19-1580; Rev 2; 12/01
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
The MAX5188/MAX5191 are designed to provide a high
level of signal integrity for the least amount of power
dissipation. Both DACs operate from a +2.7V to +3.3V
single supply. Additionally, these DACs have three
modes of operation: normal, low-power standby, and
full shutdown. A full shutdown provides the lowest possible power dissipation with a maximum shutdown current of 1µA. A fast wake-up time (0.5µs) from standby
mode to full DAC operation allows for power conservation by activating the DACs only when required.
The MAX5188/MAX5191 are available in a 28-pin QSOP
package and are specified for the extended (-40°C to
+85°C) temperature range. For pin-compatible 10-bit
versions, refer to the MAX5182/MAX5185 data sheet.
Features
♦ +2.7V to +3.3V Single-Supply Operation
♦ Wide Spurious-Free Dynamic Range: 70dB
at fOUT = 2.2MHz
♦ Fully Differential Outputs for Each DAC
♦ ±0.5% FSR Gain Mismatch Between DAC Outputs
♦ Low-Current Standby or Full Shutdown Modes
♦ Internal +1.2V Low-Noise Bandgap Reference
♦ Small 28-Pin QSOP Package
Ordering Information
PART
TEMP. RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX5188BEEI
MAX5191BEEI
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
28 QSOP
28 QSOP
Pin Configuration
Applications
Signal Reconstruction Applications
Digital Signal Processing
Arbitrary Waveform Generators
Imaging Applications
TOP VIEW
CREF1 1
28 CREF2
OUT1P 2
27 OUT2P
OUT1N 3
26 OUT2N
AGND 4
25 REFO
AVDD 5
DACEN 6
24 REFR
MAX5188
MAX5191
23 DGND
PD 7
22 DVDD
CS 8
21 D7
CLK 9
20 D6
N.C. 10
19 D5
REN 11
18 D4
DGND 12
17 D3
DGND 13
16 D2
D0 14
15 D1
QSOP
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
1
MAX5188/MAX5191
General Description
The MAX5188 is a dual 8-bit, alternate-phase-update,
current-output digital-to-analog converter (DAC)
designed for superior performance in systems requiring
analog signal reconstruction with low distortion and
low-power operation. The MAX5191 provides equal
specifications, with on-chip output resistors for voltageoutput operation. Both devices are designed for 10pVs
glitch operation to reduce distortion and minimize
unwanted spurious signal components at the output. An
on-board +1.2V bandgap circuit provides a well-regulated, low-noise reference that may be disabled for
external reference operation.
MAX5188/MAX5191
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
AVDD, DVDD to AGND, DGND .................................-0.3V to +6V
Digital Inputs to DGND.............................................-0.3V to +6V
OUT1P, OUT1N, OUT2P, OUT2N, CREF1,
CREF2 to AGND ....................................................-0.3V to +6V
VREF to AGND ..........................................................-0.3V to +6V
AVDD to DVDD .....................................................................±3.3V
AGND to DGND.....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
Maximum Current into Any Pin............................................50mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
28-Pin QSOP (derate 9.00mW/°C above +70°C)..........725mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX5188/MAX5191BEEI ..................................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(AVDD = DVDD = +3V ±10%, AGND = DGND = 0, fCLK = 40MHz, IFS = 1mA, 400Ω differential output, CL = 5pF, TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
STATIC PERFORMANCE
Resolution
N
8
Integral Nonlinearity
INL
-1
±0.25
+1
LSB
Differential Nonlinearity
DNL
Guaranteed monotonic
-1
±0.25
+1
LSB
MAX5188
-1
+1
LSB
MAX5191
-4
+4
LSB
(Note 1)
-20
+20
LSB
Zero-Scale Error
Full-Scale Error
Bits
±4
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Output Settling Time
To ±0.5LSB error band
Glitch Impulse
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
to Nyquist
SFDR
fCLK = 40MHz
Total Harmonic Distortion
to Nyquist
THD
fCLK = 40MHz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
to Nyquist
SNR
fCLK = 40MHz
fOUT = 500kHz
fOUT = 2.2MHz, TA = +25°C
25
ns
10
pVs
72
57
fOUT = 500kHz
-70
fOUT = 2.2MHz, TA = +25°C
-68
fOUT = 500kHz
fOUT = 2.2MHz, TA = +25°C
dBc
70
-63
52
46
dB
dB
52
DAC-to-DAC Output Isolation
fOUT = 2.2MHz
-60
dB
Clock and Data Feedthrough
All 0s to all 1s
50
nVs
10
pA/√Hz
Output Noise
Gain Mismatch Between DAC
Outputs
fOUT = 2.2MHz, TA = +25°C
±0.5
±1
LSB
ANALOG OUTPUT
Full-Scale Output Voltage
VFS
400
Voltage Compliance of Output
Output Leakage Current
Full-Scale Output Current
DAC External Output Resistor
Load
2
IFS
mV
-0.3
0.8
V
DACEN = 0, MAX5188 only
-1
1
µA
MAX5188 only
0.5
1.5
mA
MAX5188 only
1
400
________________________________________________________________________________________
Ω
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
(AVDD = DVDD = +3V ±10%, AGND = DGND = 0, fCLK = 40MHz, IFS = 1mA, 400Ω differential output, CL = 5pF, TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
1.12
1.2
1.28
V
REFERENCE
Output Voltage Range
VREF
Output Voltage Temperature
Drift
TCVREF
50
ppm/°C
Reference Output Drive
Capability
IREFOUT
10
µA
Reference Supply Rejection
Current Gain (IFS / IREF)
0.5
mV/V
8
mA/mA
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Analog Power-Supply Voltage
AVDD
Analog Supply Current
IAVDD
Digital Power-Supply Voltage
DVDD
Digital Supply Current
Standby Current
Shutdown Current
2.7
PD = 0, DACEN = 1, digital inputs at 0 or DVDD
2.7
2.7
3.3
V
5
mA
3.3
V
IDVDD
PD = 0, DACEN = 1, digital inputs at 0 or DVDD
4.2
5
mA
ISTANDBY
PD = 0, DACEN = 0, digital inputs at 0 or DVDD
1
1.5
mA
ISHDN
PD = 1, DACEN = X, digital inputs at 0 or DVDD
(X = don’t care)
0.5
1
µA
LOGIC INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Digital Input High Voltage
VIH
Digital Input Low Voltage
VIL
Digital Input Current
IIN
Digital Input Capacitance
CIN
2
V
0.8
VIN = 0 or DVDD
±1
10
V
µA
pF
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
DAC1 DATA to CLK Rise Setup
Time
tDS1
10
ns
DAC2 DATA to CLK Fall Setup
Time
tDS2
10
ns
DAC1 CLK Rise to DATA Hold
Time
tDH1
0
ns
DAC2 CLK Fall to DATA Hold
Time
tDH2
0
ns
CS Fall to CLK Rise Time
5
ns
CS Fall to CLK Fall Time
5
ns
0.5
µs
50
µs
DACEN Rise Time to VOUT
PD Fall Time to VOUT
Clock Period
tCLK
25
ns
Clock High Time
tCH
10
ns
Clock Low Time
tCL
10
ns
Note 1: Excludes reference and reference resistor (MAX5191) tolerance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX5188/MAX5191
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Typical Operating Characteristics
(AVDD = DVDD = +3V, AGND = DGND = 0, 400Ω differential output, IFS = 1mA, CL = 5pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
0.075
0.100
0.050
DNL (LSB)
0.050
0.025
0.025
0
0
-0.025
-0.025
-0.050
-0.050
-0.075
32
64
96
128 160 192 224 256
MAX5188
2.25
32
64
96
128 160 192 224 256
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
2.50
MAX5188
2.25
MAX5188
6
MAX5191
4
2
0
-15
10
35
60
MAX5188
3.75
MAX5191
3.50
3.25
3.00
2.5
85
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
-40
-15
10
35
60
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
STANDBY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
STANDBY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX5191
590
STANDBY CURRENT (µA)
MAX5191
600
590
MAX5188
580
580
570
MAX5188
85
MAX5188/91-09
610
3.8
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA)
600
MAX5188/91-07
620
5.5
MAX5188/91-06
8
4.00
DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
MAX5191
2.75
10
MAX5188/91-05
MAX5188/91-04
ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
2.50
INPUT CODE
2.00
3.7
MAX5188
3.6
MAX5191
3.5
560
570
560
550
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
4
MAX5191
INPUT CODE
3.00
-40
2.75
2.00
0
DIGITAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
0
MAX5188/91-08
INL (LSB)
0.075
3.00
ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
0.125
ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX5188/91-02
0.100
MAX5188/91-01
0.150
DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY
vs. INPUT CODE
MAX5188/91-03
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY
vs. INPUT CODE
STANDBY CURRENT (µA)
MAX5188/MAX5191
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
5.0
5.5
3.4
-40
-15
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
85
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5.0
5.5
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
1.26
MAX5188
1.25
MAX5191
1.26
MAX5188
1.25
MAX5191
MAX5188/91-13
1.27
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
1.27
4
MAX5188/91-12
MAX5188/91-11
1.28
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
3
2
1
1.24
1.24
0
1.23
1.23
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
-40
5.5
-15
10
35
60
0
85
100
DYNAMIC RESPONSE RISE TIME
200
OUT_N
150mV/div
OUT_N
150mV/div
50ns/div
50ns/div
FFT PLOT, DAC2
FFT PLOT, DAC1
MAX5188/91-16
0
-10
fCLK = 40MHz
fOUT = 2.2MHz
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-40
-50
-60
-70
-70
-80
-80
-90
-90
-100
-110
-120
-100
-110
-120
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
OUTPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
fCLK = 40MHz
fOUT = 2.2MHz
-20
-30
(dBc)
(dBc)
0
-10
MAX5188/91-17
SETTLING TIME
12.5ns/div
500
MAX5188/91-15
MAX5188/91-14
OUT_P
150mV/div
OUT_P
100mV/div
400
DYNAMIC RESPONSE FALL TIME
OUT_P
150mV/div
OUT_N
100mV/div
300
REFERENCE CURRENT (µA)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
0
2
4
6
8
MAX5188/91-18
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
1.28
OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. REFERENCE CURRENT
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
10 12 14 16 18 20
OUTPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX5188/MAX5191
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = +3V, AGND = DGND = 0, 400Ω differential output, IFS = 1mA, CL = 5pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = +3V, AGND = DGND = 0, 400Ω differential output, IFS = 1mA, CL = 5pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE
vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY
SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE vs. OUTPUT
FREQUENCY AND CLOCK FREQUENCY, DAC1
90
MAX5188/91-20
78
MAX5188/91-19
100
fCLK = 40MHz
76
fCLK = 60MHz
74
SFDR (dBc)
SFDR (dBc)
80
DAC2
70
DAC1
60
fCLK = 20MHz
72
fCLK = 50MHz
70
fCLK = 10MHz
50
68
40
66
fCLK = 30MHz
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE vs. OUTPUT
FREQUENCY AND CLOCK FREQUENCY, DAC2
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE PLUS DISTORTION
vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY
76
62.5
MAX5188/91-23
fCLK = 50MHz fCLK = 20MHz fCLK = 40MHz
MAX5188/91-21
78
62.0
SINAD (dB)
72
fCLK = 10MHz
70
61.5
DAC2
61.0
DAC1
fCLK = 60MHz
60.5
68
fCLK = 30MHz
60.0
66
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OUTPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
OUPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
MULTITONE SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC
RANGE vs. OUTPUT FREQUENCY
SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE
vs. FULL-SCALE OUTPUT CURRENT
74
MAX5188/91-24
0
-10
-20
MAX5188/91-26
SFDR (dBc)
74
72
70
SFDR (dBc)
-30
SFDR (dBc)
MAX5188/MAX5191
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
-40
-50
-60
68
66
64
-70
62
-80
60
-120
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
OUTPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
6
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
FULL-SCALE OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
1
CREF1
Reference Bias Bypass, DAC1
2
OUT1P
Positive Analog Output, DAC1. Current output for the MAX5188; voltage output for the MAX5191.
3
OUT1N
Negative Analog Output, DAC1. Current output for the MAX5188; voltage output for the MAX5191.
4
AGND
Analog Ground
5
AVDD
Analog Positive Supply, +2.7V to +3.3V
DAC Enable, Digital Input
0: Enter DAC standby mode with PD = DGND
1: Power-up DAC with PD = DGND
X: Enter shutdown mode with PD = DVDD (X = don’t care)
6
DACEN
7
PD
Power-Down Select
0: Enter DAC standby mode (DACEN = DGND) or power-up DAC (DACEN = DVDD)
1: Enter shutdown mode
8
CS
Active-Low Chip Select
9
CLK
Clock Input
10
N.C.
Not Connected. Do not connect to this pin.
11
REN
Active-Low Reference Enable. Connect to DGND to activate on-chip +1.2V reference.
12, 13, 23
DGND
14
D0
Data Bit D0 (LSB)
15–20
D1–D6
Data Bits D1–D6
21
D7
22
DVDD
Digital Supply, +2.7V to +3.3V
24
REFR
Reference Input
25
REFO
Reference Output
26
OUT2N
Negative Analog Output, DAC2. Current output for the MAX5188; voltage output for the MAX5191.
27
OUT2P
Positive Analog Output, DAC2. Current output for the MAX5188; voltage output for the MAX5191.
28
CREF2
Reference Bias Bypass, DAC2
Digital Ground
Data Bit D7 (MSB)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX5188/MAX5191
Pin Description
MAX5188/MAX5191
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
REN
AVDD
AGND
CS
DACEN
PD
1.2V REF
REFO
CREF1
CURRENTSOURCE ARRAY
REFR
CREF2
OUT1P
9.6k*
OUT1N
DAC 1 SWITCHES
OUT2P
DAC 2 SWITCHES
MSB DECODE
CLK
MSB DECODE
INPUT
LATCHES
INPUT
LATCHES
MAX5188
MAX5191
DVDD
*INTERNAL 400Ω AND 9.6kΩ RESISTORS FOR MAX5191 ONLY.
400Ω*
400Ω*
400Ω*
400Ω*
OUTPUT
LATCHES
OUTPUT
LATCHES
OUT2N
DGND
D7–D0
Figure 1. Functional Diagram
Detailed Description
The MAX5188/MAX5191 are dual 8-bit digital-to-analog
converters (DACs) capable of operating with clock
speeds up to 40MHz. Each of these dual converters
consists of separate input and DAC registers, followed
by a current-source array capable of generating up to
1.5mA full-scale output current (Figure 1). An integrated +1.2V voltage reference and control amplifier determine the data converters’ full-scale output currents/
voltages. Careful reference design ensures close gain
matching and excellent drift characteristics. The
MAX5191’s voltage output operation features matched
400Ω on-chip resistors that convert the current from the
current array into a voltage.
Internal Reference
and Control Amplifier
The MAX5188/MAX5191 provide an integrated
50ppm/°C, +1.2V, low-noise bandgap reference that
can be disabled and overridden by an external reference voltage. REFO serves either as an input for an
external reference or as an output for the integrated reference. If REN is connected to DGND, the internal reference is selected and REFO provides a +1.2V output.
8
Due to its limited 10µA output drive capability, the
REFO pin must be buffered with an external amplifier if
heavier loading is required.
The MAX5188/MAX5191 also employ a control amplifier, designed to simultaneously regulate the full-scale
output current IFS for both MAX5188/MAX5191 outputs.
The output current is calculated as follows:
IFS = 8 ✕ IREF
where I REF is the reference output current (I REF =
VREFO / RSET) and IFS is the full-scale output current.
R SET is the reference resistor that determines the
amplifier’s output current (Figure 2) on the MAX5188.
This current is mirrored into the current-source array,
where it is equally distributed between matched current
segments and summed to valid output current readings
for the DACs.
Inside the MAX5191, each output current (DAC1 and
DAC2) is converted to an output voltage (VOUT1, VOUT2)
with two internal, ground-referenced, 400Ω load resistors. Using the internal +1.2V reference voltage, the integrated reference output current resistor of the MAX5191
(RSET = 9.6kΩ) sets IREF to 125µA and IFS to 1mA.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
MAX5188/MAX5191
OPTIONAL EXTERNAL BUFFER
FOR HEAVIER LOADS
DGND
REN
+1.2V
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
MAX4040
REFO
CCOMP*
AGND
IREF =
VREF
RSET
RSET
CURRENTSOURCE ARRAY
IREF
REFR
IFS
RSET**
9.6k
MAX5188
MAX5191
AGND
*COMPENSATION CAPACITOR (CCOMP = 100nF)
**9.6kΩ REFERENCE CURRENT SET RESISTOR
INTERNAL TO MAX5191 ONLY. USE EXTERNAL
RSET FOR MAX5188.
Figure 2. Setting IFS with the Internal +1.2V Reference and Control Amplifier
External Reference
To disable the MAX5188/MAX5191’s internal reference,
connect REN to DVDD. A temperature-stable external
reference may now be applied to drive the REFO pin
(Figure 3) to set the full-scale output. Choose a reference that can supply at least 150µA to drive the bias
circuit that generates the cascode current for the current array. For improved accuracy and drift performance, choose a fixed output voltage reference such
as the +1.2V, 25ppm/°C MAX6520 bandgap reference.
Standby Mode
To enter the lower-power standby mode, connect digital inputs PD and DACEN to DGND. In standby, both
the reference and the control amplifier are active with
the current array inactive. To exit this condition, DACEN
must be pulled high with PD held at DGND. The
MAX5188/MAX5191 typically require 50µs to wake up
and allow both the outputs and the reference to settle.
Shutdown Mode
For lowest power consumption, the MAX5188/MAX5191
provide a power-down mode in which the reference,
control amplifier, and current array are inactive and the
DAC’s supply current is reduced to 1µA. To enter this
mode, connect PD to DVDD. To return to active mode,
connect PD to DGND and DACEN to DVDD. About 50µs
are required for the devices to leave shutdown mode
and settle their outputs to the values prior to shutdown.
Table 1 lists the power-down mode selection.
Table 1. Power-Down Mode Selection
PD
(POWER-DOWN SELECT)
DACEN
(DAC ENABLE)
POWER-DOWN
MODE
0
0
Standby
0
1
Wake-Up
1
X
Shutdown
OUTPUT STATE
MAX5188
High-Z
MAX5191
AGND
Last state prior to standby mode
MAX5188
High-Z
MAX5191
AGND
X = Don’t care
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX5188/MAX5191
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
DVDD
10µF
0.1µF
DGND
REN
+1.2V
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
AVDD
EXTERNAL
+1.2V
REFERENCE
REFO
CURRENTSOURCE ARRAY
REFR
MAX6520
IFS
IREF
AGND
9.6k*
RSET
MAX5188
MAX5191
AGND
*9.6kΩ REFERENCE CURRENT SET RESISTOR
INTERNAL TO MAX5191 ONLY. USE EXTERNAL
RSET FOR MAX5188.
Figure 3. MAX5188/MAX5191 Using an External Reference
tCLK
tCL
tCH
CLK
N-1
D0–D7
N-1
DAC1
DAC2
OUT1
OUT2
DAC1
tDS2
tDS1
N
N
DAC2
N+1
DAC1
DAC2
tDH2
tDH1
N-2
N-2
N+1
N-1
N-1
N
N
Figure 4. Timing Diagram
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
Outputs
The MAX5188 outputs are designed to supply 1mA fullscale output currents into 400Ω loads in parallel with a
capacitive load of 5pF. The MAX5191 features integrat-
ed 400Ω resistors that restore the array currents into
proportional, differential voltages of 400mV. These differential output voltages can then be used to drive a
balun transformer or a low-distortion, high-speed operational amplifier to convert the differential voltage into a
single-ended voltage.
Applications Information
Static and Dynamic
Performance Definitions
Integral Nonlinearity
Integral nonlinearity (INL) (Figure 5a) is the deviation of
the values on an actual transfer function from either a
best-straight-line fit (closest approximation to the actual
transfer curve) or a line drawn between the endpoints
7
6
5
4
AT STEP
011 (1/2 LSB )
3
2
DIFFERENTIAL LINEARITY
ERROR (-1/4 LSB)
4
3
1 LSB
2
AT STEP
001 (1/4 LSB )
1
1 LSB
5
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE
6
DIFFERENTIAL
LINEARITY ERROR (+1/4 LSB)
1
0
0
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
000
111
001
IDEAL DIAGRAM
IDEAL OFFSET
POINT
0
000
001
OFFSET ERROR
(+1 1/4 LSB)
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE
2
1
101
GAIN ERROR
(-1 1/4 LSB)
6
IDEAL DIAGRAM
ACTUAL
FULL-SCALE
OUTPUT
5
4
0
010
011
000 100
101
110
111
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
Figure 5c. Offset Error
100
IDEAL FULL-SCALE OUTPUT
7
ACTUAL
DIAGRAM
ACTUAL
OFFSET
POINT
011
Figure 5b. Differential Nonlinearity
Figure 5a. Integral Nonlinearity
3
010
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
Figure 5d. Gain Error
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX5188/MAX5191
Timing Information
Both internal DAC cells write to their outputs in alternate
phase (Figure 4). The input latch of the first DAC
(DAC1) is loaded after the clock signal transitions high.
When the clock signal transitions low, the input latch of
the second DAC (DAC2) is loaded. The contents of the
first input latch are shifted into the DAC1 register on the
rising edge of the clock; the contents of the second
input latch are shifted into the input register of DAC2 on
the falling edge of the clock. Both outputs are updated
on alternate phases of the clock.
MAX5188/MAX5191
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
of the transfer function once offset and gain errors have
been nullified. For a DAC, the deviations are measured
at every single step.
Differential Nonlinearity
Differential nonlinearity (DNL) (Figure 5b) is the difference between an actual step height and the ideal value
of 1LSB. A DNL error specification of less than 1LSB
guarantees no missing codes and a monotonic transfer
function.
Offset Error
Offset error (Figure 5c) is the difference between the
ideal and the actual offset point. For a DAC, the offset
point is the step value when the digital input is zero.
This error affects all codes by the same amount and
can usually be compensated by trimming.
Gain Error
Gain error (Figure 5d) is the difference between the
ideal and the actual full-scale output voltage on the
transfer curve, after nullifying the offset error. This error
alters the slope of the transfer function and corresponds to the same percentage error in each step.
Settling Time
The settling time is the amount of time required from the
start of a transition until the DAC output settles its new
output value to within the converter’s specified accuracy.
Digital Feedthrough
Digital feedthrough is the noise generated on a DAC’s
output when any digital input transitions. Proper board
layout and grounding will significantly reduce this
noise, but there will always be some feedthrough
caused by the DAC itself.
Total Harmonic Distortion
Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS
sum of the input signal’s first four harmonics to the fundamental itself. This is expressed as:
THD = 20 × log
(V22 + V32 + V42 + V52 )
V1
where V1 is the fundamental amplitude, and V2 through
V5 are the amplitudes of the 2nd- through 5th-order
harmonics.
Differential to Single-Ended Conversion
The MAX4108 low-distortion, high input-bandwidth
amplifier may be used to generate a voltage from the
MAX5188’s current-array output. The differential voltage across OUT1P (or OUT2P) and OUT1N (or OUT2N)
is converted into a single-ended voltage by designing
an appropriate operational amplifier configuration as
shown in Figure 6.
Grounding and Power-Supply Decoupling
Grounding and power-supply decoupling strongly influence the performance of the MAX5188/MAX5191.
Unwanted digital crosstalk may couple through the
input, reference, power-supply, and ground connections, which may affect dynamic specifications like SNR
or SFDR. In addition, electromagnetic interference
(EMI) can either couple into or be generated by the
MAX5188/MAX5191. Therefore, grounding and powersupply decoupling guidelines for high-speed, high-frequency applications should be closely followed.
First, a multilayer PC board with separate ground and
power-supply planes is recommended. High-speed
signals should run on controlled impedance lines
directly above the ground plane. Since the MAX5188/
MAX5191 have separate analog and digital ground
buses (AGND and DGND, respectively), the PC board
should also have separate analog and digital ground
sections with only one point connecting the two. Digital
signals should run above the digital ground plane, and
analog signals should run above the analog ground
plane.
Both devices have two power-supply inputs: analog
VDD (AVDD) and digital VDD (DVDD). Each AVDD input
should be decoupled with parallel 10µF and 0.1µF
ceramic-chip capacitors as close to the pin as possible. Their opposite ends should have the shortest possible connection to the ground plane. The DVDD pins
should also have separate 10µF and 0.1µF capacitors,
again adjacent to their respective pins. Try to minimize
the analog load capacitance for proper operation. For
best performance, bypass CREF1 and CREF2 with lowESR, 0.1µF capacitors to AVDD.
The power-supply voltages should also be decoupled
with large tantalum or electrolytic capacitors at the
point they enter the PC board. Ferrite beads with additional decoupling capacitors forming a pi network could
also improve performance.
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the ratio of RMS
amplitude of the fundamental (maximum signal component) to the RMS value of the next-largest distortion
component.
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
MAX5188/MAX5191
AVDD
AVDD
+3V
10µF
+3V
0.1µF
0.1µF
10µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
AVDD
402Ω
DVDD CREF1
CREF2
CLK
+5V
402Ω
OUT1P
OUTPUT1
400Ω*
MAX5188
MAX5191
D0–D7
-5V
MAX4108
OUT1N
402Ω
402Ω
400Ω*
402Ω
REFO
402Ω
0.1µF
+5V
OUT2P
OUTPUT2
400Ω*
REFR
-5V
RSET**
MAX4108
OUT2N
402Ω
402Ω
400Ω*
DGND
REN
AGND
**MAX5188 ONLY
*400Ω RESISTORS INTERNAL TO MAX5191 ONLY.
Figure 6. Differential to Single-Ended Conversion Using the MAX4108 Low-Distortion Amplifier
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 9464
SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GND
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage,
Alternate-Phase Output DACs
QSOP.EPS
MAX5188/MAX5191
Package Information
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
14 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2001 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
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