage at FB Pin
IOUT = 0A, VOUT = 1.5V
l
0.792
0.788
0.8
0.8
0.808
0.810
0.2
IFB
VRUN
RUN Pin On/Off Threshold
ITRACK
TRACK Pin Current
VTRACK(OFFSET) Offset Voltage
0.6
TRACK = 0.4V
VTRACK(RANGE) Tracking Input Range
RFBHI
Resistor Between VOUT and FB Pins
∆VPGOOD
PGOOD Range
RPGOOD
PGOOD Resistance
0.75
µA
0.9
µA
30
mV
0.8
4.99
5.025
±7.5
Open-Drain Pull-Down
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: The LTM4614 is tested under pulsed load conditions such that
TJ ≈ TA. The LTM4614E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications
over the 0°C to 125°C internal operating temperature range. Specifications
over the –40°C to 125°C internal operating temperature range are assured
by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process
controls. The LTM4614I is guaranteed to meet specifications over the full
internal operating temperature range. Note that the maximum ambient
V
0.2
0
4.96
V
V
90
V
kΩ
%
150
Ω
temperature consistent with these specifications is determined by specific
operating conditions in conjunction with board layout, the rated package
thermal resistance and other environmental factors.
Note 3: The IC has overtemperature protection that is intended to protect
the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction temperatures
will exceed 125°C when overtemperature is activated. Continuous
overtemperature activation can impair long-term reliability.
Note 4: See output current derating curves for different VIN, VOUT and TA.
Note 5: Two channels are tested separately and the specified test
conditions are applied to each channel.
4614fb
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LTM4614
Typical Performance Characteristics
Efficiency vs Output Current
VIN = 2.5V
Efficiency vs Output Current
VIN = 3.3V
Efficiency vs Output Current
VIN = 5V
95
95
90
90
90
85
80
75
65
0
1
85
80
VOUT = 2.5V
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.5V
VOUT = 1.2V
VOUT = 0.8V
75
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.5V
VOUT = 1.2V
VOUT = 0.8V
70
70
2
3
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
4
EFFICIENCY (%)
95
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
65
0
1
2
3
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
VOUT (V)
2.5
4
65
VOUT
20mV/DIV
1.0
20µs/DIV
VIN = 5V
VOUT = 1.2V
COUT = 100µF, 6.3V CERAMICS
0.5
0
4
ILOAD
2A/DIV
VOUT
20mV/DIV
1.5
1
2
3
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
Load Transient Response
ILOAD
2A/DIV
2.0
0
4614 G03
Load Transient Response
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT = 2.5V
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.5V
VOUT = 1.2V
VOUT = 0.8V
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT = 2.5V
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.5V
VOUT = 1.2V
VOUT = 0.8V
75
4614 G02
Minimum Input Voltage
at 4A Load
3.0
80
70
4614 G01
3.5
85
20µs/DIV
VIN = 5V
VOUT = 1.5V
COUT = 100µF, 6.3V CERAMICS
4614 G05
4614 G06
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VIN (V)
4614 G04
Load Transient Response
Load Transient Response
Load Transient Response
ILOAD
2A/DIV
ILOAD
2A/DIV
VOUT
20mV/DIV
ILOAD
2A/DIV
VOUT
20mV/DIV
VOUT
20mV/DIV
20µs/DIV
VIN = 5V
VOUT = 1.8V
COUT = 100µF, 6.3V CERAMICS
4614 G07
20µs/DIV
VIN = 5V
VOUT = 2.5V
COUT = 100µF, 6.3V CERAMICS
4614 G08
20µs/DIV
VIN = 5V
VOUT = 3.3V
COUT = 100µF, 6.3V CERAMICS
4614 G09
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LTM4614
Typical Performance Characteristics
Start-Up
Start-Up
806
VOUT
1V/DIV
VFB vs Temperature
804
VOUT
1V/DIV
VFB (mV)
802
IIN
1A/DIV
IIN
1A/DIV
800
798
VIN = 5V
200µs/DIV
VOUT = 2.5V
COUT = 100µF
NO LOAD
(0.01µF SOFT-START CAPACITOR)
4614 G10
VIN = 5V
200µs/DIV
VOUT = 2.5V
COUT = 100µF
4A LOAD
(0.01µF SOFT-START CAPACITOR)
4614 G11
796
794
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
125
4614 G12
Short-Circuit Protection
1.5V Short, No Load
Current Limit Foldback
Short-Circuit Protection
1.5V Short, 4A Load
1.6
1.4
1.2
VOUT
0.5V/DIV
VOUT
0.5V/DIV
IIN
1A/DIV
IIN
1A/DIV
VOUT (V)
1.0
0.8
0.6
VOUT = 1.5V
VIN = 5V
0.2
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2.5V
0
4
5
3
0.4
7
6
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
20µs/DIV
4614 G14
100µs/DIV
4614 G15
8
4614 G13
Pin Functions
VIN1, VIN2 (J1-J6, K1-K6); (C1-C6, D1-D6): Power Input
Pins. Apply input voltage between these pins and GND
pins. Recommend placing input decoupling capacitance
directly between VIN pins and GND pins.
GND1, GND2, (G1-G12, H1, H7-H12, J7-J8, K7-K8, L1,
L7-L8, M1-M8); (A1-A12, B1, B7-B12, C7-C8, D7-D8,
E1, E7-E8, F1-F8): Power Ground Pins for Both Input
and Output Returns.
VOUT1, VOUT2 (J9-J12, K9-K12, L9-L12, M9-M12); (C9-C12,
D9-D12, E9-E12, F9-F12): Power Output Pins. Apply output load between these pins and GND pins. Recommend
placing output decoupling capacitance directly between
these pins and GND pins. Review Table 4.
TRACK1, TRACK2 (L3, E3): Output Voltage Tracking Pins.
When the module is configured as a master output, then a
soft-start capacitor is placed on the RUN/SS pin to ground
to control the master ramp rate, or an external ramp can
be applied to the master regulator’s track pin to control it.
4614fb
5
LTM4614
Pin Functions
Slave operation is performed by putting a resistor divider
from the master output to the ground, and connecting the
center point of the divider to this pin on the slave regulator.
If tracking is not desired, then connect the TRACK pin to
VIN. Load current must be present for tracking. See the
Applications Information section.
FB1, FB2 (L6, E6): The Negative Input of the Switching
Regulators’ Error Amplifier. Internally, these pins are connected to VOUT with a 4.99k precision resistor. Different
output voltages can be programmed with an externally
connected resistor between the FB and GND pins. Two
power modules can current share when this pin is connected in parallel with the adjacent module’s FB pin. See
the Applications Information section.
COMP1, COMP2 (L5, E5): Current Control Threshold
and Error Amplifier Compensation Point. The current
comparator threshold increases with this control voltage.
Two power modules can current share when this pin is
connected in parallel with the adjacent module’s COMP
pin. Each channel has been internally compensated. See
the Applications Information section.
PGOOD1, PGOOD2 (L4, E4): Output Voltage Power
Good Indicator. Open-drain logic output that is pulled to
ground when the output voltage is not within ±7.5% of
the regulation point.
RUN/SS1, RUN/SS2 (L2, E2): Run Control and Soft-Start
Pins. A voltage above 0.9V will turn on the module, and
below 0.6V will turn off the module. This pin has a 1M
resistor to VIN and a 1000pF capacitor to GND. The voltage on the RUN/SS pin clamps the control loop’s current
comparator threshold. A RUN/SS pin voltage of 2.375V
upon completion of soft-start guarantees the regulator can
deliver full output current. To turn off the module while
VIN remains active, the RUN/SS pin should be pulled low
with a falling edge ≤ 1µs to ensure the device does not
transition slowly through the internal undervoltage lockout
threshold. See Applications Information section for softstart information.
SW1, SW2 (H2-H6, B2-B6): The switching node of the
circuit is used for testing purposes. This can be connected
to copper on the board for improved thermal performance.
Simplified Block Diagram
VIN
PGOOD
RUN/SS
CSSEXT
TRACK
SUPPLY
4.99k
TRACK
5.76k
4.7µF
6.3V
RSS
1M
CSS
1000pF
CONTROL, DRIVE
POWER FETS
COMP
M1
0.47µH
M2
C2
470pF
VOUT
1.5V
4A
VOUT
4.7µF
6.3V
R1
4.99k
INTERNAL
COMP
VIN
22µF 2.375V TO 5.5V
6.3V
100µF
X5R
GND
FB
RFB
5.76k
SW
4614 F01
Figure 1. Simplified LTM4614 Block Diagram of Each Switching Regulator Channel
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LTM4614
Decoupling Requirements
TA = 25°C. Use Figure 1 configuration for each channel.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
CIN
External Input Capacitor Requirement
(VIN = 2.375V to 5.5V, VOUT = 1.5V)
IOUT = 4A
22
µF
COUT
External Output Capacitor Requirement
(VIN = 2.375V to 5.5V, VOUT = 1.5V)
IOUT = 4A
100
µF
Operation
LTM4614 Power Module Description
The LTM4614 is a standalone dual nonisolated switching
mode DC/DC power supply. It can deliver up to 4A of DC
output current for each channel with few external input
and output capacitors. This module provides two precisely
regulated output voltages programmable via one external
resistor for each channel from 0.8V DC to 5V DC over
a 2.375V to 5.5V input voltage. The typical application
schematic is shown in Figure 12.
The LTM4614 has two integrated constant frequency current mode regulators, with built-in power MOSFETs with
fast switching speed. The typical switching frequency is
1.25MHz. With current mode control and internal feedback
loop compensation, these switching regulators have sufficient stability margins and good transient performance
under a wide range of operating conditions and with a
wide range of output capacitors, even all ceramic output
capacitors.
Current mode control provides cycle-by-cycle fast current
limit. Besides, current limiting is provided in an overcurrent condition with thermal shutdown. In addition, internal overvoltage and undervoltage comparators pull the
open-drain PGOOD outputs low if the particular output
feedback voltage exits a ±7.5% window around the regulation point. Furthermore, in an overvoltage condition,
internal top FET, M1, is turned off and bottom FET, M2,
is turned on and held on until the overvoltage condition
clears, or current limit is exceeded.
Pulling each specific RUN pin below 0.8V forces the specific regulator controller into its shutdown state, turning
off both M1 and M2 for each power stage. At low load
current, each regulator works in continuous current mode
by default to achieve minimum output voltage ripple.
The TRACK and RUN/SS pins are used for power supply
tracking and soft-start programming for each specific
regulator. See the Applications Information section.
The LTM4614 is internally compensated to be stable over
the operating conditions. Table 4 provides a guideline for
input and output capacitance for several operating conditions. The LTpowerCAD™ GUI is available for transient
and stability analysis.
The FB pins are used to program the specific output voltage with a single externally connected resistor to ground.
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LTM4614
Applications Information
Dual Switching Regulator
A typical LTM4614 application circuit is shown in Figure 12.
External component selection is primarily determined by
the maximum load current and output voltage. Refer to
Table 4 for specific external capacitor requirements for a
particular application.
VIN to VOUT Step-Down Ratios
There are restrictions in the maximum VIN and VOUT stepdown ratio than can be achieved for a given input voltage
on the two switching regulators. The LTM4614 is 100%
duty cycle capable, but the VIN to VOUT minimum dropout
will be a function the load current. A typical 0.5V minimum
is sufficient. See Typical Performance Characteristics.
Output Voltage Programming
Each regulator channel has an internal 0.8V reference
voltage. As shown in the Block Diagram, a 4.99k internal
feedback resistor connects the VOUT and FB pins together.
The output voltage will default to 0.8V with no externally
applied feedback resistor. Adding a resistor RFB from the
FB pin to GND programs the output voltage:
VOUT = 0.8V •
4.99k + RFB
RFB
For a buck converter, the switching duty cycle can be
estimated as:
D=
VOUT
VIN
Without considering the inductor current ripple, the RMS
current of the input capacitor can be estimated as:
ICIN(RMS) =
IOUT(MAX)
η%
• D • (1– D)
In the above equation, η% is the estimated efficiency of
the power module. The bulk capacitor can be a switcherrated aluminum electrolytic OS-CON or polymer capacitor.
If a low inductance plane is used to power the device,
then no input capacitance is required. The internal 4.7µF
ceramics on each channel input are typically rated for 1A
of RMS ripple current up to 85°C operation. The worstcase ripple current for the 4A maximum current is 2A or
less. An additional 10µF or 22µF local ceramic capacitor
can be used to supplement the internal capacitor with an
additional 1A to 2A ripple current rating. See Figure 11
for recommended PCB layout.
Output Capacitors
Table 1. FB Resistor Table vs Various Output Voltages
VOUT
0.8V
1.0V
1.2V
1.5V
1.8V
2.5V
3.3V
RFB
Open
20k
10k
5.76k
3.92k
2.37k
1.62k
Input Capacitors
The LTM4614 module should be connected to a low AC
impedance DC source. One 4.7µF ceramic capacitor is
included inside the module for each regulator channel.
Additional input capacitors are needed if a large load step
is required up to the full 4A level and for RMS ripple current requirements. A 47µF bulk capacitor can be used for
more input bulk capacitance. This 47µF capacitor is only
needed if the input source impedance is compromised by
long inductive leads or traces.
The LTM4614 switchers are designed for low output voltage ripple on each channel. The bulk output capacitors
are chosen with low enough effective series resistance
(ESR) to meet the output voltage ripple and transient
requirements. The output capacitors can be low ESR tantalum capacitors, low ESR polymer capacitors or ceramic
capacitors. The typical output capacitance range is 66µF
to 100µF. Additional output filtering may be required by
the system designer if further reduction of output ripple
or dynamic transient spikes is required. Table 4 shows a
matrix of different output voltages and output capacitors
to minimize the voltage droop and overshoot during a 2A/
µs transient. The table optimizes total equivalent ESR and
total bulk capacitance to maximize transient performance.
See Figure 11 for recommended PCB layout.
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LTM4614
Applications Information
Fault Conditions: Current Limit and Overcurrent
Foldback
0.01µF. Soft-start time is approximately given by:
The LTM4614 has current mode control, which inherently limits the cycle-by-cycle inductor current not only
in steady-state operation, but also in transient.
Along with foldback current limiting in the event of an
overload condition, the LTM4614 has overtemperature
shutdown protection that inhibits switching operation
around 150°C for each channel.
Run Enable and Soft-Start
The RUN/SS pins provide a dual function of enable and
soft-start control for each channel. The RUN/SS pins are
used to control turn on of the LTM4614. While each enable
pin is below 0.6V, the LTM4614 will be in a low quiescent
current state. At least a 0.9V level applied to the enable
pins will turn on the LTM4614 regulators. The voltage on
the RUN/SS pins clamp the control loop’s current comparator threshold. A RUN/SS pin voltage of 2.375V upon
completion of soft-start guarantees the regulator can deliver
full output current. These pins can be used to sequence
the regulator channels. Soft-start control is provided by
a 1M pull-up resistor (RSS) and a 1000pF capacitor (CSS)
as shown in the Block Diagram for each channel. Optionally, an external capacitor (CSSEXT) can be applied to the
RUN/SS pin to increase soft-start time. A typical value is
VIN
t SOFTSTART =In
•RSS • (CSS +CSSEXT )
VIN – 1.8V
where RSS and CSS are shown in the Block Diagram of
Figure 1, and 1.8V is the soft-start upper range. The softstart function can also be used to control the output rampup time, so that another regulator can be easily tracked
to it. To turn off the module while VIN remains active, the
RUN/SS pin should be pulled low with a falling edge ≤ 1µs
to ensure the device does not transition slowly through
the internal undervoltage lockout threshold.
Output Voltage Tracking
Output voltage tracking can be programmed externally
using the TRACK pins. Either output can be tracked up
or down with another regulator. The master regulator’s
output is divided down with an external resistor divider
that is the same as the slave regulator’s feedback divider
to implement coincident tracking. The LTM4614 uses a
very accurate 4.99k resistor for the internal top feedback
resistor. Figure 2 shows an example of coincident tracking.
Equations:
RFB1
• Master
TRACK1=
4.99k + RFB1
4.99k
• TRACK1
Slave = 1+
RFB1
VIN 3V TO 5.5V
C1
22µF
6.3V
PGOOD1
R3
10k
1.2V
4A
PGOOD1
C2
22µF
6.3V
VIN1
VIN2
C3
100µF
6.3V
RFB1
10k
FB1
RTB
4.99k
RTA
10k
PGOOD2
1.5V
4A
VOUT2
VOUT1
C4
22µF
6.3V 1.5V
PGOOD2
R4
10k
LTM4614
FB2
COMP1
COMP2
TRACK1
TRACK2
RUN/SS1
GND1
RUN/SS2
GND2
VIN OR
CONTROL
RAMP
C7
100µF
6.3V
RFB2
5.76k
C9
22µF
6.3V
CSSEXT1
4614 F02
Figure 2. Dual Outputs (1.5V and 1.2V) with Tracking
4614fb
9
LTM4614
Applications Information
TRACK1 is the track ramp applied to the slave’s track pin.
TRACK1 applies the track reference for the slave output up
to the point of the programmed value at which TRACK1
proceeds beyond the 0.8V reference value. The TRACK1
pin must go beyond the 0.8V to ensure the slave output
has reached its final value.
Ratiometric tracking can be achieved by a few simple calculations and the slew rate value applied to the master’s
TRACK pin. As mentioned above, the TRACK pin has a
control range from 0V to 0.8V. The control ramp slew rate
applied to the master’s TRACK pin is directly equal to the
master’s output slew rate in Volts/Time.
The equation:
MR
• 4.99k = R TB
SR
where MR is the master’s output slew rate and SR is the
slave’s output slew rate in Volts/Time. When coincident
tracking is desired, then MR and SR are equal, thus RTB
is equal to 4.99k. RTA is derived from equation:
R TA =
0.8V
V
VFB
V
+ FB – TRACK
4.99k RFB
R TB
feedback resistor of the slave regulator in equal slew rate
or coincident tracking, then RTA is equal to RFB with VFB =
VTRACK. Therefore RTB = 4.99k and RTA = 10k in Figure 2.
Figure 3 shows the output voltage tracking waveform for
coincident tracking.
In ratiometric tracking, a different slew rate maybe desired
for the slave regulator. RTB can be solved for when SR
is slower than MR. Make sure that the slave supply slew
rate is chosen to be fast enough so that the slave output
voltage will reach it final value before the master output.
For example, MR = 2.5V/ms and SR = 1.8V/1ms. Then
RTB = 6.98k. Solve for RTA to equal to 3.24k. The master
output must be greater than the slave output for the
tracking to work. Output load current must be present
for tracking to operate properly during power down.
Power Good
PGOOD1 and PGOOD2 are open-drain pins that can be
used to monitor valid output voltage regulation. These
pins monitor a ±7.5% window around the regulation point.
COMP Pin
where VFB is the feedback voltage reference of the regulator, and VTRACK is 0.8V. Since RTB is equal to the 4.99k top
This pin is the external compensation pin. The module
has already been internally compensated for all output
voltages. Table 4 is provided for most application requirements. The LTpowerCAD GUI is available for other control
loop optimization.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
MASTER OUTPUT
SLAVE OUTPUT
TIME
4614 F03
Figure 3. Output Voltage Coincident Tracking
4614fb
10
LTM4614
Applications Information
Parallel Switching Regulator Operation
The LTM4614 switching regulators are inherently current
mode control. Paralleling will have very good current sharing. This will balance the thermals on the design. Figure
13 shows a schematic of a parallel design. The voltage
feedback equation changes with the variable N as channels are paralleled.
The equation:
4.99k
+ RFB
VOUT = 0.8V • N
RFB
N is the number of paralleled channels.
Thermal Considerations and Output Current Derating
The power loss curves in Figures 5 and 6 can be used
in coordination with the load current derating curves in
Figures 7 to 10 for calculating an approximate θJA thermal
resistance for the LTM4614 with various heat sinking
and airflow conditions. Both of the LTM4614 outputs
are at full 4A load current, and the power loss curves in
Figures 5 and 6 are combined power losses plotted for
both output voltages up to 4A each. The 4A output voltages
are 1.2V and 3.3V. These voltages are chosen to include
the lower and higher output voltage ranges for correlating
the thermal resistance. Thermal models are derived from
several temperature measurements in a controlled temperature chamber along with thermal modeling analysis.
The junction temperatures are monitored while ambient
temperature is increased with and without airflow. The
junctions are maintained at ~120°C while lowering output
current or power while increasing ambient temperature.
The 120°C is chosen to allow for a 5°C margin window
relative to the maximum 125°C. The decreased output
current will decrease the internal module loss as ambient temperature is increased. The power loss curves in
Figures 5 and 6 show this amount of power loss as a
function of load current that is specified for both channels. The monitored junction temperature of 120°C minus
the ambient operating temperature specifies how much
2.5
3.0
2.5
POWER LOSS (W)
POWER LOSS (W)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
VIN = 5V
0
1
2
LOAD CURRENT (A)
4
3
4614 F05
Figure 5. 1.2V Power Loss
0
VIN = 5V
0
1
2
3
LOAD CURRENT (A)
4
4614 F06
Figure 6. 3.3V Power Loss
4614fb
11
LTM4614
Applications Information
heat sinking. The combined power loss for the two 4A
outputs can be summed together and multiplied by the
thermal resistance values in Tables 2 and 3 for module
temperature rise under the specified conditions. The
printed circuit board is a 1.6mm thick four layer board
with 2 ounce copper for the two outer layers and 1 ounce
copper for the two inner layers. The PCB dimensions are
95mm × 76mm. The data sheet lists the θJA (junction to
ambient) and θJC (junction to case) thermal resistances
under the Pin Configuration diagram.
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
200LFM NO HEAT SINK
3.0
2.5
LOAD CURRENT (A)
LOAD CURRENT (A)
module temperature rise can be allowed. As an example, in
Figure 7 the load current is derated to 3A for each channel
with 0LFM at ~ 90°C and the total combined power loss for
both channels at 5V to 1.2V at 3A output is ~1.5 watts. If
the 90°C ambient temperature is subtracted from the 120°C
maximum junction temperature, then the difference of
30°C divided by 1.5W equals a 20°C/W thermal resistance.
Table 2 specifies a 15°C/W value which is close. Table 2
and Table 3 provide equivalent thermal resistances for
1.2V and 3.3V outputs with and without air flow and
400LFM NO HEAT SINK
2.0
1.5
0LFM NO HEAT SINK
1.0
1.5
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
100 110 120
0LFM HEAT SINK
4.0
3.5
3.5
LOAD CURRENT (A)
4.5
200LFM NO HEAT SINK
400LFM NO HEAT SINK
2.0
1.5
0LFM NO HEAT SINK
1.0
60
70
80
90
100 110 120
4614 F08
Figure 8. 1.2V Heat Sink (VIN = 5V)
4.0
2.5
50
4614 F07
4.5
3.0
40
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 7. 1.2V No Heat Sink (VIN = 5V)
LOAD CURRENT (A)
400LFM HEAT SINK
2.0
0.5
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
3.0
400LFM HEAT SINK
2.5
200LFM HEAT SINK
2.0
0LFM HEAT SINK
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
200LFM HEAT SINK
2.5
1.0
0.5
0
3.0
0.5
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
4614 F09
Figure 9. 3.3V No Heat Sink (VIN = 5V)
0
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
4614 F10
Figure 10. 3.3V Heat Sink (VIN = 5V)
4614fb
12
LTM4614
Applications Information
Table 2. 1.2V Output
VIN (V)
POWER LOSS CURVE
AIRFLOW (LFM)
HEAT SINK
θJA (°C/W)
Figure 7
DERATING CURVE
5
Figure 5
0
None
15
Figure 7
5
Figure 5
200
None
12
Figure 7
5
Figure 5
400
None
10
Figure 8
5
Figure 5
0
BGA Heat Sink
12
Figure 8
5
Figure 5
200
BGA Heat Sink
9
Figure 8
5
Figure 5
400
BGA Heat Sink
7
Table 3. 3.3V Output
VIN (V)
POWER LOSS CURVE
AIRFLOW (LFM)
HEAT SINK
θJA (°C/W)
Figure 9
DERATING CURVE
5
Figure 6
0
None
15
Figure 9
5
Figure 6
200
None
12
Figure 9
5
Figure 6
400
None
10
Figure 10
5
Figure 6
0
BGA Heat Sink
12
Figure 10
5
Figure 6
200
BGA Heat Sink
9
Figure 10
5
Figure 6
400
BGA Heat Sink
7
HEAT SINK MANUFACTURER
PART NUMBER
WEBSITE
Aavid Thermalloy
375424b00034G
www.aavid.com
4614fb
13
LTM4614
Applications Information
Safety Considerations
• Use large PCB copper areas for high current paths,
including VIN, GND and VOUT. It helps to minimize the
PCB conduction loss and thermal stress.
The LTM4614 modules do not provide galvanic isolation
from VIN to VOUT . There is no internal fuse. If required,
a slow blow fuse with a rating twice the maximum input
current needs to be provided to protect each unit from
catastrophic failure.
• Place high frequency ceramic input and output capacitors next to the VIN, GND and VOUT pins to minimize
high frequency noise.
• Place a dedicated power ground layer underneath the
unit.
Layout Checklist/Example
The high integration of LTM4614 makes the PCB board
layout very simple and easy. However, to optimize its
electrical and thermal performance, some layout considerations are still necessary.
• To minimize the via conduction loss and reduce module
thermal stress, use multiple vias for interconnection
between the top layer and other power layers.
• Do not put vias directly on pads unless they are capped.
• Refer to http://www.linear.com/docs/29812 for device
land pattern and stencil design.
I/O PINS
GND1
GND1
Figure 11 gives a good example of the recommended layout.
VOUT1
M
VOUT1
CIN1 L
VIN1
GND1
GND2
VIN2
COUT1 COUT2
K
J
H
GND1
G
F
CIN2 E
COUT3 COUT4
VOUT2
D
C
B
GND2
A
1
2
3
4
GND2
5
6
7
I/O PINS
8
9
GND2
10 11 12
GND2
4614 F11
Figure 11. Recommended PCB Layout
4614fb
14
LTM4614
Applications Information
VIN 2.375V TO 5.5V
C2
22µF
6.3V
X5R OR X7R
C1
22µF
6.3V
PGOOD1
1V
4A
VIN2
VIN1
VOUT1
+
C3
470µF
FB1
C4
100µF
6.3V
R1
20k
VIN
PGOOD2
1.2V
4A
VOUT2
FB2
LTM4614
COMP1
COMP2
TRACK1
TRACK2
RUN/SS1
GND1
R2
10k
VIN
RUN/SS2
GND2
C5
100µF
6.3V
C6
22µF
6.3V
CSSEXT1
0.1µF
4614 F12
Figure 12. Typical 2.375VIN to 5.5VIN, 1.2V and 1V at 4A
Table 4. Output Voltage Response vs Component Matrix (Refer to Figure 12) 0A to 2.5A Load Step Typical Measured Values
COUT1 AND COUT2 CERAMIC VENDORS
VALUE
PART NUMBER
COUT1 AND COUT2 BULK VENDORS VALUE
PART NUMBER
TDK
22µF 6.3V
C3216X7SOJ226M
Sanyo POSCAP
150µF 10V
10TPD150M
Murata
22µF 16V
GRM31CR61C226KE15L
Sanyo POSCAP
220µF 4V
4TPE220MF
TDK
100µF 6.3V
C4532X5R0J107MZ
CIN BULK VENDORS
VALUE
PART NUMBER
Murata
100µF 6.3V
GRM32ER60J107M
SUNCON
100µF 10V
10CE100FH
VOUT
CIN
CIN
COUT1 AND COUT2 COUT1 AND COUT2
(V)
(CERAMIC) (BULK)*
(CER) EACH
(POSCAP) EACH
1.2
100µF
None
10µF ×2
100µF, 22µF ×2
1.2
100µF
220µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
1.2
100µF
None
10µF ×2
100µF, 22µF ×2
1.2
100µF
220µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
1.5
100µF
None
10µF ×2
100µF, 22µF ×2
1.5
100µF
220µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
1.5
100µF
None
10µF ×2
100µF, 22µF ×2
1.5
100µF
220µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
1.8
100µF
None
10µF ×2
100µF, 22µF ×2
1.8
100µF
220µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
1.8
100µF
220µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
2.5
None
None
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
2.5
100µF
150µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
2.5
100µF
150µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
3.3
100µF
150µF
10µF ×2
22µF ×1
*Bulk capacitance is optional if VIN has very low input impedance.
ITH
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
VIN
(V)
5
5
3.3
3.3
5
5
3.3
3.3
5
5
3.3
5
5
3.3
5
DROOP PEAK-TO-PEAK
(mV)
DEVIATION
33
68
25
50
33
68
25
50
30
60
28
60
30
60
27
56
34
68
30
60
30
60
50
90
33
60
50
95
50
90
RECOVERY
TIME (µs)
11
9
8
10
11
11
10
10
12
12
12
10
10
12
12
LOAD STEP
(A/µs)
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
RFB
(kΩ)
10
10
10
10
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
3.92
3.92
3.92
2.37
2.37
2.37
1.62
4614fb
15
LTM4614
Applications Information
VIN 3V TO 5.5V
C2
22µF
6.3V
X5R OR X7R
C1
22µF
6.3V
R2
5k
PGOOD
PGOOD1
VIN1
VIN2
PGOOD2
VOUT1
C4
100µF
6.3V
FB1
VIN
C5
100µF
6.3V
X5R OR X7R
COMP2
TRACK1
VIN
TRACK2
RUN/SS1
GND1
CSSEXT1
0.01µF
FB2
LTM4614
COMP1
R1
4.99k
1.2V
8A
VOUT2
RUN/SS2
GND2
4614 F13
Figure 13. LTM4614 Parallel 1.2V at 8A Design (Also, See the LTM4608A)
VIN 2.375V TO 5.5V
C1
22µF
6.3V
X5R OR X7R
R3
10k
C2
22µF
6.3V
X5R OR X7R
PGOOD1
1.8V
4A
VIN1
VIN2
VOUT1
C3
100µF
6.3V
FB1
C4
22µF
6.3V
R1
4.02k
X5R OR X7R
REFER TO TABLE 4
VIN
CSSEXT
0.01µF
R4
10k
PGOOD2
1.5V
4A
VOUT2
LTM4614
FB2
COMP2
TRACK1
TRACK2
4.99k
RUN/SS2
GND2
5.76k
RUN/SS1
GND1
C5
22µF
6.3V
1.8V
COMP1
C6
100µF
6.3V
R2
5.76k
X5R OR X7R
REFER TO TABLE 4
4614 F14
Figure 14. 1.8V and 1.5V at 4A with Output Voltage Tracking Design
4614fb
16
4
3.1750
1.9050
3.1750
SUGGESTED PCB LAYOUT
TOP VIEW
0.6350
0.0000
0.6350
PACKAGE TOP VIEW
E
1.9050
PIN “A1”
CORNER
6.9850
5.7150
4.4450
4.4450
5.7150
6.9850
aaa Z
Y
6.9850
5.7150
4.4450
3.1750
1.9050
0.6350
0.0000
0.6350
1.9050
3.1750
4.4450
5.7150
6.9850
X
D
aaa Z
bbb Z
0.27
2.45
MIN
2.72
0.60
NOM
2.82
0.63
15.00
15.00
1.27
13.97
13.97
0.32
2.50
DIMENSIONS
eee S X Y
H1
SUBSTRATE
0.37
2.55
0.15
0.10
0.05
MAX
2.92
0.66
NOTES
DETAIL B
PACKAGE SIDE VIEW
A
TOTAL NUMBER OF LGA PADS: 144
SYMBOL
A
b
D
E
e
F
G
H1
H2
aaa
bbb
eee
DETAIL A
0.630 ±0.025 SQ. 143x
DETAIL B
H2
MOLD
CAP
Z
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1816 Rev B)
LGA Package
144-Lead (15mm × 15mm × 2.82mm)
e
b
11
10
9
3x, C (0.22 x45°)
7
G
6
e
5
PACKAGE BOTTOM VIEW
8
4
3
1
DETAIL A
2
DETAILS OF PIN #1 IDENTIFIER ARE OPTIONAL,
BUT MUST BE LOCATED WITHIN THE ZONE INDICATED.
THE PIN #1 IDENTIFIER MAY BE EITHER A MOLD OR
MARKED FEATURE
4
TRAY PIN 1
BEVEL
LGA 144 1111 REV B
PACKAGE IN TRAY LOADING ORIENTATION
LTMXXXXXX
µModule
5. PRIMARY DATUM -Z- IS SEATING PLANE
BALL DESIGNATION PER JESD MS-028 AND JEP95
3
2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994
COMPONENT
PIN “A1”
3
SEE NOTES
F
b
12
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
DIA 0.630
PAD 1
LTM4614
Package Description
Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings.
4614fb
17
LTM4614
Package Description
LTM4614 Component LGA Pinout
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
A1
GND2
B1
GND2
C1
VIN2
D1
VIN2
E1
GND2
F1
GND2
A2
GND2
B2
SW2
C2
VIN2
D2
VIN2
E2
RUN/SS2
F2
GND2
A3
GND2
B3
SW2
C3
VIN2
D3
VIN2
E3
TRACK2
F3
GND2
A4
GND2
B4
SW2
C4
VIN2
D4
VIN2
E4
PGOOD2
F4
GND2
A5
GND2
B5
SW2
C5
VIN2
D5
VIN2
E5
COMP2
F5
GND2
A6
GND2
B6
SW2
C6
VIN2
D6
VIN2
E6
FB2
F6
GND2
A7
GND2
B7
GND2
C7
GND2
D7
GND2
E7
GND2
F7
GND2
A8
GND2
B8
GND2
C8
GND2
D8
GND2
E8
GND2
F8
GND2
A9
GND2
B9
GND2
C9
VOUT2
D9
VOUT2
E9
VOUT2
F9
VOUT2
A10
GND2
B10
GND2
C10
VOUT2
D10
VOUT2
E10
VOUT2
F10
VOUT2
A11
GND2
B11
GND2
C11
VOUT2
D11
VOUT2
E11
VOUT2
F11
VOUT2
A12
GND2
B12
GND2
C12
VOUT2
D12
VOUT2
E12
VOUT2
F12
VOUT2
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
PIN ID
FUNCTION
G1
GND1
H1
GND1
J1
VIN1
K1
VIN1
L1
GND1
M1
GND1
G2
GND1
H2
SW1
J2
VIN1
K2
VIN1
L2
RUN/SS1
M2
GND1
G3
GND1
H3
SW1
J3
VIN1
K3
VIN1
L3
TRACK1
M3
GND1
G4
GND1
H4
SW1
J4
VIN1
K4
VIN1
L4
PGOOD1
M4
GND1
G5
GND1
H5
SW1
J5
VIN1
K5
VIN1
L5
COMP1
M5
GND1
G6
GND1
H6
SW1
J6
VIN1
K6
VIN1
L6
FB1
M6
GND1
G7
GND1
H7
GND1
J7
GND1
K7
GND1
L7
GND1
M7
GND1
G8
GND1
H8
GND1
J8
GND1
K8
GND1
L8
GND1
M8
GND1
G9
GND1
H9
GND1
J9
VOUT1
K9
VOUT1
L9
VOUT1
M9
VOUT1
G10
GND1
H10
GND1
J10
VOUT1
K10
VOUT1
L10
VOUT1
M10
VOUT1
G11
GND1
H11
GND1
J11
VOUT1
K11
VOUT1
L11
VOUT1
M11
VOUT1
G12
GND1
H12
GND1
J12
VOUT1
K12
VOUT1
L12
VOUT1
M12
VOUT1
4614fb
18
LTM4614
Revision History
(Revision history begins at Rev B)
REV
DATE
DESCRIPTION
B
08/12
Update Pin Configuration drawing.
PAGE NUMBER
Remove reference to obsolete Application Note.
Correct typical performance curves.
2
3
4 and 5
Clarify RUN/SS and FB Pin Function information.
6
Update Block Diagram.
6
Clarify RUN/SS Applications Information.
9
Correct feedback resistor value.
15
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Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
19
LTM4614
Package Photograph
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PolyPhase is a registered trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
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20 Linear Technology Corporation
LT 0812 REV B • PRINTED IN USA
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