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MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
General Description
The MAX4080/MAX4081 are high-side, current-sense
amplifiers with an input voltage range that extends from
4.5V to 76V making them ideal for telecom, automotive,
backplane, and other systems where high-voltage current
monitoring is critical. The MAX4080 is designed for unidirectional current-sense applications and the MAX4081
allows bidirectional current sensing. The MAX4081 single output pin continuously monitors the transition from
charge to discharge and avoids the need for a separate
polarity output. The MAX4081 requires an external reference to set the zero-current output level (VSENSE = 0V).
The charging current is represented by an output voltage
from VREF to VCC, while discharge current is given from
VREF to GND.
For maximum versatility, the 76V input voltage range
applies independently to both supply voltage (VCC) and
common-mode input voltage (VRS+). High-side current
monitoring does not interfere with the ground path of the
load being measured, making the MAX4080/MAX4081
particularly useful in a wide range of high-voltage systems.
The combination of three gain versions (5V/V, 20V/V,
60V/V = F, T, S suffix) and a user-selectable, external
sense resistor sets the full-scale current reading and its
proportional output voltage. The MAX4080/MAX4081
offer a high level of integration, resulting in a simple, accurate, and compact current-sense solution.
The MAX4080/MAX4081 operate from a 4.5V to 76V single supply and draw only 75µA of supply current. These
devices are specified over the automotive operating temperature range (-40°C to +125°C) and are available in a
space-saving 8-pin µMAX® or SO package.
Applications
● Automotive (12V, 24V, or 42V Batteries)
● 48V Telecom and Backplane Current Measurement
● Bidirectional Motor Control
● Power-Management Systems
● Avalanche Photodiode and PIN-Diode Current
Monitoring
● General System/Board-Level Current Sensing
● Precision High-Voltage Current Sources
µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
19-2562; Rev 6; 12/20
Benefits and Features
● Ideal for High-Voltage Current Monitoring Applications
• Wide 4.5V to 76V Input Common-Mode Range
• Independent Operating Supply Voltage
● High Accuracy and Low Quiescent Current Support
Precision Application Requirements
• ±0.1% Full-Scale Accuracy
• Low 100μV Input Offset Voltage
• Three Gain Versions Available
- 5V/V (MAX4080F/MAX4081F)
- 20V/V (MAX4080T/MAX4081T)
- 60V/V (MAX4080S/MAX4081S)
• 75μA Supply Current (MAX4080)
● Flexible Current Sensing Supports Monitoring of
Charge and Discharge of Batteries
• Bidirectional (MAX4081) or Unidirectional
(MAX4080) ISENSE
• Reference Input for Bidirectional OUT (MAX4081)
● Minimizes Required Board Space
• 8-Pin μMAX Package
Ordering Information
TEMP RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX4080FAUA+
PART
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX4080FAUA/V+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX4080FASA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 SO
MAX4080TAUA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX4080TAUA/V+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
/V denotes an automotive qualified part.
Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.
Selector Guide appears at end of data sheet.
Pin Configurations
TOP VIEW
RS+ 1
VCC 2
+
8
RS-
RS+ 1
+
8
RS-
7
N.C.
VCC 2
7
REF1A
3
6
N.C.
N.C.
3
6
REF1B
GND 4
5
OUT
GND 4
5
OUT
N.C.
MAX4080
µMAX/SO
MAX4081
µMAX/SO
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Absolute Maximum Ratings
VCC to GND...........................................................-0.3V to +80V
RS+, RS- to GND...................................................-0.3V to +80V
OUT to GND........... -0.3V to the lesser of +18V or (VCC + 0.3V)
REF1A, REF1B to GND
(MAX4081 Only).-0.3V to the lesser of +18V or (VCC + 0.3V)
Output Short Circuit to GND......................................Continuous
Differential Input Voltage (VRS+ - VRS-)...............................±80V
Current into Any Pin..........................................................±20mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
8-Pin ?MAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C).............362mW
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)................471mW
Operating Temperature Range.......................... -40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature.......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range............................. -65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................. +300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow)........................................+260°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
DC Electrical Characteristics
(VCC = VRS+ = 4.5V to 76V, VREF1A = VREF1B = 5V (MAX4081 only), VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, RLOAD = 100kΩ, TA = TMIN to
TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER
Operating Voltage Range
Common-Mode Range
Supply Current
SYMBOL
MAX
UNITS
Inferred from PSRR test
4.5
76
V
CMVR
Inferred from CMRR test (Note 3)
4.5
76
V
ICC
VCC = VRS+ = 76V, MAX4080
no load
MAX4081
75
190
103
190
0.01
2
µA
5
12
µA
VCC
CONDITIONS
Leakage Current
IRS+, IRS-
VCC = 0V, VRS+ = 76V
Input Bias Current
IRS+, IRS-
VCC = VRS+ = 76V
Full-Scale Sense Voltage
(Note 4)
Gain
Gain Accuracy
Input Offset Voltage
VSENSE
AV
DAV
VOS
MIN
TYP
MAX4080F/MAX4081F
±1000
MAX4080T/MAX4081T
±250
MAX4080S/MAX4081S
±100
MAX4080F/MAX4081F
5
MAX4080T/MAX4081T
20
MAX4080S/MAX4081S
60
VCC = VRS+ = 48V
(Note 5)
VCC = VRS+ = 48V
(Note 6)
TA = +25°C
µA
mV
V/V
±0.1
TA = -40°C to +85°C
±0.6
±1
TA = TMIN to TMAX
%
±1.2
TA = +25°C
±0.1
TA = -40°C to +85°C
±0.6
±1
TA = TMIN to TMAX
mV
±1.2
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
(Note 7)
CMRR
VCC = 48V, VRS+ = 4.5V to 76V
100
124
dB
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
(Note 7)
PSRR
VRS+ = 48V, VCC = 4.5V to 76V
100
122
dB
(VCC –
VOH)
VCC = 4.5V, VRS+
= 48V, VREF1A =
VREF1B = 2.5V,
IOUT (sourcing) =
+500µA (Note 8)
OUT High Voltage
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MAX4080F/MAX4081F,
VSENSE = 1000mV
MAX4080T/MAX4081T,
VSENSE = 250mV
0.15
0.27
V
MAX4080S/MAX4081S,
VSENSE = 100mV
Maxim Integrated │ 2
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
DC Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VRS+ = 4.5V to 76V, VREF1A = VREF1B = 5V (MAX4081 only), VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, RLOAD = 100kΩ, TA = TMIN to
TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER
OUT Low Voltage
REF1A = REF1B Input Voltage
Range (MAX4081 Only)
REF1A Input Voltage Range
(MAX4081 Only)
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
VOL
VCC = VRS+ = 48V,
IOUT (sinking) = 10µA
VREF1A = VREF1B =
2.5V, VSENSE =
-1000mV (for
IOUT (sinking) = 100µA
MAX4081 only)
(VREF –
VGND)
Inferred from REF1A rejection ratio,
VREF1A = VREF1B
(VREF1A – Inferred from REF1A rejection ratio,
VGND)
VREF1B = VGND
MIN
TYP
MAX
4
15
23
55
1.5
6
V
3
12
V
REF1A Rejection Ratio
(MAX4081 Only)
VCC = VRS+ = 48V, VSENSE = 0V,
VREF1A = VREF1B = 1.5V to 6V
80
108
REF/REF1A Ratio
(MAX4081 Only)
VREF1A = 10V, VREF1B = VGND,
VCC = VRS+ = 48V (Note 2)
0.497
0.500
REF1A Input Impedance
(MAX4081 Only)
VREF1B = VGND
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UNITS
250
dB
0.503
kW
Maxim Integrated │ 3
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
AC Electrical Characteristics
(VCC = VRS+ = 4.5V to 76V, VREF1A = VREF1B = 5V (MAX4081 only), VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, RLOAD = 100kΩ, CLOAD = 20pF,
TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
VCC = VRS+ = 48V, MAX4080F/T/S
VOUT = 2.5V
MAX4081F/T/S
250
VSENSE = 10mV to 100mV
20
VSENSE = 100mV to 10mV
20
No sustained oscillations
500
pF
VSENSE = 100mV
0.1
W
Power-Up Time
VCC = VRS+ = 48V, VSENSE = 100mV (Note 9)
50
µs
Saturation Recovery Time
(Notes 9,10)
50
µs
Bandwidth
BW
OUT Settling Time to 1% of Final
Value
Capacitive-Load Stability
Output Resistance
ROUT
150
kHz
µs
Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design.
Note 2: VREF is defined as the average voltage of VREF1A and VREF1B. REF1B is usually connected to REF1A or GND.
VSENSE is defined as VRS+ - VRS-.
Note 3: The common-mode range at the low end of 4.5V applies to the most positive potential at RS+ or RS-. Depending on the
polarity of VSENSE and the device’s gain, either RS+ or RS- can extend below 4.5V by the device’s typical full-scale value of
VSENSE.
Note 4: Negative VSENSE applies to MAX4081 only.
Note 5: VSENSE is:
MAX4080F, 10mV to 1000mV
MAX4080T, 10mV to 250mV
MAX4080S, 10mV to 100mV
MAX4081F, -500mV to +500mV
MAX4081T, -125mV to +125mV
MAX4081S, -50mV to +50mV
Note 6: VOS is extrapolated from the gain accuracy test for the MAX4080 and measured as (VOUT - VREF)/AV at VSENSE = 0V, for
the MAX4081.
Note 7: VSENSE is:
MAX4080F, 500mV
MAX4080T, 125mV
MAX4080S, 50mV
MAX4081F/T/S, 0V
VREF1B = VREF1A = 2.5V
Note 8: Output voltage is internally clamped not to exceed 18V.
Note 9: Output settles to within 1% of final value.
Note 10: The device will not experience phase reversal when overdriven.
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Maxim Integrated │ 4
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = VRS+ = 48V, VSENSE = 0V, CLOAD = 20pF, RLOAD = ∞, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
5
-250
-300
-125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
-50 -25
0
T VERSION
-0.10
-0.15
F VERSION
4
28
40
52
64
76
10
100
1k
10k
100k
MAX4080 toc03
0
25
50
75
100
125
1M
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
MAX4081F/T/S
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY
1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
MAX4081F/T/S
REFERENCE REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4080F/T/S
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4081F/T/S
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
-20
50
VSENSE = 10mV
45
40
-30
-40
MAX4080S
35
GAIN (dB)
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
30
20
MAX4080F
10
100
1k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
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10k
100k
VOUT = 100mVP-P
45
40
MAX4081S
30
MAX4081T
25
20
MAX4081F
15
10
-100
-110
50
35
MAX4080T
25
15
1
-25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
MAX4081F/T/S
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY
1
-50
FREQUENCY (Hz)
-10
-120
75 100 125 150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VCC (V)
MAX4080 toc07
REFERENCE REJECTION RATIO (dB)
0
16
-0.2
MAX4080 toc09
-0.20
0
-0.1
-0.5
50
GAIN (dB)
GAIN ACCURACY (%)
S VERSION
-0.05
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
25
MAX4080 toc05
VRS+ = 48V
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO (dB)
MAX4080 toc04
GAIN ACCURACY vs. VCC
0.1
-0.4
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
0
0.2
-0.3
MAX4080 toc08
0
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
10
0.3
MAX4080 toc06
15
0.4
GAIN ACCURACY (%)
20
200
150
100
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB)
25
0.5
MAX4080 toc02
30
GAIN ACCURACY vs. TEMPERATURE
300
250
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (V)
MAX4080 toc01
35
PERCENTAGE (%)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE HISTOGRAM
10
5
5
0
0
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY (kHz)
100
1000
0.1
1
10
100
1000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Maxim Integrated │ 5
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VRS+ = 48V, VSENSE = 0V, CLOAD = 20pF, RLOAD = ∞, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
70
65
110
105
100
95
28
40
52
64
4
16
28
40
52
VCC (V)
MAX4081
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
VOUT HIGH VOLTAGE
vs. IOUT (SOURCING)
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
0.50
VOUT HIGH VOLTAGE (VCC - VOH) (V)
MAX4080 toc13
VCC (V)
VREF1A = VREF1B = 2.5V
110
76
64
0.40
95
90
85
80
0.30
TA = +85°C
0.25
TA = +25°C
0.20
0.15
TA = 0°C TA = -40°C
0.05
0
25
50
0
75
100
125
VOUT LOW VOLTAGE
vs. IOUT (SINKING)
300
VCC = 4.5V
250
200
TA = +125°C
150
TA = +85°C
100
TA = +25°C
0
TA = -40°C
0
TA = 0°C
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
IOUT (SINKING) (µA)
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
IOUT (SOURCING) (mA)
MAX4080T
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080 toc16
MAX4080S
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080 toc17
MAX4080 toc18
INPUT
5mV/div
INPUT
5mV/div
INPUT
5mV/div
OUTPUT
25mV/div
OUTPUT
100mV/div
OUTPUT
300mV/div
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-25
50
0.10
MAX4080F
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
20µs/div
-50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TA = +125°C
0.35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
65
76
VCC = 4.5V
0.45
0
105
70
VOUT LOW VOLTAGE (mV)
16
85
MAX4080 toc12
110
75
MAX4080 toc14
4
115
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
115
115
90
60
65
VREF = 2.5V
NO LOAD
VSENSE = 0V
120
MAX4080 toc15
75
MAX4080
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
80
125
MAX4080 toc10
NO LOAD
VSENSE = 0V
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
85
MAX4081
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. VCC
MAX4080 toc11
MAX4080
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. VCC
20µs/div
20µs/div
Maxim Integrated │ 6
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VRS+ = 48V, VSENSE = 0V, CLOAD = 20pF, RLOAD = ∞, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4081F
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4081S
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4081T
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080 toc19
MAX4080 toc21
MAX4080 toc20
INPUT
10mV/div
INPUT
2.5mV/div
INPUT
1mV/div
OUTPUT
50mV/div
OUTPUT
50mV/div
OUTPUT
50mV/div
20µs/div
20µs/div
20µs/div
MAX4080F
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080T
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080 toc22
MAX4080S
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080 toc23
MAX4080 toc24
INPUT
400mV/div
INPUT
100mV/div
INPUT
33mV/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
20µs/div
20µs/div
MAX4081F
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
20µs/div
MAX4081S
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4081T
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080 toc25
MAX4080 toc27
MAX4080 toc26
INPUT
400mV/div
INPUT
100mV/div
INPUT
33mV/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
20µs/div
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20µs/div
20µs/div
Maxim Integrated │ 7
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VRS+ = 48V, VSENSE = 0V, CLOAD = 20pF, RLOAD = ∞, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4080F
SATURATION RECOVERY RESPONSE
(VCC = 4.5V)
VCC-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4080 toc28
VRS+ = 20V
VCC = 40V
VCC = 20V STEP
VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.5V
MAX4080 toc29
VCC
5V/div
INPUT
500mV/div
VCC
(0 TO 10V)
5V/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
OUTPUT
2.5V/div
VCC = 20V
VOUT
1V/div
4µs/div
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MAX4080T
STARTUP DELAY
(VSENSE = 250mV)
20µs/div
MAX4080 toc30
100µs/div
Maxim Integrated │ 8
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
MAX4080
MAX4081
1
1
RS+
Power connection to the external-sense resistor.
2
2
VCC
Supply Voltage Input. Decouple VCC to GND with at least a 0.1µF capacitor to
bypass line transients.
3, 6, 7
3
N.C.
No Connection. No internal connection. Leave open or connect to ground.
4
4
GND
Ground
5
5
OUT
Voltage Output. For the unidirectional MAX4080, VOUT is proportional to
VSENSE. For the bidirectional MAX4081, the difference voltage (VOUT - VREF) is
proportional to VSENSE and indicates the correct polarity.
8
8
RS-
Load connection to the external sense resistor.
—
6
REF1B
Reference Voltage Input: Connect REF1B to REF1A or to GND (see the External
Reference section).
—
7
REF1A
Reference Voltage Input: Connect REF1A and REF1B to a fixed reference
voltage (VREF). VOUT is equal to VREF when VSENSE is zero (see the External
Reference section).
Detailed Description
The MAX4080/MAX4081 unidirectional and bidirectional
high-side, current-sense amplifiers feature a 4.5V to 76V
input common-mode range that is independent of supply
voltage. This feature allows the monitoring of current out
of a battery as low as 4.5V and also enables high-side current sensing at voltages greater than the supply voltage
(VCC). The MAX4080/MAX4081 monitors current through
a current-sense resistor and amplifies the voltage across
the resistor. The MAX4080 senses current unidirectionally, while the MAX4081 senses current bidirectionally.
The 76V input voltage range of the MAX4080/MAX4081
applies independently to both supply voltage (VCC) and
common-mode, input-sense voltage (VRS+). High-side
current monitoring does not interfere with the ground
path of the load being measured, making the MAX4080/
MAX4081 particularly useful in a wide range of high-voltage systems.
Battery-powered systems require a precise bidirectional
current-sense amplifier to accurately monitor the battery’s
charge and discharge. The MAX4081 charging current
is represented by an output voltage from VREF to VCC,
while discharge current is given from VREF to GND.
Measurements of OUT with respect to VREF yield a positive and negative voltage during charge and discharge, as
illustrated in Figure 1 for the MAX4081T.
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Current Monitoring
The MAX4080 operates as follows: current from the
source flows through RSENSE to the load (Figure 2), creating a sense voltage, VSENSE. Since the internal-sense
amplifier’s inverting input has high impedance, negligible
current flows through RG2 (neglecting the input bias
current). Therefore, the sense amplifier’s inverting input
voltage equals VSOURCE - (ILOAD)(RSENSE). The amplifier’s open-loop gain forces its noninverting input to the
same voltage as the inverting input. Therefore, the drop
across RG1 equals VSENSE. The internal current mirror
multiplies IRG1 by a current gain factor, β, to give IA2 =
β × IRG1. Amplifier A2 is used to convert the output
current to a voltage and then sent through amplifier
A3. Total gain = 5V/V for MAX4080F, 20V/V for the
MAX4080T, and 60V/V for the MAX4080S.
The MAX4081 input stage differs slightly from the
MAX4080 (Figure 3). Its topology allows for monitoring
of bidirectional currents through the sense resistor. When
current flows from RS+ to RS-, the MAX4081 matches the
voltage drop across the external sense resistor, RSENSE,
by increasing the current through the Q1 and RG1. In this
way, the voltages at the input terminals of the internal
amplifier A1 are kept constant and an accurate measurement of the sense voltage is achieved. In the following
amplifier stages of the MAX4081, the output signal of
amplifier A2 is level- shifted to the reference voltage
(VREF = VREF1A = VREF1B), resulting in a voltage at the
output pin (OUT)
Maxim Integrated │ 9
MAX4080/MAX4081
ILOAD
ICHARGE
VSENSE
RSENSE
RS-
10V
SYSTEM LOAD
AND CHARGER
5V
RS+
CHARGE CURRENT
VOUT - VREF
4.5V TO 76V
BATTERY
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
VOUT = 10V
VCC
VSENSE
MAX4081T
REF1A
-250mV
250mV
5V
REF1B
GND
OUT
-5V
VOUT = VGND
VREF1A = VREF1B = 5V
DISCHARGE CURRENT
Figure 1. MAX4081T OUT Transfer Curve
VSENSE
VSENSE
ILOAD
RS+
RS-
RG1
RG2
RSENSE
RS+
RS-
RG1
RG2
MAX4081
RF
A1
MAX4080
A1
Q1
Q2
CURRENT
MIRROR
CURRENT
MIRROR
Q1
CURRENT
MIRROR
IA2
A2
A3
OUT
A2
125kΩ
OUT
REF1B
125kΩ
REF1A
VREF
GND
Figure 2. MAX4080 Functional Diagram
Figure 3. MAX4081 Functional Diagram
that swings above VREF voltage for positive-sense voltages and below VREF for negative-sense voltages.
VOUT is equal to VREF when VSENSE is equal to zero.
Note: For Gain = 5 (F), RG1 = RG2 = 160k.
For Gain = 20 (T), RG1 = RG2 = 60k.
For Gain = 60 (S), RG1 = RG2 = 20k.
Set the full-scale output range by selecting RSENSE
and the appropriate gain version of the MAX4080/
MAX4081.
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Maxim Integrated │ 10
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Table 1. Typical Component Values
FULL-SCALE LOAD
CURRENT, ILOAD (A)
CURRENT-SENSE
RESISTOR (mW)
GAIN
(V/V)
FULL-SCALE
VSENSE
(mV)
MAX4081 FULL-SCALE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(VOUT - VREF, V)
0.500
1000
5
±500
±2.5
0.125
1000
20
±125
±2.5
0.050
1000
60
±50
±3.0
5.000
100
5
±500
±2.5
1.250
100
20
±125
±2.5
0.500
100
60
±50
±3.0
50.000
10
5
±500
±2.5
12.500
10
20
±125
±2.5
5.000
10
60
±50
±3.0
FULL-SCALE LOAD
CURRENT, ILOAD (A)
CURRENT-SENSE
RESISTOR (mW)
GAIN
(V/V)
FULL-SCALE
VSENSE
(mV)
MAX4080 FULL-SCALE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.000
1000
5
1000
5.0
0.250
1000
20
250
5.0
0.100
1000
60
100
6.0
10.000
100
5
1000
5.0
2.500
100
20
250
5.0
1.000
100
60
100
6.0
50.000
10
5
500
2.5
25.000
10
20
250
5.0
10.000
10
60
100
6.0
External References (MAX4081)
For the bidirectional MAX4081, the VOUT reference level
is controlled by REF1A and REF1B. VREF is defined as
the average voltage of VREF1A and VREF1B. Connect
REF1A and REF1B to a low-noise, regulated voltage
source to set the output reference level. In this mode,
VOUT equals VREF1A when VSENSE equals zero (see
Figure 4).
Alternatively, connect REF1B to ground, and REF1A to a
low-noise, regulated voltage source. In this case, the output reference level (VREF) is equal to VREF1A divided by
two. VOUT equals VREF1A/2 when VSENSE equals zero.
In either mode, the output swings above the reference
voltage for positive current-sensing (VRS+ > VRS-). The
output swings below the reference voltage for negative
current-sensing (VRS+ < VRS-).
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Applications Information
Recommended Component Values
Ideally, the maximum load current develops the full-scale
sense voltage across the current-sense resistor. Choose
the gain needed to yield the maximum output voltage
required for the application:
VOUT = VSENSE 5 AV
where VSENSE is the full-scale sense voltage, 1000mV
for gain of 5V/V, 250mV for gain of 20V/V, 100mV for gain
of 60V/V, and AV is the gain of the device.
In applications monitoring a high current, ensure that
RSENSE is able to dissipate its own I2R loss. If the resistor’s power dissipation is exceeded, its value may drift or
it may fail altogether.
The MAX4080/MAX4081 sense a wide variety of currents
with different sense-resistor values. Table 1 lists common
resistor values for typical operation.
Maxim Integrated │ 11
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
ILOAD = 0
ILOAD = 0
RSENSE
RS+
VCC
RS-
RSENSE
LOAD
RS+
VCC
REF1A
MAX4081
5V
OUT
LOAD
REF1A
10V
MAX4081
REF1B
REF1B
GND
RS-
5V
GND
OUT
5V
Figure 4. MAX4081 Reference Inputs
The full-scale output voltage is VOUT = RSENSE × ILOAD
(MAX) × AV, for the MAX4080 and VOUT = VREF ± RSENSE
× ILOAD(MAX) × AV for the MAX4081. VSENSE(MAX) is
1000mV for the 5V/V gain version, 250mV for the 20V/V
gain version, and 100mV for the 60V/V gain version.
Because of the high currents that flow through RSENSE,
take care to eliminate parasitic trace resistance from
causing errors in the sense voltage. Either use a four-terminal current-sense resistor or use Kelvin (force and
sense) PC board layout techniques.
Choosing the Sense Resistor
Dynamic Range Consideration
Choose RSENSE based on the following criteria:
Voltage Loss: A high RSENSE value causes the power-source voltage to degrade through IR loss. For minimal
voltage loss, use the lowest RSENSE value.
● Accuracy: A high RSENSE value allows lower currents to be measured more accurately. This is due
to offsets becoming less significant when the sense
voltage is larger. For best performance, select
RSENSE to provide approximately 1000mV (gain of
5V/V), 250mV (gain of 20V/V), or 100mV (gain of
60V/V) of sense voltage for the full-scale current in
each application.
● Efficiency and Power Dissipation: At high current levels, the I2R losses in RSENSE can be significant. Take
this into consideration when choosing the resistor
value and its power dissipation (wattage) rating. Also,
the sense resistor’s value might drift if it is allowed to
heat up excessively.
● Inductance: Keep inductance low if ISENSE has a
large high-frequency component. Wire-wound resistors have the highest inductance, while metal film is
somewhat better. Low-inductance, metal-film resistors
are also available. Instead of being spiral- wrapped
around a core, as in metal-film or wire-wound resistors, they are a straight band of metal and are available in values under 1Ω.
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Although the MAX4081 have fully symmetrical bidirectional VSENSE input capability, the output voltage range
is usually higher from REF to VCC and lower from REF
to GND (unless the supply voltage is at the lowest end of
the operating range). Therefore, the user must consider
the dynamic range of current monitored in both directions
and choose the supply voltage and the reference voltage
(REF) to make sure the output swing above and below
REF is adequate to handle the swings without clipping or
running out of headroom.
Power-Supply Bypassing and Grounding
For most applications, bypass VCC to GND with a 0.1µF
ceramic capacitor. In many applications, VCC can be
connected to one of the current monitor terminals (RS+
or RS-). Because VCC is independent of the monitored
voltage, VCC can be connected to a separate regulated
supply.
If VCC will be subject to fast-line transients, a series
resistor can be added to the power-supply line of the
MAX4080/MAX4081 to minimize output disturbance. This
resistance and the decoupling capacitor reduce the rise
time of the transient. For most applications, 1kΩ in conjunction with a 0.1µF bypass capacitor work well.
The MAX4080/MAX4081 require no special considerations with respect to layout or grounding. Consideration
should be given to minimizing errors due to the large
charge and discharge currents in the system.
Maxim Integrated │ 12
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Power Management
The bidirectional capability of the MAX4081 makes it an
excellent candidate for use in smart battery packs. In the
application diagram (Figure 5), the MAX4081 monitors the
charging current into the battery as well as the discharge
current out of the battery. The microcontroller stores this
information, allowing the system to query the battery’s
status as needed to make system power-management
decisions.
Typical Operating Circuit
ISENSE
VCC = 4.5V TO 76V
RS+
RS-
VCC
MAX4080
OUT
GND
RSENSE
RS+
SYSTEM
LOAD
RSENSE
RS-
VCC
MAX4081
REF1A
Chip Information
GND
REF1B
SYSTEM
POWER
MANAGEMENT
AND
CHARGER
CIRCUITRY
OUT
PROCESS: Bipolar
1.8V
BATTERY
Ordering Information (continued)
PART
PIN-PACKAGE
-40°C to +125°C
8 SO
MAX4080SAUA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX4080SAUA/V+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX4080SASA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 SO
Figure 5. MAX4081 Used In Smart-Battery Application
MAX4081FAUA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX4081FASA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 SO
Selector Guide
MAX4081TAUA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX4081TASA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 SO
MAX4081SAUA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 µMAX
MAX1243
ADC
TEMP RANGE
MAX4080TASA+
SERIAL
INTERFACE
µC
PART
GAIN (V/V)
I SENSE
MAX4080FAUA
5
Unidirectional
MAX4080FASA
5
Unidirectional
MAX4080TAUA
20
Unidirectional
MAX4080TASA
20
Unidirectional
MAX4080SAUA
60
Unidirectional
MAX4080SASA
60
Unidirectional
MAX4081FAUA
5
Bidirectional
MAX4081FASA
5
Bidirectional
MAX4081TAUA
20
Bidirectional
MAX4081TASA
20
Bidirectional
MAX4081SAUA
60
Bidirectional
MAX4081SASA
60
Bidirectional
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MAX4081SASA+
-40°C to +125°C
8 SO
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns
(footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note
that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status
only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but
the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
8 µMAX
U8+1
21-0036
90-0092
8 SO
S8+2
21-0041
90-0096
Maxim Integrated │ 13
MAX4080/MAX4081
76V, High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers
with Voltage Output
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE
PAGES
CHANGED
0
10/02
Initial release
—
1
11/08
Added values for RG1 and RG2
10
2
5/09
Added lead-free and automotive parts to Ordering Information
1
3
5/10
Removed automotive part and added soldering temperature
4
7/11
Added automotive part designation
1
5
5/15
Updated Benefits and Features section
1
6
12/20
Updated Package Information section
13
DESCRIPTION
1, 2
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please visit Maxim Integrated’s online storefront at https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/storefront/storefront.html.
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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