[AP1023AEN]
AP1023
2ch H-Bridge Constant Voltage Control Motor Driver IC
1. General Description
The AP1023 is 2ch H-Bridge Motor Driver corresponding to motor operating voltage range from 1.6 to 6.5V.
The AP1023 is capable of driving two motor or one stepper motor. The AP1023 is suitable for battery drive
application, and realizes to the battery life by PWM constant voltage control. The AP1023 is housed in a
small 4×4mm 24pin QFN package with good heat dissipation performance, and therefore contributes to
downsize Printed Circuit Board.
2. Features
PWM Constant Voltage Control
Motor Operating Voltage
1.6V～6.5V
Control Supply Voltage
2.7V～5.5V
Maximum Output Current
1.45A(Ta=25℃, 2ch simultaneously)
H-Bridge On-Resistance（High＋Low)
0.54Ω (Ta=25°C)
Built-in Charge Pump block
Under Voltage Lockout Circuit (UVLO)
Thermal Shutdown Circuit (TSD)
Operating Temperature Range
-30°C～85°C
Package
24pin QFN (4mm×4mm, with Ex-posed PAD)
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3. Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
General Description ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Features .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Table of Contents............................................................................................................................................... 2
Block Diagram and Functions ........................................................................................................................... 3
■Block Diagram .................................................................................................................................................. 3
■Functions ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
5. Ordering Guide .................................................................................................................................................. 4
6. Pin Configurations and Functions...................................................................................................................... 4
■Pin Configurations ............................................................................................................................................. 4
■Functions ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
7. Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................................................................................................. 5
8. Recommended Operating Conditions ................................................................................................................ 6
9. Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................................................................... 7
10.
Functional Descriptions ................................................................................................................................. 9
10.1 Operation Outline ...................................................................................................................................... 9
10.2 Motor Driver Block Configuration .......................................................................................................... 10
10.3 Protection Circuits ................................................................................................................................... 11
11.
Recommended External Circuits ................................................................................................................. 12
■Recommended External Circuits ..................................................................................................................... 12
12.
Package ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
■Outline Dimensions ......................................................................................................................................... 13
■Recommended Land Pattern............................................................................................................................ 13
■Marking ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
13.
Revise History ............................................................................................................................................. 14
IMPORTANT NOTICE ...................................................................................................................................... 15
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4. Block Diagram and Functions
■Block
Diagram
CL
CH
VG
VM
VC
Charge Pump
VREF
VREF
LDMOS
OUT1A
H-Bridge
1
OUT1B
Saw-Tooth
OSC
VSET
PGND
UVLO
TSD
H-Bridge
Control
Circuit
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
EN
LDMOS
OUT2A
H-Bridge
2
OUT2B
Control
Circuit
M1
M0
EP
Figure 1. Block Diagram
■Functions
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Block Name
Charge Pump
VREF
Function
Generate High side Gate drive Voltage.
Output Reference Voltage. It uses PWM Constant Voltage Setting pin, VSET.
According to input signal and VSET setting Voltage, VM voltage, the AP1023
Saw-Tooth OSC
generates PWM control signal and supplies H-Bridge Control Circuit.
If VC voltage is lower than 2.2V (typ.) at the starting, the H-Bridge output is the
UVLO
Hi-Z.
If the internal temperature of the IC (Tj) reaches 175 °C (typ.), the H-Bridge outputs
TSD
Hi-Z.
Every block is controlled by signal of Input terminal.
Control Circuit
When UVLO and TSD operate at the abnormal operation, every block is stopped.
H-Bridge Control According to information from Control Circuit and PWM control setting (M0, M1),
Circuit
PWM Constant Voltage (VSET), the AP1023 generates signal to drive H-Bridge.
LDMOS
H-Bridge is configured by Hi-Side(TOP) and Lo-Side(BOT) Nch-MOSFET.
H-Bridge1, 2
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5. Ordering Guide
AP1023AEN
-30°C～85°C
24-pin QFN
6. Pin Configurations and Functions
OUT2B
OUT2B
M1
M0
EN
GND
18
17
16
15
14
13
Configurations
OUT2A
19
12
VSET
OUT2A
20
11
VREF
VM
21
10
IN4
VM
22
9
IN3
OUT1A
23
8
IN2
7
IN1
Exposed pad
2
3
4
5
6
OUT1B
VG
CH
CL
VC
24
1
OUT1A
(Top View)
OUT1B
■Pin
Exposed PAD must be connected to GND.
■Functions
Pin Number
1,2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Pin Name
OUT1B
VG
CH
CL
VC
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
VREF
VSET
GND
EN
M0
I/O
O
I/O
I/O
I/O
P
I
I
I
I
O
I
P
I
I
16
M1
I
17,18
19,20
21,22
23,24
OUT2B
OUT2A
VM
OUT1A
O
O
P
O
Functions
Motor Driver Output
Connect Terminal for Stabilizing Capacitor.
Connect Terminal for Charge Pump Capacitor.
Connect Terminal for Charge Pump Capacitor.
Control Power Supply
Control Signal Input
Control Signal Input
Control Signal Input
Control Signal Input
Output Terminal of Reference Voltage
Constant Voltage Analog input
Ground
Enable Signal Input
Constant Voltage magnification setting Input (x1, x2)
Driver control setting Input
(Two Phase-excitation, Generic)
Motor Driver Output
Motor Driver Output
Motor Power Supply
Motor Driver Output
EP
PGND
P
Power Ground,Ex-posed Pad
Notes
Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down
Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down
Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down
Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down
Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down
Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down
Built-in 200kΩ Pull-down
PGND and EP are shorted
on the frame.
Note 1. I(Input pin), O(Output pin), P(Power pin), I/O(Input/Output pin)
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7. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
min
max
Unit
Control Supply Voltage
VC
-0.5
6.0
V
Motor Operating Voltage
VM
-0.5
7.0
V
Vterm1
-0.5
VC
V
Vterm2
-0.5
VM
V
Vterm3
-0.5
13.0
V
-
1.35
A
-
0.95
A/ch
-
3.125
W
VC Level Terminal Voltage
(INn,VREF,VSET,M1,M0,EN)
VM Level Terminal Voltage
(OUTnA, OUTnB,CL)
VC+VM Level Terminal Voltage
(CH,VG)
Maximum Output Current
Iload
Power Dissipation
PD
Condition
Ta=85°C, 1ch
(Note 3)
Ta=85°C,
2ch simultaneously
(Note 3,Note 4)
Thermal shutdown detection
Temperature: Tj=150°C ,
(Note 3,Note 4)
Junction Temperature
Tj
150
°C
Storage Temperature
Tstg
-40
150
°C
Note 2.All above voltages are with respect to GND=PGND=0V. GND and PGND must be connected to a
ground plane.
Note 3. For Power Dissipation, the output current rating may be limited by duty cycle, Ta, and PCB board
heat sinking design.
Note 4.A 4-layer board is used. RθJA = 40°C/W.
3.6
3.2
Pwower dissipation, Pd ( W)
2.8
2.4
RθJA=40°C/W at 4-layer PCB
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0
0
25
50
75 85 100
Temperature (°C)
125
150
175
Figure 2. Maximum Power Dissipation
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. Normal
operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
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8. Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Motor Operating Voltage
Control Supply Voltage
Input Frequency Range
VSET terminal Voltage
Operating Temperature Range
Symbol
VM
VC
Fin
VSET
Ta
min
1.6
2.7
0.5
-30
typ
5.0
3.0
-
(Ta=25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
max
Unit
Condition
6.5
V
5.5
V
1
kHz M1=”L”,IN1,2
VC
V
85
°C
WARNING: The maximum ratings are the absolute limitation values with the possibility of the IC breakage.
When the operation exceeds this standard quality cannot be guaranteed.
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9. Electrical Characteristics
Parameter
Quiescent Current
VC Quiescent Current at the time
of Power Save
VM Quiescent Current at the time
of Power Save
VC Quiescent Current at the time of
Operating
Charge Pump
Charge Pump Voltage
Charge Pump Rise Time
H-Bridge
Driver on resistance 1
(H-Bridge High+Low)
Driver on resistance 2
(H-Bridge High+Low)(Note 6)
H-Bridge Driver
Body diode forward voltage
Delay Time
Output Delay Time
(“L”→”H”)
Output Delay Time
(“H”→”L”)
Output Pulse Width
Control Logic
Input High Level Voltage
Input Low Level Voltage
Input Pulse Rise Time
Input Pulse Fall Time
Input High Level Current
Input Low Level Current
Constant Voltage Control
VREF Output Voltage
PWM Frequency1
PWM Frequency2
Constant Voltage Control
Accuracy1
Constant Voltage Control
Accuracy2
Voltage between the OUT terminal
(Ta=+25°C, VM=3.0V,VC=3.3V, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
Condition
min
typ
max
Unit
IVCOFF
IN=All “L”
-
-
1
µA
IVMOFF
IN=All “L”
-
-
1
µA
-
0.45
1.0
mA
-
0.3
6.3
3.0
V
ms
IVC
VG
tVGON
VG = VM+VC、Iload=0A
Charge-Pump: VC > VCUV
RON
Iload 1ch/2ch = 0.1A/0.1A
-
0.54
0.70
Ω
RONTj
Iload 1ch/2ch = 0.1A/0.1A
Tj = 150°C
-
0.72
0.86
Ω
IF = 100mA
-
0.8
1.2
V
-
-
1.0
μs
-
-
1.0
μs
0.6
1.0
1.4
μs
0.7×VC
7.5
-1.0
15
-
0.3×VC
1.0
1.0
30
1.0
V
V
µs
µs
µA
µA
2.25
10
25
2.5
-
2.75
160
140
V
kHz
kHz
DutyOUT 1 VM=3.6V、VSET=1.8V,M0=”L”
45
50
55
%
DutyOUT 2 VM=1.8V、VSET=1.8V,M0=”L”
95
-
100
%
1.65
1.75
1.85
V
1.9
2.2
2.5
V
150
175
200
°C
-
30
-
°C
VF
Connected to 1kΩ between
tPDLH OUTA and OUTB.(Figure 3)
IN1=IN3=”L”, VM=3.6V
IN2=IN4=200kHz
tPDHL VC=3V, VSET=1.9V
N=2 (M0=”H”), M1=”H”
Connected to 20Ω between
tPW OUTA and OUTB.
Input Pulse Width：1μs(Figure 3)
VIH
VIL
tR
tF
IIH
IIL
VREF
fPWM1
fPWM2
VOUT
VC=3.0V
Iref=0.1mA
VM=1.6V~6.5V
VM=1.8V~3.6V
VM=2.0V、Iout=200mA
VSET=1.85V
Protection Circuit
VC Under Voltage Detect Voltage
VCUV
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
TTSD
(Note 6)
Temperature Hysteresis (Note 6)
TTSDHYS
Note 5.All above voltage is defined to GND=0V.
Note 6.Not tested under mass-production.
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VC
VC
IN1/2A
IN1/2B
50％
IN1/2A
IN1/2B
50％
50%
1us
tPDLH
tPDHL
VM
VM
OUT1/2A
OUT1/2B
90％
OUT1/2A
OUT1/2B
10％
50%
tPW
(a) Delay Time
(b) Pulse Width
Figure 3.Timmimg Chart (Delay Time, Pulse Width)
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10. Functional Descriptions
10.1 Operation Outline
The AP1023 can adjust the PWM duty of the output signal so that the average voltage of the H-Bridge output
is about “VSET×N”.
Ex. N=1, VSET =1.8V, VM=3.6V→50% duty PWM signal Output,
H-Bridge Output average Voltage=1.8V
N=1, VSET =1.8V, VM=1.8V→100% duty PWM signal Output,
H-Bridge Output average Voltage=1.8V
H-Bridge Output average voltage can be hold without depending VM.
Ex.VREF×N>VM→100% duty, H-Bridge Output average Voltage=1.8V
It should be noted that this average output voltage does not include the voltage loss due to the load current
and the on-resistance of the H-Bridge. Please note that different from the actual voltage applied to the load.
Calculation of Output signal duty : PWM duty = VSET×N /VM
Table 1.Selection of the Setting voltage magnification (N) by the M0 signal
M0
N
L
1 (PWM Constant Voltage Control)
H
2 (PWM Constant Voltage Control)
Table 2.Selection of the Input Logic by the M1 signal (Input Logic of M1 = "L" is the best in the case of a
Two-phase excitation.)
M1
Input Logic
L
Two-phase excitation
H
Generic
Table 3. M1=”L”
INPUT
EN
IN1
IN2
IN3
L
H
L
H
H
H
L
H
H
-
IN4
-
OUT1A
Hi-Z
L
H(PWM)
-
OUTPUT
OUT1B
OUT2A
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
H(PWM)
L
L
H(PWM)
OUT2B
Hi-Z
H(PWM)
L
Table 4. M1=”H”
INPUT
OUTPUT
EN
IN1 IN2 IN3
IN4
OUT1A
OUT1B
OUT2A
OUT2B
L
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
L
L
H
L
L
H
H(PWM)
H
L
L
L
L
H
H
H(PWM)
H
H
H
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
L
L
H
L
L
H
H(PWM)
H
L
L
L
L
H
H
H(PWM)
H
H
H
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Note 7. Charge Pump block and TSD, UVLO don’t operate at the Power Save.
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Mode
Power Save(Note 7)
CCW(Reverse)
CW(Forward)
CCW(Reverse)
CW(Forward)
Mode
Power Save(Note 7)
Brake
CW(Forward)
CCW(Reverse)
Standby
Brake
CW(Forward)
CCW(Reverse)
Standby
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10.2 Motor Driver Block Configuration
The N-ch LDMOS FET of the output stage is layout on both sides of the high-side and low-side, and
therefore the AP1023 possible to be housed in a small package.
Hi-side FET is driven by VG. “VG=VM+VC” is generated by Charge-Pump. Lo-side FET is driven by VC.
VG
IN1
CH
CVG
IN2
CHL
Charge
IN3
IN4
Pump
Control
Pre Driver
CL
Logic
VM
VG
EN
CVM
M1
M0
OUTnA
VC
VG
VC
OUTnB
PGNDn
Figure 4.Driver Block Equivalent circuit
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10.3 Protection Circuits
・Under Voltage Lockout(UVLO)
If VC voltage is lower than 2.2V (typ.) at the starting, the H-Bridge output is the Hi-Z.
・Thermal Shutdown(TSD)
When the internal temperature of the IC reaches the specified
temperature (TTSD(min)=150°C), and the H-Bridge driver
outputs Hi-Z. When the internal temperature after the
detection is lowered about 30°C (TTSDHYS), drivers will start
the operation.
Detection of abnormal heating
↓
OUTnA/OUTnB: Hi-Z
Restart Temperature = TTSD - TTSDHYS
Waiting for Temperature decrease
Hysterisis：30℃typ
Motor Driver restaarts
OUTnA/OUTnB:
IN1～IN4 setting
Figure 5.Detection of abnormal heating
TSD
TDET
TDETHYS
Tj
VM
UVLO
VC
VCDET_LV
IN
IOUT
OUT
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Figure 6. Protection Circuits Timing Chart
Note 8.There is no restriction to the power-up sequence of VM and VC.
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11. Recommended External Circuits
■Recommended
External Circuits
・Driving Stepper Motor(External VREF)
VM
CVM1
・Driving Stepper Motor(Internal VREF)
CHL
CVM2
VM
CVG
VM
CH
CL
CVM1
VG
CH
VG
CL
VC
CVC
CVC
VC
OUT1A
VREF
OUT1A
VREF
OUT1B
COUT
CVR
OUT1B
COUT
R1
M
VSET
VSET
CVG
VM
VC
VC
CHL
CVM2
M
VSET
CVS
R2
OUT2A
AP1023
IN1
OUT2A
OUT2B
CPU
IN4
IN4
EN
PGND
M0
PGND
M0
M1
M1
EP
EP
・Driving DC Motor(External VREF)
CVM1
・Driving DC Motor(Internal VREF)
CHL
CVM2
VM
CVG
VM
CH
CL
CVM1
CVC
CH
VG
CL
VC
OUT1A
VREF
OUT1B
COUT
M
OUT1B
R1
CVS
CVR
AP1023
COUT
M
AP1023
M
OUT2B
IN2
IN3
IN3
CPU
IN4
IN4
EN
EN
PGND
M0
PGND
M0
M1
M1
VC
COUT
OUT2A
IN1
OUT2B
IN2
CPU
M
R2
OUT2A
IN1
COUT
VSET
VSET
VSET
CVG
CVC
VC
OUT1A
VREF
CHL
CVM2
VM
VG
VC
VC
COUT
IN3
EN
VM
OUT2B
IN2
IN3
CPU
AP1023
IN1
COUT
IN2
VC
EP
EP
Figure 7.Recommended External Circuits
Table 5. Parts List
Item
Value
Unit
Note
CVM1
22
stabilization capacitors
µF
CVM2
1.0
de-coupling capacitor
µF
CVC
0.1
µF
CHL
0.1
µF
CVG
0.1
µF
CVR
0.1
µF
CVS
100
pF
COUT
0.1
µF
R1
130k
ohm
R1+R2≧50kΩ
R2
370k
ohm
Note 9.Above values are examples. Please choose appropriate external components for your system board.
Note 10.Capacitance of CVM and CVC should be determined in consideration of the load current profile, the
load capacitance, the line resistance and etc. of the actual system board.
Note 11.Please layout the large ground plane on the PCB.
Note 12.Exposed Pad (heat sink) is common to the ground terminal. Please connect it to the ground of the
PCB.
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12. Package
■Outline Dimensions
・24-pin QFN (Unit : mm)
0.75 0.05
B
19
24
18
C0.35
1
12
A
0.10
0 ~ 0.05
7
0.50
0.25 0.05
0.10 M C A B
(0.20)
4.00
0.40 0.10
(0.30)
4.00
2.60 0.10
0.10
2.60 0.10
0.08 C
C
■Recommended
Land Pattern
■Marking
(2)
1023
YWWD
(3)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
1pin Indication
Market No.
Year code (last digit)
Week code
Management code
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13. Revise History
Date
(YY/MM/DD)
16/03/24
Revision
Page
Contents
00
-
First Edition
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[AP1023AEN]
IMPORTANT NOTICE
0. Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation (“AKM”) reserves the right to make changes to the information
contained in this document without notice. When you consider any use or application of AKM product
stipulated in this document (“Product”), please make inquiries the sales office of AKM or authorized
distributors as to current status of the Products.
1. All information included in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation and application
examples of AKM Products. AKM neither makes warranties or representations with respect to the
accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this document nor grants any license to any
intellectual property rights or any other rights of AKM or any third party with respect to the information
in this document. You are fully responsible for use of such information contained in this document in
your product design or applications. AKM ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR ANY LOSSES
INCURRED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES ARISING FROM THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION
IN YOUR PRODUCT DESIGN OR APPLICATIONS.
2. The Product is neither intended nor warranted for use in equipment or systems that require
extraordinarily high levels of quality and/or reliability and/or a malfunction or failure of which may
cause loss of human life, bodily injury, serious property damage or serious public impact, including but
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escalators, devices related to electric power, and equipment used in finance-related fields. Do not use
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3. Though AKM works continually to improve the Product’s quality and reliability, you are responsible for
complying with safety standards and for providing adequate designs and safeguards for your hardware,
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4. Do not use or otherwise make available the Product or related technology or any information contained
in this document for any military purposes, including without limitation, for the design, development,
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information contained in this document, you should comply with the applicable export control laws and
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technology may not be used for or incorporated into any products or systems whose manufacture, use,
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5. Please contact AKM sales representative for details as to environmental matters such as the RoHS
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6. Resale of the Product with provisions different from the statement and/or technical features set forth in
this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by AKM for the Product and shall not create
or extend in any manner whatsoever, any liability of AKM.
7. This document may not be reproduced or duplicated, in any form, in whole or in part, without prior
written consent of AKM.
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