e
ADVANCED
LINEAR
DEVICES, INC.
TM
EPAD
EN
®
AB
LE
D
ALD110802/ALD110902
QUAD/DUAL N-CHANNEL ENHANCEMENT MODE EPAD®
VGS(th)= +0.20V
PRECISION MATCHED PAIR MOSFET ARRAY
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
APPLICATIONS
ALD110802/ALD110902 are high precision monolithic quad/dual enhancement mode N-Channel MOSFETS matched at the factory using ALD’s
proven EPAD® CMOS technology. These devices are intended for low voltage, small signal applications. The ALD110802/ALD110902 MOSFETS are
designed and built for exceptional device electrical characteristics matching. Since these devices are on the same monolithic chip, they also exhibit
excellent tempco tracking characteristics. They are versatile circuit elements
useful as design components for a broad range of analog applications,
such as basic building blocks for current sources, differential amplifier input
stages, transmission gates, and multiplexer applications. For most applications, connect the V+ pin to the most positive voltage and the V- and IC
pins to the most negative voltage in the system. All other pins must have
voltages within these voltage limits at all times.
• Ultra low power (nanowatt) analog and digital
circuits
• Ultra low operating voltage ( 0.00V and IDS > 1µA) and subthreshold region when operated at or below threshold voltage and current level (VGS = VGS - VGS(th), the saturation current IDS is now given by (approx.):
IDS = u . COX . W/L . [VGS - VGS(th)]2
Advanced Linear Devices
3 of 12
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF EPAD®
PRECISION MATCHED PAIR MOSFET FAMILY (cont.)
SUB-THRESHOLD REGION OF OPERATION
ZERO TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (ZTC) OPERATION
Low voltage systems, namely those operating at 5V, 3.3V or less,
typically require MOSFETs that have threshold voltage of 1V or
less. The threshold, or turn-on, voltage of the MOSFET is a voltage
below which the MOSFET conduction channel rapidly turns off. For
analog designs, this threshold voltage directly affects the operating
signal voltage range and the operating bias current levels.
For an EPAD MOSFET in this product family, there exist operating
points where the various factors that cause the current to increase
as a function of temperature balance out those that cause the current to decrease, thereby canceling each other, and resulting in net
temperature coefficient of near zero. One of these temperature
stable operating points is obtained by a ZTC voltage bias condition, which is 0.55V above a threshold voltage when VGS = VDS,
resulting in a temperature stable current level of about 68µA. For
other ZTC operating points, see ZTC characteristics.
At or below threshold voltage, an EPAD MOSFET exhibits a turnoff characteristic in an operating region called the subthreshold region. This is when the EPAD MOSFET conduction channel rapidly
turns off as a function of decreasing applied gate voltage. The conduction channel induced by the gate voltage on the gate electrode
decreases exponentially and causes the drain current to decrease
exponentially. However, the conduction channel does not shut off
abruptly with decreasing gate voltage. Rather, it decreases at a
fixed rate of approximately 116mV per decade of drain current decrease. Thus, if the threshold voltage is +0.20V, for example, the
drain current is 1µA at VGS = +0.20V. At VGS = +0.09V, the drain
current would decrease to 0.1µA. Extrapolating from this, the drain
current is 0.01µA (10nA) at VGS = -0.03V, 1nA at VGS = -0.14V,
and so forth. This subthreshold characteristic extends all the way
down to current levels below 1nA and is limited by other currents
such as junction leakage currents.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Performance characteristics of the EPAD MOSFET product family
are shown in the following graphs. In general, the threshold voltage
shift for each member of the product family causes other affected
electrical characteristics to shift with an equivalent linear shift in
VGS(th) bias voltage. This linear shift in VGS causes the subthreshold I-V curves to shift linearly as well. Accordingly, the subthreshold
operating current can be determined by calculating the gate voltage drop relative to its threshold voltage, VGS(th).
RDS(ON) AT VGS = GROUND
At a drain current to be declared “zero current” by the user, the
VGS voltage at that zero current can now be estimated. Note that
using the above example, with VGS(th) = +0.20V, the drain current
still hovers around 20nA when the gate is at zero volts, or ground.
LOW POWER AND NANOPOWER
When supply voltages decrease, the power consumption of a given
load resistor decreases as the square of the supply voltage. So
one of the benefits in reducing supply voltage is to reduce power
consumption. While decreasing power supply voltages and power
consumption go hand-in-hand with decreasing useful AC bandwidth
and at the same time increases noise effects in the circuit, a circuit
designer can make the necessary tradeoffs and adjustments in any
given circuit design and bias the circuit accordingly.
With EPAD MOSFETs, a circuit that performs a specific function
can be designed so that power consumption can be minimized. In
some cases, these circuits operate in low power mode where the
power consumed is measure in micro-watts. In other cases, power
dissipation can be reduced to the nano-watt region and still provide
a useful and controlled circuit function operation.
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
Several of the EPAD MOSFETs produce a fixed resistance when
their gate is grounded. For ALD110800, the drain current is 1µA at
VDS = 0.1V and VGS = 0.0V. Thus, just by grounding the gate of
the ALD110800, a resistor with RDS(ON) = ~100KΩ is produced.
When an ALD114804 gate is grounded, the drain current IDS =
18.5µA @ VDS = 0.1V, producing RDS(ON) = 5.4KΩ. Similarly,
ALD114813 and ALD114835 produce drain currents of 77µA and
185µA, respectively, at VGS = 0.0V, and RDS(ON) values of 1.3KΩ
and 540Ω, respectively.
MATCHING CHARACTERISTICS
A key benefit of using a matched pair EPAD MOSFET is to maintain temperature tracking. In general, for EPAD MOSFET matched
pair devices, one device of the matched pair has gate leakage currents, junction temperature effects, and drain current temperature
coefficient as a function of bias voltage that cancel out similar effects of the other device, resulting in a temperature stable circuit.
As mentioned earlier, this temperature stability can be further enhanced by biasing the matched-pairs at Zero Tempco (ZTC) point,
even though that could require special circuit configuration and
power consumption design consideration.
Advanced Linear Devices
4 of 12
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
DRAIN-SOURCE ON RESISTANCE
vs. DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
TA = +25°C
VGS - VGS(th) = +5V
4
VGS - VGS(th) = +4V
3
VGS - VGS(th) = +3V
2
VGS - VGS(th) = +2V
1
VGS - VGS(th) = +1V
0
0
2
4
6
8
2500
DRAIN-SOURCE ON RESISTANCE
(Ω)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(mA)
5
TA = +25°C
2000
1500
VGS = VGS(th) + 4V
1000
500
VGS = VGS(th) + 6V
0
10
100
10
DRAIN-SOURCE ON VOLTAGE (V)
2.5
20
VGS(th) = -3.5V
TA = +25°C
VDS = +10V
15
TRANSCONDUCTANCE
( m A/V)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(mA)
10000
TRANSCONDUCTANCE vs.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
FORWARD TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS
VGS(th) = -1.3V
VGS(th) = -0.4V
10
VGS(th) = 0.0V
VGS(th) = +0.2V
5
VGS(th) = +0.8V
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
VGS(th) = +1.4V
0
-4
-2
0
2
6
4
0
-50
10
8
-25
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(nA)
100000
TA = +25°C
VDS = +0.1V
VGS
(th) = +1.4V
VGS
(th) = +0.8V
VGS
(th) = +0.2V
VGS
(th) = 0.0V
1
VGS
(th) = -0.4V
10
VGS
(th) = -1.3V
VGS
(th) = -3.5V
1000
100
25
50
75
100
125
SUBTHRESHOLD FORWARD TRANSFER
CHARACTERISTICS
SUBTHRESHOLD FORWARD TRANSFER
CHARACTERISTICS
10000
0
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE (V)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(nA)
1000
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT (µA)
0.1
10000
0.01
1000
100
VDS = +0.1V
~ 110mV/decade
Slope =
10
1
0.1
0.01
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE (V)
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
VGS(th)-0.5
VGS(th)-0.4
VGS(th)-0.3
VGS(th)-0.2
VGS(th)-0.1
VGS(th)
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE (V)
Advanced Linear Devices
5 of 12
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (cont.)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT, BIAS
CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT, BIAS
CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
100
-55°C
4
-25°C
3
0°C
2
1
+70°C
0
VGS(th)-1
VGS(th)
VGS(th)+1
+125°C
+125°C
50
-25°C
0
VGS(th)+3 VGS(th)+4
VGS(th)+2
VGS(th)
VGS(th)+0.2
VGS(th)+0.6
VGS(th)+0.8
GATE- AND DRAIN-SOURCE VOLTAGE
(VGS = VDS) (V)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT vs.
DRAIN-SOURCE ON RESISTANCE
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE vs.
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
VGS(th)+1.0
1000
100
VDS = +10V
10
VDS = +0.1V
1
VDS = +5V
VDS = +1V
0.1
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE (V)
VGS(th)+4
TA = +25°C
VGS = -4.0V to +5.4V
10000
VDS = RON • IDS(ON)
VGS(th)+3
D
VGS(th)+2
VDS
VGS
VDS = +0.5V
TA = +125°C
VDS = +0.5V
TA = +25°C
IDS(ON)
S
VDS = +5V
TA = +125°C
VGS(th)+1
VDS = +5V
TA = +25°C
VGS(th)
VGS(th)-1
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1
0.1
10000
10
100
1000
10000
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT (µA)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON RESISTANCE (KΩ)
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
5
4
3
VDS = +10V
4
TA = +25°C
3
VDS = +5V
2
1
OFFSET VOLTAGE
(mV)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(mA)
VGS(th)+0.4
GATE- AND DRAIN-SOURCE VOLTAGE
(VGS = VDS) (V)
100000
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(µA)
Zero Temperature
Coefficient (ZTC)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(µA)
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
(mA)
5
REPRESENTATIVE UNITS
2
1
0
-1
-2
VDS = +1V
-3
0
-4
VGS(th)
VGS(th)+1
VGS(th)+2
VGS(th)+3
VGS(th)+4 VGS(th)+5
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
-50
Advanced Linear Devices
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (cont.)
GATE SOURCE VOLTAGE vs.
DRAIN-SOURCE ON RESISTANCE
GATE LEAKAGE CURRENT
vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
VGS(th)+4
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE (V)
GATE LEAKAGE CURRENT
(pA)
10000
1000
100
10
1
IGSS
0.1
0.0V ≤ VDS ≤ 5.0V
VGS(th)+3
+125°C
D
VGS(th)+2
-50
S
VGS(th)+1
-25
0
25
50
75
100
0
125
2
4
6
8
DRAIN-GATE DIODE CONNECTED VOLTAGE
TEMPCO vs. DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS
1.6
5
TRANSCONDUCTANCE
(mΩ-1)
-55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
2.5
0
-2.5
VGS(th) = -3.5V
TA = +25°C
VDS = +10V
VGS(th) = -1.3V
1.2
VGS(th) = -0.4V
0.8
VGS(th) = 0.0V
VGS(th) = +0.2V
0.4
VGS(th) = +0.8V
VGS(th) = +1.4V
0.0
-5
1
100
10
10
DRAIN-SOURCE ON RESISTANCE (KΩ)
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
DRAIN-GATE DIODE CONNECTED
VOLTAGE TEMPCO (mV/°C)
IDS(ON)
VGS
+25°C
VGS(th)
0.01
1000
-4
2
0
-2
4
6
8
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT (µA)
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE (V)
ZERO TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT CHARACTERISTICS
SUBTHRESHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
0.6
10
2.5
VGS(th) = -3.5V
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE
(V)
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE
(V)
VDS
0.5
VGS(th) = -1.3V, -0.4V, 0.0V, +0.2V, +0.8V, +1.4V
0.3
0.2
0.0
2.0
1.5
0.2
0.5
1.0
2.0
5.0
DRAIN-SOURCE ON VOLTAGE (V)
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
Advanced Linear Devices
VGS(th) = +0.4V
TA = +55°C
0.5
0.0
-0.5
0.1
VGS(th) = +0.4V
TA = +25°C
1.0
VGS(th) = +0.2V
TA = +25°C
100000 10000
VGS(th) = +0.2V
TA = +55°C
1000
100
10
1
0.1
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT (nA)
7 of 12
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (cont.)
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
TRANCONDUCTANCE vs.
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT
4.0
TA = +25°C
VDS = +10V
THRESHOLD VOTAGE
(V)
TARNCONDUCTANCE
(mΩ-1)
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
IDS = +1µA
VDS = +0.1V
3.0
2.0
Vt = +1.4V
1.0
Vt = 0.0V
Vt = +0.8V
Vt = +0.2V
Vt = +0.4V
0.0
0.0
0
2
4
6
8
-50
10
0
25
50
75
100
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
NORMALIZED SUBTHRESHOLD
CHARACTERISTICS RELATIVE TO
GATE THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
SUBTHRESHOLD FORWARD
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS
125
2.0
0.3
0.2
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
(V)
GATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE
VGS - VGS(th) (V)
-25
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT (mA)
VDS = +0.1V
0.1
0
-0.1
+25°C
-0.2
+55°C
-0.3
IDS = +1µA
VDS = +0.1V
1.0
VGS(th) = 0.0V
0.0
VGS(th) = -0.4V
-1.0
VGS(th) = -1.3V
-2.0
-3.0
VGS(th) = -3.5V
-4.0
-0.4
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
DRAIN-SOURCE ON CURRENT (nA)
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
Advanced Linear Devices
-25
25
75
125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
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SOIC-16 PACKAGE DRAWING
16 Pin Plastic SOIC Package
E
Millimeters
S (45°)
D
Dim
Min
A
1.35
Max
1.75
Min
0.053
Max
0.069
A1
0.10
0.25
0.004
0.010
b
0.35
0.45
0.014
0.018
C
0.18
0.25
0.007
0.010
D-16
9.80
10.00
0.385
0.394
E
3.50
4.05
0.140
0.160
1.27 BSC
e
A
A1
e
Inches
0.050 BSC
H
5.70
6.30
0.224
0.248
L
0.60
0.937
0.024
0.037
ø
0°
8°
0°
8°
S
0.25
0.50
0.010
0.020
b
S (45°)
H
L
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
C
ø
Advanced Linear Devices
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PDIP-16 PACKAGE DRAWING
16 Pin Plastic DIP Package
E
E1
Millimeters
Dim
D
S
A2
A1
e
b
A
L
Inches
A
Min
3.81
Max
5.08
Min
0.105
Max
0.200
A1
0.38
1.27
0.015
0.050
A2
1.27
2.03
0.050
0.080
b
0.89
1.65
0.035
0.065
b1
0.38
0.51
0.015
0.020
c
0.20
0.30
0.008
0.012
D-16
18.93
21.33
0.745
0.840
E
5.59
7.11
0.220
0.280
E1
7.62
8.26
0.300
0.325
e
2.29
2.79
0.090
0.110
e1
L
7.37
7.87
0.290
0.310
2.79
3.81
0.110
0.150
S-16
0.38
1.52
0.015
0.060
ø
0°
15°
0°
15°
b1
c
e1
ø
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
Advanced Linear Devices
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SOIC-8 PACKAGE DRAWING
8 Pin Plastic SOIC Package
E
Millimeters
Dim
S (45°)
D
A
Min
1.35
Max
1.75
Min
0.053
Max
0.069
A1
0.10
0.25
0.004
0.010
b
0.35
0.45
0.014
0.018
C
0.18
0.25
0.007
0.010
D-8
4.69
5.00
0.185
0.196
E
3.50
4.05
0.140
0.160
1.27 BSC
e
A
A1
e
b
Inches
0.050 BSC
H
5.70
6.30
0.224
0.248
L
0.60
0.937
0.024
0.037
ø
0°
8°
0°
8°
S
0.25
0.50
0.010
0.020
S (45°)
H
L
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
C
ø
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PDIP-8 PACKAGE DRAWING
8 Pin Plastic DIP Package
E
E1
Millimeters
D
S
A2
A1
e
b
b1
A
L
Inches
Dim
Min
Max
Min
Max
A
3.81
5.08
0.105
0.200
A1
0.38
1.27
0.015
0.050
A2
1.27
2.03
0.050
0.080
b
0.89
1.65
0.035
0.065
b1
0.38
0.51
0.015
0.020
c
0.20
0.30
0.008
0.012
D-8
9.40
11.68
0.370
0.460
E
5.59
7.11
0.220
0.280
E1
7.62
8.26
0.300
0.325
e
2.29
2.79
0.090
0.110
e1
L
7.37
7.87
0.290
0.310
2.79
3.81
0.110
0.150
S-8
1.02
2.03
0.040
0.080
0°
15°
0°
15°
ø
c
e1
ø
ALD110802/ALD110902, Vers. 2.3
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